Squashed 'yocto-poky/' content from commit ea562de
git-subtree-dir: yocto-poky
git-subtree-split: ea562de57590c966cd5a75fda8defecd397e6436
diff --git a/documentation/Makefile b/documentation/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9197a40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+# This is a single Makefile to handle all generated Yocto Project documents,
+# which includes the BitBake User Manual and the Toaster User Manual.
+# The Makefile needs to live in the documents directory and all figures used
+# in any manuals must be .PNG files and live in the individual book's figures
+# directory as well as in the figures directory for the mega-manual.
+#
+# Some manuals are available as linked help through the Eclipse development
+# system. These manuals also include an "eclipse" sub-directory as part of
+# the make process.
+#
+# Note that the figures for the Yocto Project Development Manual
+# differ depending on the BRANCH being built.
+#
+# The Makefile has these targets:
+# all: If you leave off the target then "all" is implied.
+# You will generate HTML, eclipse help (if applicable),
+# and a tarball of files.
+#
+# pdf: generates a PDF version of a manual. Not valid for the
+# Quick Start or the mega-manual (single, large HTML file
+# comprised of all Yocto Project manuals).
+# html: generates an HTML version of a manual.
+# eclipse: generates an HTML version of a manual that can be used as
+# eclipse help (including necessary metadata files).
+# tarball: creates a tarball for the doc files.
+# validate: validates
+# publish: pushes generated files to the Yocto Project website
+# clean: removes files
+#
+# The Makefile can generate an HTML and PDF version of every document except the
+# Yocto Project Quick Start and the single, HTML mega-manual, which is comprised
+# of all the individual Yocto Project manuals. You can generate these two manuals
+# in HTML form only. The variable DOC indicates the folder name for a given manual.
+# The variable VER represents the distro version of the Yocto Release for which the
+# manuals are being generated. The variable BRANCH is used to indicate the
+# branch (edison or denzil) and is used only when DOC=dev-manual or
+# DOC=mega-manual. If you do not specify a BRANCH, the default branch used
+# will be for the latest Yocto Project release. If you build for either
+# edison or denzil, you must use BRANCH. You do not need to use BRANCH for
+# any release beyond denzil.
+#
+# To build a manual, you must invoke Makefile with the DOC argument. If you
+# are going to publish the manual, then you must invoke Makefile with both the
+# DOC and the VER argument. Furthermore, if you are building or publishing
+# the edison or denzil versions of the Yocto Project Development Manual or
+# the mega-manual, you must also use the BRANCH argument.
+#
+# Examples:
+#
+# make DOC=bsp-guide
+# make html DOC=yocto-project-qs
+# make pdf DOC=ref-manual
+# make DOC=dev-manual BRANCH=edison
+# make DOC=mega-manual BRANCH=denzil
+#
+# The first example generates the HTML and Eclipse help versions of the BSP Guide.
+# The second example generates the HTML version only of the Quick Start. Note
+# that the Quick Start only has an HTML version available. So, the
+# 'make DOC=yocto-project-qs' command would be equivalent. The third example
+# generates just the PDF version of the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+# The fourth example generates the HTML 'edison' version and (if available)
+# the Eclipse help version of the YP Development Manual. The last example
+# generates the HTML version of the mega-manual and uses the 'denzil'
+# branch when choosing figures for the tarball of figures. Any example that does
+# not use the BRANCH argument builds the current version of the manual set.
+#
+# The publish target pushes the generated manuals to the Yocto Project
+# website. Unless you are a developer on the YP team, you will not succeed in
+# pushing manuals to this server. All files needed for the manual's HTML form are
+# pushed as well as applicable Eclipse versions.
+#
+# Examples:
+#
+# make publish DOC=bsp-guide VER=1.7
+# make publish DOC=adt-manual VER=1.6
+# make publish DOC=dev-manual VER=1.1.1 BRANCH=edison
+# make publish DOC=dev-manual VER=1.2 BRANCH=denzil
+#
+# The first example publishes the 1.7 version of both the PDF and HTML versions of
+# the BSP Guide. The second example publishes the 1.6 version of both the PDF and
+# HTML versions of the ADT Manual. The third example publishes the 1.1.1 version of
+# the PDF and HTML YP Development Manual for the 'edison' branch. The fourth example
+# publishes the 1.2 version of the PDF and HTML YP Development Manual for the
+# 'denzil' branch.
+#
+
+ifeq ($(DOC),bsp-guide)
+XSLTOPTS = --xinclude
+ALLPREQ = html eclipse tarball
+TARFILES = bsp-style.css bsp-guide.html figures/bsp-title.png \
+ eclipse
+MANUALS = $(DOC)/$(DOC).html $(DOC)/eclipse
+FIGURES = figures
+STYLESHEET = $(DOC)/*.css
+
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(DOC),dev-manual)
+XSLTOPTS = --xinclude
+ALLPREQ = html eclipse tarball
+#
+# Note that the tarfile might produce the "Cannot stat: No such file or
+# directory" error message for .PNG files that are not present when building
+# a particular branch. The list of files is all-inclusive for all branches.
+# Note, if you don't provide a BRANCH option, it defaults to the latest stuff.
+# This would be appropriate for "master" branch.
+#
+
+ ifeq ($(BRANCH),edison)
+TARFILES = dev-style.css dev-manual.html \
+ figures/app-dev-flow.png figures/bsp-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/dev-title.png figures/git-workflow.png \
+ figures/index-downloads.png figures/kernel-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/kernel-example-repos-edison.png \
+ figures/kernel-overview-1.png figures/kernel-overview-2.png \
+ figures/kernel-overview-3-edison.png \
+ figures/source-repos.png figures/yp-download.png \
+ figures/wip.png
+ else ifeq ($(BRANCH),denzil)
+TARFILES = dev-style.css dev-manual.html \
+ figures/app-dev-flow.png figures/bsp-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/dev-title.png figures/git-workflow.png \
+ figures/index-downloads.png figures/kernel-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/kernel-example-repos-denzil.png \
+ figures/kernel-overview-1.png figures/kernel-overview-2.png \
+ figures/kernel-overview-3-denzil.png \
+ figures/source-repos.png figures/yp-download.png \
+ figures/wip.png
+ else
+TARFILES = dev-style.css dev-manual.html \
+ figures/app-dev-flow.png figures/bsp-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/dev-title.png figures/git-workflow.png \
+ figures/index-downloads.png figures/kernel-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/kernel-overview-1.png figures/kernel-overview-2-generic.png \
+ figures/source-repos.png figures/yp-download.png \
+ figures/recipe-workflow.png figures/build-workspace-directory.png \
+ eclipse
+ endif
+
+MANUALS = $(DOC)/$(DOC).html $(DOC)/eclipse
+FIGURES = figures
+STYLESHEET = $(DOC)/*.css
+
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(DOC),yocto-project-qs)
+XSLTOPTS = --xinclude
+ALLPREQ = html eclipse tarball
+TARFILES = yocto-project-qs.html qs-style.css figures/yocto-environment.png \
+ figures/yocto-project-transp.png \
+ eclipse
+MANUALS = $(DOC)/$(DOC).html $(DOC)/eclipse
+FIGURES = figures
+STYLESHEET = $(DOC)/*.css
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(DOC),mega-manual)
+XSLTOPTS = --stringparam html.stylesheet mega-style.css \
+ --stringparam chapter.autolabel 1 \
+ --stringparam section.autolabel 1 \
+ --stringparam section.label.includes.component.label 1 \
+ --xinclude
+ALLPREQ = html tarball
+
+ ifeq ($(BRANCH),edison)
+TARFILES = mega-manual.html mega-style.css figures/yocto-environment.png \
+ figures/building-an-image.png \
+ figures/using-a-pre-built-image.png \
+ figures/poky-title.png \
+ figures/adt-title.png figures/bsp-title.png \
+ figures/kernel-title.png figures/kernel-architecture-overview.png \
+ figures/app-dev-flow.png figures/bsp-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/dev-title.png figures/git-workflow.png \
+ figures/index-downloads.png figures/kernel-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/kernel-example-repos-edison.png \
+ figures/kernel-overview-1.png figures/kernel-overview-2.png \
+ figures/kernel-overview-3-edison.png \
+ figures/source-repos.png figures/yp-download.png \
+ figures/wip.png
+ else ifeq ($(BRANCH),denzil)
+TARFILES = mega-manual.html mega-style.css figures/yocto-environment.png \
+ figures/building-an-image.png \
+ figures/using-a-pre-built-image.png \
+ figures/poky-title.png \
+ figures/adt-title.png figures/bsp-title.png \
+ figures/kernel-title.png figures/kernel-architecture-overview.png \
+ figures/app-dev-flow.png figures/bsp-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/dev-title.png figures/git-workflow.png \
+ figures/index-downloads.png figures/kernel-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/kernel-example-repos-denzil.png \
+ figures/kernel-overview-1.png figures/kernel-overview-2.png \
+ figures/kernel-overview-3-denzil.png \
+ figures/source-repos.png figures/yp-download.png \
+ figures/wip.png
+ else
+TARFILES = mega-manual.html mega-style.css figures/yocto-environment.png \
+ figures/building-an-image.png \
+ figures/using-a-pre-built-image.png \
+ figures/poky-title.png figures/buildhistory.png \
+ figures/buildhistory-web.png \
+ figures/adt-title.png figures/bsp-title.png \
+ figures/kernel-dev-title.png figures/kernel-architecture-overview.png \
+ figures/app-dev-flow.png figures/bsp-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/dev-title.png \
+ figures/git-workflow.png figures/index-downloads.png \
+ figures/kernel-dev-flow.png \
+ figures/kernel-overview-1.png figures/kernel-overview-2-generic.png \
+ figures/source-repos.png figures/yp-download.png \
+ figures/profile-title.png figures/kernelshark-all.png \
+ figures/kernelshark-choose-events.png \
+ figures/kernelshark-i915-display.png \
+ figures/kernelshark-output-display.png figures/lttngmain0.png \
+ figures/oprofileui-busybox.png figures/oprofileui-copy-to-user.png \
+ figures/oprofileui-downloading.png figures/oprofileui-processes.png \
+ figures/perf-probe-do_fork-profile.png \
+ figures/perf-report-cycles-u.png \
+ figures/perf-systemwide.png figures/perf-systemwide-libc.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-annotate-menu.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-annotate-udhcpc.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-debuginfo.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-dso-zoom.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-dso-zoom-menu.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-expanded-stripped.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-flat-stripped.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-g-copy-from-user-expanded-stripped.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-g-copy-to-user-expanded-debuginfo.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-g-copy-to-user-expanded-stripped.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-g-copy-to-user-expanded-stripped-unresolved-hidden.png \
+ figures/pybootchartgui-linux-yocto.png \
+ figures/pychart-linux-yocto-rpm.png \
+ figures/pychart-linux-yocto-rpm-nostrip.png \
+ figures/sched-wakeup-profile.png figures/sysprof-callers.png \
+ figures/sysprof-copy-from-user.png figures/sysprof-copy-to-user.png \
+ figures/cross-development-toolchains.png \
+ figures/yocto-environment-ref.png figures/user-configuration.png \
+ figures/source-input.png figures/package-feeds.png \
+ figures/layer-input.png figures/images.png figures/sdk.png \
+ figures/source-fetching.png figures/patching.png \
+ figures/configuration-compile-autoreconf.png \
+ figures/analysis-for-package-splitting.png \
+ figures/image-generation.png \
+ figures/sdk-generation.png figures/recipe-workflow.png \
+ figures/build-workspace-directory.png figures/mega-title.png \
+ figures/toaster-title.png figures/hosted-service.png \
+ figures/simple-configuration.png
+ endif
+
+MANUALS = $(DOC)/$(DOC).html
+FIGURES = figures
+STYLESHEET = $(DOC)/*.css
+
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(DOC),ref-manual)
+XSLTOPTS = --xinclude
+ALLPREQ = html eclipse tarball
+TARFILES = ref-manual.html ref-style.css figures/poky-title.png \
+ figures/buildhistory.png figures/buildhistory-web.png eclipse \
+ figures/cross-development-toolchains.png figures/layer-input.png \
+ figures/package-feeds.png figures/source-input.png \
+ figures/user-configuration.png figures/yocto-environment-ref.png \
+ figures/images.png figures/sdk.png figures/source-fetching.png \
+ figures/patching.png figures/configuration-compile-autoreconf.png \
+ figures/analysis-for-package-splitting.png figures/image-generation.png \
+ figures/sdk-generation.png figures/building-an-image.png
+MANUALS = $(DOC)/$(DOC).html $(DOC)/eclipse
+FIGURES = figures
+STYLESHEET = $(DOC)/*.css
+endif
+
+
+ifeq ($(DOC),adt-manual)
+XSLTOPTS = --xinclude
+ALLPREQ = html eclipse tarball
+TARFILES = adt-manual.html adt-style.css figures/adt-title.png \
+ figures/using-a-pre-built-image.png \
+ eclipse
+MANUALS = $(DOC)/$(DOC).html $(DOC)/eclipse
+FIGURES = figures
+STYLESHEET = $(DOC)/*.css
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(DOC),profile-manual)
+XSLTOPTS = --xinclude
+ALLPREQ = html eclipse tarball
+TARFILES = profile-manual.html profile-manual-style.css \
+ figures/profile-title.png figures/kernelshark-all.png \
+ figures/kernelshark-choose-events.png \
+ figures/kernelshark-i915-display.png \
+ figures/kernelshark-output-display.png figures/lttngmain0.png \
+ figures/oprofileui-busybox.png figures/oprofileui-copy-to-user.png \
+ figures/oprofileui-downloading.png figures/oprofileui-processes.png \
+ figures/perf-probe-do_fork-profile.png \
+ figures/perf-report-cycles-u.png \
+ figures/perf-systemwide.png figures/perf-systemwide-libc.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-annotate-menu.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-annotate-udhcpc.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-debuginfo.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-dso-zoom.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-dso-zoom-menu.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-busybox-expanded-stripped.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-flat-stripped.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-g-copy-from-user-expanded-stripped.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-g-copy-to-user-expanded-debuginfo.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-g-copy-to-user-expanded-stripped.png \
+ figures/perf-wget-g-copy-to-user-expanded-stripped-unresolved-hidden.png \
+ figures/pybootchartgui-linux-yocto.png \
+ figures/pychart-linux-yocto-rpm.png \
+ figures/pychart-linux-yocto-rpm-nostrip.png \
+ figures/sched-wakeup-profile.png figures/sysprof-callers.png \
+ figures/sysprof-copy-from-user.png figures/sysprof-copy-to-user.png \
+ eclipse
+MANUALS = $(DOC)/$(DOC).html $(DOC)/eclipse
+FIGURES = figures
+STYLESHEET = $(DOC)/*.css
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(DOC),kernel-dev)
+XSLTOPTS = --xinclude
+ALLPREQ = html eclipse tarball
+TARFILES = kernel-dev.html kernel-dev-style.css \
+ figures/kernel-dev-title.png \
+ figures/kernel-architecture-overview.png \
+ eclipse
+MANUALS = $(DOC)/$(DOC).html $(DOC)/eclipse
+FIGURES = figures
+STYLESHEET = $(DOC)/*.css
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(DOC),toaster-manual)
+XSLTOPTS = --xinclude
+ALLPREQ = html tarball
+TARFILES = toaster-manual.html toaster-manual-style.css \
+ figures/toaster-title.png figures/simple-configuration.png \
+ figures/hosted-service.png
+MANUALS = $(DOC)/$(DOC).html $(DOC)/$(DOC).pdf
+FIGURES = figures
+STYLESHEET = $(DOC)/*.css
+endif
+
+
+##
+# These URI should be rewritten by your distribution's xml catalog to
+# match your locally installed XSL stylesheets.
+XSL_BASE_URI = http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1
+XSL_XHTML_URI = $(XSL_BASE_URI)/xhtml/docbook.xsl
+
+all: $(ALLPREQ)
+
+pdf:
+ifeq ($(DOC),yocto-project-qs)
+ @echo " "
+ @echo "ERROR: You cannot generate a yocto-project-qs PDF file."
+ @echo " "
+
+else ifeq ($(DOC),mega-manual)
+ @echo " "
+ @echo "ERROR: You cannot generate a mega-manual PDF file."
+ @echo " "
+
+else
+
+ cd $(DOC); ../tools/poky-docbook-to-pdf $(DOC).xml ../template; cd ..
+endif
+
+html:
+ifeq ($(DOC),mega-manual)
+# See http://www.sagehill.net/docbookxsl/HtmlOutput.html
+ @echo " "
+ @echo "******** Building "$(DOC)
+ @echo " "
+ cd $(DOC); xsltproc $(XSLTOPTS) -o $(DOC).html $(DOC)-customization.xsl $(DOC).xml; cd ..
+ @echo " "
+ @echo "******** Using mega-manual.sed to process external links"
+ @echo " "
+ cd $(DOC); sed -f ../tools/mega-manual.sed < mega-manual.html > mega-output.html; cd ..
+ @echo " "
+ @echo "******** Cleaning up transient file mega-output.html"
+ @echo " "
+ cd $(DOC); rm mega-manual.html; mv mega-output.html mega-manual.html; cd ..
+else
+# See http://www.sagehill.net/docbookxsl/HtmlOutput.html
+ @echo " "
+ @echo "******** Building "$(DOC)
+ @echo " "
+ cd $(DOC); xsltproc $(XSLTOPTS) -o $(DOC).html $(DOC)-customization.xsl $(DOC).xml; cd ..
+endif
+
+
+eclipse: BASE_DIR = html/$(DOC)/
+
+eclipse: eclipse-generate eclipse-resolve-links
+
+.PHONY : eclipse-generate eclipse-resolve-links
+
+eclipse-generate:
+ifeq ($(filter $(DOC), adt-manual bsp-guide dev-manual kernel-dev profile-manual ref-manual yocto-project-qs),)
+ @echo " "
+ @echo "ERROR: You can only create eclipse documentation"
+ @echo " of the following documentation parts:"
+ @echo " - adt-manual"
+ @echo " - bsp-guide"
+ @echo " - dev-manual"
+ @echo " - kernel-dev"
+ @echo " - profile-manual"
+ @echo " - ref-manual"
+ @echo " - yocto-project-qs"
+ @echo " "
+else
+ @echo " "
+ @echo "******** Building eclipse help of "$(DOC)
+ @echo " "
+ cd $(DOC) && \
+ xsltproc $(XSLTOPTS) \
+ --stringparam base.dir '$(BASE_DIR)' \
+ -o eclipse/$(DOC).html \
+ $(DOC)-eclipse-customization.xsl $(DOC).xml && \
+ mv eclipse/toc.xml eclipse/$(DOC)-toc.xml && \
+ cp -rf $(FIGURES) eclipse/$(BASE_DIR) && \
+ cd ..;
+
+ $(call modify-eclipse)
+endif
+
+eclipse-resolve-links:
+ @echo " "
+ @echo "******** Using eclipse-help.sed to process external links"
+ @echo " "
+ $(foreach FILE, \
+ $(wildcard $(DOC)/eclipse/html/$(DOC)/*.html), \
+ $(shell sed -i -f tools/eclipse-help.sed $(FILE)))
+
+tarball: html
+ @echo " "
+ @echo "******** Creating Tarball of document files"
+ @echo " "
+ cd $(DOC); tar -cvzf $(DOC).tgz $(TARFILES); cd ..
+
+validate:
+ cd $(DOC); xmllint --postvalid --xinclude --noout $(DOC).xml; cd ..
+
+
+publish:
+ @if test -f $(DOC)/$(DOC).html; \
+ then \
+ echo " "; \
+ echo "******** Publishing "$(DOC)".html"; \
+ echo " "; \
+ scp -r $(MANUALS) $(STYLESHEET) docs.yp:/var/www/www.yoctoproject.org-docs/$(VER)/$(DOC); \
+ cd $(DOC); scp -r $(FIGURES) docs.yp:/var/www/www.yoctoproject.org-docs/$(VER)/$(DOC); \
+ else \
+ echo " "; \
+ echo $(DOC)".html missing. Generate the file first then try again."; \
+ echo " "; \
+ fi
+
+clean:
+ rm -rf $(MANUALS); rm $(DOC)/$(DOC).tgz;
diff --git a/documentation/README b/documentation/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d01678d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/README
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+documentation
+=============
+
+This is the directory that contains the Yocto Project documentation. The Yocto
+Project source repositories at http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit.cgi have two
+instances of the "documentation" directory. You should understand each of
+these instances.
+
+ poky/documentation - The directory within the poky Git repository containing
+ the set of Yocto Project manuals. When you clone the
+ poky Git repository, the documentation directory
+ contains the manuals. The state of the manuals in this
+ directory is guaranteed to reflect the latest Yocto
+ Project release. The manuals at the tip of this
+ directory will also likely contain most manual
+ development changes.
+
+ yocto-docs/documentation - The Git repository for the Yocto Project manuals.
+ This repository is where manual development
+ occurs. If you plan on contributing back to the
+ Yocto Project documentation, you should set up
+ a local Git repository based on this upstream
+ repository as follows:
+
+ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/yocto-docs
+
+ Changes and patches are first pushed to the
+ yocto-docs Git repository. Later, they make it
+ into the poky Git repository found at
+ git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky.
+
+Manual Organization
+===================
+
+Folders exist for individual manuals as follows:
+
+* adt-manual - The Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+* bsp-guide - The Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide
+* dev-manual - The Yocto Project Development Manual
+* kernel-dev - The Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual
+* ref-manual - The Yocto Project Reference Manual
+* yocto-project-qs - The Yocto Project Quick Start
+* mega-manual - An aggregated manual comprised of all YP manuals and guides
+* profile-manual - The Yocto Project Profile and Tracing Manual
+
+Each folder is self-contained regarding content and figures. Note that there
+is a sed file needed to process the links of the mega-manual. The sed file
+is located in the tools directory. Also note that the figures folder in the
+mega-manual directory contains duplicates of all the figures in the YP folders
+directories for all YP manuals and guides.
+
+If you want to find HTML versions of the Yocto Project manuals on the web,
+go to http://www.yoctoproject.org and click on the "Documentation" tab. From
+there you have access to archived documentation from previous releases, current
+documentation for the latest release, and "Docs in Progress" for the release
+currently being developed.
+
+In general, the Yocto Project site (http://www.yoctoproject.org) is a great
+reference for both information and downloads.
+
+Makefile
+========
+
+The Makefile processes manual directories to create HTML, PDF,
+tarballs, etc. Details on how the Makefile work are documented
+inside the Makefile. See that file for more information.
+
+To build a manual, you run the make command and pass it the name
+of the folder containing the manual's contents.
+For example, the following command run from the documentation directory
+creates an HTML and a PDF version of the ADT manual.
+The DOC variable specifies the manual you are making:
+
+ $ make DOC=adt-manual
+
+poky.ent
+========
+
+This file defines variables used for documentation production. The variables
+are used to define release pathnames, URLs for the published manuals, etc.
+
+template
+========
+Contains various templates, fonts, and some old PNG files.
+
+tools
+=====
+Contains a tool to convert the DocBook files to PDF format. This folder also
+contains the mega-manual.sed file, which is used by Makefile to process
+cross-references from within the manual that normally go to an external
+manual.
diff --git a/documentation/adt-manual/adt-command.xml b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-command.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c78d18a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-command.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='using-the-command-line'>
+<title>Using the Command Line</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Recall that earlier the manual discussed how to use an existing toolchain
+ tarball that had been installed into the default installation
+ directory, <filename>/opt/poky/&DISTRO;</filename>, which is outside of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ (see the section "<link linkend='using-an-existing-toolchain-tarball'>Using a Cross-Toolchain Tarball)</link>".
+ And, that sourcing your architecture-specific environment setup script
+ initializes a suitable cross-toolchain development environment.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ During this setup, locations for the compiler, QEMU scripts, QEMU binary,
+ a special version of <filename>pkgconfig</filename> and other useful
+ utilities are added to the <filename>PATH</filename> variable.
+ Also, variables to assist
+ <filename>pkgconfig</filename> and <filename>autotools</filename>
+ are also defined so that, for example, <filename>configure.sh</filename>
+ can find pre-generated test results for tests that need target hardware
+ on which to run.
+ You can see the
+ "<link linkend='setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>Setting Up the Cross-Development Environment</link>"
+ section for the list of cross-toolchain environment variables
+ established by the script.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Collectively, these conditions allow you to easily use the toolchain
+ outside of the OpenEmbedded build environment on both Autotools-based
+ projects and Makefile-based projects.
+ This chapter provides information for both these types of projects.
+ </para>
+
+
+<section id='autotools-based-projects'>
+<title>Autotools-Based Projects</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you have a suitable cross-toolchain installed, it is very easy to
+ develop a project outside of the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ This section presents a simple "Helloworld" example that shows how
+ to set up, compile, and run the project.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='creating-and-running-a-project-based-on-gnu-autotools'>
+ <title>Creating and Running a Project Based on GNU Autotools</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Follow these steps to create a simple Autotools-based project:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create your directory:</emphasis>
+ Create a clean directory for your project and then make
+ that directory your working location:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ mkdir $HOME/helloworld
+ $ cd $HOME/helloworld
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Populate the directory:</emphasis>
+ Create <filename>hello.c</filename>, <filename>Makefile.am</filename>,
+ and <filename>configure.in</filename> files as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>For <filename>hello.c</filename>, include
+ these lines:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ #include <stdio.h>
+
+ main()
+ {
+ printf("Hello World!\n");
+ }
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>For <filename>Makefile.am</filename>,
+ include these lines:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ bin_PROGRAMS = hello
+ hello_SOURCES = hello.c
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>For <filename>configure.in</filename>,
+ include these lines:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ AC_INIT(hello.c)
+ AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(hello,0.1)
+ AC_PROG_CC
+ AC_PROG_INSTALL
+ AC_OUTPUT(Makefile)
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Source the cross-toolchain
+ environment setup file:</emphasis>
+ Installation of the cross-toolchain creates a cross-toolchain
+ environment setup script in the directory that the ADT
+ was installed.
+ Before you can use the tools to develop your project, you must
+ source this setup script.
+ The script begins with the string "environment-setup" and contains
+ the machine architecture, which is followed by the string
+ "poky-linux".
+ Here is an example that sources a script from the
+ default ADT installation directory that uses the
+ 32-bit Intel x86 Architecture and the
+ &DISTRO_NAME; Yocto Project release:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source /opt/poky/&DISTRO;/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Generate the local aclocal.m4
+ files and create the configure script:</emphasis>
+ The following GNU Autotools generate the local
+ <filename>aclocal.m4</filename> files and create the
+ configure script:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ aclocal
+ $ autoconf
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Generate files needed by GNU
+ coding standards:</emphasis>
+ GNU coding standards require certain files in order for the
+ project to be compliant.
+ This command creates those files:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ touch NEWS README AUTHORS ChangeLog
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Generate the configure
+ file:</emphasis>
+ This command generates the <filename>configure</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ automake -a
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Cross-compile the project:</emphasis>
+ This command compiles the project using the cross-compiler.
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CONFIGURE_FLAGS'><filename>CONFIGURE_FLAGS</filename></ulink>
+ environment variable provides the minimal arguments for
+ GNU configure:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ./configure ${CONFIGURE_FLAGS}
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Make and install the project:</emphasis>
+ These two commands generate and install the project into the
+ destination directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ make
+ $ make install DESTDIR=./tmp
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Verify the installation:</emphasis>
+ This command is a simple way to verify the installation
+ of your project.
+ Running the command prints the architecture on which
+ the binary file can run.
+ This architecture should be the same architecture that
+ the installed cross-toolchain supports.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ file ./tmp/usr/local/bin/hello
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Execute your project:</emphasis>
+ To execute the project in the shell, simply enter the name.
+ You could also copy the binary to the actual target hardware
+ and run the project there as well:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ./hello
+ </literallayout>
+ As expected, the project displays the "Hello World!" message.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='passing-host-options'>
+ <title>Passing Host Options</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For an Autotools-based project, you can use the cross-toolchain by just
+ passing the appropriate host option to <filename>configure.sh</filename>.
+ The host option you use is derived from the name of the environment setup
+ script found in the directory in which you installed the cross-toolchain.
+ For example, the host option for an ARM-based target that uses the GNU EABI
+ is <filename>armv5te-poky-linux-gnueabi</filename>.
+ You will notice that the name of the script is
+ <filename>environment-setup-armv5te-poky-linux-gnueabi</filename>.
+ Thus, the following command works to update your project and
+ rebuild it using the appropriate cross-toolchain tools:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ./configure --host=armv5te-poky-linux-gnueabi \
+ --with-libtool-sysroot=<replaceable>sysroot_dir</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ If the <filename>configure</filename> script results in problems recognizing the
+ <filename>--with-libtool-sysroot=</filename><replaceable>sysroot-dir</replaceable> option,
+ regenerate the script to enable the support by doing the following and then
+ run the script again:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ libtoolize --automake
+ $ aclocal -I ${OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT}/usr/share/aclocal \
+ [-I <replaceable>dir_containing_your_project-specific_m4_macros</replaceable>]
+ $ autoconf
+ $ autoheader
+ $ automake -a
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='makefile-based-projects'>
+<title>Makefile-Based Projects</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For Makefile-based projects, the cross-toolchain environment variables
+ established by running the cross-toolchain environment setup script
+ are subject to general <filename>make</filename> rules.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To illustrate this, consider the following four cross-toolchain
+ environment variables:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CC'>CC</ulink>=i586-poky-linux-gcc -m32 -march=i586 --sysroot=/opt/poky/1.8/sysroots/i586-poky-linux
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LD'>LD</ulink>=i586-poky-linux-ld --sysroot=/opt/poky/1.8/sysroots/i586-poky-linux
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CFLAGS'>CFLAGS</ulink>=-O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CXXFLAGS'>CXXFLAGS</ulink>=-O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types
+ </literallayout>
+ Now, consider the following three cases:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Case 1 - No Variables Set in the <filename>Makefile</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Because these variables are not specifically set in the
+ <filename>Makefile</filename>, the variables retain their
+ values based on the environment.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Case 2 - Variables Set in the <filename>Makefile</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Specifically setting variables in the
+ <filename>Makefile</filename> during the build results in the
+ environment settings of the variables being overwritten.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Case 3 - Variables Set when the <filename>Makefile</filename> is Executed from the Command Line:</emphasis>
+ Executing the <filename>Makefile</filename> from the command
+ line results in the variables being overwritten with
+ command-line content regardless of what is being set in the
+ <filename>Makefile</filename>.
+ In this case, environment variables are not considered unless
+ you use the "-e" flag during the build:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ make -e <replaceable>file</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ If you use this flag, then the environment values of the
+ variables override any variables specifically set in the
+ <filename>Makefile</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <note>
+ For the list of variables set up by the cross-toolchain environment
+ setup script, see the
+ "<link linkend='setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>Setting Up the Cross-Development Environment</link>"
+ section.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/adt-manual/adt-intro.xml b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-intro.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..597c712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-intro.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='adt-intro'>
+ <title>The Application Development Toolkit (ADT)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Part of the Yocto Project development solution is an Application Development
+ Toolkit (ADT).
+ The ADT provides you with a custom-built, cross-development
+ platform suited for developing a user-targeted product application.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Fundamentally, the ADT consists of the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>An architecture-specific cross-toolchain and matching
+ sysroot both built by the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-system-term'>OpenEmbedded build system</ulink>.
+ The toolchain and sysroot are based on a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ configuration and extensions,
+ which allows you to cross-develop on the host machine for the target hardware.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The Eclipse IDE Yocto Plug-in.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The Quick EMUlator (QEMU), which lets you simulate target hardware.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Various user-space tools that greatly enhance your application
+ development experience.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='the-cross-development-toolchain'>
+ <title>The Cross-Development Toolchain</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#cross-development-toolchain'>Cross-Development Toolchain</ulink>
+ consists of a cross-compiler, cross-linker, and cross-debugger
+ that are used to develop user-space applications for targeted
+ hardware.
+ This toolchain is created either by running the ADT Installer
+ script, a toolchain installer script, or through a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ that is based on your Metadata configuration or extension for
+ your targeted device.
+ The cross-toolchain works with a matching target sysroot.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='sysroot'>
+ <title>Sysroot</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The matching target sysroot contains needed headers and libraries for generating
+ binaries that run on the target architecture.
+ The sysroot is based on the target root filesystem image that is built by
+ the OpenEmbedded build system and uses the same Metadata configuration
+ used to build the cross-toolchain.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='eclipse-overview'>
+ <title>Eclipse Yocto Plug-in</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Eclipse IDE is a popular development environment and it fully supports
+ development using the Yocto Project.
+ When you install and configure the Eclipse Yocto Project Plug-in into
+ the Eclipse IDE, you maximize your Yocto Project experience.
+ Installing and configuring the Plug-in results in an environment that
+ has extensions specifically designed to let you more easily develop software.
+ These extensions allow for cross-compilation, deployment, and execution of
+ your output into a QEMU emulation session.
+ You can also perform cross-debugging and profiling.
+ The environment also supports a suite of tools that allows you to perform
+ remote profiling, tracing, collection of power data, collection of
+ latency data, and collection of performance data.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information about the application development workflow that uses the Eclipse
+ IDE and for a detailed example of how to install and configure the Eclipse
+ Yocto Project Plug-in, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#adt-eclipse'>Working Within Eclipse</ulink>" section
+ of the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='the-qemu-emulator'>
+ <title>The QEMU Emulator</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The QEMU emulator allows you to simulate your hardware while running your
+ application or image.
+ QEMU is made available a number of ways:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ If you use the ADT Installer script to install ADT, you can
+ specify whether or not to install QEMU.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ If you have cloned the <filename>poky</filename> Git
+ repository to create a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ and you have sourced the environment setup script, QEMU is
+ installed and automatically available.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ If you have downloaded a Yocto Project release and unpacked
+ it to create a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ and you have sourced the environment setup script, QEMU is
+ installed and automatically available.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ If you have installed the cross-toolchain tarball and you
+ have sourced the toolchain's setup environment script, QEMU
+ is also installed and automatically available.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='user-space-tools'>
+ <title>User-Space Tools</title>
+
+ <para>
+ User-space tools are included as part of the Yocto Project.
+ You will find these tools helpful during development.
+ The tools include LatencyTOP, PowerTOP, OProfile, Perf, SystemTap, and Lttng-ust.
+ These tools are common development tools for the Linux platform.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>LatencyTOP:</emphasis> LatencyTOP focuses on latency
+ that causes skips in audio,
+ stutters in your desktop experience, or situations that overload your server
+ even when you have plenty of CPU power left.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>PowerTOP:</emphasis> Helps you determine what
+ software is using the most power.
+ You can find out more about PowerTOP at
+ <ulink url='https://01.org/powertop/'></ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>OProfile:</emphasis> A system-wide profiler for Linux
+ systems that is capable of profiling all running code at low overhead.
+ You can find out more about OProfile at
+ <ulink url='http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/about/'></ulink>.
+ For examples on how to setup and use this tool, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;#profile-manual-oprofile'>OProfile</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Perf:</emphasis> Performance counters for Linux used
+ to keep track of certain types of hardware and software events.
+ For more information on these types of counters see
+ <ulink url='https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/'></ulink>.
+ For examples on how to setup and use this tool, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;#profile-manual-perf'>perf</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>SystemTap:</emphasis> A free software infrastructure
+ that simplifies information gathering about a running Linux system.
+ This information helps you diagnose performance or functional problems.
+ SystemTap is not available as a user-space tool through the Eclipse IDE Yocto Plug-in.
+ See <ulink url='http://sourceware.org/systemtap'></ulink> for more information
+ on SystemTap.
+ For examples on how to setup and use this tool, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;#profile-manual-systemtap'>SystemTap</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Lttng-ust:</emphasis> A User-space Tracer designed to
+ provide detailed information on user-space activity.
+ See <ulink url='http://lttng.org/ust'></ulink> for more information on Lttng-ust.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual-customization.xsl b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b86be51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:include href="../template/permalinks.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/section.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/component.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/division.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/formal.object.heading.xsl"/>
+
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'adt-style.css'" />
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel" select="A" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="generate.id.attributes" select="1" />
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77ba5f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
+ version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import
+ href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:param name="chunker.output.indent" select="'yes'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.quietly" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.first.sections" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.section.depth" select="10"/>
+ <xsl:param name="use.id.as.filename" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="ulink.target" select="'_self'" />
+ <xsl:param name="base.dir" select="'html/adt-manual/'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'../book.css'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="eclipse.manifest" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="create.plugin.xml" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="suppress.navigation" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="generate.index" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual-intro.xml b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual-intro.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..034fdff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual-intro.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='adt-manual-intro'>
+<title>Introduction</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Welcome to the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ This manual provides information that lets you begin developing applications
+ using the Yocto Project.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project provides an application development environment based on
+ an Application Development Toolkit (ADT) and the availability of stand-alone
+ cross-development toolchains and other tools.
+ This manual describes the ADT and how you can configure and install it,
+ how to access and use the cross-development toolchains, how to
+ customize the development packages installation,
+ how to use command-line development for both Autotools-based and
+ Makefile-based projects, and an introduction to the
+ <trademark class='trade'>Eclipse</trademark> IDE Yocto Plug-in.
+ <note>
+ The ADT is distribution-neutral and does not require the Yocto
+ Project reference distribution, which is called Poky.
+ This manual, however, uses examples that use the Poky distribution.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual.xml b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ce62c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-manual.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<book id='adt-manual' lang='en'
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
+ xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ >
+ <bookinfo>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref='figures/adt-title.png'
+ format='SVG'
+ align='left' scalefit='1' width='100%'/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ <title>
+ Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide
+ </title>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Jessica</firstname> <surname>Zhang</surname>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>Intel Corporation</orgname>
+ </affiliation>
+ <email>jessica.zhang@intel.com</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+
+ <revhistory>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
+ <date>6 April 2011</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.0 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0.1</revnumber>
+ <date>23 May 2011</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.0.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.1</revnumber>
+ <date>6 October 2011</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.2</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2012</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.2 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.3</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2012</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.3 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.4</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.4 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5.1</revnumber>
+ <date>January 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.6</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.6 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.7</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.7 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.8</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.8 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.9</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.9 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>©RIGHT_YEAR;</year>
+ <holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <legalnotice>
+ <para>
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
+ the terms of the <ulink type="http" url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales</ulink> as published by Creative Commons.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ For the latest version of this manual associated with this
+ Yocto Project release, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;'>Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide</ulink>
+ from the Yocto Project website.
+ </note>
+
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ </bookinfo>
+
+ <xi:include href="adt-manual-intro.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="adt-intro.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="adt-prepare.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="adt-package.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="adt-command.xml"/>
+
+<!-- <index id='index'>
+ <title>Index</title>
+ </index>
+-->
+
+</book>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/adt-manual/adt-package.xml b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-package.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3ffa06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-package.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='adt-package'>
+<title>Optionally Customizing the Development Packages Installation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Because the Yocto Project is suited for embedded Linux development, it is
+ likely that you will need to customize your development packages installation.
+ For example, if you are developing a minimal image, then you might not need
+ certain packages (e.g. graphics support packages).
+ Thus, you would like to be able to remove those packages from your target sysroot.
+ </para>
+
+<section id='package-management-systems'>
+ <title>Package Management Systems</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system supports the generation of sysroot files using
+ three different Package Management Systems (PMS):
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>OPKG:</emphasis> A less well known PMS whose use
+ originated in the OpenEmbedded and OpenWrt embedded Linux projects.
+ This PMS works with files packaged in an <filename>.ipk</filename> format.
+ See <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opkg'></ulink> for more
+ information about OPKG.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>RPM:</emphasis> A more widely known PMS intended for GNU/Linux
+ distributions.
+ This PMS works with files packaged in an <filename>.rms</filename> format.
+ The build system currently installs through this PMS by default.
+ See <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPM_Package_Manager'></ulink>
+ for more information about RPM.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Debian:</emphasis> The PMS for Debian-based systems
+ is built on many PMS tools.
+ The lower-level PMS tool <filename>dpkg</filename> forms the base of the Debian PMS.
+ For information on dpkg see
+ <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dpkg'></ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='configuring-the-pms'>
+ <title>Configuring the PMS</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Whichever PMS you are using, you need to be sure that the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></ulink>
+ variable in the <filename>conf/local.conf</filename>
+ file is set to reflect that system.
+ The first value you choose for the variable specifies the package file format for the root
+ filesystem at sysroot.
+ Additional values specify additional formats for convenience or testing.
+ See the <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> configuration file for
+ details.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ For build performance information related to the PMS, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-package'><filename>package.bbclass</filename></ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ As an example, consider a scenario where you are using OPKG and you want to add
+ the <filename>libglade</filename> package to the target sysroot.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ First, you should generate the IPK file for the
+ <filename>libglade</filename> package and add it
+ into a working <filename>opkg</filename> repository.
+ Use these commands:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake libglade
+ $ bitbake package-index
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Next, source the cross-toolchain environment setup script found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ Follow that by setting up the installation destination to point to your
+ sysroot as <replaceable>sysroot_dir</replaceable>.
+ Finally, have an OPKG configuration file <replaceable>conf_file</replaceable>
+ that corresponds to the <filename>opkg</filename> repository you have just created.
+ The following command forms should now work:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ opkg-cl –f <replaceable>conf_file</replaceable> -o <replaceable>sysroot_dir</replaceable> update
+ $ opkg-cl –f <replaceable>cconf_file</replaceable> -o <replaceable>sysroot_dir</replaceable> \
+ --force-overwrite install libglade
+ $ opkg-cl –f <replaceable>cconf_file</replaceable> -o <replaceable>sysroot_dir</replaceable> \
+ --force-overwrite install libglade-dbg
+ $ opkg-cl –f <replaceable>conf_file> -o </replaceable>sysroot_dir> \
+ --force-overwrite install libglade-dev
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+</section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/adt-manual/adt-prepare.xml b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-prepare.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01f569f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-prepare.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='adt-prepare'>
+
+<title>Preparing for Application Development</title>
+
+<para>
+ In order to develop applications, you need set up your host development system.
+ Several ways exist that allow you to install cross-development tools, QEMU, the
+ Eclipse Yocto Plug-in, and other tools.
+ This chapter describes how to prepare for application development.
+</para>
+
+<section id='installing-the-adt'>
+ <title>Installing the ADT and Toolchains</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list describes installation methods that set up varying
+ degrees of tool availability on your system.
+ Regardless of the installation method you choose,
+ you must <filename>source</filename> the cross-toolchain
+ environment setup script, which establishes several key
+ environment variables, before you use a toolchain.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>Setting Up the Cross-Development Environment</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ Avoid mixing installation methods when installing toolchains for
+ different architectures.
+ For example, avoid using the ADT Installer to install some
+ toolchains and then hand-installing cross-development toolchains
+ by running the toolchain installer for different architectures.
+ Mixing installation methods can result in situations where the
+ ADT Installer becomes unreliable and might not install the
+ toolchain.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you must mix installation methods, you might avoid problems by
+ deleting <filename>/var/lib/opkg</filename>, thus purging the
+ <filename>opkg</filename> package metadata.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Use the ADT installer script:</emphasis>
+ This method is the recommended way to install the ADT because it
+ automates much of the process for you.
+ For example, you can configure the installation to install the QEMU emulator
+ and the user-space NFS, specify which root filesystem profiles to download,
+ and define the target sysroot location.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Use an existing toolchain:</emphasis>
+ Using this method, you select and download an architecture-specific
+ toolchain installer and then run the script to hand-install the toolchain.
+ If you use this method, you just get the cross-toolchain and QEMU - you do not
+ get any of the other mentioned benefits had you run the ADT Installer script.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Use the toolchain from within the Build Directory:</emphasis>
+ If you already have a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
+ you can build the cross-toolchain within the directory.
+ However, like the previous method mentioned, you only get the cross-toolchain and QEMU - you
+ do not get any of the other benefits without taking separate steps.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='using-the-adt-installer'>
+ <title>Using the ADT Installer</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To run the ADT Installer, you need to get the ADT Installer tarball, be sure
+ you have the necessary host development packages that support the ADT Installer,
+ and then run the ADT Installer Script.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For a list of the host packages needed to support ADT installation and use, see the
+ "ADT Installer Extras" lists in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>Required Packages for the Host Development System</ulink>" section
+ of the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='getting-the-adt-installer-tarball'>
+ <title>Getting the ADT Installer Tarball</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The ADT Installer is contained in the ADT Installer tarball.
+ You can get the tarball using either of these methods:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Download the Tarball:</emphasis>
+ You can download the tarball from
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_ADTINSTALLER_DL_URL;'></ulink> into
+ any directory.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build the Tarball:</emphasis>
+ You can use
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
+ to generate the tarball inside an existing
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ <para>If you use BitBake to generate the ADT Installer
+ tarball, you must <filename>source</filename> the
+ environment setup script
+ (<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>)
+ located in the Source Directory before running the
+ <filename>bitbake</filename> command that creates the
+ tarball.</para>
+ <para>The following example commands establish
+ the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>,
+ check out the current release branch, set up the
+ build environment while also creating the default
+ Build Directory, and run the
+ <filename>bitbake</filename> command that results in the
+ tarball
+ <filename>poky/build/tmp/deploy/sdk/adt_installer.tar.bz2</filename>:
+ <note>
+ Before using BitBake to build the ADT tarball, be
+ sure to make sure your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file is properly
+ configured.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#user-configuration'>User Configuration</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for
+ general configuration information.
+ </note>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
+ $ cd poky
+ $ git checkout -b &DISTRO_NAME; origin/&DISTRO_NAME;
+ $ source &OE_INIT_FILE;
+ $ bitbake adt-installer
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='configuring-and-running-the-adt-installer-script'>
+ <title>Configuring and Running the ADT Installer Script</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Before running the ADT Installer script, you need to unpack the tarball.
+ You can unpack the tarball in any directory you wish.
+ For example, this command copies the ADT Installer tarball from where
+ it was built into the home directory and then unpacks the tarball into
+ a top-level directory named <filename>adt-installer</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~
+ $ cp poky/build/tmp/deploy/sdk/adt_installer.tar.bz2 $HOME
+ $ tar -xjf adt_installer.tar.bz2
+ </literallayout>
+ Unpacking it creates the directory <filename>adt-installer</filename>,
+ which contains the ADT Installer script (<filename>adt_installer</filename>)
+ and its configuration file (<filename>adt_installer.conf</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before you run the script, however, you should examine the ADT Installer configuration
+ file and be sure you are going to get what you want.
+ Your configurations determine which kernel and filesystem image are downloaded.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list describes the configurations you can define for the ADT Installer.
+ For configuration values and restrictions, see the comments in
+ the <filename>adt-installer.conf</filename> file:
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_REPO</filename>: This area
+ includes the IPKG-based packages and the root filesystem upon which
+ the installation is based.
+ If you want to set up your own IPKG repository pointed to by
+ <filename>YOCTOADT_REPO</filename>, you need to be sure that the
+ directory structure follows the same layout as the reference directory
+ set up at <ulink url='http://adtrepo.yoctoproject.org'></ulink>.
+ Also, your repository needs to be accessible through HTTP.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_TARGETS</filename>: The machine
+ target architectures for which you want to set up cross-development
+ environments.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_QEMU</filename>: Indicates whether
+ or not to install the emulator QEMU.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_NFS_UTIL</filename>: Indicates whether
+ or not to install user-mode NFS.
+ If you plan to use the Eclipse IDE Yocto plug-in against QEMU,
+ you should install NFS.
+ <note>To boot QEMU images using our userspace NFS server, you need
+ to be running <filename>portmap</filename> or <filename>rpcbind</filename>.
+ If you are running <filename>rpcbind</filename>, you will also need to add the
+ <filename>-i</filename> option when <filename>rpcbind</filename> starts up.
+ Please make sure you understand the security implications of doing this.
+ You might also have to modify your firewall settings to allow
+ NFS booting to work.</note></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>: The root
+ filesystem images you want to download from the
+ <filename>YOCTOADT_IPKG_REPO</filename> repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_TARGET_SYSROOT_IMAGE_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>: The
+ particular root filesystem used to extract and create the target sysroot.
+ The value of this variable must have been specified with
+ <filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>.
+ For example, if you downloaded both <filename>minimal</filename> and
+ <filename>sato-sdk</filename> images by setting
+ <filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>
+ to "minimal sato-sdk", then <filename>YOCTOADT_ROOTFS_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>
+ must be set to either "minimal" or "sato-sdk".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>YOCTOADT_TARGET_SYSROOT_LOC_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>: The
+ location on the development host where the target sysroot is created.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ After you have configured the <filename>adt_installer.conf</filename> file,
+ run the installer using the following command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd adt-installer
+ $ ./adt_installer
+ </literallayout>
+ Once the installer begins to run, you are asked to enter the
+ location for cross-toolchain installation.
+ The default location is
+ <filename>/opt/poky/</filename><replaceable>release</replaceable>.
+ After either accepting the default location or selecting your
+ own location, you are prompted to run the installation script
+ interactively or in silent mode.
+ If you want to closely monitor the installation,
+ choose “I” for interactive mode rather than “S” for silent mode.
+ Follow the prompts from the script to complete the installation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once the installation completes, the ADT, which includes the
+ cross-toolchain, is installed in the selected installation
+ directory.
+ You will notice environment setup files for the cross-toolchain
+ in the installation directory, and image tarballs in the
+ <filename>adt-installer</filename> directory according to your
+ installer configurations, and the target sysroot located
+ according to the
+ <filename>YOCTOADT_TARGET_SYSROOT_LOC_</filename><replaceable>arch</replaceable>
+ variable also in your configuration file.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-an-existing-toolchain-tarball'>
+ <title>Using a Cross-Toolchain Tarball</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you want to simply install a cross-toolchain by hand, you can
+ do so by running the toolchain installer.
+ The installer includes the pre-built cross-toolchain, the
+ <filename>runqemu</filename> script, and support files.
+ If you use this method to install the cross-toolchain, you
+ might still need to install the target sysroot by installing and
+ extracting it separately.
+ For information on how to install the sysroot, see the
+ "<link linkend='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>Extracting the Root Filesystem</link>" section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Follow these steps:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Get your toolchain installer using one of the following methods:</emphasis>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Go to
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_TOOLCHAIN_DL_URL;'></ulink>
+ and find the folder that matches your host
+ development system (i.e. <filename>i686</filename>
+ for 32-bit machines or <filename>x86_64</filename>
+ for 64-bit machines).</para>
+ <para>Go into that folder and download the toolchain
+ installer whose name includes the appropriate target
+ architecture.
+ The toolchains provided by the Yocto Project
+ are based off of the
+ <filename>core-image-sato</filename> image and
+ contain libraries appropriate for developing
+ against that image.
+ For example, if your host development system is a
+ 64-bit x86 system and you are going to use
+ your cross-toolchain for a 32-bit x86
+ target, go into the <filename>x86_64</filename>
+ folder and download the following installer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ poky-glibc-x86_64-core-image-sato-i586-toolchain-&DISTRO;.sh
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Build your own toolchain installer.
+ For cases where you cannot use an installer
+ from the download area, you can build your own as
+ described in the
+ "<link linkend='optionally-building-a-toolchain-installer'>Optionally Building a Toolchain Installer</link>"
+ section.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Once you have the installer, run it to install the toolchain:</emphasis>
+ <note>
+ You must change the permissions on the toolchain
+ installer script so that it is executable.
+ </note></para>
+ <para>The following command shows how to run the installer
+ given a toolchain tarball for a 64-bit x86 development host
+ system and a 32-bit x86 target architecture.
+ The example assumes the toolchain installer is located
+ in <filename>~/Downloads/</filename>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ~/Downloads/poky-glibc-x86_64-core-image-sato-i586-toolchain-&DISTRO;.sh
+ </literallayout>
+ The first thing the installer prompts you for is the
+ directory into which you want to install the toolchain.
+ The default directory used is
+ <filename>/opt/poky/&DISTRO;</filename>.
+ If you do not have write permissions for the directory
+ into which you are installing the toolchain, the
+ toolchain installer notifies you and exits.
+ Be sure you have write permissions in the directory and
+ run the installer again.</para>
+ <para>When the script finishes, the cross-toolchain is
+ installed.
+ You will notice environment setup files for the
+ cross-toolchain in the installation directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-the-toolchain-from-within-the-build-tree'>
+ <title>Using BitBake and the Build Directory</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A final way of making the cross-toolchain available is to use BitBake
+ to generate the toolchain within an existing
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ This method does not install the toolchain into the default
+ <filename>/opt</filename> directory.
+ As with the previous method, if you need to install the target sysroot, you must
+ do that separately as well.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Follow these steps to generate the toolchain into the Build Directory:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Set up the Build Environment:</emphasis>
+ Source the OpenEmbedded build environment setup
+ script (i.e.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>)
+ located in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Check your Local Configuration File:</emphasis>
+ At this point, you should be sure that the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink> variable
+ in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file found in the
+ <filename>conf</filename> directory of the Build Directory
+ is set for the target architecture.
+ Comments within the <filename>local.conf</filename> file
+ list the values you can use for the
+ <filename>MACHINE</filename> variable.
+ <note>
+ You can populate the Build Directory with the
+ cross-toolchains for more than a single architecture.
+ You just need to edit the <filename>MACHINE</filename>
+ variable in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file and
+ re-run the <filename>bitbake</filename> command.
+ </note></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Generate the Cross-Toolchain:</emphasis>
+ Run <filename>bitbake meta-ide-support</filename> to
+ complete the cross-toolchain generation.
+ Once the <filename>bitbake</filename> command finishes,
+ the cross-toolchain is
+ generated and populated within the Build Directory.
+ You will notice environment setup files for the
+ cross-toolchain that contain the string
+ "<filename>environment-setup</filename>" in the
+ Build Directory's <filename>tmp</filename> folder.</para>
+ <para>Be aware that when you use this method to install the
+ toolchain, you still need to separately extract and install
+ the sysroot filesystem.
+ For information on how to do this, see the
+ "<link linkend='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>Extracting the Root Filesystem</link>" section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>
+ <title>Setting Up the Cross-Development Environment</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Before you can develop using the cross-toolchain, you need to set up the
+ cross-development environment by sourcing the toolchain's environment setup script.
+ If you used the ADT Installer or hand-installed cross-toolchain,
+ then you can find this script in the directory you chose for installation.
+ For this release, the default installation directory is
+ <filename>&YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR;</filename>.
+ If you installed the toolchain in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
+ you can find the environment setup
+ script for the toolchain in the Build Directory's <filename>tmp</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Be sure to run the environment setup script that matches the
+ architecture for which you are developing.
+ Environment setup scripts begin with the string
+ "<filename>environment-setup</filename>" and include as part of their
+ name the architecture.
+ For example, the toolchain environment setup script for a 64-bit
+ IA-based architecture installed in the default installation directory
+ would be the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ &YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR;/environment-setup-x86_64-poky-linux
+ </literallayout>
+ When you run the setup script, many environment variables are
+ defined:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SDKTARGETSYSROOT'><filename>SDKTARGETSYSROOT</filename></ulink> - The path to the sysroot used for cross-compilation
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PKG_CONFIG_PATH'><filename>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</filename></ulink> - The path to the target pkg-config files
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CONFIG_SITE'><filename>CONFIG_SITE</filename></ulink> - A GNU autoconf site file preconfigured for the target
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CC'><filename>CC</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the C compiler
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CXX'><filename>CXX</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the C++ compiler
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CPP'><filename>CPP</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the C preprocessor
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-AS'><filename>AS</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the assembler
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LD'><filename>LD</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the linker
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-GDB'><filename>GDB</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run the GNU Debugger
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-STRIP'><filename>STRIP</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'strip', which strips symbols
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RANLIB'><filename>RANLIB</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'ranlib'
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-OBJCOPY'><filename>OBJCOPY</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'objcopy'
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-OBJDUMP'><filename>OBJDUMP</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'objdump'
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-AR'><filename>AR</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'ar'
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-NM'><filename>NM</filename></ulink> - The minimal command and arguments to run 'nm'
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TARGET_PREFIX'><filename>TARGET_PREFIX</filename></ulink> - The toolchain binary prefix for the target tools
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CROSS_COMPILE'><filename>CROSS_COMPILE</filename></ulink> - The toolchain binary prefix for the target tools
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CONFIGURE_FLAGS'><filename>CONFIGURE_FLAGS</filename></ulink> - The minimal arguments for GNU configure
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CFLAGS'><filename>CFLAGS</filename></ulink> - Suggested C flags
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CXXFLAGS'><filename>CXXFLAGS</filename></ulink> - Suggested C++ flags
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LDFLAGS'><filename>LDFLAGS</filename></ulink> - Suggested linker flags when you use CC to link
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CPPFLAGS'><filename>CPPFLAGS</filename></ulink> - Suggested preprocessor flags
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='securing-kernel-and-filesystem-images'>
+ <title>Securing Kernel and Filesystem Images</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You will need to have a kernel and filesystem image to boot using your
+ hardware or the QEMU emulator.
+ Furthermore, if you plan on booting your image using NFS or you want to use the root filesystem
+ as the target sysroot, you need to extract the root filesystem.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='getting-the-images'>
+ <title>Getting the Images</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To get the kernel and filesystem images, you either have to build them or download
+ pre-built versions.
+ For an example of how to build these images, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#qs-buiding-images'>Buiding Images</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Quick Start.
+ For an example of downloading pre-build versions, see the
+ "<link linkend='using-pre-built'>Example Using Pre-Built Binaries and QEMU</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project ships basic kernel and filesystem images for several
+ architectures (<filename>x86</filename>, <filename>x86-64</filename>,
+ <filename>mips</filename>, <filename>powerpc</filename>, and <filename>arm</filename>)
+ that you can use unaltered in the QEMU emulator.
+ These kernel images reside in the release
+ area - <ulink url='&YOCTO_MACHINES_DL_URL;'></ulink>
+ and are ideal for experimentation using Yocto Project.
+ For information on the image types you can build using the OpenEmbedded build system,
+ see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
+ chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are planning on developing against your image and you are not
+ building or using one of the Yocto Project development images
+ (e.g. <filename>core-image-*-dev</filename>), you must be sure to
+ include the development packages as part of your image recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you plan on remotely deploying and debugging your
+ application from within the Eclipse IDE, you must have an image
+ that contains the Yocto Target Communication Framework (TCF) agent
+ (<filename>tcf-agent</filename>).
+ You can do this by including the <filename>eclipse-debug</filename>
+ image feature.
+ <note>
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-features-image'>Image Features</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for information on
+ image features.
+ </note>
+ To include the <filename>eclipse-debug</filename> image feature,
+ modify your <filename>local.conf</filename> file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ so that the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ variable includes the "eclipse-debug" feature.
+ After modifying the configuration file, you can rebuild the image.
+ Once the image is rebuilt, the <filename>tcf-agent</filename>
+ will be included in the image and is launched automatically after
+ the boot.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>
+ <title>Extracting the Root Filesystem</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you install your toolchain by hand or build it using BitBake and
+ you need a root filesystem, you need to extract it separately.
+ If you use the ADT Installer to install the ADT, the root
+ filesystem is automatically extracted and installed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some cases where you need to extract the root filesystem:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>You want to boot the image using NFS.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You want to use the root filesystem as the
+ target sysroot.
+ For example, the Eclipse IDE environment with the Eclipse
+ Yocto Plug-in installed allows you to use QEMU to boot
+ under NFS.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You want to develop your target application
+ using the root filesystem as the target sysroot.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To extract the root filesystem, first <filename>source</filename>
+ the cross-development environment setup script to establish
+ necessary environment variables.
+ If you built the toolchain in the Build Directory, you will find
+ the toolchain environment script in the
+ <filename>tmp</filename> directory.
+ If you installed the toolchain by hand, the environment setup
+ script is located in <filename>/opt/poky/&DISTRO;</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ After sourcing the environment script, use the
+ <filename>runqemu-extract-sdk</filename> command and provide the
+ filesystem image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is an example.
+ The second command sets up the environment.
+ In this case, the setup script is located in the
+ <filename>/opt/poky/&DISTRO;</filename> directory.
+ The third command extracts the root filesystem from a previously
+ built filesystem that is located in the
+ <filename>~/Downloads</filename> directory.
+ Furthermore, this command extracts the root filesystem into the
+ <filename>qemux86-sato</filename> directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~
+ $ source /opt/poky/&DISTRO;/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
+ $ runqemu-extract-sdk \
+ ~/Downloads/core-image-sato-sdk-qemux86-2011091411831.rootfs.tar.bz2 \
+ $HOME/qemux86-sato
+ </literallayout>
+ You could now point to the target sysroot at
+ <filename>qemux86-sato</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='optionally-building-a-toolchain-installer'>
+ <title>Optionally Building a Toolchain Installer</title>
+
+ <para>
+ As an alternative to locating and downloading a toolchain installer,
+ you can build the toolchain installer if you have a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ <note>
+ Although not the preferred method, it is also possible to use
+ <filename>bitbake meta-toolchain</filename> to build the toolchain
+ installer.
+ If you do use this method, you must separately install and extract
+ the target sysroot.
+ For information on how to install the sysroot, see the
+ "<link linkend='extracting-the-root-filesystem'>Extracting the Root Filesystem</link>"
+ section.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To build the toolchain installer and populate the SDK image, use the
+ following command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake <replaceable>image</replaceable> -c populate_sdk
+ </literallayout>
+ The command results in a toolchain installer that contains the sysroot
+ that matches your target root filesystem.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Another powerful feature is that the toolchain is completely
+ self-contained.
+ The binaries are linked against their own copy of
+ <filename>libc</filename>, which results in no dependencies
+ on the target system.
+ To achieve this, the pointer to the dynamic loader is
+ configured at install time since that path cannot be dynamically
+ altered.
+ This is the reason for a wrapper around the
+ <filename>populate_sdk</filename> archive.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Another feature is that only one set of cross-canadian toolchain
+ binaries are produced per architecture.
+ This feature takes advantage of the fact that the target hardware can
+ be passed to <filename>gcc</filename> as a set of compiler options.
+ Those options are set up by the environment script and contained in
+ variables such as
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CC'><filename>CC</filename></ulink>
+ and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LD'><filename>LD</filename></ulink>.
+ This reduces the space needed for the tools.
+ Understand, however, that a sysroot is still needed for every target
+ since those binaries are target-specific.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Remember, before using any BitBake command, you
+ must source the build environment setup script
+ (i.e.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>)
+ located in the Source Directory and you must make sure your
+ <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> variables are correct.
+ In particular, you need to be sure the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ variable matches the architecture for which you are building and that
+ the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ variable is correctly set if you are building a toolchain designed to
+ run on an architecture that differs from your current development host
+ machine (i.e. the build machine).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When the <filename>bitbake</filename> command completes, the toolchain
+ installer will be in
+ <filename>tmp/deploy/sdk</filename> in the Build Directory.
+ <note>
+ By default, this toolchain does not build static binaries.
+ If you want to use the toolchain to build these types of libraries,
+ you need to be sure your image has the appropriate static
+ development libraries.
+ Use the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename></ulink>
+ variable inside your <filename>local.conf</filename> file to
+ install the appropriate library packages.
+ Following is an example using <filename>glibc</filename> static
+ development libraries:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " glibc-staticdev"
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='optionally-using-an-external-toolchain'>
+ <title>Optionally Using an External Toolchain</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You might want to use an external toolchain as part of your
+ development.
+ If this is the case, the fundamental steps you need to accomplish
+ are as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Understand where the installed toolchain resides.
+ For cases where you need to build the external toolchain, you
+ would need to take separate steps to build and install the
+ toolchain.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Make sure you add the layer that contains the toolchain to
+ your <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file through the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBLAYERS'><filename>BBLAYERS</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAIN'><filename>EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAIN</filename></ulink>
+ variable in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file
+ to the location in which you installed the toolchain.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ A good example of an external toolchain used with the Yocto Project
+ is <trademark class='registered'>Mentor Graphics</trademark>
+ Sourcery G++ Toolchain.
+ You can see information on how to use that particular layer in the
+ <filename>README</filename> file at
+ <ulink url='http://github.com/MentorEmbedded/meta-sourcery/'></ulink>.
+ You can find further information by reading about the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TCMODE'><filename>TCMODE</filename></ulink>
+ variable in the Yocto Project Reference Manual's variable glossary.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+ <section id='using-pre-built'>
+ <title>Example Using Pre-Built Binaries and QEMU</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If hardware, libraries and services are stable, you can get started by using a pre-built binary
+ of the filesystem image, kernel, and toolchain and run it using the QEMU emulator.
+ This scenario is useful for developing application software.
+ </para>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/using-a-pre-built-image.png" format="PNG" align='center' scalefit='1'/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <caption>
+ <para>Using a Pre-Built Image</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ <para>
+ For this scenario, you need to do several things:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Install the appropriate stand-alone toolchain tarball.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Download the pre-built image that will boot with QEMU.
+ You need to be sure to get the QEMU image that matches your target machine’s
+ architecture (e.g. x86, ARM, etc.).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Download the filesystem image for your target machine's architecture.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Set up the environment to emulate the hardware and then start the QEMU emulator.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <section id='installing-the-toolchain'>
+ <title>Installing the Toolchain</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can download a tarball installer, which includes the
+ pre-built toolchain, the <filename>runqemu</filename>
+ script, and support files from the appropriate directory under
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_TOOLCHAIN_DL_URL;'></ulink>.
+ Toolchains are available for 32-bit and 64-bit x86 development
+ systems from the <filename>i686</filename> and
+ <filename>x86_64</filename> directories, respectively.
+ The toolchains the Yocto Project provides are based off the
+ <filename>core-image-sato</filename> image and contain
+ libraries appropriate for developing against that image.
+ Each type of development system supports five or more target
+ architectures.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The names of the tarball installer scripts are such that a
+ string representing the host system appears first in the
+ filename and then is immediately followed by a string
+ representing the target architecture.
+ </para>
+
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ poky-glibc-<replaceable>host_system</replaceable>-<replaceable>image_type</replaceable>-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-toolchain-<replaceable>release_version</replaceable>.sh
+
+ Where:
+ <replaceable>host_system</replaceable> is a string representing your development system:
+
+ i686 or x86_64.
+
+ <replaceable>image_type</replaceable> is a string representing the image you wish to
+ develop a Software Development Toolkit (SDK) for use against.
+ The Yocto Project builds toolchain installers using the
+ following BitBake command:
+
+ bitbake core-image-sato -c populate_sdk
+
+ <replaceable>arch</replaceable> is a string representing the tuned target architecture:
+
+ i586, x86_64, powerpc, mips, armv7a or armv5te
+
+ <replaceable>release_version</replaceable> is a string representing the release number of the
+ Yocto Project:
+
+ &DISTRO;, &DISTRO;+snapshot
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, the following toolchain installer is for a 64-bit
+ development host system and a i586-tuned target architecture
+ based off the SDK for <filename>core-image-sato</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ poky-glibc-x86_64-core-image-sato-i586-toolchain-&DISTRO;.sh
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Toolchains are self-contained and by default are installed into
+ <filename>/opt/poky</filename>.
+ However, when you run the toolchain installer, you can choose an
+ installation directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following command shows how to run the installer given a toolchain tarball
+ for a 64-bit x86 development host system and a 32-bit x86 target architecture.
+ You must change the permissions on the toolchain
+ installer script so that it is executable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The example assumes the toolchain installer is located in <filename>~/Downloads/</filename>.
+ <note>
+ If you do not have write permissions for the directory into which you are installing
+ the toolchain, the toolchain installer notifies you and exits.
+ Be sure you have write permissions in the directory and run the installer again.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ~/Downloads/poky-glibc-x86_64-core-image-sato-i586-toolchain-&DISTRO;.sh
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on how to install tarballs, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-an-existing-toolchain-tarball'>Using a Cross-Toolchain Tarball</ulink>" and
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-toolchain-from-within-the-build-tree'>Using BitBake and the Build Directory</ulink>" sections in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='downloading-the-pre-built-linux-kernel'>
+ <title>Downloading the Pre-Built Linux Kernel</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can download the pre-built Linux kernel suitable for running in the QEMU emulator from
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_QEMU_DL_URL;'></ulink>.
+ Be sure to use the kernel that matches the architecture you want to simulate.
+ Download areas exist for the five supported machine architectures:
+ <filename>qemuarm</filename>, <filename>qemumips</filename>, <filename>qemuppc</filename>,
+ <filename>qemux86</filename>, and <filename>qemux86-64</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Most kernel files have one of the following forms:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ *zImage-qemu<replaceable>arch</replaceable>.bin
+ vmlinux-qemu<replaceable>arch</replaceable>.bin
+
+ Where:
+ <replaceable>arch</replaceable> is a string representing the target architecture:
+ x86, x86-64, ppc, mips, or arm.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can learn more about downloading a Yocto Project kernel in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</ulink>"
+ bulleted item in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='downloading-the-filesystem'>
+ <title>Downloading the Filesystem</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can also download the filesystem image suitable for your target architecture from
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_QEMU_DL_URL;'></ulink>.
+ Again, be sure to use the filesystem that matches the architecture you want
+ to simulate.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The filesystem image has two tarball forms: <filename>ext3</filename> and
+ <filename>tar</filename>.
+ You must use the <filename>ext3</filename> form when booting an image using the
+ QEMU emulator.
+ The <filename>tar</filename> form can be flattened out in your host development system
+ and used for build purposes with the Yocto Project.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ core-image-<replaceable>profile</replaceable>-qemu<replaceable>arch</replaceable>.ext3
+ core-image-<replaceable>profile</replaceable>-qemu<replaceable>arch</replaceable>.tar.bz2
+
+ Where:
+ <replaceable>profile</replaceable> is the filesystem image's profile:
+ lsb, lsb-dev, lsb-sdk, lsb-qt3, minimal, minimal-dev, sato,
+ sato-dev, or sato-sdk. For information on these types of image
+ profiles, see the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
+ chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+
+ <replaceable>arch</replaceable> is a string representing the target architecture:
+ x86, x86-64, ppc, mips, or arm.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='setting-up-the-environment-and-starting-the-qemu-emulator'>
+ <title>Setting Up the Environment and Starting the QEMU Emulator</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Before you start the QEMU emulator, you need to set up the emulation environment.
+ The following command form sets up the emulation environment.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source &YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR;/environment-setup-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-poky-linux-<replaceable>if</replaceable>
+
+ Where:
+ <replaceable>arch</replaceable> is a string representing the target architecture:
+ i586, x86_64, ppc603e, mips, or armv5te.
+
+ <replaceable>if</replaceable> is a string representing an embedded application binary interface.
+ Not all setup scripts include this string.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, this command form invokes the QEMU emulator
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ runqemu <replaceable>qemuarch</replaceable> <replaceable>kernel-image</replaceable> <replaceable>filesystem-image</replaceable>
+
+ Where:
+ <replaceable>qemuarch</replaceable> is a string representing the target architecture: qemux86, qemux86-64,
+ qemuppc, qemumips, or qemuarm.
+
+ <replaceable>kernel-image</replaceable> is the architecture-specific kernel image.
+
+ <replaceable>filesystem-image</replaceable> is the .ext3 filesystem image.
+
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Continuing with the example, the following two commands setup the emulation
+ environment and launch QEMU.
+ This example assumes the root filesystem (<filename>.ext3</filename> file) and
+ the pre-built kernel image file both reside in your home directory.
+ The kernel and filesystem are for a 32-bit target architecture.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd $HOME
+ $ source &YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR;/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
+ $ runqemu qemux86 bzImage-qemux86.bin \
+ core-image-sato-qemux86.ext3
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The environment in which QEMU launches varies depending on the filesystem image and on the
+ target architecture.
+ For example, if you source the environment for the ARM target
+ architecture and then boot the minimal QEMU image, the emulator comes up in a new
+ shell in command-line mode.
+ However, if you boot the SDK image, QEMU comes up with a GUI.
+ <note>Booting the PPC image results in QEMU launching in the same shell in
+ command-line mode.</note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/adt-manual/adt-style.css b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d722ad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/adt-manual/adt-style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+/*
+ Generic XHTML / DocBook XHTML CSS Stylesheet.
+
+ Browser wrangling and typographic design by
+ Oyvind Kolas / pippin@gimp.org
+
+ Customised for Poky by
+ Matthew Allum / mallum@o-hand.com
+
+ Thanks to:
+ Liam R. E. Quin
+ William Skaggs
+ Jakub Steiner
+
+ Structure
+ ---------
+
+ The stylesheet is divided into the following sections:
+
+ Positioning
+ Margins, paddings, width, font-size, clearing.
+ Decorations
+ Borders, style
+ Colors
+ Colors
+ Graphics
+ Graphical backgrounds
+ Nasty IE tweaks
+ Workarounds needed to make it work in internet explorer,
+ currently makes the stylesheet non validating, but up until
+ this point it is validating.
+ Mozilla extensions
+ Transparency for footer
+ Rounded corners on boxes
+
+*/
+
+
+ /*************** /
+ / Positioning /
+/ ***************/
+
+body {
+ font-family: Verdana, Sans, sans-serif;
+
+ min-width: 640px;
+ width: 80%;
+ margin: 0em auto;
+ padding: 2em 5em 5em 5em;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h7 {
+ font-family: Arial, Sans;
+ color: #00557D;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+h1 {
+ font-size: 2em;
+ text-align: left;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ margin: 2em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ margin: 0.10em 0em 3.0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.8em;
+ padding-left: 20%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ margin: 2em 0em 0.66em 0em;
+ padding: 0.5em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.5em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h3.subtitle {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 142.14%;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 140%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 120%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h6 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.authorgroup {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ padding-top: 256px;
+ background-image: url("figures/adt-title.png");
+ background-position: left top;
+ margin-top: -256px;
+ padding-right: 50px;
+ margin-left: 0px;
+ text-align: right;
+ width: 740px;
+}
+
+h3.author {
+ margin: 0em 0me 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ color: #333;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.author tt.email {
+ font-size: 66%;
+}
+
+.titlepage hr {
+ width: 0em;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.revhistory {
+ padding-top: 2em;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.toc,
+.list-of-tables,
+.list-of-examples,
+.list-of-figures {
+ padding: 1.33em 0em 2.5em 0em;
+ color: #00557D;
+}
+
+.toc p,
+.list-of-tables p,
+.list-of-figures p,
+.list-of-examples p {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0.3em;
+ margin: 1.5em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc p b,
+.list-of-tables p b,
+.list-of-figures p b,
+.list-of-examples p b{
+ font-size: 100.0%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.toc dl,
+.list-of-tables dl,
+.list-of-figures dl,
+.list-of-examples dl {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc dt {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc dd {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 2.6em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+div.glossary dl,
+div.variablelist dl {
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ width: 20em;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+.variablelist dl dt {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dd,
+.variablelist dl dd {
+ margin-top: -1em;
+ margin-left: 25.5em;
+}
+
+.glossary dd p,
+.variablelist dd p {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+
+div.calloutlist table td {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+div.calloutlist table td p {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+div p.copyright {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+div.legalnotice p.legalnotice-title {
+ margin-bottom: 0em;
+}
+
+p {
+ line-height: 1.5em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+
+}
+
+dl {
+ padding-top: 0em;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border: solid 1px;
+}
+
+
+.mediaobject,
+.mediaobjectco {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+img {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+ul {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 1.5em;
+}
+
+ul li {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+ul li p {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+table {
+ width :100%;
+}
+
+th {
+ padding: 0.25em;
+ text-align: left;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+td {
+ padding: 0.25em;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+p a[id] {
+ margin: 0px;
+ padding: 0px;
+ display: inline;
+ background-image: none;
+}
+
+a {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+pre {
+ overflow: auto;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ /*font-weight: bold;*/
+}
+
+/* This style defines how the permalink character
+ appears by itself and when hovered over with
+ the mouse. */
+
+[alt='Permalink'] { color: #eee; }
+[alt='Permalink']:hover { color: black; }
+
+
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informalexample,
+div.informaltable,
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example {
+ margin: 1em 0em;
+ padding: 1em;
+ page-break-inside: avoid;
+}
+
+
+div.informalfigure p.title b,
+div.informalexample p.title b,
+div.informaltable p.title b,
+div.figure p.title b,
+div.example p.title b,
+div.table p.title b{
+ padding-top: 0em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+.mediaobject .caption,
+.mediaobject .caption p {
+ text-align: center;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+ padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.epigraph {
+ padding-left: 55%;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+.epigraph p {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.epigraph .quote {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+.epigraph .attribution {
+ font-style: normal;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+span.application {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.programlisting {
+ font-family: monospace;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ white-space: pre;
+ margin: 1.33em 0em;
+ padding: 1.33em;
+}
+
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ margin-top: 1em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+
+}
+
+/* force full width of table within div */
+.tip table,
+.warning table,
+.caution table,
+.note table {
+ border: none;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ padding: 0.8em 0.0em 0.0em 0.0em;
+ margin : 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.tip p,
+.warning p,
+.caution p,
+.note p {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+ padding-right: 1em;
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.acronym {
+ text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ padding: 0.09em 0.3em;
+ margin: 0em;
+}
+
+.itemizedlist li {
+ clear: none;
+}
+
+.filename {
+ font-size: medium;
+ font-family: Courier, monospace;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ position: absolute;
+ left: 0em;
+ top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+ background-color: #cdf;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ position: fixed;
+ left: 0em;
+ bottom: 0em;
+ background-color: #eee;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader td,
+div.navfooter td {
+ font-size: 66%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table th {
+ /*font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;*/
+ /*font-size: x-large;*/
+ font-size: 80%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-bottom: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a,
+div.navfooter table td a {
+ color: #777;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/* normal text in the footer */
+div.navfooter table td {
+ color: black;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a:visited,
+div.navfooter table td a:visited {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+
+/* links in header and footer */
+div.navheader table td a:hover,
+div.navfooter table td a:hover {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ background-color: transparent;
+ color: #33a;
+}
+
+div.navheader hr,
+div.navfooter hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+.qandaset tr.question td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.qandaset tr.answer td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+.answer td {
+ padding-bottom: 1.5em;
+}
+
+.emphasis {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+ /************* /
+ / decorations /
+/ *************/
+
+.titlepage {
+}
+
+.part .title {
+}
+
+.subtitle {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+/*
+h1 {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ border-top: solid 0.2em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ border-top: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ border: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+*/
+
+.programlisting {
+ border: solid 1px;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample,
+div.example {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ border-bottom: 1px solid;
+}
+
+.question td {
+ border-top: 1px solid black;
+}
+
+.answer {
+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ border-bottom: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ border-top: 1px solid;
+}
+
+ /********* /
+ / colors /
+/ *********/
+
+body {
+ color: #333;
+ background: white;
+}
+
+a {
+ background: transparent;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+ background-color: #dedede;
+}
+
+
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7,
+h8 {
+ background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+
+.tip, .warning, .caution, .note {
+ border-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ border-bottom-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.warning {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.caution {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.tip {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.note {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ color: #044;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+pre.programlisting {
+ color: black;
+ background-color: #fff;
+ border-color: #aaa;
+ border-width: 2px;
+}
+
+.guimenu,
+.guilabel,
+.guimenuitem {
+ background-color: #eee;
+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ background-color: #eee;
+ border-color: #999;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+ /*********** /
+ / graphics /
+/ ***********/
+
+/*
+body {
+ background-image: url("images/body_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.navheader,
+.note,
+.tip {
+ background-image: url("images/note_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.warning,
+.caution {
+ background-image: url("images/warning_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.figure,
+.informalfigure,
+.example,
+.informalexample,
+.table,
+.informaltable {
+ background-image: url("images/figure_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+*/
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7{
+}
+
+/*
+Example of how to stick an image as part of the title.
+
+div.article .titlepage .title
+{
+ background-image: url("figures/white-on-black.png");
+ background-position: center;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+}
+*/
+
+div.preface .titlepage .title,
+div.colophon .title,
+div.chapter .titlepage .title,
+div.article .titlepage .title
+{
+}
+
+div.section div.section .titlepage .title,
+div.sect2 .titlepage .title {
+ background: none;
+}
+
+
+h1.title {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ height: 256px;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+ width: 0px;
+ display: none;
+}
+
+ /*************************************** /
+ / pippin.gimp.org specific alterations /
+/ ***************************************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ color: #777;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding: 0;
+ margin: 0;
+ text-align: left;
+ position: absolute;
+ top: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+ width: 100%;
+ height: 50px;
+ background: url('/gfx/heading_bg.png') transparent;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+ border: none;
+}
+
+div.heading a {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ border: none;
+ color: #ddd;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ text-align:right;
+
+ width: 100%;
+ padding-top: 10px;
+ position: absolute;
+ bottom: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+
+ background: url('/gfx/footing_bg.png') transparent;
+}
+*/
+
+
+
+ /****************** /
+ / nasty ie tweaks /
+/ ******************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+ margin-left:expression("-5em");
+}
+body {
+ padding:expression("4em 5em 0em 5em");
+}
+*/
+
+ /**************************************** /
+ / mozilla vendor specific css extensions /
+/ ****************************************/
+/*
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ -moz-opacity: 0.8em;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample,
+div.example,
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.5em;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.3em;
+}
+*/
+
+table tr td table tr td {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+table {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+
+ .photo {
+ float: right;
+ margin-left: 1.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ max-width: 17em;
+ border: 1px solid gray;
+ padding: 3px;
+ background: white;
+}
+ .seperator {
+ padding-top: 2em;
+ clear: both;
+ }
+
+ #validators {
+ margin-top: 5em;
+ text-align: right;
+ color: #777;
+ }
+ @media print {
+ body {
+ font-size: 8pt;
+ }
+ .noprint {
+ display: none;
+ }
+ }
+
+
+.tip,
+.note {
+ background: #f0f0f2;
+ color: #333;
+ padding: 20px;
+ margin: 20px;
+}
+
+.tip h3,
+.note h3 {
+ padding: 0em;
+ margin: 0em;
+ font-size: 2em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+.tip a,
+.note a {
+ color: #333;
+ text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.footnote {
+ font-size: small;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+/* Changes the announcement text */
+.tip h3,
+.warning h3,
+.caution h3,
+.note h3 {
+ font-size:large;
+ color: #00557D;
+}
diff --git a/documentation/adt-manual/figures/adt-title.png b/documentation/adt-manual/figures/adt-title.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e71e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/adt-manual/figures/adt-title.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/documentation/adt-manual/figures/using-a-pre-built-image.png b/documentation/adt-manual/figures/using-a-pre-built-image.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b03130d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/adt-manual/figures/using-a-pre-built-image.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-guide-customization.xsl b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-guide-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de674a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-guide-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:include href="../template/permalinks.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/section.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/component.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/division.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/formal.object.heading.xsl"/>
+
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'bsp-style.css'" />
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel" select="A" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="generate.id.attributes" select="1" />
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-guide-eclipse-customization.xsl b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-guide-eclipse-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35346ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-guide-eclipse-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
+ version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import
+ href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:param name="chunker.output.indent" select="'yes'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.quietly" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.first.sections" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.section.depth" select="10"/>
+ <xsl:param name="use.id.as.filename" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="ulink.target" select="'_self'" />
+ <xsl:param name="base.dir" select="'html/bsp-guide/'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'../book.css'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="eclipse.manifest" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="create.plugin.xml" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="suppress.navigation" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="generate.index" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-guide.xml b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-guide.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5477ca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-guide.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<book id='bsp-guide' lang='en'
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
+ xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ >
+ <bookinfo>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref='figures/bsp-title.png'
+ format='SVG'
+ align='center' scalefit='1' width='100%'/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ <title>
+ Yocto Project Board Support Package Developer's Guide
+ </title>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Tom</firstname> <surname>Zanussi</surname>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>Intel Corporation</orgname>
+ </affiliation>
+ <email>tom.zanussi@intel.com</email>
+ </author>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Richard</firstname> <surname>Purdie</surname>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>Linux Foundation</orgname>
+ </affiliation>
+ <email>richard.purdie@linuxfoundation.org</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+
+ <revhistory>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>0.9</revnumber>
+ <date>24 November 2010</date>
+ <revremark>The initial document draft released with the Yocto Project 0.9 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
+ <date>6 April 2011</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.0 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0.1</revnumber>
+ <date>23 May 2011</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.0.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.1</revnumber>
+ <date>6 October 2011</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.2</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2012</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.2 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.3</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2012</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.3 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.4</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.4 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5.1</revnumber>
+ <date>January 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.6</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.6 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.7</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.7 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.8</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.8 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.9</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.9 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>©RIGHT_YEAR;</year>
+ <holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <legalnotice>
+ <para>
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
+ the terms of the <ulink type="http" url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/">Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales</ulink> as published by Creative Commons.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ For the latest version of this manual associated with this
+ Yocto Project release, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;'>Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>
+ from the Yocto Project website.
+ </note>
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ </bookinfo>
+
+ <xi:include href="bsp.xml"/>
+
+<!-- <index id='index'>
+ <title>Index</title>
+ </index>
+-->
+
+</book>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-style.css b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e407ca4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp-style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+/*
+ Generic XHTML / DocBook XHTML CSS Stylesheet.
+
+ Browser wrangling and typographic design by
+ Oyvind Kolas / pippin@gimp.org
+
+ Customised for Poky by
+ Matthew Allum / mallum@o-hand.com
+
+ Thanks to:
+ Liam R. E. Quin
+ William Skaggs
+ Jakub Steiner
+
+ Structure
+ ---------
+
+ The stylesheet is divided into the following sections:
+
+ Positioning
+ Margins, paddings, width, font-size, clearing.
+ Decorations
+ Borders, style
+ Colors
+ Colors
+ Graphics
+ Graphical backgrounds
+ Nasty IE tweaks
+ Workarounds needed to make it work in internet explorer,
+ currently makes the stylesheet non validating, but up until
+ this point it is validating.
+ Mozilla extensions
+ Transparency for footer
+ Rounded corners on boxes
+
+*/
+
+
+ /*************** /
+ / Positioning /
+/ ***************/
+
+body {
+ font-family: Verdana, Sans, sans-serif;
+
+ min-width: 640px;
+ width: 80%;
+ margin: 0em auto;
+ padding: 2em 5em 5em 5em;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h7 {
+ font-family: Arial, Sans;
+ color: #00557D;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+h1 {
+ font-size: 2em;
+ text-align: left;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ margin: 2em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ margin: 0.10em 0em 3.0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.8em;
+ padding-left: 20%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ margin: 2em 0em 0.66em 0em;
+ padding: 0.5em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.5em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h3.subtitle {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 142.14%;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 140%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 120%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h6 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.authorgroup {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ padding-top: 256px;
+ background-image: url("figures/bsp-title.png");
+ background-position: left top;
+ margin-top: -256px;
+ padding-right: 50px;
+ margin-left: 0px;
+ text-align: right;
+ width: 740px;
+}
+
+h3.author {
+ margin: 0em 0me 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ color: #333;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.author tt.email {
+ font-size: 66%;
+}
+
+.titlepage hr {
+ width: 0em;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.revhistory {
+ padding-top: 2em;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.toc,
+.list-of-tables,
+.list-of-examples,
+.list-of-figures {
+ padding: 1.33em 0em 2.5em 0em;
+ color: #00557D;
+}
+
+.toc p,
+.list-of-tables p,
+.list-of-figures p,
+.list-of-examples p {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0.3em;
+ margin: 1.5em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc p b,
+.list-of-tables p b,
+.list-of-figures p b,
+.list-of-examples p b{
+ font-size: 100.0%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.toc dl,
+.list-of-tables dl,
+.list-of-figures dl,
+.list-of-examples dl {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc dt {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc dd {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 2.6em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+div.glossary dl,
+div.variablelist dl {
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ width: 20em;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+.variablelist dl dt {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dd,
+.variablelist dl dd {
+ margin-top: -1em;
+ margin-left: 25.5em;
+}
+
+.glossary dd p,
+.variablelist dd p {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+
+div.calloutlist table td {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+div.calloutlist table td p {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+div p.copyright {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+div.legalnotice p.legalnotice-title {
+ margin-bottom: 0em;
+}
+
+p {
+ line-height: 1.5em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+
+}
+
+dl {
+ padding-top: 0em;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border: solid 1px;
+}
+
+
+.mediaobject,
+.mediaobjectco {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+img {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+ul {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 1.5em;
+}
+
+ul li {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+ul li p {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+table {
+ width :100%;
+}
+
+th {
+ padding: 0.25em;
+ text-align: left;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+td {
+ padding: 0.25em;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+p a[id] {
+ margin: 0px;
+ padding: 0px;
+ display: inline;
+ background-image: none;
+}
+
+a {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+pre {
+ overflow: auto;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ /*font-weight: bold;*/
+}
+
+/* This style defines how the permalink character
+ appears by itself and when hovered over with
+ the mouse. */
+
+[alt='Permalink'] { color: #eee; }
+[alt='Permalink']:hover { color: black; }
+
+
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informalexample,
+div.informaltable,
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example {
+ margin: 1em 0em;
+ padding: 1em;
+ page-break-inside: avoid;
+}
+
+
+div.informalfigure p.title b,
+div.informalexample p.title b,
+div.informaltable p.title b,
+div.figure p.title b,
+div.example p.title b,
+div.table p.title b{
+ padding-top: 0em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+.mediaobject .caption,
+.mediaobject .caption p {
+ text-align: center;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+ padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.epigraph {
+ padding-left: 55%;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+.epigraph p {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.epigraph .quote {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+.epigraph .attribution {
+ font-style: normal;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+span.application {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.programlisting {
+ font-family: monospace;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ white-space: pre;
+ margin: 1.33em 0em;
+ padding: 1.33em;
+}
+
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ margin-top: 1em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+
+}
+
+/* force full width of table within div */
+.tip table,
+.warning table,
+.caution table,
+.note table {
+ border: none;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ padding: 0.8em 0.0em 0.0em 0.0em;
+ margin : 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.tip p,
+.warning p,
+.caution p,
+.note p {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+ padding-right: 1em;
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.acronym {
+ text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ padding: 0.09em 0.3em;
+ margin: 0em;
+}
+
+.itemizedlist li {
+ clear: none;
+}
+
+.filename {
+ font-size: medium;
+ font-family: Courier, monospace;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ position: absolute;
+ left: 0em;
+ top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+ background-color: #cdf;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ position: fixed;
+ left: 0em;
+ bottom: 0em;
+ background-color: #eee;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader td,
+div.navfooter td {
+ font-size: 66%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table th {
+ /*font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;*/
+ /*font-size: x-large;*/
+ font-size: 80%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-bottom: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a,
+div.navfooter table td a {
+ color: #777;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/* normal text in the footer */
+div.navfooter table td {
+ color: black;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a:visited,
+div.navfooter table td a:visited {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+
+/* links in header and footer */
+div.navheader table td a:hover,
+div.navfooter table td a:hover {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ background-color: transparent;
+ color: #33a;
+}
+
+div.navheader hr,
+div.navfooter hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+.qandaset tr.question td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.qandaset tr.answer td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+.answer td {
+ padding-bottom: 1.5em;
+}
+
+.emphasis {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+ /************* /
+ / decorations /
+/ *************/
+
+.titlepage {
+}
+
+.part .title {
+}
+
+.subtitle {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+/*
+h1 {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ border-top: solid 0.2em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ border-top: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ border: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+*/
+
+.programlisting {
+ border: solid 1px;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample,
+div.example {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ border-bottom: 1px solid;
+}
+
+.question td {
+ border-top: 1px solid black;
+}
+
+.answer {
+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ border-bottom: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ border-top: 1px solid;
+}
+
+ /********* /
+ / colors /
+/ *********/
+
+body {
+ color: #333;
+ background: white;
+}
+
+a {
+ background: transparent;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+ background-color: #dedede;
+}
+
+
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7,
+h8 {
+ background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+
+.tip, .warning, .caution, .note {
+ border-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ border-bottom-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.warning {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.caution {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.tip {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.note {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ color: #044;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+pre.programlisting {
+ color: black;
+ background-color: #fff;
+ border-color: #aaa;
+ border-width: 2px;
+}
+
+.guimenu,
+.guilabel,
+.guimenuitem {
+ background-color: #eee;
+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ background-color: #eee;
+ border-color: #999;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+ /*********** /
+ / graphics /
+/ ***********/
+
+/*
+body {
+ background-image: url("images/body_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.navheader,
+.note,
+.tip {
+ background-image: url("images/note_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.warning,
+.caution {
+ background-image: url("images/warning_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.figure,
+.informalfigure,
+.example,
+.informalexample,
+.table,
+.informaltable {
+ background-image: url("images/figure_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+*/
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7{
+}
+
+/*
+Example of how to stick an image as part of the title.
+
+div.article .titlepage .title
+{
+ background-image: url("figures/white-on-black.png");
+ background-position: center;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+}
+*/
+
+div.preface .titlepage .title,
+div.colophon .title,
+div.chapter .titlepage .title {
+ background-position: bottom;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+}
+
+div.section div.section .titlepage .title,
+div.sect2 .titlepage .title {
+ background: none;
+}
+
+
+h1.title {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ height: 256px;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+ width: 0px;
+ display: none;
+}
+
+ /*************************************** /
+ / pippin.gimp.org specific alterations /
+/ ***************************************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ color: #777;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding: 0;
+ margin: 0;
+ text-align: left;
+ position: absolute;
+ top: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+ width: 100%;
+ height: 50px;
+ background: url('/gfx/heading_bg.png') transparent;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+ border: none;
+}
+
+div.heading a {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ border: none;
+ color: #ddd;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ text-align:right;
+
+ width: 100%;
+ padding-top: 10px;
+ position: absolute;
+ bottom: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+
+ background: url('/gfx/footing_bg.png') transparent;
+}
+*/
+
+
+
+ /****************** /
+ / nasty ie tweaks /
+/ ******************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+ margin-left:expression("-5em");
+}
+body {
+ padding:expression("4em 5em 0em 5em");
+}
+*/
+
+ /**************************************** /
+ / mozilla vendor specific css extensions /
+/ ****************************************/
+/*
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ -moz-opacity: 0.8em;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample,
+div.example,
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.5em;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.3em;
+}
+*/
+
+table tr td table tr td {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+table {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+
+ .photo {
+ float: right;
+ margin-left: 1.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ max-width: 17em;
+ border: 1px solid gray;
+ padding: 3px;
+ background: white;
+}
+ .seperator {
+ padding-top: 2em;
+ clear: both;
+ }
+
+ #validators {
+ margin-top: 5em;
+ text-align: right;
+ color: #777;
+ }
+ @media print {
+ body {
+ font-size: 8pt;
+ }
+ .noprint {
+ display: none;
+ }
+ }
+
+
+.tip,
+.note {
+ background: #f0f0f2;
+ color: #333;
+ padding: 20px;
+ margin: 20px;
+}
+
+.tip h3,
+.note h3 {
+ padding: 0em;
+ margin: 0em;
+ font-size: 2em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+.tip a,
+.note a {
+ color: #333;
+ text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.footnote {
+ font-size: small;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+/* Changes the announcement text */
+.tip h3,
+.warning h3,
+.caution h3,
+.note h3 {
+ font-size:large;
+ color: #00557D;
+}
diff --git a/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp.xml b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec39ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/bsp-guide/bsp.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1558 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='bsp'>
+
+ <title>Board Support Packages (BSP) - Developer's Guide</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A Board Support Package (BSP) is a collection of information that
+ defines how to support a particular hardware device, set of devices, or
+ hardware platform.
+ The BSP includes information about the hardware features
+ present on the device and kernel configuration information along with any
+ additional hardware drivers required.
+ The BSP also lists any additional software
+ components required in addition to a generic Linux software stack for both
+ essential and optional platform features.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This guide presents information about BSP Layers, defines a structure for components
+ so that BSPs follow a commonly understood layout, discusses how to customize
+ a recipe for a BSP, addresses BSP licensing, and provides information that
+ shows you how to create and manage a
+ <link linkend='bsp-layers'>BSP Layer</link> using two Yocto Project
+ <link linkend='using-the-yocto-projects-bsp-tools'>BSP Tools</link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='bsp-layers'>
+ <title>BSP Layers</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A BSP consists of a file structure inside a base directory.
+ Collectively, you can think of the base directory, its file structure,
+ and the contents as a BSP Layer.
+ Although not a strict requirement, layers in the Yocto Project use the
+ following well-established naming convention:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ The string "meta-" is prepended to the machine or platform name, which is
+ <replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable> in the above form.
+ <note><title>Tip</title>
+ Because the BSP layer naming convention is well-established,
+ it is advisable to follow it when creating layers.
+ Technically speaking, a BSP layer name does not need to
+ start with <filename>meta-</filename>.
+ However, you might run into situations where obscure
+ scripts assume this convention.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To help understand the BSP layer concept, consider the BSPs that the
+ Yocto Project supports and provides with each release.
+ You can see the layers in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#yocto-project-repositories'>Yocto Project Source Repositories</ulink>
+ through a web interface at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.
+ If you go to that interface, you will find near the bottom of the list
+ under "Yocto Metadata Layers" several BSP layers all of which are
+ supported by the Yocto Project (e.g. <filename>meta-minnow</filename>,
+ <filename>meta-raspberrypi</filename>, and
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename>).
+ Each of these layers is a repository unto itself and clicking on a
+ layer reveals information that includes two links from which you can choose
+ to set up a clone of the layer's repository on your local host system.
+ Here is an example that clones the MinnowBoard BSP layer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/meta-minnow
+ </literallayout>
+ For information on the BSP development workflow, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#developing-a-board-support-package-bsp'>Developing a Board Support Package (BSP)</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ For more information on how to set up a local copy of source files
+ from a Git repository, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#getting-setup'>Getting Set Up</ulink>"
+ section also in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The layer's base directory (<filename>meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable></filename>) is the root
+ of the BSP Layer.
+ This root is what you add to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBLAYERS'><filename>BBLAYERS</filename></ulink>
+ variable in the <filename>conf/bblayers.conf</filename> file found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
+ which is established after you run one of the OpenEmbedded build environment
+ setup scripts (i.e.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>).
+ Adding the root allows the OpenEmbedded build system to recognize the BSP
+ definition and from it build an image.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BBLAYERS ?= " \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta-yocto \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta-yocto-bsp \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta-mylayer \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some BSPs require additional layers on
+ top of the BSP's root layer in order to be functional.
+ For these cases, you also need to add those layers to the
+ <filename>BBLAYERS</filename> variable in order to build the BSP.
+ You must also specify in the "Dependencies" section of the BSP's
+ <filename>README</filename> file any requirements for additional
+ layers and, preferably, any
+ build instructions that might be contained elsewhere
+ in the <filename>README</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some layers function as a layer to hold other BSP layers.
+ An example of this type of layer is the <filename>meta-intel</filename> layer,
+ which contains a number of individual BSP sub-layers, as well as a directory
+ named <filename>common/</filename> full of common content across those layers.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on layers, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding and Creating Layers</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section id="bsp-filelayout">
+ <title>Example Filesystem Layout</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Defining a common BSP directory structure allows end-users to understand and
+ become familiar with that structure.
+ A common format also encourages standardization of software support of hardware.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The proposed form does have elements that are specific to the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ It is intended that this information can be
+ used by other build systems besides the OpenEmbedded build system
+ and that it will be simple
+ to extract information and convert it to other formats if required.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system, through its standard layers mechanism, can directly
+ accept the format described as a layer.
+ The BSP captures all
+ the hardware-specific details in one place in a standard format, which is
+ useful for any person wishing to use the hardware platform regardless of
+ the build system they are using.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The BSP specification does not include a build system or other tools -
+ it is concerned with the hardware-specific components only.
+ At the end-distribution point, you can ship the BSP combined with a build system
+ and other tools.
+ However, it is important to maintain the distinction that these
+ are separate components that happen to be combined in certain end products.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before looking at the common form for the file structure inside a BSP Layer,
+ you should be aware that some requirements do exist in order for a BSP to
+ be considered compliant with the Yocto Project.
+ For that list of requirements, see the
+ "<link linkend='released-bsp-requirements'>Released BSP Requirements</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Below is the common form for the file structure inside a BSP Layer.
+ While you can use this basic form for the standard, realize that the actual structures
+ for specific BSPs could differ.
+
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/<replaceable>bsp_license_file</replaceable>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/README
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/README.sources
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/binary/<replaceable>bootable_images</replaceable>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/conf/layer.conf
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/conf/machine/*.conf
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/recipes-bsp/*
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/recipes-core/*
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/recipes-graphics/*
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto_<replaceable>kernel_rev</replaceable>.bbappend
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Below is an example of the eMenlow BSP:
+
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-emenlow/COPYING.MIT
+ meta-emenlow/README
+ meta-emenlow/README.sources
+ meta-emenlow/binary/
+ meta-emenlow/conf/
+ meta-emenlow/conf/layer.conf
+ meta-emenlow/conf/machine/
+ meta-emenlow/conf/machine/emenlow-noemgd.conf
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-bsp/
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-bsp/formfactor/
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-bsp/formfactor/formfactor/
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-bsp/formfactor/formfactor_0.0.bbappend
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-bsp/formfactor/formfactor/emenlow-noemgd/
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-bsp/formfactor/formfactor/emenlow-noemgd/machconfig
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-graphics/
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-graphics/xorg-xserver
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-graphics/xorg-xserver/xserver-xf86-config
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-graphics/xorg-xserver/xserver-xf86-config_0.1.bbappend
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-graphics/xorg-xserver/xserver-xf86-config/emenlow-noemgd
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-graphics/xorg-xserver/xserver-xf86-config/emenlow-noemgd/xorg.config
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-kernel/
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-kernel/linux/
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto-dev.bbappend
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto_3.14.bbappend
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following sections describe each part of the proposed BSP format.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="bsp-filelayout-license">
+ <title>License Files</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find these files in the BSP Layer at:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/<replaceable>bsp_license_file</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ These optional files satisfy licensing requirements for the BSP.
+ The type or types of files here can vary depending on the licensing requirements.
+ For example, in the eMenlow BSP all licensing requirements are handled with the
+ <filename>COPYING.MIT</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Licensing files can be MIT, BSD, GPLv*, and so forth.
+ These files are recommended for the BSP but are optional and totally up to the BSP developer.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="bsp-filelayout-readme">
+ <title>README File</title>
+ <para>
+ You can find this file in the BSP Layer at:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/README
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This file provides information on how to boot the live images that are optionally
+ included in the <filename>binary/</filename> directory.
+ The <filename>README</filename> file also provides special information needed for
+ building the image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ At a minimum, the <filename>README</filename> file must
+ contain a list of dependencies, such as the names of
+ any other layers on which the BSP depends and the name of
+ the BSP maintainer with his or her contact information.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="bsp-filelayout-readme-sources">
+ <title>README.sources File</title>
+ <para>
+ You can find this file in the BSP Layer at:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/README.sources
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This file provides information on where to locate the BSP
+ source files used to build the images (if any) that reside in
+ <filename>meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/binary</filename>.
+ Images in the <filename>binary</filename> would be images
+ released with the BSP.
+ The information in the <filename>README.sources</filename>
+ file also helps you find the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ used to generate the images that ship with the BSP.
+ <note>
+ If the BSP's <filename>binary</filename> directory is
+ missing or the directory has no images, an existing
+ <filename>README.sources</filename> file is
+ meaningless.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="bsp-filelayout-binary">
+ <title>Pre-built User Binaries</title>
+ <para>
+ You can find these files in the BSP Layer at:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/binary/<replaceable>bootable_images</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This optional area contains useful pre-built kernels and
+ user-space filesystem images released with the BSP that are
+ appropriate to the target system.
+ This directory typically contains graphical (e.g. Sato) and
+ minimal live images when the BSP tarball has been created and
+ made available in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project</ulink> website.
+ You can use these kernels and images to get a system running
+ and quickly get started on development tasks.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The exact types of binaries present are highly
+ hardware-dependent.
+ The <filename>README</filename> file should be present in the
+ BSP Layer and it will explain how to use the images with the
+ target hardware.
+ Additionally, the <filename>README.sources</filename> file
+ should be present to locate the sources used to build the
+ images and provide information on the Metadata.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='bsp-filelayout-layer'>
+ <title>Layer Configuration File</title>
+ <para>
+ You can find this file in the BSP Layer at:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/conf/layer.conf
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>conf/layer.conf</filename> file identifies the file structure as a
+ layer, identifies the
+ contents of the layer, and contains information about how the build
+ system should use it.
+ Generally, a standard boilerplate file such as the following works.
+ In the following example, you would replace "<replaceable>bsp</replaceable>" and
+ "<replaceable>_bsp</replaceable>" with the actual name
+ of the BSP (i.e. <replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable> from the example template).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # We have a conf and classes directory, add to BBPATH
+ BBPATH .= ":${LAYERDIR}"
+
+ # We have a recipes directory, add to BBFILES
+ BBFILES += "${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bb \
+ ${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bbappend"
+
+ BBFILE_COLLECTIONS += "<replaceable>bsp</replaceable>"
+ BBFILE_PATTERN_<replaceable>bsp</replaceable> = "^${LAYERDIR}/"
+ BBFILE_PRIORITY_<replaceable>bsp</replaceable> = "6"
+
+ LAYERDEPENDS_<replaceable>bsp</replaceable> = "intel"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To illustrate the string substitutions, here are the corresponding statements
+ from the eEmenlow <filename>conf/layer.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # We have a conf and classes directory, add to BBPATH
+ BBPATH .= ":${LAYERDIR}"
+
+ # We have recipes-* directories, add to BBFILES
+ BBFILES += "${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bb \
+ ${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bbappend"
+
+ BBFILE_COLLECTIONS += "emenlow"
+ BBFILE_PATTERN_emenlow := "^${LAYERDIR}/"
+ BBFILE_PRIORITY_emenlow = "6"
+
+ LAYERDEPENDS_emenlow = "intel"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This file simply makes
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
+ aware of the recipes and configuration directories.
+ The file must exist so that the OpenEmbedded build system can recognize the BSP.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="bsp-filelayout-machine">
+ <title>Hardware Configuration Options</title>
+ <para>
+ You can find these files in the BSP Layer at:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/conf/machine/*.conf
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The machine files bind together all the information contained elsewhere
+ in the BSP into a format that the build system can understand.
+ If the BSP supports multiple machines, multiple machine configuration files
+ can be present.
+ These filenames correspond to the values to which users have set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink> variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ These files define things such as the kernel package to use
+ (<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PREFERRED_PROVIDER'><filename>PREFERRED_PROVIDER</filename></ulink>
+ of virtual/kernel), the hardware drivers to
+ include in different types of images, any special software components
+ that are needed, any bootloader information, and also any special image
+ format requirements.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Each BSP Layer requires at least one machine file.
+ However, you can supply more than one file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This configuration file could also include a hardware "tuning"
+ file that is commonly used to define the package architecture
+ and specify optimization flags, which are carefully chosen
+ to give best performance on a given processor.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Tuning files are found in the <filename>meta/conf/machine/include</filename>
+ directory within the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ For example, the <filename>ia32-base.inc</filename> file resides in the
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use an include file, you simply include them in the
+ machine configuration file.
+ For example, the eEmenlow BSP
+ <filename>emenlow-noemgd.conf</filename> contains the
+ following statements:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ require conf/machine/include/intel-core2-32-common.inc
+ require conf/machine/include/intel-common-pkgarch.inc
+ require conf/machine/include/meta-intel.inc
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='bsp-filelayout-misc-recipes'>
+ <title>Miscellaneous BSP-Specific Recipe Files</title>
+ <para>
+ You can find these files in the BSP Layer at:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/recipes-bsp/*
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This optional directory contains miscellaneous recipe files for
+ the BSP.
+ Most notably would be the formfactor files.
+ For example, in the eMenlow BSP there is the
+ <filename>formfactor_0.0.bbappend</filename> file, which is an
+ append file used to augment the recipe that starts the build.
+ Furthermore, there are machine-specific settings used during
+ the build that are defined by the
+ <filename>machconfig</filename> file further down in the
+ directory.
+ In the eMenlow example, the <filename>machconfig</filename>
+ file supports the Video Electronics Standards Association
+ (VESA) graphics driver:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # Assume a USB mouse and keyboard are connected
+ HAVE_TOUCHSCREEN=0
+ HAVE_KEYBOARD=1
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <note><para>
+ If a BSP does not have a formfactor entry, defaults are established according to
+ the formfactor configuration file that is installed by the main
+ formfactor recipe
+ <filename>meta/recipes-bsp/formfactor/formfactor_0.0.bb</filename>,
+ which is found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para></note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='bsp-filelayout-recipes-graphics'>
+ <title>Display Support Files</title>
+ <para>
+ You can find these files in the BSP Layer at:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/recipes-graphics/*
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This optional directory contains recipes for the BSP if it has
+ special requirements for graphics support.
+ All files that are needed for the BSP to support a display are
+ kept here.
+ For example, the <filename>meta-emenlow</filename> layer,
+ which supports the eMenlow platform consisting of the
+ <trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark>
+ <trademark class='trade'>Atom</trademark>
+ Z5xx processor with the
+ <trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark>
+ System Controller Hub US15W, uses these files for supporting
+ the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) graphics:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-graphics/xorg-xserver/xserver-xf86-config_0.1.bbappend
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-graphics/xorg-xserver/xserver-xf86-config/emenlow-noemgd/xorg.conf
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='bsp-filelayout-kernel'>
+ <title>Linux Kernel Configuration</title>
+ <para>
+ You can find these files in the BSP Layer at:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto*.bbappend
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ These files append your specific changes to the main kernel recipe you are using.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ For your BSP, you typically want to use an existing Yocto Project kernel recipe found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ at <filename>meta/recipes-kernel/linux</filename>.
+ You can append your specific changes to the kernel recipe by using a
+ similarly named append file, which is located in the BSP Layer (e.g.
+ the <filename>meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>/recipes-kernel/linux</filename> directory).
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Suppose you are using the <filename>linux-yocto_3.14.bb</filename> recipe to build
+ the kernel.
+ In other words, you have selected the kernel in your
+ <replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable><filename>.conf</filename> file by adding these types
+ of statements:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/kernel ?= "linux-yocto"
+ PREFERRED_VERSION_linux-yocto ?= "3.14%"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ When the preferred provider is assumed by default, the
+ <filename>PREFERRED_PROVIDER</filename> statement does not appear in the
+ <replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable><filename>.conf</filename> file.
+ </note>
+ You would use the <filename>linux-yocto_3.14.bbappend</filename> file to append
+ specific BSP settings to the kernel, thus configuring the kernel for your particular BSP.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ As an example, look at the existing eMenlow BSP.
+ The append file used is:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-emenlow/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto_3.14.bbappend
+ </literallayout>
+ The following listing shows the file.
+ Be aware that the actual commit ID strings in this example listing might be different
+ than the actual strings in the file from the <filename>meta-intel</filename>
+ Git source repository.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/${PN}:"
+
+ COMPATIBLE_MACHINE_emenlow-noemgd = "emenlow-noemgd"
+ KMACHINE_emenlow-noemgd = "emenlow"
+ KBRANCH_emenlow-noemgd = "standard/base"
+ KERNEL_FEATURES_append_emenlow-noemgd = " features/drm-gma500/drm-gma500.scc"
+
+ LINUX_VERSION_emenlow-noemgd = "3.14.19"
+ SRCREV_machine_emenlow-noemgd = "902f34d36102a4b2008b776ecae686f80d307e12"
+ SRCREV_meta_emenlow-noemgd = "28e39741b8b3018334021d981369d3fd61f18f5b"
+ </literallayout>
+ This append file contains statements used to support the
+ eMenlow BSP.
+ The file defines machines using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-COMPATIBLE_MACHINE'><filename>COMPATIBLE_MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ variable and uses the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KMACHINE'><filename>KMACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ variable to ensure the machine name used by the OpenEmbedded
+ build system maps to the machine name used by the Linux Yocto
+ kernel.
+ The file also uses the optional
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KBRANCH'><filename>KBRANCH</filename></ulink>
+ variable to ensure the build process uses the
+ <filename>standard/emenlow</filename> kernel branch.
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KERNEL_FEATURES'><filename>KERNEL_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ variable enables features specific to the kernel
+ (e.g. Intel GMA-500 DRM Driver in this case).
+ The append file points to specific commits in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ Git repository and the <filename>meta</filename> Git repository
+ branches to identify the exact kernel needed to build the
+ eMenlow BSP.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ One thing missing in this particular BSP, which you will typically need when
+ developing a BSP, is the kernel configuration file (<filename>.config</filename>) for your BSP.
+ When developing a BSP, you probably have a kernel configuration file or a set of kernel
+ configuration files that, when taken together, define the kernel configuration for your BSP.
+ You can accomplish this definition by putting the configurations in a file or a set of files
+ inside a directory located at the same level as your kernel's append file and having the same
+ name as the kernel's main recipe file.
+ With all these conditions met, simply reference those files in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ statement in the append file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, suppose you had some configuration options in a file called
+ <filename>network_configs.cfg</filename>.
+ You can place that file inside a directory named <filename>linux-yocto</filename> and then add
+ a <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statement such as the following to the append file.
+ When the OpenEmbedded build system builds the kernel, the configuration options are
+ picked up and applied.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI += "file://network_configs.cfg"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To group related configurations into multiple files, you perform a similar procedure.
+ Here is an example that groups separate configurations specifically for Ethernet and graphics
+ into their own files and adds the configurations
+ by using a <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statement like the following in your append file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI += "file://myconfig.cfg \
+ file://eth.cfg \
+ file://gfx.cfg"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></ulink>
+ variable is in boilerplate form in the
+ previous example in order to make it easy to do that.
+ This variable must be in your layer or BitBake will not find the patches or
+ configurations even if you have them in your <filename>SRC_URI</filename>.
+ The <filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename> variable enables the build process to
+ find those configuration files.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ Other methods exist to accomplish grouping and defining configuration options.
+ For example, if you are working with a local clone of the kernel repository,
+ you could checkout the kernel's <filename>meta</filename> branch, make your changes,
+ and then push the changes to the local bare clone of the kernel.
+ The result is that you directly add configuration options to the
+ <filename>meta</filename> branch for your BSP.
+ The configuration options will likely end up in that location anyway if the BSP gets
+ added to the Yocto Project.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In general, however, the Yocto Project maintainers take care of moving the
+ <filename>SRC_URI</filename>-specified
+ configuration options to the kernel's <filename>meta</filename> branch.
+ Not only is it easier for BSP developers to not have to worry about putting those
+ configurations in the branch, but having the maintainers do it allows them to apply
+ 'global' knowledge about the kinds of common configuration options multiple BSPs in
+ the tree are typically using.
+ This allows for promotion of common configurations into common features.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='requirements-and-recommendations-for-released-bsps'>
+ <title>Requirements and Recommendations for Released BSPs</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Certain requirements exist for a released BSP to be considered
+ compliant with the Yocto Project.
+ Additionally, recommendations also exist.
+ This section describes the requirements and recommendations for
+ released BSPs.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='released-bsp-requirements'>
+ <title>Released BSP Requirements</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Before looking at BSP requirements, you should consider the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The requirements here assume the BSP layer is a well-formed, "legal"
+ layer that can be added to the Yocto Project.
+ For guidelines on creating a layer that meets these base requirements, see the
+ "<link linkend='bsp-layers'>BSP Layers</link>" and the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding
+ and Creating Layers"</ulink> in the Yocto Project Development Manual.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The requirements in this section apply regardless of how you
+ ultimately package a BSP.
+ You should consult the packaging and distribution guidelines for your
+ specific release process.
+ For an example of packaging and distribution requirements, see the
+ "<ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Third_Party_BSP_Release_Process'>Third Party BSP Release Process</ulink>"
+ wiki page.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The requirements for the BSP as it is made available to a developer
+ are completely independent of the released form of the BSP.
+ For example, the BSP Metadata can be contained within a Git repository
+ and could have a directory structure completely different from what appears
+ in the officially released BSP layer.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>It is not required that specific packages or package
+ modifications exist in the BSP layer, beyond the requirements for general
+ compliance with the Yocto Project.
+ For example, no requirement exists dictating that a specific kernel or
+ kernel version be used in a given BSP.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following are the requirements for a released BSP that conforms to the
+ Yocto Project:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Layer Name:</emphasis>
+ The BSP must have a layer name that follows the Yocto
+ Project standards.
+ For information on BSP layer names, see the
+ "<link linkend='bsp-layers'>BSP Layers</link>" section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>File System Layout:</emphasis>
+ When possible, use the same directory names in your
+ BSP layer as listed in the <filename>recipes.txt</filename> file.
+ In particular, you should place recipes
+ (<filename>.bb</filename> files) and recipe
+ modifications (<filename>.bbappend</filename> files) into
+ <filename>recipes-*</filename> subdirectories by functional area
+ as outlined in <filename>recipes.txt</filename>.
+ If you cannot find a category in <filename>recipes.txt</filename>
+ to fit a particular recipe, you can make up your own
+ <filename>recipes-*</filename> subdirectory.
+ You can find <filename>recipes.txt</filename> in the
+ <filename>meta</filename> directory of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>,
+ or in the OpenEmbedded Core Layer
+ (<filename>openembedded-core</filename>) found at
+ <ulink url='http://git.openembedded.org/openembedded-core/tree/meta'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+ <para>Within any particular <filename>recipes-*</filename> category, the layout
+ should match what is found in the OpenEmbedded Core
+ Git repository (<filename>openembedded-core</filename>)
+ or the Source Directory (<filename>poky</filename>).
+ In other words, make sure you place related files in appropriately
+ related <filename>recipes-*</filename> subdirectories specific to the
+ recipe's function, or within a subdirectory containing a set of closely-related
+ recipes.
+ The recipes themselves should follow the general guidelines
+ for recipes used in the Yocto Project found in the
+ "<ulink url='http://openembedded.org/wiki/Styleguide'>OpenEmbedded Style Guide</ulink>".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>License File:</emphasis>
+ You must include a license file in the
+ <filename>meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable></filename> directory.
+ This license covers the BSP Metadata as a whole.
+ You must specify which license to use since there is no
+ default license if one is not specified.
+ See the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi/meta-intel/tree/meta-fri2/COPYING.MIT'><filename>COPYING.MIT</filename></ulink>
+ file for the Fish River Island 2 BSP in the <filename>meta-fri2</filename> BSP layer
+ as an example.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>README File:</emphasis>
+ You must include a <filename>README</filename> file in the
+ <filename>meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable></filename> directory.
+ See the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi/meta-intel/tree/meta-fri2/README'><filename>README</filename></ulink>
+ file for the Fish River Island 2 BSP in the <filename>meta-fri2</filename> BSP layer
+ as an example.</para>
+ <para>At a minimum, the <filename>README</filename> file should
+ contain the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>A brief description about the hardware the BSP
+ targets.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>A list of all the dependencies
+ on which a BSP layer depends.
+ These dependencies are typically a list of required layers needed
+ to build the BSP.
+ However, the dependencies should also contain information regarding
+ any other dependencies the BSP might have.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Any required special licensing information.
+ For example, this information includes information on
+ special variables needed to satisfy a EULA,
+ or instructions on information needed to build or distribute
+ binaries built from the BSP Metadata.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The name and contact information for the
+ BSP layer maintainer.
+ This is the person to whom patches and questions should
+ be sent.
+ For information on how to find the right person, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a Change</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Instructions on how to build the BSP using the BSP
+ layer.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Instructions on how to boot the BSP build from
+ the BSP layer.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Instructions on how to boot the binary images
+ contained in the <filename>binary</filename> directory,
+ if present.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Information on any known bugs or issues that users
+ should know about when either building or booting the BSP
+ binaries.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>README.sources File:</emphasis>
+ You must include a <filename>README.sources</filename> in the
+ <filename>meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable></filename> directory.
+ This file specifies exactly where you can find the sources used to
+ generate the binary images contained in the
+ <filename>binary</filename> directory, if present.
+ See the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi/meta-intel/tree/meta-fri2/README.sources'><filename>README.sources</filename></ulink>
+ file for the Fish River Island 2 BSP in the <filename>meta-fri2</filename> BSP layer
+ as an example.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Layer Configuration File:</emphasis>
+ You must include a <filename>conf/layer.conf</filename> in the
+ <filename>meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable></filename> directory.
+ This file identifies the <filename>meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable></filename>
+ BSP layer as a layer to the build system.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Machine Configuration File:</emphasis>
+ You must include one or more
+ <filename>conf/machine/<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>.conf</filename>
+ files in the <filename>meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable></filename> directory.
+ These configuration files define machine targets that can be built
+ using the BSP layer.
+ Multiple machine configuration files define variations of machine
+ configurations that are supported by the BSP.
+ If a BSP supports multiple machine variations, you need to
+ adequately describe each variation in the BSP
+ <filename>README</filename> file.
+ Do not use multiple machine configuration files to describe disparate
+ hardware.
+ If you do have very different targets, you should create separate
+ BSP layers for each target.
+ <note>It is completely possible for a developer to structure the
+ working repository as a conglomeration of unrelated BSP
+ files, and to possibly generate BSPs targeted for release
+ from that directory using scripts or some other mechanism
+ (e.g. <filename>meta-yocto-bsp</filename> layer).
+ Such considerations are outside the scope of this document.</note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='released-bsp-recommendations'>
+ <title>Released BSP Recommendations</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Following are recommendations for a released BSP that conforms to the
+ Yocto Project:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Bootable Images:</emphasis>
+ BSP releases
+ can contain one or more bootable images.
+ Including bootable images allows users to easily try out the BSP
+ on their own hardware.</para>
+ <para>In some cases, it might not be convenient to include a
+ bootable image.
+ In this case, you might want to make two versions of the
+ BSP available: one that contains binary images, and one
+ that does not.
+ The version that does not contain bootable images avoids
+ unnecessary download times for users not interested in the images.
+ </para>
+ <para>If you need to distribute a BSP and include bootable images or build kernel and
+ filesystems meant to allow users to boot the BSP for evaluation
+ purposes, you should put the images and artifacts within a
+ <filename>binary/</filename> subdirectory located in the
+ <filename>meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable></filename> directory.
+ <note>If you do include a bootable image as part of the BSP and the image
+ was built by software covered by the GPL or other open source licenses,
+ it is your responsibility to understand
+ and meet all licensing requirements, which could include distribution
+ of source files.</note></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Use a Yocto Linux Kernel:</emphasis>
+ Kernel recipes in the BSP should be based on a Yocto Linux kernel.
+ Basing your recipes on these kernels reduces the costs for maintaining
+ the BSP and increases its scalability.
+ See the <filename>Yocto Linux Kernel</filename> category in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'>Source Repositories</ulink>
+ for these kernels.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='customizing-a-recipe-for-a-bsp'>
+ <title>Customizing a Recipe for a BSP</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you plan on customizing a recipe for a particular BSP, you need to do the
+ following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Create a <filename>.bbappend</filename>
+ file for the modified recipe.
+ For information on using append files, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#using-bbappend-files'>Using .bbappend Files</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Ensure your directory structure in the BSP layer
+ that supports your machine is such that it can be found
+ by the build system.
+ See the example later in this section for more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Put the append file in a directory whose name matches
+ the machine's name and is located in an appropriate
+ sub-directory inside the BSP layer (i.e.
+ <filename>recipes-bsp</filename>, <filename>recipes-graphics</filename>,
+ <filename>recipes-core</filename>, and so forth).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Place the BSP-specific files in the proper directory
+ inside the BSP layer.
+ How expansive the layer is affects where you must place these files.
+ For example, if your layer supports several different machine types,
+ you need to be sure your layer's directory structure includes hierarchy
+ that separates the files out according to machine.
+ If your layer does not support multiple machines, the layer would not
+ have that additional hierarchy and the files would obviously not be
+ able to reside in a machine-specific directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is a specific example to help you better understand the process.
+ Consider an example that customizes a recipe by adding
+ a BSP-specific configuration file named <filename>interfaces</filename> to the
+ <filename>init-ifupdown_1.0.bb</filename> recipe for machine "xyz" where the
+ BSP layer also supports several other machines.
+ Do the following:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Edit the <filename>init-ifupdown_1.0.bbappend</filename> file so that it
+ contains the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/files:"
+ </literallayout>
+ The append file needs to be in the
+ <filename>meta-xyz/recipes-core/init-ifupdown</filename> directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Create and place the new <filename>interfaces</filename>
+ configuration file in the BSP's layer here:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-xyz/recipes-core/init-ifupdown/files/xyz-machine-one/interfaces
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ If the <filename>meta-xyz</filename> layer did not support
+ multiple machines, you would place the
+ <filename>interfaces</filename> configuration file in the
+ layer here:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-xyz/recipes-core/init-ifupdown/files/interfaces
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></ulink>
+ variable in the append files extends the search path
+ the build system uses to find files during the build.
+ Consequently, for this example you need to have the
+ <filename>files</filename> directory in the same location
+ as your append file.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='bsp-licensing-considerations'>
+ <title>BSP Licensing Considerations</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In some cases, a BSP contains separately licensed Intellectual Property (IP)
+ for a component or components.
+ For these cases, you are required to accept the terms of a commercial or other
+ type of license that requires some kind of explicit End User License Agreement (EULA).
+ Once the license is accepted, the OpenEmbedded build system can then build and
+ include the corresponding component in the final BSP image.
+ If the BSP is available as a pre-built image, you can download the image after
+ agreeing to the license or EULA.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You could find that some separately licensed components that are essential
+ for normal operation of the system might not have an unencumbered (or free)
+ substitute.
+ Without these essential components, the system would be non-functional.
+ Then again, you might find that other licensed components that are simply
+ 'good-to-have' or purely elective do have an unencumbered, free replacement
+ component that you can use rather than agreeing to the separately licensed component.
+ Even for components essential to the system, you might find an unencumbered component
+ that is not identical but will work as a less-capable version of the
+ licensed version in the BSP recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For cases where you can substitute a free component and still
+ maintain the system's functionality, the "Downloads" page from the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project website's</ulink>
+ makes available de-featured BSPs
+ that are completely free of any IP encumbrances.
+ For these cases, you can use the substitution directly and
+ without any further licensing requirements.
+ If present, these fully de-featured BSPs are named appropriately
+ different as compared to the names of the respective
+ encumbered BSPs.
+ If available, these substitutions are your
+ simplest and most preferred options.
+ Use of these substitutions of course assumes the resulting functionality meets
+ system requirements.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If however, a non-encumbered version is unavailable or
+ it provides unsuitable functionality or quality, you can use an encumbered
+ version.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A couple different methods exist within the OpenEmbedded build system to
+ satisfy the licensing requirements for an encumbered BSP.
+ The following list describes them in order of preference:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Use the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LICENSE_FLAGS'><filename>LICENSE_FLAGS</filename></ulink>
+ variable to define the recipes that have commercial or other
+ types of specially-licensed packages:</emphasis>
+ For each of those recipes, you can
+ specify a matching license string in a
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> variable named
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST'><filename>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</filename></ulink>.
+ Specifying the matching license string signifies that you agree to the license.
+ Thus, the build system can build the corresponding recipe and include
+ the component in the image.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#enabling-commercially-licensed-recipes'>Enabling
+ Commercially Licensed Recipes</ulink>" section in the Yocto Project Reference
+ Manual for details on how to use these variables.</para>
+ <para>If you build as you normally would, without
+ specifying any recipes in the
+ <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</filename>, the build stops and
+ provides you with the list of recipes that you have
+ tried to include in the image that need entries in
+ the <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</filename>.
+ Once you enter the appropriate license flags into the whitelist,
+ restart the build to continue where it left off.
+ During the build, the prompt will not appear again
+ since you have satisfied the requirement.</para>
+ <para>Once the appropriate license flags are on the white list
+ in the <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</filename> variable, you
+ can build the encumbered image with no change at all
+ to the normal build process.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Get a pre-built version of the BSP:</emphasis>
+ You can get this type of BSP by visiting the
+ "Downloads" page of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project website</ulink>.
+ You can download BSP tarballs that contain proprietary components
+ after agreeing to the licensing
+ requirements of each of the individually encumbered
+ packages as part of the download process.
+ Obtaining the BSP this way allows you to access an encumbered
+ image immediately after agreeing to the
+ click-through license agreements presented by the
+ website.
+ Note that if you want to build the image
+ yourself using the recipes contained within the BSP
+ tarball, you will still need to create an
+ appropriate <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</filename> to match the
+ encumbered recipes in the BSP.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Pre-compiled images are bundled with
+ a time-limited kernel that runs for a
+ predetermined amount of time (10 days) before it forces
+ the system to reboot.
+ This limitation is meant to discourage direct redistribution
+ of the image.
+ You must eventually rebuild the image if you want to remove this restriction.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-the-yocto-projects-bsp-tools'>
+ <title>Using the Yocto Project's BSP Tools</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project includes a couple of tools that enable
+ you to create a <link linkend='bsp-layers'>BSP layer</link>
+ from scratch and do basic configuration and maintenance
+ of the kernel without ever looking at a Metadata file.
+ These tools are <filename>yocto-bsp</filename> and <filename>yocto-kernel</filename>,
+ respectively.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following sections describe the common location and help features as well
+ as provide details for the
+ <filename>yocto-bsp</filename> and <filename>yocto-kernel</filename> tools.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='common-features'>
+ <title>Common Features</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Designed to have a command interface somewhat like
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#git'>Git</ulink>, each
+ tool is structured as a set of sub-commands under a
+ top-level command.
+ The top-level command (<filename>yocto-bsp</filename>
+ or <filename>yocto-kernel</filename>) itself does
+ nothing but invoke or provide help on the sub-commands
+ it supports.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Both tools reside in the <filename>scripts/</filename> subdirectory
+ of the <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ Consequently, to use the scripts, you must <filename>source</filename> the
+ environment just as you would when invoking a build:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source oe-init-build-env <replaceable>build_dir</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The most immediately useful function is to get help on both tools.
+ The built-in help system makes it easy to drill down at
+ any time and view the syntax required for any specific command.
+ Simply enter the name of the command with the <filename>help</filename>
+ switch:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-bsp help
+ Usage:
+
+ Create a customized Yocto BSP layer.
+
+ usage: yocto-bsp [--version] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
+
+ Current 'yocto-bsp' commands are:
+ create Create a new Yocto BSP
+ list List available values for options and BSP properties
+
+ See 'yocto-bsp help COMMAND' for more information on a specific command.
+
+
+ Options:
+ --version show program's version number and exit
+ -h, --help show this help message and exit
+ -D, --debug output debug information
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Similarly, entering just the name of a sub-command shows the detailed usage
+ for that sub-command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-bsp create
+
+ Usage:
+
+ Create a new Yocto BSP
+
+ usage: yocto-bsp create <bsp-name> <karch> [-o <DIRNAME> | --outdir <DIRNAME>]
+ [-i <JSON PROPERTY FILE> | --infile <JSON PROPERTY_FILE>]
+
+ This command creates a Yocto BSP based on the specified parameters.
+ The new BSP will be a new Yocto BSP layer contained by default within
+ the top-level directory specified as 'meta-bsp-name'. The -o option
+ can be used to place the BSP layer in a directory with a different
+ name and location.
+
+ ...
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For any sub-command, you can use the word "help" option just before the
+ sub-command to get more extensive documentation:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-bsp help create
+
+ NAME
+ yocto-bsp create - Create a new Yocto BSP
+
+ SYNOPSIS
+ yocto-bsp create <bsp-name> <karch> [-o <DIRNAME> | --outdir <DIRNAME>]
+ [-i <JSON PROPERTY FILE> | --infile <JSON PROPERTY_FILE>]
+
+ DESCRIPTION
+ This command creates a Yocto BSP based on the specified
+ parameters. The new BSP will be a new Yocto BSP layer contained
+ by default within the top-level directory specified as
+ 'meta-bsp-name'. The -o option can be used to place the BSP layer
+ in a directory with a different name and location.
+
+ The value of the 'karch' parameter determines the set of files
+ that will be generated for the BSP, along with the specific set of
+ 'properties' that will be used to fill out the BSP-specific
+ portions of the BSP. The possible values for the 'karch' parameter
+ can be listed via 'yocto-bsp list karch'.
+
+ ...
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Now that you know where these two commands reside and how to access information
+ on them, you should find it relatively straightforward to discover the commands
+ necessary to create a BSP and perform basic kernel maintenance on that BSP using
+ the tools.
+ <note>
+ You can also use the <filename>yocto-layer</filename> tool to create
+ a "generic" layer.
+ For information on this tool, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-a-general-layer-using-the-yocto-layer-script'>Creating a General Layer Using the yocto-layer Script</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Guide.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The next sections provide a concrete starting point to expand on a few points that
+ might not be immediately obvious or that could use further explanation.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section id='creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'>
+ <title>Creating a new BSP Layer Using the yocto-bsp Script</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>yocto-bsp</filename> script creates a new
+ <link linkend='bsp-layers'>BSP layer</link> for any architecture supported
+ by the Yocto Project, as well as QEMU versions of the same.
+ The default mode of the script's operation is to prompt you for information needed
+ to generate the BSP layer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For the current set of BSPs, the script prompts you for various important
+ parameters such as:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The kernel to use</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The branch of that kernel to use (or re-use)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Whether or not to use X, and if so, which drivers to use</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Whether to turn on SMP</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Whether the BSP has a keyboard</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Whether the BSP has a touchscreen</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Remaining configurable items associated with the BSP</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You use the <filename>yocto-bsp create</filename> sub-command to create
+ a new BSP layer.
+ This command requires you to specify a particular kernel architecture
+ (<filename>karch</filename>) on which to base the BSP.
+ Assuming you have sourced the environment, you can use the
+ <filename>yocto-bsp list karch</filename> sub-command to list the
+ architectures available for BSP creation as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-bsp list karch
+ Architectures available:
+ qemu
+ mips64
+ powerpc
+ x86_64
+ arm
+ mips
+ i386
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The remainder of this section presents an example that uses
+ <filename>myarm</filename> as the machine name and <filename>qemu</filename>
+ as the machine architecture.
+ Of the available architectures, <filename>qemu</filename> is the only architecture
+ that causes the script to prompt you further for an actual architecture.
+ In every other way, this architecture is representative of how creating a BSP for
+ an actual machine would work.
+ The reason the example uses this architecture is because it is an emulated architecture
+ and can easily be followed without requiring actual hardware.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As the <filename>yocto-bsp create</filename> command runs, default values for
+ the prompts appear in brackets.
+ Pressing enter without supplying anything on the command line or pressing enter
+ with an invalid response causes the script to accept the default value.
+ Once the script completes, the new <filename>meta-myarm</filename> BSP layer
+ is created in the current working directory.
+ This example assumes you have sourced the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ setup script.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is the complete example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-bsp create myarm qemu
+ Checking basic git connectivity...
+ Done.
+ Which qemu architecture would you like to use? [default: i386]
+ 1) i386 (32-bit)
+ 2) x86_64 (64-bit)
+ 3) ARM (32-bit)
+ 4) PowerPC (32-bit)
+ 5) MIPS (32-bit)
+ 6) MIPS64 (64-bit)
+ 3
+ Would you like to use the default (3.19) kernel? (y/n) [default: y] y
+ Do you need a new machine branch for this BSP (the alternative is to re-use an existing branch)? [y/n] [default: y]
+ Getting branches from remote repo git://git.yoctoproject.org/linux-yocto-3.19.git...
+ Please choose a machine branch to base your new BSP branch on: [default: standard/base]
+ 1) standard/arm-versatile-926ejs
+ 2) standard/base
+ 3) standard/beagleboard
+ 4) standard/beaglebone
+ 5) standard/ck
+ 6) standard/common-pc
+ 7) standard/crownbay
+ 8) standard/edgerouter
+ 9) standard/fsl-mpc8315e-rdb
+ 10) standard/mti-malta32
+ 11) standard/mti-malta64
+ 12) standard/qemuarm64
+ 13) standard/qemuppc
+ 1
+ Would you like SMP support? (y/n) [default: y]
+ Does your BSP have a touchscreen? (y/n) [default: n]
+ Does your BSP have a keyboard? (y/n) [default: y]
+ New qemu BSP created in meta-myarm
+ </literallayout>
+ Take a closer look at the example now:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>For the QEMU architecture,
+ the script first prompts you for which emulated architecture to use.
+ In the example, we use the ARM architecture.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The script then prompts you for the kernel.
+ The default 3.19 kernel is acceptable.
+ So, the example accepts the default.
+ If you enter 'n', the script prompts you to further enter the kernel
+ you do want to use.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Next, the script asks whether you would like to have a new
+ branch created especially for your BSP in the local
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#local-kernel-files'>Linux Yocto Kernel</ulink>
+ Git repository .
+ If not, then the script re-uses an existing branch.</para>
+ <para>In this example, the default (or "yes") is accepted.
+ Thus, a new branch is created for the BSP rather than using a common, shared
+ branch.
+ The new branch is the branch committed to for any patches you might later add.
+ The reason a new branch is the default is that typically
+ new BSPs do require BSP-specific patches.
+ The tool thus assumes that most of time a new branch is required.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Regardless of which choice you make in the previous step,
+ you are now given the opportunity to select a particular machine branch on
+ which to base your new BSP-specific machine branch
+ (or to re-use if you had elected to not create a new branch).
+ Because this example is generating an ARM-based BSP, the example
+ uses <filename>#1</filename> at the prompt, which selects the ARM-versatile branch.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The remainder of the prompts are routine.
+ Defaults are accepted for each.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>By default, the script creates the new BSP Layer in the
+ current working directory of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>,
+ (i.e. <filename>poky/build</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once the BSP Layer is created, you must add it to your
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BBLAYERS = ? " \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta-yocto \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta-yocto-bsp \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta-myarm \
+ "
+
+ BBLAYERS_NON_REMOVABLE ?= " \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta-yocto \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ Adding the layer to this file allows the build system to build the BSP and
+ the <filename>yocto-kernel</filename> tool to be able to find the layer and
+ other Metadata it needs on which to operate.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='managing-kernel-patches-and-config-items-with-yocto-kernel'>
+ <title>Managing Kernel Patches and Config Items with yocto-kernel</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Assuming you have created a <link linkend='bsp-layers'>BSP Layer</link> using
+ <link linkend='creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'>
+ <filename>yocto-bsp</filename></link> and you added it to your
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBLAYERS'><filename>BBLAYERS</filename></ulink>
+ variable in the <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file, you can now use
+ the <filename>yocto-kernel</filename> script to add patches and configuration
+ items to the BSP's kernel.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>yocto-kernel</filename> script allows you to add, remove, and list patches
+ and kernel config settings to a BSP's kernel
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> file.
+ All you need to do is use the appropriate sub-command.
+ Recall that the easiest way to see exactly what sub-commands are available
+ is to use the <filename>yocto-kernel</filename> built-in help as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-kernel --help
+ Usage:
+ Modify and list Yocto BSP kernel config items and patches.
+ usage: yocto-kernel [--version] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
+ Current 'yocto-kernel' commands are:
+ config list List the modifiable set of bare kernel config options for a BSP
+ config add Add or modify bare kernel config options for a BSP
+ config rm Remove bare kernel config options from a BSP
+ patch list List the patches associated with a BSP
+ patch add Patch the Yocto kernel for a BSP
+ patch rm Remove patches from a BSP
+ feature list List the features used by a BSP
+ feature add Have a BSP use a feature
+ feature rm Have a BSP stop using a feature
+ features list List the features available to BSPs
+ feature describe Describe a particular feature
+ feature create Create a new BSP-local feature
+ feature destroy Remove a BSP-local feature
+ See 'yocto-kernel help COMMAND' for more information on a specific command.
+ Options:
+ --version show program's version number and exit
+ -h, --help show this help message and exit
+ -D, --debug output debug information
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>yocto-kernel patch add</filename> sub-command allows you to add a
+ patch to a BSP.
+ The following example adds two patches to the <filename>myarm</filename> BSP:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-kernel patch add myarm ~/test.patch
+ Added patches:
+ test.patch
+
+ $ yocto-kernel patch add myarm ~/yocto-testmod.patch
+ Added patches:
+ yocto-testmod.patch
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>Although the previous example adds patches one at a time, it is possible
+ to add multiple patches at the same time.</note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can verify patches have been added by using the
+ <filename>yocto-kernel patch list</filename> sub-command.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-kernel patch list myarm
+ The current set of machine-specific patches for myarm is:
+ 1) test.patch
+ 2) yocto-testmod.patch
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can also use the <filename>yocto-kernel</filename> script to
+ remove a patch using the <filename>yocto-kernel patch rm</filename> sub-command.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-kernel patch rm myarm
+ Specify the patches to remove:
+ 1) test.patch
+ 2) yocto-testmod.patch
+ 1
+ Removed patches:
+ test.patch
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Again, using the <filename>yocto-kernel patch list</filename> sub-command,
+ you can verify that the patch was in fact removed:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-kernel patch list myarm
+ The current set of machine-specific patches for myarm is:
+ 1) yocto-testmod.patch
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In a completely similar way, you can use the <filename>yocto-kernel config add</filename>
+ sub-command to add one or more kernel config item settings to a BSP.
+ The following commands add a couple of config items to the
+ <filename>myarm</filename> BSP:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-kernel config add myarm CONFIG_MISC_DEVICES=y
+ Added item:
+ CONFIG_MISC_DEVICES=y
+
+ $ yocto-kernel config add myarm CONFIG_YOCTO_TESTMOD=y
+ Added item:
+ CONFIG_YOCTO_TESTMOD=y
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ Although the previous example adds config items one at a time, it is possible
+ to add multiple config items at the same time.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can list the config items now associated with the BSP.
+ Doing so shows you the config items you added as well as others associated
+ with the BSP:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-kernel config list myarm
+ The current set of machine-specific kernel config items for myarm is:
+ 1) CONFIG_MISC_DEVICES=y
+ 2) CONFIG_YOCTO_TESTMOD=y
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, you can remove one or more config items using the
+ <filename>yocto-kernel config rm</filename> sub-command in a manner
+ completely analogous to <filename>yocto-kernel patch rm</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/documentation/bsp-guide/figures/bsp-title.png b/documentation/bsp-guide/figures/bsp-title.png
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diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-common-tasks.xml b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-common-tasks.xml
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@@ -0,0 +1,10049 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='extendpoky'>
+
+<title>Common Tasks</title>
+ <para>
+ This chapter describes fundamental procedures such as creating layers,
+ adding new software packages, extending or customizing images,
+ porting work to new hardware (adding a new machine), and so forth.
+ You will find that the procedures documented here occur often in the
+ development cycle using the Yocto Project.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="understanding-and-creating-layers">
+ <title>Understanding and Creating Layers</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system supports organizing
+ <link linkend='metadata'>Metadata</link> into multiple layers.
+ Layers allow you to isolate different types of customizations from
+ each other.
+ You might find it tempting to keep everything in one layer when
+ working on a single project.
+ However, the more modular your Metadata, the easier
+ it is to cope with future changes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To illustrate how layers are used to keep things modular, consider
+ machine customizations.
+ These types of customizations typically reside in a special layer,
+ rather than a general layer, called a Board Support Package (BSP)
+ Layer.
+ Furthermore, the machine customizations should be isolated from
+ recipes and Metadata that support a new GUI environment,
+ for example.
+ This situation gives you a couple of layers: one for the machine
+ configurations, and one for the GUI environment.
+ It is important to understand, however, that the BSP layer can
+ still make machine-specific additions to recipes within the GUI
+ environment layer without polluting the GUI layer itself
+ with those machine-specific changes.
+ You can accomplish this through a recipe that is a BitBake append
+ (<filename>.bbappend</filename>) file, which is described later
+ in this section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='yocto-project-layers'>
+ <title>Layers</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ contains both general layers and BSP
+ layers right out of the box.
+ You can easily identify layers that ship with a
+ Yocto Project release in the Source Directory by their
+ folder names.
+ Folders that represent layers typically have names that begin with
+ the string <filename>meta-</filename>.
+ <note>
+ It is not a requirement that a layer name begin with the
+ prefix <filename>meta-</filename>, but it is a commonly
+ accepted standard in the Yocto Project community.
+ </note>
+ For example, when you set up the Source Directory structure,
+ you will see several layers:
+ <filename>meta</filename>,
+ <filename>meta-skeleton</filename>,
+ <filename>meta-selftest</filename>,
+ <filename>meta-yocto</filename>, and
+ <filename>meta-yocto-bsp</filename>.
+ Each of these folders represents a distinct layer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As another example, if you set up a local copy of the
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename> Git repository
+ and then explore the folder of that general layer,
+ you will discover many Intel-specific BSP layers inside.
+ For more information on BSP layers, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-layers'>BSP Layers</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP)
+ Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-your-own-layer'>
+ <title>Creating Your Own Layer</title>
+
+ <para>
+ It is very easy to create your own layers to use with the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ The Yocto Project ships with scripts that speed up creating
+ general layers and BSP layers.
+ This section describes the steps you perform by hand to create
+ a layer so that you can better understand them.
+ For information about the layer-creation scripts, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'>Creating a New BSP Layer Using the yocto-bsp Script</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP)
+ Developer's Guide and the
+ "<link linkend='creating-a-general-layer-using-the-yocto-layer-script'>Creating a General Layer Using the yocto-layer Script</link>"
+ section further down in this manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Follow these general steps to create your layer:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Check Existing Layers:</emphasis>
+ Before creating a new layer, you should be sure someone
+ has not already created a layer containing the Metadata
+ you need.
+ You can see the
+ <ulink url='http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/layers/'><filename>OpenEmbedded Metadata Index</filename></ulink>
+ for a list of layers from the OpenEmbedded community
+ that can be used in the Yocto Project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create a Directory:</emphasis>
+ Create the directory for your layer.
+ While not strictly required, prepend the name of the
+ folder with the string <filename>meta-</filename>.
+ For example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-mylayer
+ meta-GUI_xyz
+ meta-mymachine
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create a Layer Configuration
+ File:</emphasis>
+ Inside your new layer folder, you need to create a
+ <filename>conf/layer.conf</filename> file.
+ It is easiest to take an existing layer configuration
+ file and copy that to your layer's
+ <filename>conf</filename> directory and then modify the
+ file as needed.</para>
+ <para>The
+ <filename>meta-yocto-bsp/conf/layer.conf</filename> file
+ demonstrates the required syntax:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # We have a conf and classes directory, add to BBPATH
+ BBPATH .= ":${LAYERDIR}"
+
+ # We have recipes-* directories, add to BBFILES
+ BBFILES += "${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bb \
+ ${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bbappend"
+
+ BBFILE_COLLECTIONS += "yoctobsp"
+ BBFILE_PATTERN_yoctobsp = "^${LAYERDIR}/"
+ BBFILE_PRIORITY_yoctobsp = "5"
+ LAYERVERSION_yoctobsp = "3"
+ </literallayout></para>
+ <para>Here is an explanation of the example:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The configuration and
+ classes directory is appended to
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></ulink>.
+ <note>
+ All non-distro layers, which include all BSP
+ layers, are expected to append the layer
+ directory to the
+ <filename>BBPATH</filename>.
+ On the other hand, distro layers, such as
+ <filename>meta-yocto</filename>, can choose
+ to enforce their own precedence over
+ <filename>BBPATH</filename>.
+ For an example of that syntax, see the
+ <filename>layer.conf</filename> file for
+ the <filename>meta-yocto</filename> layer.
+ </note></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The recipes for the layers are
+ appended to
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBFILES'>BBFILES</ulink></filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBFILE_COLLECTIONS'>BBFILE_COLLECTIONS</ulink></filename>
+ variable is then appended with the layer name.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBFILE_PATTERN'>BBFILE_PATTERN</ulink></filename>
+ variable is set to a regular expression and is
+ used to match files from
+ <filename>BBFILES</filename> into a particular
+ layer.
+ In this case,
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LAYERDIR'>LAYERDIR</ulink></filename>
+ is used to make <filename>BBFILE_PATTERN</filename> match within the
+ layer's path.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBFILE_PRIORITY'>BBFILE_PRIORITY</ulink></filename>
+ variable then assigns a priority to the layer.
+ Applying priorities is useful in situations
+ where the same recipe might appear in multiple
+ layers and allows you to choose the layer
+ that takes precedence.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LAYERVERSION'>LAYERVERSION</ulink></filename>
+ variable optionally specifies the version of a
+ layer as a single number.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para>
+ <para>Note the use of the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LAYERDIR'>LAYERDIR</ulink></filename>
+ variable, which expands to the directory of the current
+ layer.</para>
+ <para>Through the use of the <filename>BBPATH</filename>
+ variable, BitBake locates class files
+ (<filename>.bbclass</filename>),
+ configuration files, and files that are included
+ with <filename>include</filename> and
+ <filename>require</filename> statements.
+ For these cases, BitBake uses the first file that
+ matches the name found in <filename>BBPATH</filename>.
+ This is similar to the way the <filename>PATH</filename>
+ variable is used for binaries.
+ It is recommended, therefore, that you use unique
+ class and configuration
+ filenames in your custom layer.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Add Content:</emphasis> Depending
+ on the type of layer, add the content.
+ If the layer adds support for a machine, add the machine
+ configuration in a <filename>conf/machine/</filename>
+ file within the layer.
+ If the layer adds distro policy, add the distro
+ configuration in a <filename>conf/distro/</filename>
+ file within the layer.
+ If the layer introduces new recipes, put the recipes
+ you need in <filename>recipes-*</filename>
+ subdirectories within the layer.
+ <note>In order to be compliant with the Yocto Project,
+ a layer must contain a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-filelayout-readme'>README file.</ulink>
+ </note></para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='best-practices-to-follow-when-creating-layers'>
+ <title>Best Practices to Follow When Creating Layers</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To create layers that are easier to maintain and that will
+ not impact builds for other machines, you should consider the
+ information in the following sections.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='avoid-overlaying-entire-recipes'>
+ <title>Avoid "Overlaying" Entire Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Avoid "overlaying" entire recipes from other layers in your
+ configuration.
+ In other words, do not copy an entire recipe into your
+ layer and then modify it.
+ Rather, use an append file (<filename>.bbappend</filename>)
+ to override
+ only those parts of the original recipe you need to modify.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='avoid-duplicating-include-files'>
+ <title>Avoid Duplicating Include Files</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Avoid duplicating include files.
+ Use append files (<filename>.bbappend</filename>)
+ for each recipe
+ that uses an include file.
+ Or, if you are introducing a new recipe that requires
+ the included file, use the path relative to the original
+ layer directory to refer to the file.
+ For example, use
+ <filename>require recipes-core/</filename><replaceable>package</replaceable><filename>/</filename><replaceable>file</replaceable><filename>.inc</filename>
+ instead of <filename>require </filename><replaceable>file</replaceable><filename>.inc</filename>.
+ If you're finding you have to overlay the include file,
+ it could indicate a deficiency in the include file in
+ the layer to which it originally belongs.
+ If this is the case, you should try to address that
+ deficiency instead of overlaying the include file.
+ For example, you could address this by getting the
+ maintainer of the include file to add a variable or
+ variables to make it easy to override the parts needing
+ to be overridden.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-your-layers'>
+ <title>Structure Your Layers</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Proper use of overrides within append files and placement
+ of machine-specific files within your layer can ensure that
+ a build is not using the wrong Metadata and negatively
+ impacting a build for a different machine.
+ Following are some examples:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Modifying Variables to Support
+ a Different Machine:</emphasis>
+ Suppose you have a layer named
+ <filename>meta-one</filename> that adds support
+ for building machine "one".
+ To do so, you use an append file named
+ <filename>base-files.bbappend</filename> and
+ create a dependency on "foo" by altering the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPENDS = "foo"
+ </literallayout>
+ The dependency is created during any build that
+ includes the layer
+ <filename>meta-one</filename>.
+ However, you might not want this dependency
+ for all machines.
+ For example, suppose you are building for
+ machine "two" but your
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file has the
+ <filename>meta-one</filename> layer included.
+ During the build, the
+ <filename>base-files</filename> for machine
+ "two" will also have the dependency on
+ <filename>foo</filename>.</para>
+ <para>To make sure your changes apply only when
+ building machine "one", use a machine override
+ with the <filename>DEPENDS</filename> statement:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPENDS_one = "foo"
+ </literallayout>
+ You should follow the same strategy when using
+ <filename>_append</filename> and
+ <filename>_prepend</filename> operations:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPENDS_append_one = " foo"
+ DEPENDS_prepend_one = "foo "
+ </literallayout>
+ As an actual example, here's a line from the recipe for
+ the OProfile profiler, which lists an extra build-time
+ dependency when building specifically for 64-bit PowerPC:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPENDS_append_powerpc64 = " libpfm4"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ Avoiding "+=" and "=+" and using
+ machine-specific
+ <filename>_append</filename>
+ and <filename>_prepend</filename> operations
+ is recommended as well.
+ </note></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Place Machine-Specific Files
+ in Machine-Specific Locations:</emphasis>
+ When you have a base recipe, such as
+ <filename>base-files.bb</filename>, that
+ contains a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ statement to a file, you can use an append file
+ to cause the build to use your own version of
+ the file.
+ For example, an append file in your layer at
+ <filename>meta-one/recipes-core/base-files/base-files.bbappend</filename>
+ could extend
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESPATH'><filename>FILESPATH</filename></ulink>
+ using
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></ulink>
+ as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/${BPN}:"
+ </literallayout>
+ The build for machine "one" will pick up your
+ machine-specific file as long as you have the
+ file in
+ <filename>meta-one/recipes-core/base-files/base-files/</filename>.
+ However, if you are building for a different
+ machine and the
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file includes
+ the <filename>meta-one</filename> layer and
+ the location of your machine-specific file is
+ the first location where that file is found
+ according to <filename>FILESPATH</filename>,
+ builds for all machines will also use that
+ machine-specific file.</para>
+ <para>You can make sure that a machine-specific
+ file is used for a particular machine by putting
+ the file in a subdirectory specific to the
+ machine.
+ For example, rather than placing the file in
+ <filename>meta-one/recipes-core/base-files/base-files/</filename>
+ as shown above, put it in
+ <filename>meta-one/recipes-core/base-files/base-files/one/</filename>.
+ Not only does this make sure the file is used
+ only when building for machine "one", but the
+ build process locates the file more quickly.</para>
+ <para>In summary, you need to place all files
+ referenced from <filename>SRC_URI</filename>
+ in a machine-specific subdirectory within the
+ layer in order to restrict those files to
+ machine-specific builds.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='other-recommendations'>
+ <title>Other Recommendations</title>
+
+ <para>
+ We also recommend the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Store custom layers in a Git repository
+ that uses the
+ <filename>meta-<replaceable>layer_name</replaceable></filename> format.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Clone the repository alongside other
+ <filename>meta</filename> directories in the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ Following these recommendations keeps your Source Directory and
+ its configuration entirely inside the Yocto Project's core
+ base.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='enabling-your-layer'>
+ <title>Enabling Your Layer</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Before the OpenEmbedded build system can use your new layer,
+ you need to enable it.
+ To enable your layer, simply add your layer's path to the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBLAYERS'>BBLAYERS</ulink></filename>
+ variable in your <filename>conf/bblayers.conf</filename> file,
+ which is found in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ The following example shows how to enable a layer named
+ <filename>meta-mylayer</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LCONF_VERSION = "6"
+
+ BBPATH = "${TOPDIR}"
+ BBFILES ?= ""
+
+ BBLAYERS ?= " \
+ $HOME/poky/meta \
+ $HOME/poky/meta-yocto \
+ $HOME/poky/meta-yocto-bsp \
+ $HOME/poky/meta-mylayer \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake parses each <filename>conf/layer.conf</filename> file
+ as specified in the <filename>BBLAYERS</filename> variable
+ within the <filename>conf/bblayers.conf</filename> file.
+ During the processing of each
+ <filename>conf/layer.conf</filename> file, BitBake adds the
+ recipes, classes and configurations contained within the
+ particular layer to the source directory.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-bbappend-files'>
+ <title>Using .bbappend Files</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Recipes used to append Metadata to other recipes are called
+ BitBake append files.
+ BitBake append files use the <filename>.bbappend</filename> file
+ type suffix, while the corresponding recipes to which Metadata
+ is being appended use the <filename>.bb</filename> file type
+ suffix.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A <filename>.bbappend</filename> file allows your layer to make
+ additions or changes to the content of another layer's recipe
+ without having to copy the other recipe into your layer.
+ Your <filename>.bbappend</filename> file resides in your layer,
+ while the main <filename>.bb</filename> recipe file to
+ which you are appending Metadata resides in a different layer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Append files must have the same root names as their corresponding
+ recipes.
+ For example, the append file
+ <filename>someapp_&DISTRO;.bbappend</filename> must apply to
+ <filename>someapp_&DISTRO;.bb</filename>.
+ This means the original recipe and append file names are version
+ number-specific.
+ If the corresponding recipe is renamed to update to a newer
+ version, the corresponding <filename>.bbappend</filename> file must
+ be renamed (and possibly updated) as well.
+ During the build process, BitBake displays an error on starting
+ if it detects a <filename>.bbappend</filename> file that does
+ not have a corresponding recipe with a matching name.
+ See the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BB_DANGLINGAPPENDS_WARNONLY'><filename>BB_DANGLINGAPPENDS_WARNONLY</filename></ulink>
+ variable for information on how to handle this error.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Being able to append information to an existing recipe not only
+ avoids duplication, but also automatically applies recipe
+ changes in a different layer to your layer.
+ If you were copying recipes, you would have to manually merge
+ changes as they occur.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As an example, consider the main formfactor recipe and a
+ corresponding formfactor append file both from the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
+ Here is the main formfactor recipe, which is named
+ <filename>formfactor_0.0.bb</filename> and located in the
+ "meta" layer at
+ <filename>meta/recipes-bsp/formfactor</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SUMMARY = "Device formfactor information"
+ SECTION = "base"
+ LICENSE = "MIT"
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://${COREBASE}/LICENSE;md5=4d92cd373abda3937c2bc47fbc49d690 \
+ file://${COREBASE}/meta/COPYING.MIT;md5=3da9cfbcb788c80a0384361b4de20420"
+ PR = "r45"
+
+ SRC_URI = "file://config file://machconfig"
+ S = "${WORKDIR}"
+
+ PACKAGE_ARCH = "${MACHINE_ARCH}"
+ INHIBIT_DEFAULT_DEPS = "1"
+
+ do_install() {
+ # Install file only if it has contents
+ install -d ${D}${sysconfdir}/formfactor/
+ install -m 0644 ${S}/config ${D}${sysconfdir}/formfactor/
+ if [ -s "${S}/machconfig" ]; then
+ install -m 0644 ${S}/machconfig ${D}${sysconfdir}/formfactor/
+ fi
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ In the main recipe, note the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ variable, which tells the OpenEmbedded build system where to
+ find files during the build.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is the append file, which is named
+ <filename>formfactor_0.0.bbappend</filename> and is from the
+ Emenlow BSP Layer named
+ <filename>meta-intel/meta-emenlow</filename>.
+ The file is in <filename>recipes-bsp/formfactor</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/${PN}:"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the build system uses the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESPATH'><filename>FILESPATH</filename></ulink>
+ variable to locate files.
+ This append file extends the locations by setting the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ Setting this variable in the <filename>.bbappend</filename>
+ file is the most reliable and recommended method for adding
+ directories to the search path used by the build system
+ to find files.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The statement in this example extends the directories to include
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-THISDIR'><filename>THISDIR</filename></ulink><filename>}/${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>,
+ which resolves to a directory named
+ <filename>formfactor</filename> in the same directory
+ in which the append file resides (i.e.
+ <filename>meta-intel/meta-emenlow/recipes-bsp/formfactor/formfactor</filename>.
+ This implies that you must have the supporting directory
+ structure set up that will contain any files or patches you
+ will be including from the layer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Using the immediate expansion assignment operator
+ <filename>:=</filename> is important because of the reference to
+ <filename>THISDIR</filename>.
+ The trailing colon character is important as it ensures that
+ items in the list remain colon-separated.
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ BitBake automatically defines the
+ <filename>THISDIR</filename> variable.
+ You should never set this variable yourself.
+ Using "_prepend" as part of the
+ <filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename> ensures your path
+ will be searched prior to other paths in the final
+ list.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Also, not all append files add extra files.
+ Many append files simply exist to add build options
+ (e.g. <filename>systemd</filename>).
+ For these cases, your append file would not even
+ use the <filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename> statement.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='prioritizing-your-layer'>
+ <title>Prioritizing Your Layer</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Each layer is assigned a priority value.
+ Priority values control which layer takes precedence if there
+ are recipe files with the same name in multiple layers.
+ For these cases, the recipe file from the layer with a higher
+ priority number takes precedence.
+ Priority values also affect the order in which multiple
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> files for the same recipe are
+ applied.
+ You can either specify the priority manually, or allow the
+ build system to calculate it based on the layer's dependencies.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To specify the layer's priority manually, use the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBFILE_PRIORITY'><filename>BBFILE_PRIORITY</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ For example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BBFILE_PRIORITY_mylayer = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>It is possible for a recipe with a lower version number
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink>
+ in a layer that has a higher priority to take precedence.</para>
+ <para>Also, the layer priority does not currently affect the
+ precedence order of <filename>.conf</filename>
+ or <filename>.bbclass</filename> files.
+ Future versions of BitBake might address this.</para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='managing-layers'>
+ <title>Managing Layers</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use the BitBake layer management tool to provide a view
+ into the structure of recipes across a multi-layer project.
+ Being able to generate output that reports on configured layers
+ with their paths and priorities and on
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> files and their applicable
+ recipes can help to reveal potential problems.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the following form when running the layer management tool.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake-layers <replaceable>command</replaceable> [<replaceable>arguments</replaceable>]
+ </literallayout>
+ The following list describes the available commands:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename><emphasis>help:</emphasis></filename>
+ Displays general help or help on a specified command.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><emphasis>show-layers:</emphasis></filename>
+ Shows the current configured layers.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><emphasis>show-recipes:</emphasis></filename>
+ Lists available recipes and the layers that provide them.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><emphasis>show-overlayed:</emphasis></filename>
+ Lists overlayed recipes.
+ A recipe is overlayed when a recipe with the same name
+ exists in another layer that has a higher layer
+ priority.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><emphasis>show-appends:</emphasis></filename>
+ Lists <filename>.bbappend</filename> files and the
+ recipe files to which they apply.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><emphasis>show-cross-depends:</emphasis></filename>
+ Lists dependency relationships between recipes that
+ cross layer boundaries.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><emphasis>add-layer:</emphasis></filename>
+ Adds a layer to <filename>bblayers.conf</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><emphasis>remove-layer:</emphasis></filename>
+ Removes a layer from <filename>bblayers.conf</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><emphasis>flatten:</emphasis></filename>
+ Flattens the layer configuration into a separate output
+ directory.
+ Flattening your layer configuration builds a "flattened"
+ directory that contains the contents of all layers,
+ with any overlayed recipes removed and any
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> files appended to the
+ corresponding recipes.
+ You might have to perform some manual cleanup of the
+ flattened layer as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Non-recipe files (such as patches)
+ are overwritten.
+ The flatten command shows a warning for these
+ files.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Anything beyond the normal layer
+ setup has been added to the
+ <filename>layer.conf</filename> file.
+ Only the lowest priority layer's
+ <filename>layer.conf</filename> is used.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Overridden and appended items from
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> files need to be
+ cleaned up.
+ The contents of each
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> end up in the
+ flattened recipe.
+ However, if there are appended or changed
+ variable values, you need to tidy these up
+ yourself.
+ Consider the following example.
+ Here, the <filename>bitbake-layers</filename>
+ command adds the line
+ <filename>#### bbappended ...</filename> so that
+ you know where the following lines originate:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ...
+ DESCRIPTION = "A useful utility"
+ ...
+ EXTRA_OECONF = "--enable-something"
+ ...
+
+ #### bbappended from meta-anotherlayer ####
+
+ DESCRIPTION = "Customized utility"
+ EXTRA_OECONF += "--enable-somethingelse"
+ </literallayout>
+ Ideally, you would tidy up these utilities as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ...
+ DESCRIPTION = "Customized utility"
+ ...
+ EXTRA_OECONF = "--enable-something --enable-somethingelse"
+ ...
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-a-general-layer-using-the-yocto-layer-script'>
+ <title>Creating a General Layer Using the yocto-layer Script</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>yocto-layer</filename> script simplifies
+ creating a new general layer.
+ <note>
+ For information on BSP layers, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-layers'>BSP Layers</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Specific (BSP)
+ Developer's Guide.
+ </note>
+ The default mode of the script's operation is to prompt you for
+ information needed to generate the layer:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The layer priority.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Whether or not to create a sample recipe.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Whether or not to create a sample
+ append file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the <filename>yocto-layer create</filename> sub-command
+ to create a new general layer.
+ In its simplest form, you can create a layer as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-layer create mylayer
+ </literallayout>
+ The previous example creates a layer named
+ <filename>meta-mylayer</filename> in the current directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As the <filename>yocto-layer create</filename> command runs,
+ default values for the prompts appear in brackets.
+ Pressing enter without supplying anything for the prompts
+ or pressing enter and providing an invalid response causes the
+ script to accept the default value.
+ Once the script completes, the new layer
+ is created in the current working directory.
+ The script names the layer by prepending
+ <filename>meta-</filename> to the name you provide.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Minimally, the script creates the following within the layer:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>The <filename>conf</filename>
+ directory:</emphasis>
+ This directory contains the layer's configuration file.
+ The root name for the file is the same as the root name
+ your provided for the layer (e.g.
+ <filename><replaceable>layer</replaceable>.conf</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>The
+ <filename>COPYING.MIT</filename> file:</emphasis>
+ The copyright and use notice for the software.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>The <filename>README</filename>
+ file:</emphasis>
+ A file describing the contents of your new layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you choose to generate a sample recipe file, the script
+ prompts you for the name for the recipe and then creates it
+ in <filename><replaceable>layer</replaceable>/recipes-example/example/</filename>.
+ The script creates a <filename>.bb</filename> file and a
+ directory, which contains a sample
+ <filename>helloworld.c</filename> source file, along with
+ a sample patch file.
+ If you do not provide a recipe name, the script uses
+ "example".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you choose to generate a sample append file, the script
+ prompts you for the name for the file and then creates it
+ in <filename><replaceable>layer</replaceable>/recipes-example-bbappend/example-bbappend/</filename>.
+ The script creates a <filename>.bbappend</filename> file and a
+ directory, which contains a sample patch file.
+ If you do not provide a recipe name, the script uses
+ "example".
+ The script also prompts you for the version of the append file.
+ The version should match the recipe to which the append file
+ is associated.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The easiest way to see how the <filename>yocto-layer</filename>
+ script works is to experiment with the script.
+ You can also read the usage information by entering the
+ following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ yocto-layer help
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you create your general layer, you must add it to your
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file.
+ Here is an example where a layer named
+ <filename>meta-mylayer</filename> is added:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BBLAYERS = ?" \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta-yocto \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta-yocto-bsp \
+ /usr/local/src/yocto/meta-mylayer \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ Adding the layer to this file enables the build system to
+ locate the layer during the build.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-extend-customimage'>
+ <title>Customizing Images</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can customize images to satisfy particular requirements.
+ This section describes several methods and provides guidelines for each.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-extend-customimage-localconf'>
+ <title>Customizing Images Using <filename>local.conf</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Probably the easiest way to customize an image is to add a
+ package by way of the <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ configuration file.
+ Because it is limited to local use, this method generally only
+ allows you to add packages and is not as flexible as creating
+ your own customized image.
+ When you add packages using local variables this way, you need
+ to realize that these variable changes are in effect for every
+ build and consequently affect all images, which might not
+ be what you require.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To add a package to your image using the local configuration
+ file, use the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_INSTALL'>IMAGE_INSTALL</ulink></filename>
+ variable with the <filename>_append</filename> operator:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " strace"
+ </literallayout>
+ Use of the syntax is important - specifically, the space between
+ the quote and the package name, which is
+ <filename>strace</filename> in this example.
+ This space is required since the <filename>_append</filename>
+ operator does not add the space.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Furthermore, you must use <filename>_append</filename> instead
+ of the <filename>+=</filename> operator if you want to avoid
+ ordering issues.
+ The reason for this is because doing so unconditionally appends
+ to the variable and avoids ordering problems due to the
+ variable being set in image recipes and
+ <filename>.bbclass</filename> files with operators like
+ <filename>?=</filename>.
+ Using <filename>_append</filename> ensures the operation takes
+ affect.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As shown in its simplest use,
+ <filename>IMAGE_INSTALL_append</filename> affects all images.
+ It is possible to extend the syntax so that the variable
+ applies to a specific image only.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_INSTALL_append_pn-core-image-minimal = " strace"
+ </literallayout>
+ This example adds <filename>strace</filename> to the
+ <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> image only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can add packages using a similar approach through the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL'>CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL</ulink></filename>
+ variable.
+ If you use this variable, only
+ <filename>core-image-*</filename> images are affected.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-extend-customimage-imagefeatures'>
+ <title>Customizing Images Using Custom <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> and
+ <filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Another method for customizing your image is to enable or
+ disable high-level image features by using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ and <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ variables.
+ Although the functions for both variables are nearly equivalent,
+ best practices dictate using <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename>
+ from within a recipe and using
+ <filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> from within
+ your <filename>local.conf</filename> file, which is found in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To understand how these features work, the best reference is
+ <filename>meta/classes/core-image.bbclass</filename>.
+ This class lists out the available
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ of which most map to package groups while some, such as
+ <filename>debug-tweaks</filename> and
+ <filename>read-only-rootfs</filename>, resolve as general
+ configuration settings.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In summary, the file looks at the contents of the
+ <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> variable and then maps
+ or configures the feature accordingly.
+ Based on this information, the build system automatically
+ adds the appropriate packages or configurations to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ Effectively, you are enabling extra features by extending the
+ class or creating a custom class for use with specialized image
+ <filename>.bb</filename> files.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the <filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> variable
+ from within your local configuration file.
+ Using a separate area from which to enable features with
+ this variable helps you avoid overwriting the features in the
+ image recipe that are enabled with
+ <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename>.
+ The value of <filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> is added
+ to <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> within
+ <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To illustrate how you can use these variables to modify your
+ image, consider an example that selects the SSH server.
+ The Yocto Project ships with two SSH servers you can use
+ with your images: Dropbear and OpenSSH.
+ Dropbear is a minimal SSH server appropriate for
+ resource-constrained environments, while OpenSSH is a
+ well-known standard SSH server implementation.
+ By default, the <filename>core-image-sato</filename> image
+ is configured to use Dropbear.
+ The <filename>core-image-full-cmdline</filename> and
+ <filename>core-image-lsb</filename> images both
+ include OpenSSH.
+ The <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> image does not
+ contain an SSH server.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can customize your image and change these defaults.
+ Edit the <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> variable
+ in your recipe or use the
+ <filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file so that it configures the
+ image you are working with to include
+ <filename>ssh-server-dropbear</filename> or
+ <filename>ssh-server-openssh</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for a complete
+ list of image features that ship with the Yocto Project.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-extend-customimage-custombb'>
+ <title>Customizing Images Using Custom .bb Files</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can also customize an image by creating a custom recipe
+ that defines additional software as part of the image.
+ The following example shows the form for the two lines you need:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_INSTALL = "packagegroup-core-x11-base package1 package2"
+
+ inherit core-image
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Defining the software using a custom recipe gives you total
+ control over the contents of the image.
+ It is important to use the correct names of packages in the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_INSTALL'>IMAGE_INSTALL</ulink></filename>
+ variable.
+ You must use the OpenEmbedded notation and not the Debian notation for the names
+ (e.g. <filename>glibc-dev</filename> instead of <filename>libc6-dev</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The other method for creating a custom image is to base it on an existing image.
+ For example, if you want to create an image based on <filename>core-image-sato</filename>
+ but add the additional package <filename>strace</filename> to the image,
+ copy the <filename>meta/recipes-sato/images/core-image-sato.bb</filename> to a
+ new <filename>.bb</filename> and add the following line to the end of the copy:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_INSTALL += "strace"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-extend-customimage-customtasks'>
+ <title>Customizing Images Using Custom Package Groups</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For complex custom images, the best approach for customizing
+ an image is to create a custom package group recipe that is
+ used to build the image or images.
+ A good example of a package group recipe is
+ <filename>meta/recipes-core/packagegroups/packagegroup-base.bb</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you examine that recipe, you see that the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGES'>PACKAGES</ulink></filename>
+ variable lists the package group packages to produce.
+ The <filename>inherit packagegroup</filename> statement
+ sets appropriate default values and automatically adds
+ <filename>-dev</filename>, <filename>-dbg</filename>, and
+ <filename>-ptest</filename> complementary packages for each
+ package specified in the <filename>PACKAGES</filename>
+ statement.
+ <note>
+ The <filename>inherit packages</filename> should be
+ located near the top of the recipe, certainly before
+ the <filename>PACKAGES</filename> statement.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For each package you specify in <filename>PACKAGES</filename>,
+ you can use
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RDEPENDS'>RDEPENDS</ulink></filename>
+ and
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RRECOMMENDS'>RRECOMMENDS</ulink></filename>
+ entries to provide a list of packages the parent task package
+ should contain.
+ You can see examples of these further down in the
+ <filename>packagegroup-base.bb</filename> recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is a short, fabricated example showing the same basic
+ pieces:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DESCRIPTION = "My Custom Package Groups"
+
+ inherit packagegroup
+
+ PACKAGES = "\
+ packagegroup-custom-apps \
+ packagegroup-custom-tools \
+ "
+
+ RDEPENDS_packagegroup-custom-apps = "\
+ dropbear \
+ portmap \
+ psplash"
+
+ RDEPENDS_packagegroup-custom-tools = "\
+ oprofile \
+ oprofileui-server \
+ lttng-tools"
+
+ RRECOMMENDS_packagegroup-custom-tools = "\
+ kernel-module-oprofile"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the previous example, two package group packages are created with their dependencies and their
+ recommended package dependencies listed: <filename>packagegroup-custom-apps</filename>, and
+ <filename>packagegroup-custom-tools</filename>.
+ To build an image using these package group packages, you need to add
+ <filename>packagegroup-custom-apps</filename> and/or
+ <filename>packagegroup-custom-tools</filename> to
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_INSTALL'>IMAGE_INSTALL</ulink></filename>.
+ For other forms of image dependencies see the other areas of this section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-extend-customimage-image-name'>
+ <title>Customizing an Image Hostname</title>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the configured hostname (i.e.
+ <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>) in an image is the
+ same as the machine name.
+ For example, if
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ equals "qemux86", the configured hostname written to
+ <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> is "qemux86".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can customize this name by altering the value of the
+ "hostname" variable in the
+ <filename>base-files</filename> recipe using either
+ an append file or a configuration file.
+ Use the following in an append file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ hostname="myhostname"
+ </literallayout>
+ Use the following in a configuration file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ hostname_pn-base-files = "myhostname"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Changing the default value of the variable "hostname" can be
+ useful in certain situations.
+ For example, suppose you need to do extensive testing on an
+ image and you would like to easily identify the image
+ under test from existing images with typical default
+ hostnames.
+ In this situation, you could change the default hostname to
+ "testme", which results in all the images using the name
+ "testme".
+ Once testing is complete and you do not need to rebuild the
+ image for test any longer, you can easily reset the default
+ hostname.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Another point of interest is that if you unset the variable,
+ the image will have no default hostname in the filesystem.
+ Here is an example that unsets the variable in a
+ configuration file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ hostname_pn-base-files = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ Having no default hostname in the filesystem is suitable for
+ environments that use dynamic hostnames such as virtual
+ machines.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-writing-a-new-recipe'>
+ <title>Writing a New Recipe</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Recipes (<filename>.bb</filename> files) are fundamental components
+ in the Yocto Project environment.
+ Each software component built by the OpenEmbedded build system
+ requires a recipe to define the component.
+ This section describes how to create, write, and test a new
+ recipe.
+ <note>
+ For information on variables that are useful for recipes and
+ for information about recipe naming issues, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-varlocality-recipe-required'>Required</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-overview'>
+ <title>Overview</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following figure shows the basic process for creating a
+ new recipe.
+ The remainder of the section provides details for the steps.
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/recipe-workflow.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-locate-or-automatically-create-a-base-recipe'>
+ <title>Locate or Automatically Create a Base Recipe</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can always write a recipe from scratch.
+ However, two choices exist that can help you quickly get a
+ start on a new recipe:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>recipetool</filename>:</emphasis>
+ A tool provided by the Yocto Project that automates
+ creation of a base recipe based on the source
+ files.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Existing Recipes:</emphasis>
+ Location and modification of an existing recipe that is
+ similar in function to the recipe you need.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-creating-the-base-recipe-using-recipetool'>
+ <title>Creating the Base Recipe Using <filename>recipetool</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>recipetool</filename> automates creation of
+ a base recipe given a set of source code files.
+ As long as you can extract or point to the source files,
+ the tool will construct a recipe and automatically
+ configure all pre-build information into the recipe.
+ For example, suppose you have an application that builds
+ using Autotools.
+ Creating the base recipe using
+ <filename>recipetool</filename> results in a recipe
+ that has the pre-build dependencies, license requirements,
+ and checksums configured.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To run the tool, you just need to be in your
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>
+ and have sourced the build environment setup script
+ (i.e.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>).
+ Here is the basic <filename>recipetool</filename> syntax:
+ <note>
+ Running <filename>recipetool -h</filename> or
+ <filename>recipetool create -h</filename> produces the
+ Python-generated help, which presented differently
+ than what follows here.
+ </note>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ recipetool -h
+ recipetool create [-h]
+ recipetool [-d] [-q] [--color auto | always | never ] create -o <replaceable>OUTFILE</replaceable> [-m] [-x <replaceable>EXTERNALSRC</replaceable>] <replaceable>source</replaceable>
+
+ -d Enables debug output.
+ -q Outputs only errors (quiet mode).
+ --color Colorizes the output automatically, always, or never.
+ -h Displays Python generated syntax for recipetool.
+ create Causes recipetool to create a base recipe. The create
+ command is further defined with these options:
+
+ -o <replaceable>OUTFILE</replaceable> Specifies the full path and filename for the generated
+ recipe.
+ -m Causes the recipe to be machine-specific rather than
+ architecture-specific (default).
+ -x <replaceable>EXTERNALSRC</replaceable> Fetches and extracts source files from <replaceable>source</replaceable>
+ and places them in <replaceable>EXTERNALSRC</replaceable>.
+ <replaceable>source</replaceable> must be a URL.
+ -h Displays Python-generated syntax for create.
+ <replaceable>source</replaceable> Specifies the source code on which to base the
+ recipe.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Running <filename>recipetool create -o</filename> <replaceable>OUTFILE</replaceable>
+ creates the base recipe and locates it properly in the
+ layer that contains your source files.
+ Following are some syntax examples:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use this syntax to generate a recipe based on <replaceable>source</replaceable>.
+ Once generated, the recipe resides in the existing source
+ code layer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ recipetool create -o <replaceable>OUTFILE</replaceable> <replaceable>source</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ Use this syntax to generate a recipe using code that you
+ extract from <replaceable>source</replaceable>.
+ The extracted code is placed in its own layer defined
+ by <replaceable>EXTERNALSRC</replaceable>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ recipetool create -o <replaceable>OUTFILE</replaceable> -x <replaceable>EXTERNALSRC</replaceable> <replaceable>source</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ Use this syntax to generate a recipe based on <replaceable>source</replaceable>.
+ The options direct <filename>recipetool</filename> to
+ run in "quiet mode" and to generate debugging information.
+ Once generated, the recipe resides in the existing source
+ code layer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ recipetool create -o <replaceable>OUTFILE</replaceable> <replaceable>source</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-locating-and-using-a-similar-recipe'>
+ <title>Locating and Using a Similar Recipe</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Before writing a recipe from scratch, it is often useful to
+ discover whether someone else has already written one that
+ meets (or comes close to meeting) your needs.
+ The Yocto Project and OpenEmbedded communities maintain many
+ recipes that might be candidates for what you are doing.
+ You can find a good central index of these recipes in the
+ <ulink url='http://layers.openembedded.org'>OpenEmbedded metadata index</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Working from an existing recipe or a skeleton recipe is the
+ best way to get started.
+ Here are some points on both methods:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Locate and modify a recipe that
+ is close to what you want to do:</emphasis>
+ This method works when you are familiar with the
+ current recipe space.
+ The method does not work so well for those new to
+ the Yocto Project or writing recipes.</para>
+ <para>Some risks associated with this method are
+ using a recipe that has areas totally unrelated to
+ what you are trying to accomplish with your recipe,
+ not recognizing areas of the recipe that you might
+ have to add from scratch, and so forth.
+ All these risks stem from unfamiliarity with the
+ existing recipe space.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Use and modify the following
+ skeleton recipe:</emphasis>
+ If for some reason you do not want to use
+ <filename>recipetool</filename> and you cannot
+ find an existing recipe that is close to meeting
+ your needs, you can use the following structure to
+ provide the fundamental areas of a new recipe.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DESCRIPTION = ""
+ HOMEPAGE = ""
+ LICENSE = ""
+ SECTION = ""
+ DEPENDS = ""
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = ""
+
+ SRC_URI = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-storing-and-naming-the-recipe'>
+ <title>Storing and Naming the Recipe</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you have your base recipe, you should put it in your
+ own layer and name it appropriately.
+ Locating it correctly ensures that the OpenEmbedded build
+ system can find it when you use BitBake to process the
+ recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Storing Your Recipe:</emphasis>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system locates your recipe
+ through the layer's <filename>conf/layer.conf</filename>
+ file and the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBFILES'><filename>BBFILES</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ This variable sets up a path from which the build system can
+ locate recipes.
+ Here is the typical use:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BBFILES += "${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bb \
+ ${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bbappend"
+ </literallayout>
+ Consequently, you need to be sure you locate your new recipe
+ inside your layer such that it can be found.</para>
+ <para>You can find more information on how layers are
+ structured in the
+ "<link linkend='understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding and Creating Layers</link>"
+ section.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Naming Your Recipe:</emphasis>
+ When you name your recipe, you need to follow this naming
+ convention:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>basename</replaceable>_<replaceable>version</replaceable>.bb
+ </literallayout>
+ Use lower-cased characters and do not include the reserved
+ suffixes <filename>-native</filename>,
+ <filename>-cross</filename>, <filename>-initial</filename>,
+ or <filename>-dev</filename> casually (i.e. do not use them
+ as part of your recipe name unless the string applies).
+ Here are some examples:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ cups_1.7.0.bb
+ gawk_4.0.2.bb
+ irssi_0.8.16-rc1.bb
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='understanding-recipe-syntax'>
+ <title>Understanding Recipe Syntax</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Understanding recipe file syntax is important for
+ writing recipes.
+ The following list overviews the basic items that make up a
+ BitBake recipe file.
+ For more complete BitBake syntax descriptions, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual-metadata'>Syntax and Operators</ulink>"
+ chapter of the BitBake User Manual.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Variable Assignments and Manipulations:</emphasis>
+ Variable assignments allow a value to be assigned to a
+ variable.
+ The assignment can be static text or might include
+ the contents of other variables.
+ In addition to the assignment, appending and prepending
+ operations are also supported.</para>
+ <para>The following example shows some of the ways
+ you can use variables in recipes:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ S = "${WORKDIR}/postfix-${PV}"
+ CFLAGS += "-DNO_ASM"
+ SRC_URI_append = " file://fixup.patch"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Functions:</emphasis>
+ Functions provide a series of actions to be performed.
+ You usually use functions to override the default
+ implementation of a task function or to complement
+ a default function (i.e. append or prepend to an
+ existing function).
+ Standard functions use <filename>sh</filename> shell
+ syntax, although access to OpenEmbedded variables and
+ internal methods are also available.</para>
+ <para>The following is an example function from the
+ <filename>sed</filename> recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ do_install () {
+ autotools_do_install
+ install -d ${D}${base_bindir}
+ mv ${D}${bindir}/sed ${D}${base_bindir}/sed
+ rmdir ${D}${bindir}/
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ It is also possible to implement new functions that
+ are called between existing tasks as long as the
+ new functions are not replacing or complementing the
+ default functions.
+ You can implement functions in Python
+ instead of shell.
+ Both of these options are not seen in the majority of
+ recipes.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Keywords:</emphasis>
+ BitBake recipes use only a few keywords.
+ You use keywords to include common
+ functions (<filename>inherit</filename>), load parts
+ of a recipe from other files
+ (<filename>include</filename> and
+ <filename>require</filename>) and export variables
+ to the environment (<filename>export</filename>).</para>
+ <para>The following example shows the use of some of
+ these keywords:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ export POSTCONF = "${STAGING_BINDIR}/postconf"
+ inherit autoconf
+ require otherfile.inc
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Comments:</emphasis>
+ Any lines that begin with the hash character
+ (<filename>#</filename>) are treated as comment lines
+ and are ignored:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # This is a comment
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This next list summarizes the most important and most commonly
+ used parts of the recipe syntax.
+ For more information on these parts of the syntax, you can
+ reference the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual-metadata'>Syntax and Operators</ulink>
+ chapter in the BitBake User Manual.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Line Continuation: <filename>\</filename></emphasis> -
+ Use the backward slash (<filename>\</filename>)
+ character to split a statement over multiple lines.
+ Place the slash character at the end of the line that
+ is to be continued on the next line:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ VAR = "A really long \
+ line"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ You cannot have any characters including spaces
+ or tabs after the slash character.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Using Variables: <filename>${...}</filename></emphasis> -
+ Use the <filename>${<replaceable>varname</replaceable>}</filename> syntax to
+ access the contents of a variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI = "${SOURCEFORGE_MIRROR}/libpng/zlib-${PV}.tar.gz"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Quote All Assignments: <filename>"<replaceable>value</replaceable>"</filename></emphasis> -
+ Use double quotes around the value in all variable
+ assignments.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ VAR1 = "${OTHERVAR}"
+ VAR2 = "The version is ${PV}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Conditional Assignment: <filename>?=</filename></emphasis> -
+ Conditional assignment is used to assign a value to
+ a variable, but only when the variable is currently
+ unset.
+ Use the question mark followed by the equal sign
+ (<filename>?=</filename>) to make a "soft" assignment
+ used for conditional assignment.
+ Typically, "soft" assignments are used in the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file for variables
+ that are allowed to come through from the external
+ environment.
+ </para>
+ <para>Here is an example where
+ <filename>VAR1</filename> is set to "New value" if
+ it is currently empty.
+ However, if <filename>VAR1</filename> has already been
+ set, it remains unchanged:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ VAR1 ?= "New value"
+ </literallayout>
+ In this next example, <filename>VAR1</filename>
+ is left with the value "Original value":
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ VAR1 = "Original value"
+ VAR1 ?= "New value"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Appending: <filename>+=</filename></emphasis> -
+ Use the plus character followed by the equals sign
+ (<filename>+=</filename>) to append values to existing
+ variables.
+ <note>
+ This operator adds a space between the existing
+ content of the variable and the new content.
+ </note></para>
+ <para>Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI += "file://fix-makefile.patch"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Prepending: <filename>=+</filename></emphasis> -
+ Use the equals sign followed by the plus character
+ (<filename>=+</filename>) to prepend values to existing
+ variables.
+ <note>
+ This operator adds a space between the new content
+ and the existing content of the variable.
+ </note></para>
+ <para>Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ VAR =+ "Starts"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Appending: <filename>_append</filename></emphasis> -
+ Use the <filename>_append</filename> operator to
+ append values to existing variables.
+ This operator does not add any additional space.
+ Also, the operator is applied after all the
+ <filename>+=</filename>, and
+ <filename>=+</filename> operators have been applied and
+ after all <filename>=</filename> assignments have
+ occurred.
+ </para>
+ <para>The following example shows the space being
+ explicitly added to the start to ensure the appended
+ value is not merged with the existing value:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI_append = " file://fix-makefile.patch"
+ </literallayout>
+ You can also use the <filename>_append</filename>
+ operator with overrides, which results in the actions
+ only being performed for the specified target or
+ machine:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI_append_sh4 = " file://fix-makefile.patch"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Prepending: <filename>_prepend</filename></emphasis> -
+ Use the <filename>_prepend</filename> operator to
+ prepend values to existing variables.
+ This operator does not add any additional space.
+ Also, the operator is applied after all the
+ <filename>+=</filename>, and
+ <filename>=+</filename> operators have been applied and
+ after all <filename>=</filename> assignments have
+ occurred.
+ </para>
+ <para>The following example shows the space being
+ explicitly added to the end to ensure the prepended
+ value is not merged with the existing value:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ CFLAGS_prepend = "-I${S}/myincludes "
+ </literallayout>
+ You can also use the <filename>_prepend</filename>
+ operator with overrides, which results in the actions
+ only being performed for the specified target or
+ machine:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ CFLAGS_prepend_sh4 = "-I${S}/myincludes "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Overrides:</emphasis> -
+ You can use overrides to set a value conditionally,
+ typically based on how the recipe is being built.
+ For example, to set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KBRANCH'><filename>KBRANCH</filename></ulink>
+ variable's value to "standard/base" for any target
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>,
+ except for qemuarm where it should be set to
+ "standard/arm-versatile-926ejs", you would do the
+ following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KBRANCH = "standard/base"
+ KBRANCH_qemuarm = "standard/arm-versatile-926ejs"
+ </literallayout>
+ Overrides are also used to separate alternate values
+ of a variable in other situations.
+ For example, when setting variables such as
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></ulink>
+ and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ that are specific to individual packages produced by
+ a recipe, you should always use an override that
+ specifies the name of the package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Indentation:</emphasis>
+ Use spaces for indentation rather than than tabs.
+ For shell functions, both currently work.
+ However, it is a policy decision of the Yocto Project
+ to use tabs in shell functions.
+ Realize that some layers have a policy to use spaces
+ for all indentation.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Using Python for Complex Operations: <filename>${@<replaceable>python_code</replaceable>}</filename></emphasis> -
+ For more advanced processing, it is possible to use
+ Python code during variable assignments (e.g.
+ search and replacement on a variable).</para>
+ <para>You indicate Python code using the
+ <filename>${@<replaceable>python_code</replaceable>}</filename>
+ syntax for the variable assignment:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI = "ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/src/zip${@d.getVar('PV',1).replace('.', '')}.tgz
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Shell Function Syntax:</emphasis>
+ Write shell functions as if you were writing a shell
+ script when you describe a list of actions to take.
+ You should ensure that your script works with a generic
+ <filename>sh</filename> and that it does not require
+ any <filename>bash</filename> or other shell-specific
+ functionality.
+ The same considerations apply to various system
+ utilities (e.g. <filename>sed</filename>,
+ <filename>grep</filename>, <filename>awk</filename>,
+ and so forth) that you might wish to use.
+ If in doubt, you should check with multiple
+ implementations - including those from BusyBox.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-running-a-build-on-the-recipe'>
+ <title>Running a Build on the Recipe</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creating a new recipe is usually an iterative process that
+ requires using BitBake to process the recipe multiple times in
+ order to progressively discover and add information to the
+ recipe file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Assuming you have sourced a build environment setup script (i.e.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>)
+ and you are in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>,
+ use BitBake to process your recipe.
+ All you need to provide is the
+ <filename><replaceable>basename</replaceable></filename> of the recipe as described
+ in the previous section:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake <replaceable>basename</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ During the build, the OpenEmbedded build system creates a
+ temporary work directory for each recipe
+ (<filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>)
+ where it keeps extracted source files, log files, intermediate
+ compilation and packaging files, and so forth.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The per-recipe temporary work directory is constructed as follows and
+ depends on several factors:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BASE_WORKDIR ?= "${TMPDIR}/work"
+ WORKDIR = "${BASE_WORKDIR}/${MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS}/${PN}/${EXTENDPE}${PV}-${PR}"
+ </literallayout>
+ As an example, assume a Source Directory top-level folder named
+ <filename>poky</filename>, a default Build Directory at
+ <filename>poky/build</filename>, and a
+ <filename>qemux86-poky-linux</filename> machine target system.
+ Furthermore, suppose your recipe is named
+ <filename>foo_1.3.0.bb</filename>.
+ In this case, the work directory the build system uses to
+ build the package would be as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ poky/build/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/foo/1.3.0-r0
+ </literallayout>
+ Inside this directory you can find sub-directories such as
+ <filename>image</filename>, <filename>packages-split</filename>,
+ and <filename>temp</filename>.
+ After the build, you can examine these to determine how well
+ the build went.
+ <note>
+ You can find log files for each task in the recipe's
+ <filename>temp</filename> directory (e.g.
+ <filename>poky/build/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/foo/1.3.0-r0/temp</filename>).
+ Log files are named <filename>log.<replaceable>taskname</replaceable></filename>
+ (e.g. <filename>log.do_configure</filename>,
+ <filename>log.do_fetch</filename>, and
+ <filename>log.do_compile</filename>).
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find more information about the build process in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#closer-look'>A Closer Look at the Yocto Project Development Environment</ulink>"
+ chapter of the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can also reference the following variables in the
+ Yocto Project Reference Manual's glossary for more information:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></ulink>:
+ The top-level build output directory</listitem>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS'><filename>MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS</filename></ulink>:
+ The target system identifier</listitem>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></ulink>:
+ The recipe name</listitem>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTENDPE'><filename>EXTENDPE</filename></ulink>:
+ The epoch - (if
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PE'><filename>PE</filename></ulink>
+ is not specified, which is usually the case for most
+ recipes, then <filename>EXTENDPE</filename> is blank)</listitem>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink>:
+ The recipe version</listitem>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></ulink>:
+ The recipe revision</listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-fetching-code'>
+ <title>Fetching Code</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The first thing your recipe must do is specify how to fetch
+ the source files.
+ Fetching is controlled mainly through the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ Your recipe must have a <filename>SRC_URI</filename> variable
+ that points to where the source is located.
+ For a graphical representation of source locations, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#sources-dev-environment'>Sources</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-fetch'><filename>do_fetch</filename></ulink>
+ task uses the prefix of each entry in the
+ <filename>SRC_URI</filename> variable value to determine which
+ fetcher to use to get your source files.
+ It is the <filename>SRC_URI</filename> variable that triggers
+ the fetcher.
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-patch'><filename>do_patch</filename></ulink>
+ task uses the variable after source is fetched to apply
+ patches.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESOVERRIDES'><filename>FILESOVERRIDES</filename></ulink>
+ for scanning directory locations for local files in
+ <filename>SRC_URI</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>SRC_URI</filename> variable in your recipe must
+ define each unique location for your source files.
+ It is good practice to not hard-code pathnames in an URL used
+ in <filename>SRC_URI</filename>.
+ Rather than hard-code these paths, use
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>,
+ which causes the fetch process to use the version specified in
+ the recipe filename.
+ Specifying the version in this manner means that upgrading the
+ recipe to a future version is as simple as renaming the recipe
+ to match the new version.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is a simple example from the
+ <filename>meta/recipes-devtools/cdrtools/cdrtools-native_3.01a20.bb</filename>
+ recipe where the source comes from a single tarball.
+ Notice the use of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink>
+ variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI = "ftp://ftp.berlios.de/pub/cdrecord/alpha/cdrtools-${PV}.tar.bz2"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Files mentioned in <filename>SRC_URI</filename> whose names end
+ in a typical archive extension (e.g. <filename>.tar</filename>,
+ <filename>.tar.gz</filename>, <filename>.tar.bz2</filename>,
+ <filename>.zip</filename>, and so forth), are automatically
+ extracted during the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-unpack'><filename>do_unpack</filename></ulink>
+ task.
+ For another example that specifies these types of files, see
+ the
+ "<link linkend='new-recipe-autotooled-package'>Autotooled Package</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Another way of specifying source is from an SCM.
+ For Git repositories, you must specify
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRCREV'><filename>SRCREV</filename></ulink>
+ and you should specify
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink>
+ to include the revision with
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRCPV'><filename>SRCPV</filename></ulink>.
+ Here is an example from the recipe
+ <filename>meta/recipes-kernel/blktrace/blktrace_git.bb</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRCREV = "d6918c8832793b4205ed3bfede78c2f915c23385"
+
+ PR = "r6"
+ PV = "1.0.5+git${SRCPV}"
+
+ SRC_URI = "git://git.kernel.dk/blktrace.git \
+ file://ldflags.patch"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If your <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statement includes
+ URLs pointing to individual files fetched from a remote server
+ other than a version control system, BitBake attempts to
+ verify the files against checksums defined in your recipe to
+ ensure they have not been tampered with or otherwise modified
+ since the recipe was written.
+ Two checksums are used:
+ <filename>SRC_URI[md5sum]</filename> and
+ <filename>SRC_URI[sha256sum]</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If your <filename>SRC_URI</filename> variable points to
+ more than a single URL (excluding SCM URLs), you need to
+ provide the <filename>md5</filename> and
+ <filename>sha256</filename> checksums for each URL.
+ For these cases, you provide a name for each URL as part of
+ the <filename>SRC_URI</filename> and then reference that name
+ in the subsequent checksum statements.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI = "${DEBIAN_MIRROR}/main/a/apmd/apmd_3.2.2.orig.tar.gz;name=tarball \
+ ${DEBIAN_MIRROR}/main/a/apmd/apmd_${PV}.diff.gz;name=patch
+
+ SRC_URI[tarball.md5sum] = "b1e6309e8331e0f4e6efd311c2d97fa8"
+ SRC_URI[tarball.sha256sum] = "7f7d9f60b7766b852881d40b8ff91d8e39fccb0d1d913102a5c75a2dbb52332d"
+
+ SRC_URI[patch.md5sum] = "57e1b689264ea80f78353519eece0c92"
+ SRC_URI[patch.sha256sum] = "7905ff96be93d725544d0040e425c42f9c05580db3c272f11cff75b9aa89d430"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Proper values for <filename>md5</filename> and
+ <filename>sha256</filename> checksums might be available
+ with other signatures on the download page for the upstream
+ source (e.g. <filename>md5</filename>,
+ <filename>sha1</filename>, <filename>sha256</filename>,
+ <filename>GPG</filename>, and so forth).
+ Because the OpenEmbedded build system only deals with
+ <filename>sha256sum</filename> and <filename>md5sum</filename>,
+ you should verify all the signatures you find by hand.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If no <filename>SRC_URI</filename> checksums are specified
+ when you attempt to build the recipe, or you provide an
+ incorrect checksum, the build will produce an error for each
+ missing or incorrect checksum.
+ As part of the error message, the build system provides
+ the checksum string corresponding to the fetched file.
+ Once you have the correct checksums, you can copy and paste
+ them into your recipe and then run the build again to continue.
+ <note>
+ As mentioned, if the upstream source provides signatures
+ for verifying the downloaded source code, you should
+ verify those manually before setting the checksum values
+ in the recipe and continuing with the build.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This final example is a bit more complicated and is from the
+ <filename>meta/recipes-sato/rxvt-unicode/rxvt-unicode_9.20.bb</filename>
+ recipe.
+ The example's <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statement identifies
+ multiple files as the source files for the recipe: a tarball, a
+ patch file, a desktop file, and an icon.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI = "http://dist.schmorp.de/rxvt-unicode/Attic/rxvt-unicode-${PV}.tar.bz2 \
+ file://xwc.patch \
+ file://rxvt.desktop \
+ file://rxvt.png"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you specify local files using the
+ <filename>file://</filename> URI protocol, the build system
+ fetches files from the local machine.
+ The path is relative to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESPATH'><filename>FILESPATH</filename></ulink>
+ variable and searches specific directories in a certain order:
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BP'><filename>BP</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>,
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BPN'><filename>BPN</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>,
+ and <filename>files</filename>.
+ The directories are assumed to be subdirectories of the
+ directory in which the recipe or append file resides.
+ For another example that specifies these types of files, see the
+ "<link linkend='new-recipe-single-c-file-package-hello-world'>Single .c File Package (Hello World!)</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The previous example also specifies a patch file.
+ Patch files are files whose names usually end in
+ <filename>.patch</filename> or <filename>.diff</filename> but
+ can end with compressed suffixes such as
+ <filename>diff.gz</filename> and
+ <filename>patch.bz2</filename>, for example.
+ The build system automatically applies patches as described
+ in the
+ "<link linkend='new-recipe-patching-code'>Patching Code</link>" section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-unpacking-code'>
+ <title>Unpacking Code</title>
+
+ <para>
+ During the build, the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-unpack'><filename>do_unpack</filename></ulink>
+ task unpacks the source with
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-S'><filename>S</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>
+ pointing to where it is unpacked.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are fetching your source files from an upstream source
+ archived tarball and the tarball's internal structure matches
+ the common convention of a top-level subdirectory named
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BPN'><filename>BPN</filename></ulink><filename>}-${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>,
+ then you do not need to set <filename>S</filename>.
+ However, if <filename>SRC_URI</filename> specifies to fetch
+ source from an archive that does not use this convention,
+ or from an SCM like Git or Subversion, your recipe needs to
+ define <filename>S</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If processing your recipe using BitBake successfully unpacks
+ the source files, you need to be sure that the directory
+ pointed to by <filename>${S}</filename> matches the structure
+ of the source.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-patching-code'>
+ <title>Patching Code</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Sometimes it is necessary to patch code after it has been
+ fetched.
+ Any files mentioned in <filename>SRC_URI</filename> whose
+ names end in <filename>.patch</filename> or
+ <filename>.diff</filename> or compressed versions of these
+ suffixes (e.g. <filename>diff.gz</filename> are treated as
+ patches.
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-patch'><filename>do_patch</filename></ulink>
+ task automatically applies these patches.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The build system should be able to apply patches with the "-p1"
+ option (i.e. one directory level in the path will be stripped
+ off).
+ If your patch needs to have more directory levels stripped off,
+ specify the number of levels using the "striplevel" option in
+ the <filename>SRC_URI</filename> entry for the patch.
+ Alternatively, if your patch needs to be applied in a specific
+ subdirectory that is not specified in the patch file, use the
+ "patchdir" option in the entry.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As with all local files referenced in
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ using <filename>file://</filename>, you should place
+ patch files in a directory next to the recipe either
+ named the same as the base name of the recipe
+ (<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BP'><filename>BP</filename></ulink>
+ and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BPN'><filename>BPN</filename></ulink>)
+ or "files".
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-licensing'>
+ <title>Licensing</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Your recipe needs to have both the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LICENSE'><filename>LICENSE</filename></ulink>
+ and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM'><filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename></ulink>
+ variables:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>LICENSE</filename>:</emphasis>
+ This variable specifies the license for the software.
+ If you do not know the license under which the software
+ you are building is distributed, you should go to the
+ source code and look for that information.
+ Typical files containing this information include
+ <filename>COPYING</filename>,
+ <filename>LICENSE</filename>, and
+ <filename>README</filename> files.
+ You could also find the information near the top of
+ a source file.
+ For example, given a piece of software licensed under
+ the GNU General Public License version 2, you would
+ set <filename>LICENSE</filename> as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE = "GPLv2"
+ </literallayout></para>
+ <para>The licenses you specify within
+ <filename>LICENSE</filename> can have any name as long
+ as you do not use spaces, since spaces are used as
+ separators between license names.
+ For standard licenses, use the names of the files in
+ <filename>meta/files/common-licenses/</filename>
+ or the <filename>SPDXLICENSEMAP</filename> flag names
+ defined in <filename>meta/conf/licenses.conf</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses this variable to
+ make sure the license text has not changed.
+ If it has, the build produces an error and it affords
+ you the chance to figure it out and correct the problem.
+ </para>
+ <para>You need to specify all applicable licensing
+ files for the software.
+ At the end of the configuration step, the build process
+ will compare the checksums of the files to be sure
+ the text has not changed.
+ Any differences result in an error with the message
+ containing the current checksum.
+ For more explanation and examples of how to set the
+ <filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename> variable, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#usingpoky-configuring-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM'>Tracking License Changes</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.</para>
+ <para>To determine the correct checksum string, you
+ can list the appropriate files in the
+ <filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename> variable with
+ incorrect md5 strings, attempt to build the software,
+ and then note the resulting error messages that will
+ report the correct md5 strings.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='new-recipe-fetching-code'>Fetching Code</link>"
+ section for additional information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example that assumes the software has a
+ <filename>COPYING</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://COPYING;md5=xxx"
+ </literallayout>
+ When you try to build the software, the build system
+ will produce an error and give you the correct string
+ that you can substitute into the recipe file for a
+ subsequent build.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+<!--
+
+ <para>
+ For trying this out I created a new recipe named
+ <filename>htop_1.0.2.bb</filename> and put it in
+ <filename>poky/meta/recipes-extended/htop</filename>.
+ There are two license type statements in my very simple
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE = ""
+
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = ""
+
+ SRC_URI[md5sum] = ""
+ SRC_URI[sha256sum] = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ Evidently, you need to run a <filename>bitbake -c cleanall htop</filename>.
+ Next, you delete or comment out the two <filename>SRC_URI</filename>
+ lines at the end and then attempt to build the software with
+ <filename>bitbake htop</filename>.
+ Doing so causes BitBake to report some errors and and give
+ you the actual strings you need for the last two
+ <filename>SRC_URI</filename> lines.
+ Prior to this, you have to dig around in the home page of the
+ source for <filename>htop</filename> and determine that the
+ software is released under GPLv2.
+ You can provide that in the <filename>LICENSE</filename>
+ statement.
+ Now you edit your recipe to have those two strings for
+ the <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statements:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE = "GPLv2"
+
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = ""
+
+ SRC_URI = "${SOURCEFORGE_MIRROR}/htop/htop-${PV}.tar.gz"
+ SRC_URI[md5sum] = "0d01cca8df3349c74569cefebbd9919e"
+ SRC_URI[sha256sum] = "ee60657b044ece0df096c053060df7abf3cce3a568ab34d260049e6a37ccd8a1"
+ </literallayout>
+ At this point, you can build the software again using the
+ <filename>bitbake htop</filename> command.
+ There is just a set of errors now associated with the
+ empty <filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename> variable now.
+ </para>
+-->
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-configuring-the-recipe'>
+ <title>Configuring the Recipe</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Most software provides some means of setting build-time
+ configuration options before compilation.
+ Typically, setting these options is accomplished by running a
+ configure script with some options, or by modifying a build
+ configuration file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A major part of build-time configuration is about checking for
+ build-time dependencies and possibly enabling optional
+ functionality as a result.
+ You need to specify any build-time dependencies for the
+ software you are building in your recipe's
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ value, in terms of other recipes that satisfy those
+ dependencies.
+ You can often find build-time or runtime
+ dependencies described in the software's documentation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list provides configuration items of note based
+ on how your software is built:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Autotools:</emphasis>
+ If your source files have a
+ <filename>configure.ac</filename> file, then your
+ software is built using Autotools.
+ If this is the case, you just need to worry about
+ modifying the configuration.</para>
+ <para>When using Autotools, your recipe needs to inherit
+ the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></ulink>
+ class and your recipe does not have to contain a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></ulink>
+ task.
+ However, you might still want to make some adjustments.
+ For example, you can set
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTRA_OECONF'><filename>EXTRA_OECONF</filename></ulink>
+ to pass any needed configure options that are specific
+ to the recipe.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>CMake:</emphasis>
+ If your source files have a
+ <filename>CMakeLists.txt</filename> file, then your
+ software is built using CMake.
+ If this is the case, you just need to worry about
+ modifying the configuration.</para>
+ <para>When you use CMake, your recipe needs to inherit
+ the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-cmake'><filename>cmake</filename></ulink>
+ class and your recipe does not have to contain a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></ulink>
+ task.
+ You can make some adjustments by setting
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTRA_OECMAKE'><filename>EXTRA_OECMAKE</filename></ulink>
+ to pass any needed configure options that are specific
+ to the recipe.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Other:</emphasis>
+ If your source files do not have a
+ <filename>configure.ac</filename> or
+ <filename>CMakeLists.txt</filename> file, then your
+ software is built using some method other than Autotools
+ or CMake.
+ If this is the case, you normally need to provide a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></ulink>
+ task in your recipe
+ unless, of course, there is nothing to configure.
+ </para>
+ <para>Even if your software is not being built by
+ Autotools or CMake, you still might not need to deal
+ with any configuration issues.
+ You need to determine if configuration is even a required step.
+ You might need to modify a Makefile or some configuration file
+ used for the build to specify necessary build options.
+ Or, perhaps you might need to run a provided, custom
+ configure script with the appropriate options.</para>
+ <para>For the case involving a custom configure
+ script, you would run
+ <filename>./configure --help</filename> and look for
+ the options you need to set.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once configuration succeeds, it is always good practice to
+ look at the <filename>log.do_configure</filename> file to
+ ensure that the appropriate options have been enabled and no
+ additional build-time dependencies need to be added to
+ <filename>DEPENDS</filename>.
+ For example, if the configure script reports that it found
+ something not mentioned in <filename>DEPENDS</filename>, or
+ that it did not find something that it needed for some
+ desired optional functionality, then you would need to add
+ those to <filename>DEPENDS</filename>.
+ Looking at the log might also reveal items being checked for,
+ enabled, or both that you do not want, or items not being found
+ that are in <filename>DEPENDS</filename>, in which case
+ you would need to look at passing extra options to the
+ configure script as needed.
+ For reference information on configure options specific to the
+ software you are building, you can consult the output of the
+ <filename>./configure --help</filename> command within
+ <filename>${S}</filename> or consult the software's upstream
+ documentation.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-compilation'>
+ <title>Compilation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ During a build, the <filename>do_compile</filename> task
+ happens after source is fetched, unpacked, and configured.
+ If the recipe passes through <filename>do_compile</filename>
+ successfully, nothing needs to be done.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ However, if the compile step fails, you need to diagnose the
+ failure.
+ Here are some common issues that cause failures:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Parallel build failures:</emphasis>
+ These failures manifest themselves as intermittent
+ errors, or errors reporting that a file or directory
+ that should be created by some other part of the build
+ process could not be found.
+ This type of failure can occur even if, upon inspection,
+ the file or directory does exist after the build has
+ failed, because that part of the build process happened
+ in the wrong order.</para>
+ <para>To fix the problem, you need to either satisfy
+ the missing dependency in the Makefile or whatever
+ script produced the Makefile, or (as a workaround)
+ set
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PARALLEL_MAKE'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename></ulink>
+ to an empty string:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PARALLEL_MAKE = ""
+ </literallayout></para>
+ <para>
+ For information on parallel Makefile issues, see the
+ "<link linkend='debugging-parallel-make-races'>Debugging Parallel Make Races</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Improper host path usage:</emphasis>
+ This failure applies to recipes building for the target
+ or <filename>nativesdk</filename> only.
+ The failure occurs when the compilation process uses
+ improper headers, libraries, or other files from the
+ host system when cross-compiling for the target.
+ </para>
+ <para>To fix the problem, examine the
+ <filename>log.do_compile</filename> file to identify
+ the host paths being used (e.g.
+ <filename>/usr/include</filename>,
+ <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, and so forth) and then
+ either add configure options, apply a patch, or do both.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Failure to find required
+ libraries/headers:</emphasis>
+ If a build-time dependency is missing because it has
+ not been declared in
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></ulink>,
+ or because the dependency exists but the path used by
+ the build process to find the file is incorrect and the
+ configure step did not detect it, the compilation
+ process could fail.
+ For either of these failures, the compilation process
+ notes that files could not be found.
+ In these cases, you need to go back and add additional
+ options to the configure script as well as possibly
+ add additional build-time dependencies to
+ <filename>DEPENDS</filename>.</para>
+ <para>Occasionally, it is necessary to apply a patch
+ to the source to ensure the correct paths are used.
+ If you need to specify paths to find files staged
+ into the sysroot from other recipes, use the variables
+ that the OpenEmbedded build system provides
+ (e.g.
+ <filename>STAGING_BINDIR</filename>,
+ <filename>STAGING_INCDIR</filename>,
+ <filename>STAGING_DATADIR</filename>, and so forth).
+<!--
+ (e.g.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-STAGING_BINDIR'><filename>STAGING_BINDIR</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-STAGING_INCDIR'><filename>STAGING_INCDIR</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-STAGING_DATADIR'><filename>STAGING_DATADIR</filename></ulink>,
+ and so forth).
+-->
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-installing'>
+ <title>Installing</title>
+
+ <para>
+ During <filename>do_install</filename>, the task copies the
+ built files along with their hierarchy to locations that
+ would mirror their locations on the target device.
+ The installation process copies files from the
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-S'><filename>S</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>,
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-B'><filename>B</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>,
+ and
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>
+ directories to the
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-D'><filename>D</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>
+ directory to create the structure as it should appear on the
+ target system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ How your software is built affects what you must do to be
+ sure your software is installed correctly.
+ The following list describes what you must do for installation
+ depending on the type of build system used by the software
+ being built:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Autotools and CMake:</emphasis>
+ If the software your recipe is building uses Autotools
+ or CMake, the OpenEmbedded build
+ system understands how to install the software.
+ Consequently, you do not have to have a
+ <filename>do_install</filename> task as part of your
+ recipe.
+ You just need to make sure the install portion of the
+ build completes with no issues.
+ However, if you wish to install additional files not
+ already being installed by
+ <filename>make install</filename>, you should do this
+ using a <filename>do_install_append</filename> function
+ using the install command as described in
+ the "Manual" bulleted item later in this list.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Other (using
+ <filename>make install</filename>):</emphasis>
+ You need to define a
+ <filename>do_install</filename> function in your
+ recipe.
+ The function should call
+ <filename>oe_runmake install</filename> and will likely
+ need to pass in the destination directory as well.
+ How you pass that path is dependent on how the
+ <filename>Makefile</filename> being run is written
+ (e.g. <filename>DESTDIR=${D}</filename>,
+ <filename>PREFIX=${D}</filename>,
+ <filename>INSTALLROOT=${D}</filename>, and so forth).
+ </para>
+ <para>For an example recipe using
+ <filename>make install</filename>, see the
+ "<link linkend='new-recipe-makefile-based-package'>Makefile-Based Package</link>"
+ section.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Manual:</emphasis>
+ You need to define a
+ <filename>do_install</filename> function in your
+ recipe.
+ The function must first use
+ <filename>install -d</filename> to create the
+ directories under
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-D'><filename>D</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>.
+ Once the directories exist, your function can use
+ <filename>install</filename> to manually install the
+ built software into the directories.</para>
+ <para>You can find more information on
+ <filename>install</filename> at
+ <ulink url='http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/install-invocation.html'></ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For the scenarios that do not use Autotools or
+ CMake, you need to track the installation
+ and diagnose and fix any issues until everything installs
+ correctly.
+ You need to look in the default location of
+ <filename>${D}</filename>, which is
+ <filename>${WORKDIR}/image</filename>, to be sure your
+ files have been installed correctly.
+ </para>
+
+ <note><title>Notes</title>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ During the installation process, you might need to
+ modify some of the installed files to suit the target
+ layout.
+ For example, you might need to replace hard-coded paths
+ in an initscript with values of variables provided by
+ the build system, such as replacing
+ <filename>/usr/bin/</filename> with
+ <filename>${bindir}</filename>.
+ If you do perform such modifications during
+ <filename>do_install</filename>, be sure to modify the
+ destination file after copying rather than before
+ copying.
+ Modifying after copying ensures that the build system
+ can re-execute <filename>do_install</filename> if
+ needed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>oe_runmake install</filename>, which can be
+ run directly or can be run indirectly by the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></ulink>
+ and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-cmake'><filename>cmake</filename></ulink>
+ classes, runs <filename>make install</filename> in
+ parallel.
+ Sometimes, a Makefile can have missing dependencies
+ between targets that can result in race conditions.
+ If you experience intermittent failures during
+ <filename>do_install</filename>, you might be able to
+ work around them by disabling parallel Makefile
+ installs by adding the following to the recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PARALLEL_MAKEINST = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ See
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PARALLEL_MAKEINST'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKEINST</filename></ulink>
+ for additional information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-enabling-system-services'>
+ <title>Enabling System Services</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you want to install a service, which is a process that
+ usually starts on boot and runs in the background, then
+ you must include some additional definitions in your recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are adding services and the service initialization
+ script or the service file itself is not installed, you must
+ provide for that installation in your recipe using a
+ <filename>do_install_append</filename> function.
+ If your recipe already has a <filename>do_install</filename>
+ function, update the function near its end rather than
+ adding an additional <filename>do_install_append</filename>
+ function.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you create the installation for your services, you need
+ to accomplish what is normally done by
+ <filename>make install</filename>.
+ In other words, make sure your installation arranges the output
+ similar to how it is arranged on the target system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system provides support for starting
+ services two different ways:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>SysVinit:</emphasis>
+ SysVinit is a system and service manager that
+ manages the init system used to control the very basic
+ functions of your system.
+ The init program is the first program
+ started by the Linux kernel when the system boots.
+ Init then controls the startup, running and shutdown
+ of all other programs.</para>
+ <para>To enable a service using SysVinit, your recipe
+ needs to inherit the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-update-rc.d'><filename>update-rc.d</filename></ulink>
+ class.
+ The class helps facilitate safely installing the
+ package on the target.</para>
+ <para>You will need to set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-INITSCRIPT_PACKAGES'><filename>INITSCRIPT_PACKAGES</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-INITSCRIPT_NAME'><filename>INITSCRIPT_NAME</filename></ulink>,
+ and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-INITSCRIPT_PARAMS'><filename>INITSCRIPT_PARAMS</filename></ulink>
+ variables within your recipe.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>systemd:</emphasis>
+ System Management Daemon (systemd) was designed to
+ replace SysVinit and to provide
+ enhanced management of services.
+ For more information on systemd, see the systemd
+ homepage at
+ <ulink url='http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+ <para>To enable a service using systemd, your recipe
+ needs to inherit the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-systemd'><filename>systemd</filename></ulink>
+ class.
+ See the <filename>systemd.bbclass</filename> file
+ located in your
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
+ section for more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-packaging'>
+ <title>Packaging</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Successful packaging is a combination of automated processes
+ performed by the OpenEmbedded build system and some
+ specific steps you need to take.
+ The following list describes the process:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Splitting Files</emphasis>:
+ The <filename>do_package</filename> task splits the
+ files produced by the recipe into logical components.
+ Even software that produces a single binary might
+ still have debug symbols, documentation, and other
+ logical components that should be split out.
+ The <filename>do_package</filename> task ensures
+ that files are split up and packaged correctly.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Running QA Checks</emphasis>:
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane</filename></ulink>
+ class adds a step to
+ the package generation process so that output quality
+ assurance checks are generated by the OpenEmbedded
+ build system.
+ This step performs a range of checks to be sure the
+ build's output is free of common problems that show
+ up during runtime.
+ For information on these checks, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane</filename></ulink>
+ class and the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-qa-checks'>QA Error and Warning Messages</ulink>"
+ chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Hand-Checking Your Packages</emphasis>:
+ After you build your software, you need to be sure
+ your packages are correct.
+ Examine the
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></ulink><filename>}/packages-split</filename>
+ directory and make sure files are where you expect
+ them to be.
+ If you discover problems, you can set
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></ulink>,
+ <filename>do_install(_append)</filename>, and so forth as
+ needed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Splitting an Application into Multiple Packages</emphasis>:
+ If you need to split an application into several
+ packages, see the
+ "<link linkend='splitting-an-application-into-multiple-packages'>Splitting an Application into Multiple Packages</link>"
+ section for an example.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Installing a Post-Installation Script</emphasis>:
+ For an example showing how to install a
+ post-installation script, see the
+ "<link linkend='new-recipe-post-installation-scripts'>Post-Installation Scripts</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Marking Package Architecture</emphasis>:
+ Depending on what your recipe is building and how it
+ is configured, it might be important to mark the
+ packages produced as being specific to a particular
+ machine, or to mark them as not being specific to
+ a particular machine or architecture at all.
+ By default, packages produced for the target are
+ marked as being specific to the architecture of the
+ target machine because that is usually the desired
+ result.
+ However, if the recipe configures the software to be
+ built specific to the target machine (e.g. the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ value is passed into the configure script or a patch
+ is applied only for a particular machine), then you
+ should mark the packages produced as being
+ machine-specific by adding the following to the
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_ARCH = "${MACHINE_ARCH}"
+ </literallayout>
+ On the other hand, if the recipe produces packages
+ that do not contain anything specific to the target
+ machine or architecture at all (e.g. recipes
+ that simply package script files or configuration
+ files), you should use the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-allarch'><filename>allarch</filename></ulink>
+ class to do this for you by adding this to your
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ inherit allarch
+ </literallayout>
+ Ensuring that the package architecture is correct is
+ not critical while you are doing the first few builds
+ of your recipe.
+ However, it is important in order
+ to ensure that your recipe rebuilds (or does not
+ rebuild) appropriately in response to changes in
+ configuration, and to ensure that you get the
+ appropriate packages installed on the target machine,
+ particularly if you run separate builds for more
+ than one target machine.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='properly-versioning-pre-release-recipes'>
+ <title>Properly Versioning Pre-Release Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Sometimes the name of a recipe can lead to versioning
+ problems when the recipe is upgraded to a final release.
+ For example, consider the
+ <filename>irssi_0.8.16-rc1.bb</filename> recipe file in
+ the list of example recipes in the
+ "<link linkend='new-recipe-storing-and-naming-the-recipe'>Storing and Naming the Recipe</link>"
+ section.
+ This recipe is at a release candidate stage (i.e.
+ "rc1").
+ When the recipe is released, the recipe filename becomes
+ <filename>irssi_0.8.16.bb</filename>.
+ The version change from <filename>0.8.16-rc1</filename>
+ to <filename>0.8.16</filename> is seen as a decrease by the
+ build system and package managers, so the resulting packages
+ will not correctly trigger an upgrade.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to ensure the versions compare properly, the
+ recommended convention is to set
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink>
+ within the recipe to
+ "<replaceable>previous_version</replaceable>+<replaceable>current_version</replaceable>".
+ You can use an additional variable so that you can use the
+ current version elsewhere.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ REALPV = "0.8.16-rc1"
+ PV = "0.8.15+${REALPV}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-post-installation-scripts'>
+ <title>Post-Installation Scripts</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Post-installation scripts run immediately after installing
+ a package on the target or during image creation when a
+ package is included in an image.
+ To add a post-installation script to a package, add a
+ <filename>pkg_postinst_PACKAGENAME()</filename> function to
+ the recipe file (<filename>.bb</filename>) and replace
+ <filename>PACKAGENAME</filename> with the name of the package
+ you want to attach to the <filename>postinst</filename>
+ script.
+ To apply the post-installation script to the main package
+ for the recipe, which is usually what is required, specify
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>
+ in place of <filename>PACKAGENAME</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A post-installation function has the following structure:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ pkg_postinst_PACKAGENAME() {
+ # Commands to carry out
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The script defined in the post-installation function is
+ called when the root filesystem is created.
+ If the script succeeds, the package is marked as installed.
+ If the script fails, the package is marked as unpacked and
+ the script is executed when the image boots again.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Sometimes it is necessary for the execution of a
+ post-installation script to be delayed until the first boot.
+ For example, the script might need to be executed on the
+ device itself.
+ To delay script execution until boot time, use the following
+ structure in the post-installation script:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ pkg_postinst_PACKAGENAME() {
+ if [ x"$D" = "x" ]; then
+ # Actions to carry out on the device go here
+ else
+ exit 1
+ fi
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The previous example delays execution until the image boots
+ again because the environment variable <filename>D</filename>
+ points to the directory containing the image when
+ the root filesystem is created at build time but is unset
+ when executed on the first boot.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Equivalent support for pre-install, pre-uninstall, and
+ post-uninstall scripts exist by way of
+ <filename>pkg_preinst</filename>,
+ <filename>pkg_prerm</filename>, and
+ <filename>pkg_postrm</filename>, respectively.
+ These scrips work in exactly the same way as does
+ <filename>pkg_postinst</filename> with the exception that they
+ run at different times.
+ Also, because of when they run, they are not applicable to
+ being run at image creation time like
+ <filename>pkg_postinst</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-testing'>
+ <title>Testing</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The final step for completing your recipe is to be sure that
+ the software you built runs correctly.
+ To accomplish runtime testing, add the build's output
+ packages to your image and test them on the target.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on how to customize your image by adding
+ specific packages, see the
+ "<link linkend='usingpoky-extend-customimage'>Customizing Images</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-testing-examples'>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To help summarize how to write a recipe, this section provides
+ some examples given various scenarios:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Recipes that use local files</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Using an Autotooled package</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Using a Makefile-based package</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Splitting an application into multiple packages</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Adding binaries to an image</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-single-c-file-package-hello-world'>
+ <title>Single .c File Package (Hello World!)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Building an application from a single file that is stored
+ locally (e.g. under <filename>files</filename>) requires
+ a recipe that has the file listed in the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'>SRC_URI</ulink></filename>
+ variable.
+ Additionally, you need to manually write the
+ <filename>do_compile</filename> and
+ <filename>do_install</filename> tasks.
+ The <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-S'>S</ulink></filename>
+ variable defines the directory containing the source code,
+ which is set to
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></ulink>
+ in this case - the directory BitBake uses for the build.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SUMMARY = "Simple helloworld application"
+ SECTION = "examples"
+ LICENSE = "MIT"
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://${COMMON_LICENSE_DIR}/MIT;md5=0835ade698e0bcf8506ecda2f7b4f302"
+
+ SRC_URI = "file://helloworld.c"
+
+ S = "${WORKDIR}"
+
+ do_compile() {
+ ${CC} helloworld.c -o helloworld
+ }
+
+ do_install() {
+ install -d ${D}${bindir}
+ install -m 0755 helloworld ${D}${bindir}
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the <filename>helloworld</filename>,
+ <filename>helloworld-dbg</filename>, and
+ <filename>helloworld-dev</filename> packages are built.
+ For information on how to customize the packaging process,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='splitting-an-application-into-multiple-packages'>Splitting an Application into Multiple Packages</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-autotooled-package'>
+ <title>Autotooled Package</title>
+ <para>
+ Applications that use Autotools such as <filename>autoconf</filename> and
+ <filename>automake</filename> require a recipe that has a source archive listed in
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'>SRC_URI</ulink></filename> and
+ also inherit the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></ulink>
+ class, which contains the definitions of all the steps
+ needed to build an Autotool-based application.
+ The result of the build is automatically packaged.
+ And, if the application uses NLS for localization, packages with local information are
+ generated (one package per language).
+ Following is one example: (<filename>hello_2.3.bb</filename>)
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SUMMARY = "GNU Helloworld application"
+ SECTION = "examples"
+ LICENSE = "GPLv2+"
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://COPYING;md5=751419260aa954499f7abaabaa882bbe"
+
+ SRC_URI = "${GNU_MIRROR}/hello/hello-${PV}.tar.gz"
+
+ inherit autotools gettext
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The variable
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM'>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</ulink></filename>
+ is used to track source license changes as described in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#usingpoky-configuring-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM'>Tracking License Changes</ulink>" section.
+ You can quickly create Autotool-based recipes in a manner similar to the previous example.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='new-recipe-makefile-based-package'>
+ <title>Makefile-Based Package</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Applications that use GNU <filename>make</filename> also require a recipe that has
+ the source archive listed in
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'>SRC_URI</ulink></filename>.
+ You do not need to add a <filename>do_compile</filename> step since by default BitBake
+ starts the <filename>make</filename> command to compile the application.
+ If you need additional <filename>make</filename> options, you should store them in the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTRA_OEMAKE'>EXTRA_OEMAKE</ulink></filename>
+ variable.
+ BitBake passes these options into the GNU <filename>make</filename> invocation.
+ Note that a <filename>do_install</filename> task is still required.
+ Otherwise, BitBake runs an empty <filename>do_install</filename> task by default.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some applications might require extra parameters to be passed to the compiler.
+ For example, the application might need an additional header path.
+ You can accomplish this by adding to the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CFLAGS'>CFLAGS</ulink></filename> variable.
+ The following example shows this:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ CFLAGS_prepend = "-I ${S}/include "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the following example, <filename>mtd-utils</filename> is a makefile-based package:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SUMMARY = "Tools for managing memory technology devices"
+ SECTION = "base"
+ DEPENDS = "zlib lzo e2fsprogs util-linux"
+ HOMEPAGE = "http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/"
+ LICENSE = "GPLv2+"
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://COPYING;md5=0636e73ff0215e8d672dc4c32c317bb3 \
+ file://include/common.h;beginline=1;endline=17;md5=ba05b07912a44ea2bf81ce409380049c"
+
+ # Use the latest version at 26 Oct, 2013
+ SRCREV = "9f107132a6a073cce37434ca9cda6917dd8d866b"
+ SRC_URI = "git://git.infradead.org/mtd-utils.git \
+ file://add-exclusion-to-mkfs-jffs2-git-2.patch \
+ "
+
+ PV = "1.5.1+git${SRCPV}"
+
+ S = "${WORKDIR}/git/"
+
+ EXTRA_OEMAKE = "'CC=${CC}' 'RANLIB=${RANLIB}' 'AR=${AR}' 'CFLAGS=${CFLAGS} -I${S}/include -DWITHOUT_XATTR' 'BUILDDIR=${S}'"
+
+ do_install () {
+ oe_runmake install DESTDIR=${D} SBINDIR=${sbindir} MANDIR=${mandir} INCLUDEDIR=${includedir}
+ }
+
+ PACKAGES =+ "mtd-utils-jffs2 mtd-utils-ubifs mtd-utils-misc"
+
+ FILES_mtd-utils-jffs2 = "${sbindir}/mkfs.jffs2 ${sbindir}/jffs2dump ${sbindir}/jffs2reader ${sbindir}/sumtool"
+ FILES_mtd-utils-ubifs = "${sbindir}/mkfs.ubifs ${sbindir}/ubi*"
+ FILES_mtd-utils-misc = "${sbindir}/nftl* ${sbindir}/ftl* ${sbindir}/rfd* ${sbindir}/doc* ${sbindir}/serve_image ${sbindir}/recv_image"
+
+ PARALLEL_MAKE = ""
+
+ BBCLASSEXTEND = "native"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='splitting-an-application-into-multiple-packages'>
+ <title>Splitting an Application into Multiple Packages</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use the variables
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGES'>PACKAGES</ulink></filename> and
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILES'>FILES</ulink></filename>
+ to split an application into multiple packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is an example that uses the <filename>libxpm</filename> recipe.
+ By default, this recipe generates a single package that contains the library along
+ with a few binaries.
+ You can modify the recipe to split the binaries into separate packages:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ require xorg-lib-common.inc
+
+ SUMMARY = "Xpm: X Pixmap extension library"
+ LICENSE = "BSD"
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://COPYING;md5=51f4270b012ecd4ab1a164f5f4ed6cf7"
+ DEPENDS += "libxext libsm libxt"
+ PE = "1"
+
+ XORG_PN = "libXpm"
+
+ PACKAGES =+ "sxpm cxpm"
+ FILES_cxpm = "${bindir}/cxpm"
+ FILES_sxpm = "${bindir}/sxpm"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the previous example, we want to ship the <filename>sxpm</filename>
+ and <filename>cxpm</filename> binaries in separate packages.
+ Since <filename>bindir</filename> would be packaged into the main
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PN'>PN</ulink></filename>
+ package by default, we prepend the <filename>PACKAGES</filename>
+ variable so additional package names are added to the start of list.
+ This results in the extra <filename>FILES_*</filename>
+ variables then containing information that define which files and
+ directories go into which packages.
+ Files included by earlier packages are skipped by latter packages.
+ Thus, the main <filename>PN</filename> package
+ does not include the above listed files.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='packaging-externally-produced-binaries'>
+ <title>Packaging Externally Produced Binaries</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Sometimes, you need to add pre-compiled binaries to an
+ image.
+ For example, suppose that binaries for proprietary code
+ exist, which are created by a particular division of a
+ company.
+ Your part of the company needs to use those binaries as
+ part of an image that you are building using the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ Since you only have the binaries and not the source code,
+ you cannot use a typical recipe that expects to fetch the
+ source specified in
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ and then compile it.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ One method is to package the binaries and then install them
+ as part of the image.
+ Generally, it is not a good idea to package binaries
+ since, among other things, it can hinder the ability to
+ reproduce builds and could lead to compatibility problems
+ with ABI in the future.
+ However, sometimes you have no choice.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The easiest solution is to create a recipe that uses
+ the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-bin-package'><filename>bin_package</filename></ulink>
+ class and to be sure that you are using default locations
+ for build artifacts.
+ In most cases, the <filename>bin_package</filename> class
+ handles "skipping" the configure and compile steps as well
+ as sets things up to grab packages from the appropriate
+ area.
+ In particular, this class sets <filename>noexec</filename>
+ on both the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></ulink>
+ and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></ulink>
+ tasks, sets
+ <filename>FILES_${PN}</filename> to "/" so that it picks
+ up all files, and sets up a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></ulink>
+ task, which effectively copies all files from
+ <filename>${S}</filename> to <filename>${D}</filename>.
+ The <filename>bin_package</filename> class works well when
+ the files extracted into <filename>${S}</filename> are
+ already laid out in the way they should be laid out
+ on the target.
+ For more information on these variables, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-S'><filename>S</filename></ulink>,
+ and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-D'><filename>D</filename></ulink>
+ variables in the Yocto Project Reference Manual's variable
+ glossary.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you can't use the <filename>bin_package</filename>
+ class, you need to be sure you are doing the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Create a recipe where the
+ <filename>do_configure</filename> and
+ <filename>do_compile</filename> tasks do nothing:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ do_configure[noexec] = "1"
+ do_compile[noexec] = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ Alternatively, you can make these tasks an empty
+ function.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Make sure your
+ <filename>do_install</filename> task installs the
+ binaries appropriately.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Ensure that you set up
+ <filename>FILES</filename> (usually
+ <filename>FILES_${PN}</filename>) to point to the
+ files you have installed, which of course depends
+ on where you have installed them and whether
+ those files are in different locations than the
+ defaults.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-newmachine">
+ <title>Adding a New Machine</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Adding a new machine to the Yocto Project is a straightforward
+ process.
+ This section describes how to add machines that are similar
+ to those that the Yocto Project already supports.
+ <note>
+ Although well within the capabilities of the Yocto Project,
+ adding a totally new architecture might require
+ changes to <filename>gcc/glibc</filename> and to the site
+ information, which is beyond the scope of this manual.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For a complete example that shows how to add a new machine,
+ see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'>Creating a New BSP Layer Using the yocto-bsp Script</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="platdev-newmachine-conffile">
+ <title>Adding the Machine Configuration File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To add a new machine, you need to add a new machine
+ configuration file to the layer's
+ <filename>conf/machine</filename> directory.
+ This configuration file provides details about the device
+ you are adding.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses the root name of the
+ machine configuration file to reference the new machine.
+ For example, given a machine configuration file named
+ <filename>crownbay.conf</filename>, the build system
+ recognizes the machine as "crownbay".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The most important variables you must set in your machine
+ configuration file or include from a lower-level configuration
+ file are as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TARGET_ARCH'>TARGET_ARCH</ulink></filename>
+ (e.g. "arm")</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PREFERRED_PROVIDER'>PREFERRED_PROVIDER</ulink>_virtual/kernel</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE_FEATURES'>MACHINE_FEATURES</ulink></filename>
+ (e.g. "apm screen wifi")</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You might also need these variables:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SERIAL_CONSOLES'>SERIAL_CONSOLES</ulink></filename>
+ (e.g. "115200;ttyS0 115200;ttyS1")</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KERNEL_IMAGETYPE'>KERNEL_IMAGETYPE</ulink></filename>
+ (e.g. "zImage")</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'>IMAGE_FSTYPES</ulink></filename>
+ (e.g. "tar.gz jffs2")</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find full details on these variables in the reference
+ section.
+ You can leverage existing machine <filename>.conf</filename>
+ files from <filename>meta-yocto-bsp/conf/machine/</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-newmachine-kernel">
+ <title>Adding a Kernel for the Machine</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system needs to be able to build a kernel
+ for the machine.
+ You need to either create a new kernel recipe for this machine,
+ or extend an existing kernel recipe.
+ You can find several kernel recipe examples in the
+ Source Directory at
+ <filename>meta/recipes-kernel/linux</filename>
+ that you can use as references.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are creating a new kernel recipe, normal recipe-writing
+ rules apply for setting up a
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'>SRC_URI</ulink></filename>.
+ Thus, you need to specify any necessary patches and set
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-S'>S</ulink></filename>
+ to point at the source code.
+ You need to create a <filename>do_configure</filename> task that
+ configures the unpacked kernel with a
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file.
+ You can do this by using a <filename>make defconfig</filename>
+ command or, more commonly, by copying in a suitable
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file and then running
+ <filename>make oldconfig</filename>.
+ By making use of <filename>inherit kernel</filename> and
+ potentially some of the <filename>linux-*.inc</filename> files,
+ most other functionality is centralized and the defaults of the
+ class normally work well.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are extending an existing kernel recipe, it is usually
+ a matter of adding a suitable <filename>defconfig</filename>
+ file.
+ The file needs to be added into a location similar to
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> files used for other machines
+ in a given kernel recipe.
+ A possible way to do this is by listing the file in the
+ <filename>SRC_URI</filename> and adding the machine to the
+ expression in
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-COMPATIBLE_MACHINE'>COMPATIBLE_MACHINE</ulink></filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ COMPATIBLE_MACHINE = '(qemux86|qemumips)'
+ </literallayout>
+ For more information on <filename>defconfig</filename> files,
+ see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#changing-the-configuration'>Changing the Configuration</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-newmachine-formfactor">
+ <title>Adding a Formfactor Configuration File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A formfactor configuration file provides information about the
+ target hardware for which the image is being built and information that
+ the build system cannot obtain from other sources such as the kernel.
+ Some examples of information contained in a formfactor configuration file include
+ framebuffer orientation, whether or not the system has a keyboard,
+ the positioning of the keyboard in relation to the screen, and
+ the screen resolution.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The build system uses reasonable defaults in most cases.
+ However, if customization is
+ necessary, you need to create a <filename>machconfig</filename> file
+ in the <filename>meta/recipes-bsp/formfactor/files</filename>
+ directory.
+ This directory contains directories for specific machines such as
+ <filename>qemuarm</filename> and <filename>qemux86</filename>.
+ For information about the settings available and the defaults, see the
+ <filename>meta/recipes-bsp/formfactor/files/config</filename> file found in the
+ same area.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is an example for "qemuarm" machine:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ HAVE_TOUCHSCREEN=1
+ HAVE_KEYBOARD=1
+
+ DISPLAY_CAN_ROTATE=0
+ DISPLAY_ORIENTATION=0
+ #DISPLAY_WIDTH_PIXELS=640
+ #DISPLAY_HEIGHT_PIXELS=480
+ #DISPLAY_BPP=16
+ DISPLAY_DPI=150
+ DISPLAY_SUBPIXEL_ORDER=vrgb
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-working-with-libraries">
+ <title>Working With Libraries</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Libraries are an integral part of your system.
+ This section describes some common practices you might find
+ helpful when working with libraries to build your system:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='including-static-library-files'>How to include static library files</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='combining-multiple-versions-library-files-into-one-image'>How to use the Multilib feature to combine multiple versions of library files into a single image</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='installing-multiple-versions-of-the-same-library'>How to install multiple versions of the same library in parallel on the same system</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='including-static-library-files'>
+ <title>Including Static Library Files</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are building a library and the library offers static linking, you can control
+ which static library files (<filename>*.a</filename> files) get included in the
+ built library.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></ulink>
+ and <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILES'><filename>FILES_*</filename></ulink>
+ variables in the
+ <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> configuration file define how files installed
+ by the <filename>do_install</filename> task are packaged.
+ By default, the <filename>PACKAGES</filename> variable includes
+ <filename>${PN}-staticdev</filename>, which represents all static library files.
+ <note>
+ Some previously released versions of the Yocto Project
+ defined the static library files through
+ <filename>${PN}-dev</filename>.
+ </note>
+ Following is part of the BitBake configuration file, where
+ you can see how the static library files are defined:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_BEFORE_PN ?= ""
+ PACKAGES = "${PN}-dbg ${PN}-staticdev ${PN}-dev ${PN}-doc ${PN}-locale ${PACKAGE_BEFORE_PN} ${PN}"
+ PACKAGES_DYNAMIC = "^${PN}-locale-.*"
+ FILES = ""
+
+ FILES_${PN} = "${bindir}/* ${sbindir}/* ${libexecdir}/* ${libdir}/lib*${SOLIBS} \
+ ${sysconfdir} ${sharedstatedir} ${localstatedir} \
+ ${base_bindir}/* ${base_sbindir}/* \
+ ${base_libdir}/*${SOLIBS} \
+ ${base_prefix}/lib/udev/rules.d ${prefix}/lib/udev/rules.d \
+ ${datadir}/${BPN} ${libdir}/${BPN}/* \
+ ${datadir}/pixmaps ${datadir}/applications \
+ ${datadir}/idl ${datadir}/omf ${datadir}/sounds \
+ ${libdir}/bonobo/servers"
+
+ FILES_${PN}-bin = "${bindir}/* ${sbindir}/*"
+
+ FILES_${PN}-doc = "${docdir} ${mandir} ${infodir} ${datadir}/gtk-doc \
+ ${datadir}/gnome/help"
+ SECTION_${PN}-doc = "doc"
+
+ FILES_SOLIBSDEV ?= "${base_libdir}/lib*${SOLIBSDEV} ${libdir}/lib*${SOLIBSDEV}"
+ FILES_${PN}-dev = "${includedir} ${FILES_SOLIBSDEV} ${libdir}/*.la \
+ ${libdir}/*.o ${libdir}/pkgconfig ${datadir}/pkgconfig \
+ ${datadir}/aclocal ${base_libdir}/*.o \
+ ${libdir}/${BPN}/*.la ${base_libdir}/*.la"
+ SECTION_${PN}-dev = "devel"
+ ALLOW_EMPTY_${PN}-dev = "1"
+ RDEPENDS_${PN}-dev = "${PN} (= ${EXTENDPKGV})"
+
+ FILES_${PN}-staticdev = "${libdir}/*.a ${base_libdir}/*.a ${libdir}/${BPN}/*.a"
+ SECTION_${PN}-staticdev = "devel"
+ RDEPENDS_${PN}-staticdev = "${PN}-dev (= ${EXTENDPKGV})"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="combining-multiple-versions-library-files-into-one-image">
+ <title>Combining Multiple Versions of Library Files into One Image</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The build system offers the ability to build libraries with different
+ target optimizations or architecture formats and combine these together
+ into one system image.
+ You can link different binaries in the image
+ against the different libraries as needed for specific use cases.
+ This feature is called "Multilib."
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ An example would be where you have most of a system compiled in 32-bit
+ mode using 32-bit libraries, but you have something large, like a database
+ engine, that needs to be a 64-bit application and uses 64-bit libraries.
+ Multilib allows you to get the best of both 32-bit and 64-bit libraries.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ While the Multilib feature is most commonly used for 32 and 64-bit differences,
+ the approach the build system uses facilitates different target optimizations.
+ You could compile some binaries to use one set of libraries and other binaries
+ to use a different set of libraries.
+ The libraries could differ in architecture, compiler options, or other
+ optimizations.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This section overviews the Multilib process only.
+ For more details on how to implement Multilib, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/Multilib'>Multilib</ulink> wiki
+ page.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Aside from this wiki page, several examples exist in the
+ <filename>meta-skeleton</filename> layer found in the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>conf/multilib-example.conf</filename>
+ configuration file</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>conf/multilib-example2.conf</filename>
+ configuration file</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>recipes-multilib/images/core-image-multilib-example.bb</filename>
+ recipe</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='preparing-to-use-multilib'>
+ <title>Preparing to Use Multilib</title>
+
+ <para>
+ User-specific requirements drive the Multilib feature.
+ Consequently, there is no one "out-of-the-box" configuration that likely
+ exists to meet your needs.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to enable Multilib, you first need to ensure your recipe is
+ extended to support multiple libraries.
+ Many standard recipes are already extended and support multiple libraries.
+ You can check in the <filename>meta/conf/multilib.conf</filename>
+ configuration file in the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> to see how this is
+ done using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBCLASSEXTEND'><filename>BBCLASSEXTEND</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ Eventually, all recipes will be covered and this list will
+ not be needed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For the most part, the Multilib class extension works automatically to
+ extend the package name from <filename>${PN}</filename> to
+ <filename>${MLPREFIX}${PN}</filename>, where <filename>MLPREFIX</filename>
+ is the particular multilib (e.g. "lib32-" or "lib64-").
+ Standard variables such as
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RPROVIDES'><filename>RPROVIDES</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></ulink>, and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGES_DYNAMIC'><filename>PACKAGES_DYNAMIC</filename></ulink>
+ are automatically extended by the system.
+ If you are extending any manual code in the recipe, you can use the
+ <filename>${MLPREFIX}</filename> variable to ensure those names are extended
+ correctly.
+ This automatic extension code resides in <filename>multilib.bbclass</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-multilib'>
+ <title>Using Multilib</title>
+
+ <para>
+ After you have set up the recipes, you need to define the actual
+ combination of multiple libraries you want to build.
+ You accomplish this through your <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ configuration file in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ An example configuration would be as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MACHINE = "qemux86-64"
+ require conf/multilib.conf
+ MULTILIBS = "multilib:lib32"
+ DEFAULTTUNE_virtclass-multilib-lib32 = "x86"
+ IMAGE_INSTALL = "lib32-connman"
+ </literallayout>
+ This example enables an
+ additional library named <filename>lib32</filename> alongside the
+ normal target packages.
+ When combining these "lib32" alternatives, the example uses "x86" for tuning.
+ For information on this particular tuning, see
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/ia32/arch-ia32.inc</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The example then includes <filename>lib32-connman</filename>
+ in all the images, which illustrates one method of including a
+ multiple library dependency.
+ You can use a normal image build to include this dependency,
+ for example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake core-image-sato
+ </literallayout>
+ You can also build Multilib packages specifically with a command like this:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake lib32-connman
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='additional-implementation-details'>
+ <title>Additional Implementation Details</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Different packaging systems have different levels of native Multilib
+ support.
+ For the RPM Package Management System, the following implementation details
+ exist:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>A unique architecture is defined for the Multilib packages,
+ along with creating a unique deploy folder under
+ <filename>tmp/deploy/rpm</filename> in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ For example, consider <filename>lib32</filename> in a
+ <filename>qemux86-64</filename> image.
+ The possible architectures in the system are "all", "qemux86_64",
+ "lib32_qemux86_64", and "lib32_x86".</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The <filename>${MLPREFIX}</filename> variable is stripped from
+ <filename>${PN}</filename> during RPM packaging.
+ The naming for a normal RPM package and a Multilib RPM package in a
+ <filename>qemux86-64</filename> system resolves to something similar to
+ <filename>bash-4.1-r2.x86_64.rpm</filename> and
+ <filename>bash-4.1.r2.lib32_x86.rpm</filename>, respectively.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>When installing a Multilib image, the RPM backend first
+ installs the base image and then installs the Multilib libraries.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The build system relies on RPM to resolve the identical files in the
+ two (or more) Multilib packages.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For the IPK Package Management System, the following implementation details exist:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The <filename>${MLPREFIX}</filename> is not stripped from
+ <filename>${PN}</filename> during IPK packaging.
+ The naming for a normal RPM package and a Multilib IPK package in a
+ <filename>qemux86-64</filename> system resolves to something like
+ <filename>bash_4.1-r2.x86_64.ipk</filename> and
+ <filename>lib32-bash_4.1-rw_x86.ipk</filename>, respectively.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The IPK deploy folder is not modified with
+ <filename>${MLPREFIX}</filename> because packages with and without
+ the Multilib feature can exist in the same folder due to the
+ <filename>${PN}</filename> differences.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>IPK defines a sanity check for Multilib installation
+ using certain rules for file comparison, overridden, etc.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='installing-multiple-versions-of-the-same-library'>
+ <title>Installing Multiple Versions of the Same Library</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Situations can exist where you need to install and use
+ multiple versions of the same library on the same system
+ at the same time.
+ These situations almost always exist when a library API
+ changes and you have multiple pieces of software that
+ depend on the separate versions of the library.
+ To accommodate these situations, you can install multiple
+ versions of the same library in parallel on the same system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The process is straightforward as long as the libraries use
+ proper versioning.
+ With properly versioned libraries, all you need to do to
+ individually specify the libraries is create separate,
+ appropriately named recipes where the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></ulink> part of the
+ name includes a portion that differentiates each library version
+ (e.g.the major part of the version number).
+ Thus, instead of having a single recipe that loads one version
+ of a library (e.g. <filename>clutter</filename>), you provide
+ multiple recipes that result in different versions
+ of the libraries you want.
+ As an example, the following two recipes would allow the
+ two separate versions of the <filename>clutter</filename>
+ library to co-exist on the same system:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ clutter-1.6_1.6.20.bb
+ clutter-1.8_1.8.4.bb
+ </literallayout>
+ Additionally, if you have other recipes that depend on a given
+ library, you need to use the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ variable to create the dependency.
+ Continuing with the same example, if you want to have a recipe
+ depend on the 1.8 version of the <filename>clutter</filename>
+ library, use the following in your recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPENDS = "clutter-1.8"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-partitioned-images'>
+ <title>Creating Partitioned Images</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creating an image for a particular hardware target using the
+ OpenEmbedded build system does not necessarily mean you can boot
+ that image as is on your device.
+ Physical devices accept and boot images in various ways depending
+ on the specifics of the device.
+ Usually, information about the hardware can tell you what image
+ format the device requires.
+ Should your device require multiple partitions on an SD card, flash,
+ or an HDD, you can use the OpenEmbedded Image Creator,
+ <filename>wic</filename>, to create the properly partitioned image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>wic</filename> command generates partitioned images
+ from existing OpenEmbedded build artifacts.
+ Image generation is driven by partitioning commands contained
+ in an Openembedded kickstart file (<filename>.wks</filename>)
+ specified either directly on the command line or as one of a
+ selection of canned <filename>.wks</filename> files as shown
+ with the <filename>wic list images</filename> command in the
+ "<link linkend='using-a-provided-kickstart_file'>Using an Existing Kickstart File</link>"
+ section.
+ When applied to a given set of build artifacts, the result is an
+ image or set of images that can be directly written onto media and
+ used on a particular system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>wic</filename> command and the infrastructure
+ it is based on is by definition incomplete.
+ Its purpose is to allow the generation of customized images,
+ and as such was designed to be completely extensible through a
+ plugin interface.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='openembedded-kickstart-plugins'>Plugins</link>"
+ section for information on these plugins.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides some background information on
+ <filename>wic</filename>, describes what you need to have in
+ place to run the tool, provides instruction on how to use
+ <filename>wic</filename>, and provides several examples.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='wic-background'>
+ <title>Background</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides some background on the
+ <filename>wic</filename> utility.
+ While none of this information is required to use
+ <filename>wic</filename>, you might find it interesting.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The name "wic" is derived from OpenEmbedded
+ Image Creator (oeic).
+ The "oe" diphthong in "oeic" was promoted to the
+ letter "w", because "oeic" is both difficult to remember and
+ pronounce.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>wic</filename> is loosely based on the
+ Meego Image Creator (<filename>mic</filename>)
+ framework.
+ The <filename>wic</filename> implementation has been
+ heavily modified to make direct use of OpenEmbedded
+ build artifacts instead of package installation and
+ configuration, which are already incorporated within
+ the OpenEmbedded artifacts.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>wic</filename> is a completely independent
+ standalone utility that initially provides
+ easier-to-use and more flexible replacements for a
+ couple bits of existing functionality in OE Core's
+ <filename>boot-directdisk.bbclass</filename> and
+ <filename>mkefidisk.sh</filename> scripts.
+ The difference between
+ <filename>wic</filename> and those examples is
+ that with <filename>wic</filename> the
+ functionality of those scripts is implemented
+ by a general-purpose partitioning language, which is
+ based on Redhat kickstart syntax.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='wic-requirements'>
+ <title>Requirements</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to use the <filename>wic</filename> utility
+ with the OpenEmbedded Build system, your system needs
+ to meet the following requirements:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The Linux distribution on your
+ development host must support the Yocto Project.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#detailed-supported-distros'>Supported Linux Distributions</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for this
+ list of distributions.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The standard system utilities, such as
+ <filename>cp</filename>, must be installed on your
+ development host system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ You need to have the build artifacts already
+ available, which typically means that you must
+ have already created an image using the
+ Openembedded build system (e.g.
+ <filename>core-image-minimal</filename>).
+ While it might seem redundant to generate an image in
+ order to create an image using
+ <filename>wic</filename>, the current version of
+ <filename>wic</filename> requires the artifacts
+ in the form generated by the build system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ You must build several native tools:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake parted-native dosfstools-native mtools-native
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ You must have sourced one of the build environment
+ setup scripts (i.e.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>)
+ found in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='wic-getting-help'>
+ <title>Getting Help</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can get general help for the <filename>wic</filename>
+ by entering the <filename>wic</filename> command by itself
+ or by entering the command with a help argument as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic -h
+ $ wic --help
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Currently, <filename>wic</filename> supports two commands:
+ <filename>create</filename> and <filename>list</filename>.
+ You can get help for these commands as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic help <replaceable>command</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can also get detailed help on a number of topics
+ from the help system.
+ The output of <filename>wic --help</filename>
+ displays a list of available help
+ topics under a "Help topics" heading.
+ You can have the help system display the help text for
+ a given topic by prefacing the topic with
+ <filename>wic help</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic help <replaceable>help_topic</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find out more about the images
+ <filename>wic</filename> creates using the existing
+ kickstart files with the following form of the command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic list <replaceable>image</replaceable> help
+ </literallayout>
+ where <filename><replaceable>image</replaceable></filename> is either
+ <filename>directdisk</filename> or
+ <filename>mkefidisk</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='operational-modes'>
+ <title>Operational Modes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use <filename>wic</filename> in two different
+ modes, depending on how much control you need for
+ specifying the Openembedded build artifacts that are
+ used for creating the image: Raw and Cooked:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Raw Mode:</emphasis>
+ You explicitly specify build artifacts through
+ command-line arguments.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Cooked Mode:</emphasis>
+ The current
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ setting and image name are used to automatically locate
+ and provide the build artifacts.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Regardless of the mode you use, you need to have the build
+ artifacts ready and available.
+ Additionally, the environment must be set up using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>
+ script found in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='raw-mode'>
+ <title>Raw Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The general form of the 'wic' command in raw mode is:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic create <replaceable>image_name</replaceable>.wks [<replaceable>options</replaceable>] [...]
+
+ Where:
+
+ <replaceable>image_name</replaceable>.wks
+ An OpenEmbedded kickstart file. You can provide
+ your own custom file or use a file from a set of
+ existing files as described by further options.
+
+ -o <replaceable>OUTDIR</replaceable>, --outdir=<replaceable>OUTDIR</replaceable>
+ The name of a directory in which to create image.
+
+ -i <replaceable>PROPERTIES_FILE</replaceable>, --infile=<replaceable>PROPERTIES_FILE</replaceable>
+ The name of a file containing the values for image
+ properties as a JSON file.
+
+ -e <replaceable>IMAGE_NAME</replaceable>, --image-name=<replaceable>IMAGE_NAME</replaceable>
+ The name of the image from which to use the artifacts
+ (e.g. <filename>core-image-sato</filename>).
+
+ -r <replaceable>ROOTFS_DIR</replaceable>, --rootfs-dir=<replaceable>ROOTFS_DIR</replaceable>
+ The path to the <filename>/rootfs</filename> directory to use as the
+ <filename>.wks</filename> rootfs source.
+
+ -b <replaceable>BOOTIMG_DIR</replaceable>, --bootimg-dir=<replaceable>BOOTIMG_DIR</replaceable>
+ The path to the directory containing the boot artifacts
+ (e.g. <filename>/EFI</filename> or <filename>/syslinux</filename>) to use as the <filename>.wks</filename> bootimg
+ source.
+
+ -k <replaceable>KERNEL_DIR</replaceable>, --kernel-dir=<replaceable>KERNEL_DIR</replaceable>
+ The path to the directory containing the kernel to use
+ in the <filename>.wks</filename> boot image.
+
+ -n <replaceable>NATIVE_SYSROOT</replaceable>, --native-sysroot=<replaceable>NATIVE_SYSROOT</replaceable>
+ The path to the native sysroot containing the tools to use
+ to build the image.
+
+ -s, --skip-build-check
+ Skips the build check.
+
+ -D, --debug
+ Output debug information.
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ You do not need root privileges to run
+ <filename>wic</filename>.
+ In fact, you should not run as root when using the
+ utility.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='cooked-mode'>
+ <title>Cooked Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The general form of the <filename>wic</filename> command
+ using Cooked Mode is:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic create <replaceable>kickstart_file</replaceable> -e <replaceable>image_name</replaceable>
+
+ Where:
+
+ <replaceable>kickstart_file</replaceable>
+ An OpenEmbedded kickstart file. You can provide your own
+ custom file or supplied file.
+
+ <replaceable>image_name</replaceable>
+ Specifies the image built using the OpenEmbedded build
+ system.
+ </literallayout>
+ This form is the simplest and most user-friendly, as it
+ does not require specifying all individual parameters.
+ All you need to provide is your own
+ <filename>.wks</filename> file or one provided with the
+ release.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-a-provided-kickstart_file'>
+ <title>Using an Existing Kickstart File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not want to create your own
+ <filename>.wks</filename> file, you can use an existing
+ file provided by the <filename>wic</filename> installation.
+ Use the following command to list the available files:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic list images
+ directdisk Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image
+ mkefidisk Create an EFI disk image
+ </literallayout>
+ When you use an existing file, you do not have to use the
+ <filename>.wks</filename> extension.
+ Here is an example in Raw Mode that uses the
+ <filename>directdisk</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic create directdisk -r <replaceable>rootfs_dir</replaceable> -b <replaceable>bootimg_dir</replaceable> \
+ -k <replaceable>kernel_dir</replaceable> -n <replaceable>native_sysroot</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are the actual partition language commands
+ used in the <filename>mkefidisk.wks</filename> file to generate
+ an image:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # short-description: Create an EFI disk image
+ # long-description: Creates a partitioned EFI disk image that the user
+ # can directly dd to boot media.
+
+ part /boot --source bootimg-efi --ondisk sda --label msdos --active --align 1024
+
+ part / --source rootfs --ondisk sda --fstype=ext3 --label platform --align 1024
+
+ part swap --ondisk sda --size 44 --label swap1 --fstype=swap
+
+ bootloader --timeout=10 --append="rootwait rootfstype=ext3 console=ttyPCH0,115200 console=tty0 vmalloc=256MB snd-hda-intel.enable_msi=0"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='wic-usage-examples'>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides several examples that show how to use
+ the <filename>wic</filename> utility.
+ All the examples assume the list of requirements in the
+ "<link linkend='wic-requirements'>Requirements</link>" section
+ have been met.
+ The examples assume the previously generated image is
+ <filename>core-image-minimal</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='generate-an-image-using-a-provided-kickstart-file'>
+ <title>Generate an Image using an Existing Kickstart File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This example runs in Cooked Mode and uses the
+ <filename>mkefidisk</filename> kickstart file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic create mkefidisk -e core-image-minimal
+ Checking basic build environment...
+ Done.
+
+ Creating image(s)...
+
+ Info: The new image(s) can be found here:
+ /var/tmp/wic/build/mkefidisk-201310230946-sda.direct
+
+ The following build artifacts were used to create the image(s):
+ ROOTFS_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/work/minnow-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs
+ BOOTIMG_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/work/minnow-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/core-image-minimal-1.0/hddimg
+ KERNEL_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/minnow/usr/src/kernel
+ NATIVE_SYSROOT: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux
+
+
+ The image(s) were created using OE kickstart file:
+ /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/scripts/lib/image/canned-wks/mkefidisk.wks
+ </literallayout>
+ This example shows the easiest way to create an image
+ by running in Cooked Mode and using the
+ <filename>-e</filename> option with an existing kickstart
+ file.
+ All that is necessary is to specify the image used to
+ generate the artifacts.
+ Your <filename>local.conf</filename> needs to have the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ variable set to the machine you are using, which is
+ "minnow" in this example.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The output specifies the exact created as well as where
+ it was created.
+ The output also names the artifacts used and the exact
+ <filename>.wks</filename> script that was used to generate
+ the image.
+ <note>
+ You should always verify the details provided in the
+ output to make sure that the image was indeed created
+ exactly as expected.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Continuing with the example, you can now directly
+ <filename>dd</filename> the image to a USB stick, or
+ whatever media for which you built your image,
+ and boot the resulting media:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo dd if=/var/tmp/wic/build/mkefidisk-201310230946-sda.direct of=/dev/sdb
+ [sudo] password for trz:
+ 182274+0 records in
+ 182274+0 records out
+ 93324288 bytes (93 MB) copied, 14.4777 s, 6.4 MB/s
+ [trz@empanada ~]$ sudo eject /dev/sdb
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-a-modified-kickstart-file'>
+ <title>Using a Modified Kickstart File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Because <filename>wic</filename> image creation is driven
+ by the kickstart file, it is easy to affect image creation
+ by changing the parameters in the file.
+ This next example demonstrates that through modification
+ of the <filename>directdisk</filename> kickstart file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As mentioned earlier, you can use the command
+ <filename>wic list images</filename> to show the list
+ of existing kickstart files.
+ The directory in which these files reside is
+ <filename>scripts/lib/image/canned-wks/</filename>
+ located in the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
+ Because the available files reside in this directory, you
+ can create and add your own custom files to the directory.
+ Subsequent use of the <filename>wic list images</filename>
+ command would then include your kickstart files.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In this example, the existing
+ <filename>directdisk</filename> file already does most
+ of what is needed.
+ However, for the hardware in this example, the image will
+ need to boot from <filename>sdb</filename> instead of
+ <filename>sda</filename>, which is what the
+ <filename>directdisk</filename> kickstart file uses.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The example begins by making a copy of the
+ <filename>directdisk.wks</filename> file in the
+ <filename>scripts/lib/image/canned-wks</filename>
+ directory and then changing the lines that specify the
+ target disk from which to boot.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cp /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/scripts/lib/image/canned-wks/directdisk.wks \
+ /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/scripts/lib/image/canned-wks/directdisksdb.wks
+ </literallayout>
+ Next, the example modifies the
+ <filename>directdisksdb.wks</filename> file and changes all
+ instances of "<filename>--ondisk sda</filename>"
+ to "<filename>--ondisk sdb</filename>".
+ The example changes the following two lines and leaves the
+ remaining lines untouched:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ part /boot --source bootimg-pcbios --ondisk sdb --label boot --active --align 1024
+ part / --source rootfs --ondisk sdb --fstype=ext3 --label platform --align 1024
+ </literallayout>
+ Once the lines are changed, the example generates the
+ <filename>directdisksdb</filename> image.
+ The command points the process at the
+ <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> artifacts for the
+ Next Unit of Computing (nuc)
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ the <filename>local.conf</filename>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic create directdisksdb -e core-image-minimal
+ Checking basic build environment...
+ Done.
+
+ Creating image(s)...
+
+ Info: The new image(s) can be found here:
+ /var/tmp/wic/build/directdisksdb-201310231131-sdb.direct
+
+ The following build artifacts were used to create the image(s):
+ ROOTFS_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/work/nuc-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs
+ BOOTIMG_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/nuc/usr/share
+ KERNEL_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/nuc/usr/src/kernel
+ NATIVE_SYSROOT: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux
+
+
+ The image(s) were created using OE kickstart file:
+ /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/scripts/lib/image/canned-wks/directdisksdb.wks
+ </literallayout>
+ Continuing with the example, you can now directly
+ <filename>dd</filename> the image to a USB stick, or
+ whatever media for which you built your image,
+ and boot the resulting media:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo dd if=/var/tmp/wic/build/directdisksdb-201310231131-sdb.direct of=/dev/sdb
+ 86018+0 records in
+ 86018+0 records out
+ 44041216 bytes (44 MB) copied, 13.0734 s, 3.4 MB/s
+ [trz@empanada tmp]$ sudo eject /dev/sdb
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-an-image-based-on-core-image-minimal-and-crownbay-noemgd'>
+ <title>Creating an Image Based on <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> and <filename>crownbay-noemgd</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This example creates an image based on
+ <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> and a
+ <filename>crownbay-noemgd</filename>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ that works right out of the box.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic create directdisk -e core-image-minimal
+
+ Checking basic build environment...
+ Done.
+
+ Creating image(s)...
+
+ Info: The new image(s) can be found here:
+ /var/tmp/wic/build/directdisk-201309252350-sda.direct
+
+ The following build artifacts were used to create the image(s):
+
+ ROOTFS_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/work/crownbay_noemgd-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs
+ BOOTIMG_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/crownbay-noemgd/usr/share
+ KERNEL_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/crownbay-noemgd/usr/src/kernel
+ NATIVE_SYSROOT: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/crownbay-noemgd/usr/src/kernel
+
+ The image(s) were created using OE kickstart file:
+ /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/scripts/lib/image/canned-wks/directdisk.wks
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-a-modified-kickstart-file-and-running-in-raw-mode'>
+ <title>Using a Modified Kickstart File and Running in Raw Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This next example manually specifies each build artifact
+ (runs in Raw Mode) and uses a modified kickstart file.
+ The example also uses the <filename>-o</filename> option
+ to cause <filename>wic</filename> to create the output
+ somewhere other than the default
+ <filename>/var/tmp/wic</filename> directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wic create ~/test.wks -o /home/trz/testwic --rootfs-dir \
+ /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/work/crownbay_noemgd-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs \
+ --bootimg-dir /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/crownbay-noemgd/usr/share \
+ --kernel-dir /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/crownbay-noemgd/usr/src/kernel \
+ --native-sysroot /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux
+
+ Creating image(s)...
+
+ Info: The new image(s) can be found here:
+ /home/trz/testwic/build/test-201309260032-sda.direct
+
+ The following build artifacts were used to create the image(s):
+
+ ROOTFS_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/work/crownbay_noemgd-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs
+ BOOTIMG_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/crownbay-noemgd/usr/share
+ KERNEL_DIR: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/crownbay-noemgd/usr/src/kernel
+ NATIVE_SYSROOT: /home/trz/yocto/yocto-image/build/tmp/sysroots/crownbay-noemgd/usr/src/kernel
+
+ The image(s) were created using OE kickstart file:
+ /home/trz/test.wks
+ </literallayout>
+ For this example,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ did not have to be specified in the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file since the artifact is
+ manually specified.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='openembedded-kickstart-plugins'>
+ <title>Plugins</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Plugins allow <filename>wic</filename> functionality to
+ be extended and specialized by users.
+ This section documents the plugin interface, which is
+ currently restricted to source plugins.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Source plugins provide a mechanism to customize
+ various aspects of the image generation process in
+ <filename>wic</filename>, mainly the contents of
+ partitions.
+ The plugins provide a mechanism for mapping values
+ specified in <filename>.wks</filename> files using the
+ <filename>--source</filename> keyword to a
+ particular plugin implementation that populates a
+ corresponding partition.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A source plugin is created as a subclass of
+ <filename>SourcePlugin</filename>.
+ The plugin file containing it is added to
+ <filename>scripts/lib/mic/plugins/source/</filename> to
+ make the plugin implementation available to the
+ <filename>wic</filename> implementation.
+ For more information, see
+ <filename>scripts/lib/mic/pluginbase.py</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Source plugins can also be implemented and added by
+ external layers.
+ As such, any plugins found in a
+ <filename>scripts/lib/mic/plugins/source/</filename>
+ directory in an external layer are also made
+ available.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When the <filename>wic</filename> implementation needs
+ to invoke a partition-specific implementation, it looks
+ for the plugin that has the same name as the
+ <filename>--source</filename> parameter given to
+ that partition.
+ For example, if the partition is set up as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ part /boot --source bootimg-pcbios ...
+ </literallayout>
+ The methods defined as class members of the plugin
+ having the matching <filename>bootimg-pcbios.name</filename>
+ class member are used.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To be more concrete, here is the plugin definition that
+ matches a
+ <filename>--source bootimg-pcbios</filename> usage,
+ along with an example
+ method called by the <filename>wic</filename> implementation
+ when it needs to invoke an implementation-specific
+ partition-preparation function:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ class BootimgPcbiosPlugin(SourcePlugin):
+ name = 'bootimg-pcbios'
+
+ @classmethod
+ def do_prepare_partition(self, part, ...)
+ </literallayout>
+ If the subclass itself does not implement a function, a
+ default version in a superclass is located and
+ used, which is why all plugins must be derived from
+ <filename>SourcePlugin</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>SourcePlugin</filename> class defines the
+ following methods, which is the current set of methods
+ that can be implemented or overridden by
+ <filename>--source</filename> plugins.
+ Any methods not implemented by a
+ <filename>SourcePlugin</filename> subclass inherit the
+ implementations present in the
+ <filename>SourcePlugin</filename> class.
+ For more information, see the
+ <filename>SourcePlugin</filename> source for details:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>do_prepare_partition()</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Called to do the actual content population for a
+ partition.
+ In other words, the method prepares the final
+ partition image that is incorporated into the
+ disk image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>do_configure_partition()</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Called before
+ <filename>do_prepare_partition()</filename>.
+ This method is typically used to create custom
+ configuration files for a partition (e.g. syslinux or
+ grub configuration files).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>do_install_disk()</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Called after all partitions have been prepared and
+ assembled into a disk image.
+ This method provides a hook to allow finalization of a
+ disk image, (e.g. writing an MBR).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>do_stage_partition()</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Special content-staging hook called before
+ <filename>do_prepare_partition()</filename>.
+ This method is normally empty.</para>
+ <para>Typically, a partition just uses the passed-in
+ parameters (e.g. the unmodified value of
+ <filename>bootimg_dir</filename>).
+ However, in some cases things might need to be
+ more tailored.
+ As an example, certain files might additionally
+ need to be taken from
+ <filename>bootimg_dir + /boot</filename>.
+ This hook allows those files to be staged in a
+ customized fashion.
+ <note>
+ <filename>get_bitbake_var()</filename>
+ allows you to access non-standard variables
+ that you might want to use for this.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This scheme is extensible.
+ Adding more hooks is a simple matter of adding more
+ plugin methods to <filename>SourcePlugin</filename> and
+ derived classes.
+ The code that then needs to call the plugin methods uses
+ <filename>plugin.get_source_plugin_methods()</filename>
+ to find the method or methods needed by the call.
+ Retrieval of those methods is accomplished
+ by filling up a dict with keys
+ containing the method names of interest.
+ On success, these will be filled in with the actual
+ methods.
+ Please see the <filename>wic</filename>
+ implementation for examples and details.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='openembedded-kickstart-wks-reference'>
+ <title>OpenEmbedded Kickstart (.wks) Reference</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The current <filename>wic</filename> implementation supports
+ only the basic kickstart partitioning commands:
+ <filename>partition</filename> (or <filename>part</filename>
+ for short) and <filename>bootloader</filename>.
+ <note>
+ Future updates will implement more commands and options.
+ If you use anything that is not specifically
+ supported, results can be unpredictable.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following is a list of the commands, their syntax,
+ and meanings.
+ The commands are based on the Fedora
+ kickstart versions but with modifications to
+ reflect <filename>wic</filename> capabilities.
+ You can see the original documentation for those commands
+ at the following links:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <ulink url='http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Kickstart#part_or_partition'>http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Kickstart#part_or_partition</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <ulink url='http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Kickstart#bootloader'>http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Kickstart#bootloader</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='command-part-or-partition'>
+ <title>Command: part or partition</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This command creates a partition on the system and uses the
+ following syntax:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ part <replaceable>mntpoint</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename><replaceable>mntpoint</replaceable></filename>
+ is where the
+ partition will be mounted and must be of one of the
+ following forms:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>/<replaceable>path</replaceable></filename>:
+ For example, <filename>/</filename>,
+ <filename>/usr</filename>, and
+ <filename>/home</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>swap</filename>:
+ The partition will be used as swap space.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following are the supported options:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>--size</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The minimum partition size in MBytes.
+ Specify an integer value such as 500.
+ Do not append the number with "MB".
+ You do not need this option if you use
+ <filename>--source</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>--source</filename>:</emphasis>
+ This option is a
+ <filename>wic</filename>-specific option that
+ names the source of the data that populates
+ the partition.
+ The most common value for this option is
+ "rootfs", but you can use any value that maps to
+ a valid source plugin.
+ For information on the source plugins, see the
+ "<link linkend='openembedded-kickstart-plugins'>Plugins</link>"
+ section.</para>
+ <para>If you use
+ <filename>--source rootfs</filename>,
+ <filename>wic</filename> creates a partition as
+ large as needed and to fill it with the contents of
+ the root filesystem pointed to by the
+ <filename>-r</filename> command-line option
+ or the equivalent rootfs derived from the
+ <filename>-e</filename> command-line
+ option.
+ The filesystem type used to create the
+ partition is driven by the value of the
+ <filename>--fstype</filename> option
+ specified for the partition.
+ See the entry on
+ <filename>--fstype</filename> that
+ follows for more information.
+ </para>
+ <para>If you use
+ <filename>--source <replaceable>plugin-name</replaceable></filename>,
+ <filename>wic</filename> creates a partition as
+ large as needed and fills it with the contents of
+ the partition that is generated by the
+ specified plugin name using the data pointed
+ to by the <filename>-r</filename> command-line
+ option or the equivalent rootfs derived from the
+ <filename>-e</filename> command-line
+ option.
+ Exactly what those contents and
+ filesystem type end up being are dependent
+ on the given plugin implementation.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>--ondisk</filename> or <filename>--ondrive</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Forces the partition to be created on a particular
+ disk.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>--fstype</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Sets the file system type for the partition.
+ Valid values are:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>ext4</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>ext3</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>ext2</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>btrfs</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>squashfs</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>swap</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>--fsoptions</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Specifies a free-form string of options to be
+ used when mounting the filesystem.
+ This string will be copied into the
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file of the
+ installed system and should be enclosed in
+ quotes.
+ If not specified, the default string
+ is "defaults".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>--label label</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Specifies the label to give to the filesystem to
+ be made on the partition.
+ If the given label is already in use by another
+ filesystem, a new label is created for the
+ partition.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>--active</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Marks the partition as active.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>--align (in KBytes)</filename>:</emphasis>
+ This option is a <filename>wic</filename>-specific
+ option that says to start a partition on an
+ x KBytes boundary.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='command-bootloader'>
+ <title>Command: bootloader</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This command specifies how the boot loader should be
+ configured and supports the following options:
+ <note>
+ Bootloader functionality and boot partitions are
+ implemented by the various
+ <filename>--source</filename>
+ plugins that implement bootloader functionality.
+ The bootloader command essentially provides a means of
+ modifying bootloader configuration.
+ </note>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>--timeout</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Specifies the number of seconds before the
+ bootloader times out and boots the default option.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>--append</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Specifies kernel parameters.
+ These parameters will be added to the syslinux
+ <filename>APPEND</filename> or
+ <filename>grub</filename> kernel command line.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='configuring-the-kernel'>
+ <title>Configuring the Kernel</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Configuring the Yocto Project kernel consists of making sure the
+ <filename>.config</filename> file has all the right information
+ in it for the image you are building.
+ You can use the <filename>menuconfig</filename> tool and
+ configuration fragments to make sure your
+ <filename>.config</filename> file is just how you need it.
+ You can also save known configurations in a
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file that the build system can use
+ for kernel configuration.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes how to use <filename>menuconfig</filename>,
+ create and use configuration fragments, and how to interactively
+ modify your <filename>.config</filename> file to create the
+ leanest kernel configuration file possible.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on kernel configuration, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#changing-the-configuration'>Changing the Configuration</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='using-menuconfig'>
+ <title>Using <filename>menuconfig</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The easiest way to define kernel configurations is to set them through the
+ <filename>menuconfig</filename> tool.
+ This tool provides an interactive method with which
+ to set kernel configurations.
+ For general information on <filename>menuconfig</filename>, see
+ <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menuconfig'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use the <filename>menuconfig</filename> tool in the Yocto Project development
+ environment, you must launch it using BitBake.
+ Thus, the environment must be set up using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>
+ script found in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ You must also be sure of the state of your build in the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
+ The following commands run <filename>menuconfig</filename>
+ assuming the Source Directory's top-level folder is
+ <filename>~/poky</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd poky
+ $ source oe-init-build-env
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c kernel_configme -f
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c menuconfig
+ </literallayout>
+ Once <filename>menuconfig</filename> comes up, its standard
+ interface allows you to interactively examine and configure
+ all the kernel configuration parameters.
+ After making your changes, simply exit the tool and save your
+ changes to create an updated version of the
+ <filename>.config</filename> configuration file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Consider an example that configures the <filename>linux-yocto-3.14</filename>
+ kernel.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system recognizes this kernel as
+ <filename>linux-yocto</filename>.
+ Thus, the following commands from the shell in which you previously sourced the
+ environment initialization script cleans the shared state cache and the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></ulink>
+ directory and then runs <filename>menuconfig</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c menuconfig
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once <filename>menuconfig</filename> launches, use the interface
+ to navigate through the selections to find the configuration settings in
+ which you are interested.
+ For example, consider the <filename>CONFIG_SMP</filename> configuration setting.
+ You can find it at <filename>Processor Type and Features</filename> under
+ the configuration selection <filename>Symmetric Multi-processing Support</filename>.
+ After highlighting the selection, use the arrow keys to select or deselect
+ the setting.
+ When you are finished with all your selections, exit out and save them.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Saving the selections updates the <filename>.config</filename> configuration file.
+ This is the file that the OpenEmbedded build system uses to configure the
+ kernel during the build.
+ You can find and examine this file in the Build Directory in
+ <filename>tmp/work/</filename>.
+ The actual <filename>.config</filename> is located in the area where the
+ specific kernel is built.
+ For example, if you were building a Linux Yocto kernel based on the
+ Linux 3.14 kernel and you were building a QEMU image targeted for
+ <filename>x86</filename> architecture, the
+ <filename>.config</filename> file would be located here:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ poky/build/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/linux-yocto-3.14.11+git1+84f...
+ ...656ed30-r1/linux-qemux86-standard-build
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ The previous example directory is artificially split and many of the characters
+ in the actual filename are omitted in order to make it more readable.
+ Also, depending on the kernel you are using, the exact pathname
+ for <filename>linux-yocto-3.14...</filename> might differ.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Within the <filename>.config</filename> file, you can see the kernel settings.
+ For example, the following entry shows that symmetric multi-processor support
+ is not set:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # CONFIG_SMP is not set
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A good method to isolate changed configurations is to use a combination of the
+ <filename>menuconfig</filename> tool and simple shell commands.
+ Before changing configurations with <filename>menuconfig</filename>, copy the
+ existing <filename>.config</filename> and rename it to something else,
+ use <filename>menuconfig</filename> to make
+ as many changes as you want and save them, then compare the renamed configuration
+ file against the newly created file.
+ You can use the resulting differences as your base to create configuration fragments
+ to permanently save in your kernel layer.
+ <note>
+ Be sure to make a copy of the <filename>.config</filename> and don't just
+ rename it.
+ The build system needs an existing <filename>.config</filename>
+ from which to work.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-a-defconfig-file'>
+ <title>Creating a <filename>defconfig</filename> File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A <filename>defconfig</filename> file is simply a
+ <filename>.config</filename> renamed to "defconfig".
+ You can use a <filename>defconfig</filename> file
+ to retain a known set of kernel configurations from which the
+ OpenEmbedded build system can draw to create the final
+ <filename>.config</filename> file.
+ <note>
+ Out-of-the-box, the Yocto Project never ships a
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> or
+ <filename>.config</filename> file.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system creates the final
+ <filename>.config</filename> file used to configure the
+ kernel.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To create a <filename>defconfig</filename>, start with a
+ complete, working Linux kernel <filename>.config</filename>
+ file.
+ Copy that file to the appropriate
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>
+ directory in your layer's
+ <filename>recipes-kernel/linux</filename> directory, and rename
+ the copied file to "defconfig".
+ Then, add the following lines to the linux-yocto
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> file in your layer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/${PN}:"
+ SRC_URI += "file://defconfig"
+ </literallayout>
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ tells the build system how to search for the file, while the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></ulink>
+ extends the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESPATH'><filename>FILESPATH</filename></ulink>
+ variable (search directories) to include the
+ <filename>${PN}</filename> directory you created to hold the
+ configuration changes.
+ <note>
+ The build system applies the configurations from the
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file before applying any
+ subsequent configuration fragments.
+ The final kernel configuration is a combination of the
+ configurations in the <filename>defconfig</filename>
+ file and any configuration fragments you provide.
+ You need to realize that if you have any configuration
+ fragments, the build system applies these on top of and
+ after applying the existing defconfig file configurations.
+ </note>
+ For more information on configuring the kernel, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#changing-the-configuration'>Changing the Configuration</ulink>"
+ and
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#generating-configuration-files'>Generating Configuration Files</ulink>"
+ sections, both in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development
+ Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-config-fragments'>
+ <title>Creating Configuration Fragments</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Configuration fragments are simply kernel options that appear in a file
+ placed where the OpenEmbedded build system can find and apply them.
+ Syntactically, the configuration statement is identical to what would appear
+ in the <filename>.config</filename> file, which is in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ tmp/work/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-poky-linux/linux-yocto-<replaceable>release_specific_string</replaceable>/linux-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-<replaceable>build_type</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is simple to create a configuration fragment.
+ For example, issuing the following from the shell creates a configuration fragment
+ file named <filename>my_smp.cfg</filename> that enables multi-processor support
+ within the kernel:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ echo "CONFIG_SMP=y" >> my_smp.cfg
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ All configuration fragment files must use the
+ <filename>.cfg</filename> extension in order for the
+ OpenEmbedded build system to recognize them as a
+ configuration fragment.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Where do you put your configuration fragment files?
+ You can place these files in the same area pointed to by
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system picks up the configuration and
+ adds it to the kernel's configuration.
+ For example, suppose you had a set of configuration options
+ in a file called <filename>myconfig.cfg</filename>.
+ If you put that file inside a directory named
+ <filename>linux-yocto</filename> that resides in the same
+ directory as the kernel's append file and then add a
+ <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statement such as the following
+ to the kernel's append file, those configuration options
+ will be picked up and applied when the kernel is built.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI += "file://myconfig.cfg"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As mentioned earlier, you can group related configurations into multiple files and
+ name them all in the <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statement as well.
+ For example, you could group separate configurations specifically for Ethernet and graphics
+ into their own files and add those by using a <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statement like the
+ following in your append file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI += "file://myconfig.cfg \
+ file://eth.cfg \
+ file://gfx.cfg"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='fine-tuning-the-kernel-configuration-file'>
+ <title>Fine-Tuning the Kernel Configuration File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can make sure the <filename>.config</filename> file is as lean or efficient as
+ possible by reading the output of the kernel configuration fragment audit,
+ noting any issues, making changes to correct the issues, and then repeating.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As part of the kernel build process, the
+ <filename>do_kernel_configcheck</filename> task runs.
+ This task validates the kernel configuration by checking the final
+ <filename>.config</filename> file against the input files.
+ During the check, the task produces warning messages for the following
+ issues:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Requested options that did not make the final
+ <filename>.config</filename> file.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Configuration items that appear twice in the same
+ configuration fragment.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Configuration items tagged as "required" that were overridden.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>A board overrides a non-board specific option.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Listed options not valid for the kernel being processed.
+ In other words, the option does not appear anywhere.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <note>
+ The <filename>do_kernel_configcheck</filename> task can
+ also optionally report if an option is overridden during
+ processing.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For each output warning, a message points to the file
+ that contains a list of the options and a pointer to the
+ configuration fragment that defines them.
+ Collectively, the files are the key to streamlining the
+ configuration.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To streamline the configuration, do the following:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Start with a full configuration that you
+ know works - it builds and boots successfully.
+ This configuration file will be your baseline.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Separately run the
+ <filename>do_configme</filename> and
+ <filename>do_kernel_configcheck</filename> tasks.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Take the resulting list of files from the
+ <filename>do_kernel_configcheck</filename> task
+ warnings and do the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Drop values that are redefined in the fragment
+ but do not change the final
+ <filename>.config</filename> file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Analyze and potentially drop values from the
+ <filename>.config</filename> file that override
+ required configurations.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Analyze and potentially remove non-board
+ specific options.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Remove repeated and invalid options.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ After you have worked through the output of the kernel
+ configuration audit, you can re-run the
+ <filename>do_configme</filename> and
+ <filename>do_kernel_configcheck</filename> tasks to
+ see the results of your changes.
+ If you have more issues, you can deal with them as
+ described in the previous step.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Iteratively working through steps two through four eventually yields
+ a minimal, streamlined configuration file.
+ Once you have the best <filename>.config</filename>, you can build the Linux
+ Yocto kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="patching-the-kernel">
+ <title>Patching the Kernel</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Patching the kernel involves changing or adding configurations to an existing kernel,
+ changing or adding recipes to the kernel that are needed to support specific hardware features,
+ or even altering the source code itself.
+ <note>
+ You can use the <filename>yocto-kernel</filename> script
+ found in the <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ under <filename>scripts</filename> to manage kernel patches and configuration.
+ See the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#managing-kernel-patches-and-config-items-with-yocto-kernel'>Managing kernel Patches and Config Items with yocto-kernel</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP) Developer's Guide for
+ more information.</note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This example creates a simple patch by adding some QEMU emulator console
+ output at boot time through <filename>printk</filename> statements in the kernel's
+ <filename>calibrate.c</filename> source code file.
+ Applying the patch and booting the modified image causes the added
+ messages to appear on the emulator's console.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The example assumes a clean build exists for the <filename>qemux86</filename>
+ machine in a
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ named <filename>poky</filename>.
+ Furthermore, the <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link> is
+ <filename>build</filename> and is located in <filename>poky</filename> and
+ the kernel is based on the Linux 3.4 kernel.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Also, for more information on patching the kernel, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#applying-patches'>Applying Patches</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='create-a-layer-for-your-changes'>
+ <title>Create a Layer for your Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The first step is to create a layer so you can isolate your
+ changes.
+ Rather than use the <filename>yocto-layer</filename> script
+ to create the layer, this example steps through the process
+ by hand.
+ If you want information on the script that creates a general
+ layer, see the
+ "<link linkend='creating-a-general-layer-using-the-yocto-layer-script'>Creating a General Layer Using the yocto-layer Script</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ These two commands create a directory you can use for your
+ layer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~/poky
+ $ mkdir meta-mylayer
+ </literallayout>
+ Creating a directory that follows the Yocto Project layer naming
+ conventions sets up the layer for your changes.
+ The layer is where you place your configuration files, append
+ files, and patch files.
+ To learn more about creating a layer and filling it with the
+ files you need, see the "<link linkend='understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding
+ and Creating Layers</link>" section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='finding-the-kernel-source-code'>
+ <title>Finding the Kernel Source Code</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Each time you build a kernel image, the kernel source code is fetched
+ and unpacked into the following directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${S}/linux
+ </literallayout>
+ See the "<link linkend='finding-the-temporary-source-code'>Finding Temporary Source Code</link>"
+ section and the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-S'><filename>S</filename></ulink> variable
+ for more information about where source is kept during a build.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For this example, we are going to patch the
+ <filename>init/calibrate.c</filename> file
+ by adding some simple console <filename>printk</filename> statements that we can
+ see when we boot the image using QEMU.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-the-patch'>
+ <title>Creating the Patch</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Two methods exist by which you can create the patch:
+ <link linkend='using-devtool-in-your-workflow'><filename>devtool</filename></link> and
+ <link linkend='using-a-quilt-workflow'>Quilt</link>.
+ For kernel patches, the Git workflow is more appropriate.
+ This section assumes the Git workflow and shows the steps specific to
+ this example.
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Change the working directory</emphasis>:
+ Change to where the kernel source code is before making
+ your edits to the <filename>calibrate.c</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~/poky/build/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/linux-yocto-${PV}-${PR}/linux
+ </literallayout>
+ Because you are working in an established Git repository,
+ you must be in this directory in order to commit your changes
+ and create the patch file.
+ <note>The <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink> and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></ulink> variables
+ represent the version and revision for the
+ <filename>linux-yocto</filename> recipe.
+ The <filename>PV</filename> variable includes the Git meta and machine
+ hashes, which make the directory name longer than you might
+ expect.
+ </note></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Edit the source file</emphasis>:
+ Edit the <filename>init/calibrate.c</filename> file to have the
+ following changes:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ void calibrate_delay(void)
+ {
+ unsigned long lpj;
+ static bool printed;
+ int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
+
+ printk("*************************************\n");
+ printk("* *\n");
+ printk("* HELLO YOCTO KERNEL *\n");
+ printk("* *\n");
+ printk("*************************************\n");
+
+ if (per_cpu(cpu_loops_per_jiffy, this_cpu)) {
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Stage and commit your changes</emphasis>:
+ These Git commands display the modified file, stage it, and then
+ commit the file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git status
+ $ git add init/calibrate.c
+ $ git commit -m "calibrate: Add printk example"
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Generate the patch file</emphasis>:
+ This Git command creates the a patch file named
+ <filename>0001-calibrate-Add-printk-example.patch</filename>
+ in the current directory.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git format-patch -1
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='set-up-your-layer-for-the-build'>
+ <title>Set Up Your Layer for the Build</title>
+
+ <para>These steps get your layer set up for the build:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create additional structure</emphasis>:
+ Create the additional layer structure:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~/poky/meta-mylayer
+ $ mkdir conf
+ $ mkdir recipes-kernel
+ $ mkdir recipes-kernel/linux
+ $ mkdir recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>conf</filename> directory holds your configuration files, while the
+ <filename>recipes-kernel</filename> directory holds your append file and
+ your patch file.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create the layer configuration file</emphasis>:
+ Move to the <filename>meta-mylayer/conf</filename> directory and create
+ the <filename>layer.conf</filename> file as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # We have a conf and classes directory, add to BBPATH
+ BBPATH .= ":${LAYERDIR}"
+
+ # We have recipes-* directories, add to BBFILES
+ BBFILES += "${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bb \
+ ${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bbappend"
+
+ BBFILE_COLLECTIONS += "mylayer"
+ BBFILE_PATTERN_mylayer = "^${LAYERDIR}/"
+ BBFILE_PRIORITY_mylayer = "5"
+ </literallayout>
+ Notice <filename>mylayer</filename> as part of the last three
+ statements.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create the kernel recipe append file</emphasis>:
+ Move to the <filename>meta-mylayer/recipes-kernel/linux</filename> directory and create
+ the <filename>linux-yocto_3.4.bbappend</filename> file as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/${PN}:"
+
+ SRC_URI += "file://0001-calibrate-Add-printk-example.patch"
+ </literallayout>
+ The <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></ulink>
+ and <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ statements enable the OpenEmbedded build system to find the patch file.
+ For more information on using append files, see the
+ "<link linkend='using-bbappend-files'>Using .bbappend Files</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Put the patch file in your layer</emphasis>:
+ Move the <filename>0001-calibrate-Add-printk-example.patch</filename> file to
+ the <filename>meta-mylayer/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto</filename>
+ directory.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='set-up-for-the-build'>
+ <title>Set Up for the Build</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Do the following to make sure the build parameters are set up for the example.
+ Once you set up these build parameters, they do not have to change unless you
+ change the target architecture of the machine you are building:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build for the correct target architecture:</emphasis> Your
+ selected <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ definition within the <filename>local.conf</filename> file in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>
+ specifies the target architecture used when building the Linux kernel.
+ By default, <filename>MACHINE</filename> is set to
+ <filename>qemux86</filename>, which specifies a 32-bit
+ <trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark> Architecture
+ target machine suitable for the QEMU emulator.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Identify your <filename>meta-mylayer</filename>
+ layer:</emphasis> The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBLAYERS'><filename>BBLAYERS</filename></ulink>
+ variable in the
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file found in the
+ <filename>poky/build/conf</filename> directory needs to have the path to your local
+ <filename>meta-mylayer</filename> layer.
+ By default, the <filename>BBLAYERS</filename> variable contains paths to
+ <filename>meta</filename>, <filename>meta-yocto</filename>, and
+ <filename>meta-yocto-bsp</filename> in the
+ <filename>poky</filename> Git repository.
+ Add the path to your <filename>meta-mylayer</filename> location:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BBLAYERS ?= " \
+ $HOME/poky/meta \
+ $HOME/poky/meta-yocto \
+ $HOME/poky/meta-yocto-bsp \
+ $HOME/poky/meta-mylayer \
+ "
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='build-the-modified-qemu-kernel-image'>
+ <title>Build the Modified QEMU Kernel Image</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following steps build your modified kernel image:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Be sure your build environment is initialized</emphasis>:
+ Your environment should be set up since you previously sourced
+ the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ script.
+ If it is not, source the script again from <filename>poky</filename>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~/poky
+ $ source &OE_INIT_FILE;
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Clean up</emphasis>:
+ Be sure to clean the shared state out by using BitBake
+ to run from within the Build Directory the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-cleansstate'><filename>do_cleansstate</filename></ulink>
+ task as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -c cleansstate linux-yocto
+ </literallayout></para>
+ <para>
+ <note>
+ Never remove any files by hand from the
+ <filename>tmp/deploy</filename>
+ directory inside the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ Always use the various BitBake clean tasks to
+ clear out previous build artifacts.
+ For information on the clean tasks, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-clean'><filename>do_clean</filename></ulink>",
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-cleanall'><filename>do_cleanall</filename></ulink>",
+ and
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-cleansstate'><filename>do_cleansstate</filename></ulink>"
+ sections all in the Yocto Project Reference
+ Manual.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build the image</emphasis>:
+ Next, build the kernel image using this command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -k linux-yocto
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='boot-the-image-and-verify-your-changes'>
+ <title>Boot the Image and Verify Your Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ These steps boot the image and allow you to see the changes
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Boot the image</emphasis>:
+ Boot the modified image in the QEMU emulator
+ using this command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ runqemu qemux86
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Verify the changes</emphasis>:
+ Log into the machine using <filename>root</filename> with no password and then
+ use the following shell command to scroll through the console's boot output.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # dmesg | less
+ </literallayout>
+ You should see the results of your <filename>printk</filename> statements
+ as part of the output.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='making-images-more-secure'>
+ <title>Making Images More Secure</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Security is of increasing concern for embedded devices.
+ Consider the issues and problems discussed in just this
+ sampling of work found across the Internet:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ "<ulink url='https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2014/01/security_risks_9.html'>Security Risks of Embedded Systems</ulink>"</emphasis>
+ by Bruce Schneier
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ "<ulink url='http://internetcensus2012.bitbucket.org/paper.html'>Internet Census 2012</ulink>"</emphasis>
+ by Carna Botnet</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ "<ulink url='http://elinux.org/images/6/6f/Security-issues.pdf'>Security Issues for Embedded Devices</ulink>"</emphasis>
+ by Jake Edge
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ "<ulink url='https://www.nccgroup.com/media/18475/exploiting_security_gateways_via_their_web_interfaces.pdf'>They ought to know better: Exploiting Security Gateways via their Web Interfaces</ulink>"</emphasis>
+ by Ben Williams
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When securing your image is of concern, there are steps, tools,
+ and variables that you can consider to help you reach the
+ security goals you need for your particular device.
+ Not all situations are identical when it comes to making an
+ image secure.
+ Consequently, this section provides some guidance and suggestions
+ for consideration when you want to make your image more secure.
+ <note>
+ Because the security requirements and risks are
+ different for every type of device, this section cannot
+ provide a complete reference on securing your custom OS.
+ It is strongly recommended that you also consult other sources
+ of information on embedded Linux system hardening and on
+ security.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='general-considerations'>
+ <title>General Considerations</title>
+
+ <para>
+ General considerations exist that help you create more
+ secure images.
+ You should consider the following suggestions to help
+ make your device more secure:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Scan additional code you are adding to the system
+ (e.g. application code) by using static analysis
+ tools.
+ Look for buffer overflows and other potential
+ security problems.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Pay particular attention to the security for
+ any web-based administration interface.
+ </para>
+ <para>Web interfaces typically need to perform
+ administrative functions and tend to need to run with
+ elevated privileges.
+ Thus, the consequences resulting from the interface's
+ security becoming compromised can be serious.
+ Look for common web vulnerabilities such as
+ cross-site-scripting (XSS), unvalidated inputs,
+ and so forth.</para>
+ <para>As with system passwords, the default credentials
+ for accessing a web-based interface should not be the
+ same across all devices.
+ This is particularly true if the interface is enabled
+ by default as it can be assumed that many end-users
+ will not change the credentials.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Ensure you can update the software on the device to
+ mitigate vulnerabilities discovered in the future.
+ This consideration especially applies when your
+ device is network-enabled.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Ensure you remove or disable debugging functionality
+ before producing the final image.
+ For information on how to do this, see the
+ "<link linkend='considerations-specific-to-the-openembedded-build-system'>Considerations Specific to the OpenEmbedded Build System</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Ensure you have no network services listening that
+ are not needed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Remove any software from the image that is not needed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Enable hardware support for secure boot functionality
+ when your device supports this functionality.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='security-flags'>
+ <title>Security Flags</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project has security flags that you can enable that
+ help make your build output more secure.
+ The security flags are in the
+ <filename>meta/conf/distro/include/security_flags.inc</filename>
+ file in your
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ (e.g. <filename>poky</filename>).
+ <note>
+ Depending on the recipe, certain security flags are enabled
+ and disabled by default.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+<!--
+ The GCC/LD flags in <filename>security_flags.inc</filename>
+ enable more secure code generation.
+ By including the <filename>security_flags.inc</filename>
+ file, you enable flags to the compiler and linker that cause
+ them to generate more secure code.
+ <note>
+ The GCC/LD flags are enabled by default in the
+ <filename>poky-lsb</filename> distribution.
+ </note>
+-->
+ Use the following line in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file or in your custom
+ distribution configuration file to enable the security
+ compiler and linker flags for your build:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ require conf/distro/include/security_flags.inc
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='considerations-specific-to-the-openembedded-build-system'>
+ <title>Considerations Specific to the OpenEmbedded Build System</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can take some steps that are specific to the
+ OpenEmbedded build system to make your images more secure:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Ensure "debug-tweaks" is not one of your selected
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>.
+ When creating a new project, the default is to provide you
+ with an initial <filename>local.conf</filename> file that
+ enables this feature using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink> variable with the line:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES = "debug-tweaks"
+ </literallayout>
+ To disable that feature, simply comment out that line in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file, or
+ make sure <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> does not contain
+ "debug-tweaks" before producing your final image.
+ Among other things, leaving this in place sets the
+ root password as blank, which makes logging in for
+ debugging or inspection easy during
+ development but also means anyone can easily log in
+ during production.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ It is possible to set a root password for the image
+ and also to set passwords for any extra users you might
+ add (e.g. administrative or service type users).
+ When you set up passwords for multiple images or
+ users, you should not duplicate passwords.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ To set up passwords, use the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-extrausers'><filename>extrausers</filename></ulink>
+ class, which is the preferred method.
+ For an example on how to set up both root and user
+ passwords, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-extrausers'><filename>extrausers.bbclass</filename></ulink>"
+ section.
+ <note>
+ When adding extra user accounts or setting a
+ root password, be cautious about setting the
+ same password on every device.
+ If you do this, and the password you have set
+ is exposed, then every device is now potentially
+ compromised.
+ If you need this access but want to ensure
+ security, consider setting a different,
+ random password for each device.
+ Typically, you do this as a separate step after
+ you deploy the image onto the device.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Consider enabling a Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
+ framework such as SMACK or SELinux and tuning it
+ appropriately for your device's usage.
+ You can find more information in the
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/meta-selinux/'><filename>meta-selinux</filename></ulink>
+ layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='tools-for-hardening-your-image'>
+ <title>Tools for Hardening Your Image</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project provides tools for making your image
+ more secure.
+ You can find these tools in the
+ <filename>meta-security</filename> layer of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi'>Yocto Project Source Repositories</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-your-own-distribution'>
+ <title>Creating Your Own Distribution</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When you build an image using the Yocto Project and
+ do not alter any distribution
+ <link linkend='metadata'>Metadata</link>, you are creating a
+ Poky distribution.
+ If you wish to gain more control over package alternative
+ selections, compile-time options, and other low-level
+ configurations, you can create your own distribution.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To create your own distribution, the basic steps consist of
+ creating your own distribution layer, creating your own
+ distribution configuration file, and then adding any needed
+ code and Metadata to the layer.
+ The following steps provide some more detail:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create a layer for your new distro:</emphasis>
+ Create your distribution layer so that you can keep your
+ Metadata and code for the distribution separate.
+ It is strongly recommended that you create and use your own
+ layer for configuration and code.
+ Using your own layer as compared to just placing
+ configurations in a <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ configuration file makes it easier to reproduce the same
+ build configuration when using multiple build machines.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='creating-a-general-layer-using-the-yocto-layer-script'>Creating a General Layer Using the yocto-layer Script</link>"
+ section for information on how to quickly set up a layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create the distribution configuration file:</emphasis>
+ The distribution configuration file needs to be created in
+ the <filename>conf/distro</filename> directory of your
+ layer.
+ You need to name it using your distribution name
+ (e.g. <filename>mydistro.conf</filename>).
+ <note>
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO'><filename>DISTRO</filename></ulink>
+ variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file determines the
+ name of your distribution.
+ </note></para>
+ <para>You can split out parts of your configuration file
+ into include files and then "require" them from within
+ your distribution configuration file.
+ Be sure to place the include files in the
+ <filename>conf/distro/include</filename> directory of
+ your layer.
+ A common example usage of include files would be to
+ separate out the selection of desired version and revisions
+ for individual recipes.
+</para>
+ <para>Your configuration file needs to set the following
+ required variables:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO_NAME'><filename>DISTRO_NAME</filename></ulink>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO_VERSION'><filename>DISTRO_VERSION</filename></ulink>
+ </literallayout>
+ These following variables are optional and you typically
+ set them from the distribution configuration file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'><filename>DISTRO_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'><filename>DISTRO_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS</filename></ulink>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TCLIBC'><filename>TCLIBC</filename></ulink>
+ </literallayout>
+ <tip>
+ If you want to base your distribution configuration file
+ on the very basic configuration from OE-Core, you
+ can use
+ <filename>conf/distro/defaultsetup.conf</filename> as
+ a reference and just include variables that differ
+ as compared to <filename>defaultsetup.conf</filename>.
+ Alternatively, you can create a distribution
+ configuration file from scratch using the
+ <filename>defaultsetup.conf</filename> file
+ or configuration files from other distributions
+ such as Poky or Angstrom as references.
+ </tip></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Provide miscellaneous variables:</emphasis>
+ Be sure to define any other variables for which you want to
+ create a default or enforce as part of the distribution
+ configuration.
+ You can include nearly any variable from the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ The variables you use are not limited to the list in the
+ previous bulleted item.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Point to Your distribution configuration file:</emphasis>
+ In your <filename>local.conf</filename> file in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>,
+ set your
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO'><filename>DISTRO</filename></ulink>
+ variable to point to your distribution's configuration file.
+ For example, if your distribution's configuration file is
+ named <filename>mydistro.conf</filename>, then you point
+ to it as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DISTRO = "mydistro"
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Add more to the layer if necessary:</emphasis>
+ Use your layer to hold other information needed for the
+ distribution:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Add recipes for installing
+ distro-specific configuration files that are not
+ already installed by another recipe.
+ If you have distro-specific configuration files
+ that are included by an existing recipe, you should
+ add an append file (<filename>.bbappend</filename>)
+ for those.
+ For general information and recommendations
+ on how to add recipes to your layer, see the
+ "<link linkend='creating-your-own-layer'>Creating Your Own Layer</link>"
+ and
+ "<link linkend='best-practices-to-follow-when-creating-layers'>Best Practices to Follow When Creating Layers</link>"
+ sections.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Add any image recipes that are specific
+ to your distribution.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Add a <filename>psplash</filename>
+ append file for a branded splash screen.
+ For information on append files, see the
+ "<link linkend='using-bbappend-files'>Using .bbappend Files</link>"
+ section.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Add any other append files to make
+ custom changes that are specific to individual
+ recipes.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-a-custom-template-configuration-directory'>
+ <title>Creating a Custom Template Configuration Directory</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are producing your own customized version
+ of the build system for use by other users, you might
+ want to customize the message shown by the setup script or
+ you might want to change the template configuration files (i.e.
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> and
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename>) that are created in
+ a new build directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses the environment variable
+ <filename>TEMPLATECONF</filename> to locate the directory
+ from which it gathers configuration information that ultimately
+ ends up in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory's</link>
+ <filename>conf</filename> directory.
+ By default, <filename>TEMPLATECONF</filename> is set as
+ follows in the <filename>poky</filename> repository:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEMPLATECONF=${TEMPLATECONF:-meta-yocto/conf}
+ </literallayout>
+ This is the directory used by the build system to find templates
+ from which to build some key configuration files.
+ If you look at this directory, you will see the
+ <filename>bblayers.conf.sample</filename>,
+ <filename>local.conf.sample</filename>, and
+ <filename>conf-notes.txt</filename> files.
+ The build system uses these files to form the respective
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file,
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file, and display the list of
+ BitBake targets when running the setup script.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To override these default configuration files with
+ configurations you want used within every new
+ Build Directory, simply set the
+ <filename>TEMPLATECONF</filename> variable to your directory.
+ The <filename>TEMPLATECONF</filename> variable is set in the
+ <filename>.templateconf</filename> file, which is in the
+ top-level
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ folder (e.g. <filename>poky</filename>).
+ Edit the <filename>.templateconf</filename> so that it can locate
+ your directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Best practices dictate that you should keep your
+ template configuration directory in your custom distribution layer.
+ For example, suppose you have a layer named
+ <filename>meta-mylayer</filename> located in your home directory
+ and you want your template configuration directory named
+ <filename>myconf</filename>.
+ Changing the <filename>.templateconf</filename> as follows
+ causes the OpenEmbedded build system to look in your directory
+ and base its configuration files on the
+ <filename>*.sample</filename> configuration files it finds.
+ The final configuration files (i.e.
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> and
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> ultimately still end up in
+ your Build Directory, but they are based on your
+ <filename>*.sample</filename> files.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEMPLATECONF=${TEMPLATECONF:-meta-mylayer/myconf}
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Aside from the <filename>*.sample</filename> configuration files,
+ the <filename>conf-notes.txt</filename> also resides in the
+ default <filename>meta-yocto/conf</filename> directory.
+ The scripts that set up the build environment
+ (i.e.
+ <ulink url="&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script"><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ and
+ <ulink url="&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script"><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>)
+ use this file to display BitBake targets as part of the script
+ output.
+ Customizing this <filename>conf-notes.txt</filename> file is a
+ good way to make sure your list of custom targets appears
+ as part of the script's output.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is the default list of targets displayed as a result of
+ running either of the setup scripts:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ You can now run 'bitbake <target>'
+
+ Common targets are:
+ core-image-minimal
+ core-image-sato
+ meta-toolchain
+ adt-installer
+ meta-ide-support
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Changing the listed common targets is as easy as editing your
+ version of <filename>conf-notes.txt</filename> in your
+ custom template configuration directory and making sure you
+ have <filename>TEMPLATECONF</filename> set to your directory.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='building-a-tiny-system'>
+ <title>Building a Tiny System</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Very small distributions have some significant advantages such
+ as requiring less on-die or in-package memory (cheaper), better
+ performance through efficient cache usage, lower power requirements
+ due to less memory, faster boot times, and reduced development
+ overhead.
+ Some real-world examples where a very small distribution gives
+ you distinct advantages are digital cameras, medical devices,
+ and small headless systems.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This section presents information that shows you how you can
+ trim your distribution to even smaller sizes than the
+ <filename>poky-tiny</filename> distribution, which is around
+ 5 Mbytes, that can be built out-of-the-box using the Yocto Project.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='tiny-system-overview'>
+ <title>Overview</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list presents the overall steps you need to
+ consider and perform to create distributions with smaller
+ root filesystems, achieve faster boot times, maintain your critical
+ functionality, and avoid initial RAM disks:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='goals-and-guiding-principles'>Determine your goals and guiding principles.</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='understand-what-gives-your-image-size'>Understand what contributes to your image size.</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='trim-the-root-filesystem'>Reduce the size of the root filesystem.</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='trim-the-kernel'>Reduce the size of the kernel.</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='remove-package-management-requirements'>Eliminate packaging requirements.</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='look-for-other-ways-to-minimize-size'>Look for other ways to minimize size.</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='iterate-on-the-process'>Iterate on the process.</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='goals-and-guiding-principles'>
+ <title>Goals and Guiding Principles</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Before you can reach your destination, you need to know
+ where you are going.
+ Here is an example list that you can use as a guide when
+ creating very small distributions:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Determine how much space you need
+ (e.g. a kernel that is 1 Mbyte or less and
+ a root filesystem that is 3 Mbytes or less).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Find the areas that are currently
+ taking 90% of the space and concentrate on reducing
+ those areas.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Do not create any difficult "hacks"
+ to achieve your goals.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Leverage the device-specific
+ options.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Work in a separate layer so that you
+ keep changes isolated.
+ For information on how to create layers, see
+ the "<link linkend='understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding and Creating Layers</link>" section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='understand-what-gives-your-image-size'>
+ <title>Understand What Contributes to Your Image Size</title>
+
+ <para>
+ It is easiest to have something to start with when creating
+ your own distribution.
+ You can use the Yocto Project out-of-the-box to create the
+ <filename>poky-tiny</filename> distribution.
+ Ultimately, you will want to make changes in your own
+ distribution that are likely modeled after
+ <filename>poky-tiny</filename>.
+ <note>
+ To use <filename>poky-tiny</filename> in your build,
+ set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO'><filename>DISTRO</filename></ulink>
+ variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file to "poky-tiny"
+ as described in the
+ "<link linkend='creating-your-own-distribution'>Creating Your Own Distribution</link>"
+ section.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Understanding some memory concepts will help you reduce the
+ system size.
+ Memory consists of static, dynamic, and temporary memory.
+ Static memory is the TEXT (code), DATA (initialized data
+ in the code), and BSS (uninitialized data) sections.
+ Dynamic memory represents memory that is allocated at runtime:
+ stacks, hash tables, and so forth.
+ Temporary memory is recovered after the boot process.
+ This memory consists of memory used for decompressing
+ the kernel and for the <filename>__init__</filename>
+ functions.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To help you see where you currently are with kernel and root
+ filesystem sizes, you can use two tools found in the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> in
+ the <filename>scripts/tiny/</filename> directory:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>ksize.py</filename>: Reports
+ component sizes for the kernel build objects.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>dirsize.py</filename>: Reports
+ component sizes for the root filesystem.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ This next tool and command help you organize configuration
+ fragments and view file dependencies in a human-readable form:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>merge_config.sh</filename>:
+ Helps you manage configuration files and fragments
+ within the kernel.
+ With this tool, you can merge individual configuration
+ fragments together.
+ The tool allows you to make overrides and warns you
+ of any missing configuration options.
+ The tool is ideal for allowing you to iterate on
+ configurations, create minimal configurations, and
+ create configuration files for different machines
+ without having to duplicate your process.</para>
+ <para>The <filename>merge_config.sh</filename> script is
+ part of the Linux Yocto kernel Git repositories
+ (i.e. <filename>linux-yocto-3.14</filename>,
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.10</filename>,
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.8</filename>, and so forth)
+ in the
+ <filename>scripts/kconfig</filename> directory.</para>
+ <para>For more information on configuration fragments,
+ see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#generating-configuration-files'>Generating Configuration Files</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development
+ Manual and the "<link linkend='creating-config-fragments'>Creating Configuration Fragments</link>"
+ section, which is in this manual.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bitbake -u depexp -g <replaceable>bitbake_target</replaceable></filename>:
+ Using the BitBake command with these options brings up
+ a Dependency Explorer from which you can view file
+ dependencies.
+ Understanding these dependencies allows you to make
+ informed decisions when cutting out various pieces of the
+ kernel and root filesystem.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='trim-the-root-filesystem'>
+ <title>Trim the Root Filesystem</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The root filesystem is made up of packages for booting,
+ libraries, and applications.
+ To change things, you can configure how the packaging happens,
+ which changes the way you build them.
+ You can also modify the filesystem itself or select a different
+ filesystem.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ First, find out what is hogging your root filesystem by running the
+ <filename>dirsize.py</filename> script from your root directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd <replaceable>root-directory-of-image</replaceable>
+ $ dirsize.py 100000 > dirsize-100k.log
+ $ cat dirsize-100k.log
+ </literallayout>
+ You can apply a filter to the script to ignore files under
+ a certain size.
+ The previous example filters out any files below 100 Kbytes.
+ The sizes reported by the tool are uncompressed, and thus
+ will be smaller by a relatively constant factor in a
+ compressed root filesystem.
+ When you examine your log file, you can focus on areas of the
+ root filesystem that take up large amounts of memory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You need to be sure that what you eliminate does not cripple
+ the functionality you need.
+ One way to see how packages relate to each other is by using
+ the Dependency Explorer UI with the BitBake command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd <replaceable>image-directory</replaceable>
+ $ bitbake -u depexp -g <replaceable>image</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ Use the interface to select potential packages you wish to
+ eliminate and see their dependency relationships.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When deciding how to reduce the size, get rid of packages that
+ result in minimal impact on the feature set.
+ For example, you might not need a VGA display.
+ Or, you might be able to get by with <filename>devtmpfs</filename>
+ and <filename>mdev</filename> instead of
+ <filename>udev</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use your <filename>local.conf</filename> file to make changes.
+ For example, to eliminate <filename>udev</filename> and
+ <filename>glib</filename>, set the following in the
+ local configuration file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, you should consider exactly the type of root
+ filesystem you need to meet your needs while also reducing
+ its size.
+ For example, consider <filename>cramfs</filename>,
+ <filename>squashfs</filename>, <filename>ubifs</filename>,
+ <filename>ext2</filename>, or an <filename>initramfs</filename>
+ using <filename>initramfs</filename>.
+ Be aware that <filename>ext3</filename> requires a 1 Mbyte
+ journal.
+ If you are okay with running read-only, you do not need this
+ journal.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ After each round of elimination, you need to rebuild your
+ system and then use the tools to see the effects of your
+ reductions.
+ </note>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='trim-the-kernel'>
+ <title>Trim the Kernel</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The kernel is built by including policies for hardware-independent
+ aspects.
+ What subsystems do you enable?
+ For what architecture are you building?
+ Which drivers do you build by default?
+ <note>You can modify the kernel source if you want to help
+ with boot time.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Run the <filename>ksize.py</filename> script from the top-level
+ Linux build directory to get an idea of what is making up
+ the kernel:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd <replaceable>top-level-linux-build-directory</replaceable>
+ $ ksize.py > ksize.log
+ $ cat ksize.log
+ </literallayout>
+ When you examine the log, you will see how much space is
+ taken up with the built-in <filename>.o</filename> files for
+ drivers, networking, core kernel files, filesystem, sound,
+ and so forth.
+ The sizes reported by the tool are uncompressed, and thus
+ will be smaller by a relatively constant factor in a compressed
+ kernel image.
+ Look to reduce the areas that are large and taking up around
+ the "90% rule."
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To examine, or drill down, into any particular area, use the
+ <filename>-d</filename> option with the script:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ksize.py -d > ksize.log
+ </literallayout>
+ Using this option breaks out the individual file information
+ for each area of the kernel (e.g. drivers, networking, and
+ so forth).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use your log file to see what you can eliminate from the kernel
+ based on features you can let go.
+ For example, if you are not going to need sound, you do not
+ need any drivers that support sound.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ After figuring out what to eliminate, you need to reconfigure
+ the kernel to reflect those changes during the next build.
+ You could run <filename>menuconfig</filename> and make all your
+ changes at once.
+ However, that makes it difficult to see the effects of your
+ individual eliminations and also makes it difficult to replicate
+ the changes for perhaps another target device.
+ A better method is to start with no configurations using
+ <filename>allnoconfig</filename>, create configuration
+ fragments for individual changes, and then manage the
+ fragments into a single configuration file using
+ <filename>merge_config.sh</filename>.
+ The tool makes it easy for you to iterate using the
+ configuration change and build cycle.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Each time you make configuration changes, you need to rebuild
+ the kernel and check to see what impact your changes had on
+ the overall size.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='remove-package-management-requirements'>
+ <title>Remove Package Management Requirements</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Packaging requirements add size to the image.
+ One way to reduce the size of the image is to remove all the
+ packaging requirements from the image.
+ This reduction includes both removing the package manager
+ and its unique dependencies as well as removing the package
+ management data itself.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To eliminate all the packaging requirements for an image,
+ be sure that "package-management" is not part of your
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ statement for the image.
+ When you remove this feature, you are removing the package
+ manager as well as its dependencies from the root filesystem.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='look-for-other-ways-to-minimize-size'>
+ <title>Look for Other Ways to Minimize Size</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Depending on your particular circumstances, other areas that you
+ can trim likely exist.
+ The key to finding these areas is through tools and methods
+ described here combined with experimentation and iteration.
+ Here are a couple of areas to experiment with:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>glibc</filename>:
+ In general, follow this process:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Remove <filename>glibc</filename>
+ features from
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ that you think you do not need.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Build your distribution.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>If the build fails due to missing
+ symbols in a package, determine if you can
+ reconfigure the package to not need those
+ features.
+ For example, change the configuration to not
+ support wide character support as is done for
+ <filename>ncurses</filename>.
+ Or, if support for those characters is needed,
+ determine what <filename>glibc</filename>
+ features provide the support and restore the
+ configuration.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Rebuild and repeat the process.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>busybox</filename>:
+ For BusyBox, use a process similar as described for
+ <filename>glibc</filename>.
+ A difference is you will need to boot the resulting
+ system to see if you are able to do everything you
+ expect from the running system.
+ You need to be sure to integrate configuration fragments
+ into Busybox because BusyBox handles its own core
+ features and then allows you to add configuration
+ fragments on top.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='iterate-on-the-process'>
+ <title>Iterate on the Process</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you have not reached your goals on system size, you need
+ to iterate on the process.
+ The process is the same.
+ Use the tools and see just what is taking up 90% of the root
+ filesystem and the kernel.
+ Decide what you can eliminate without limiting your device
+ beyond what you need.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Depending on your system, a good place to look might be
+ Busybox, which provides a stripped down
+ version of Unix tools in a single, executable file.
+ You might be able to drop virtual terminal services or perhaps
+ ipv6.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='building-images-for-more-than-one-machine'>
+ <title>Building Images for More than One Machine</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A common scenario developers face is creating images for several
+ different machines that use the same software environment.
+ In this situation, it is tempting to set the
+ tunings and optimization flags for each build specifically for
+ the targeted hardware (i.e. "maxing out" the tunings).
+ Doing so can considerably add to build times and package feed
+ maintenance collectively for the machines.
+ For example, selecting tunes that are extremely specific to a
+ CPU core used in a system might enable some micro optimizations
+ in GCC for that particular system but would otherwise not gain
+ you much of a performance difference across the other systems
+ as compared to using a more general tuning across all the builds
+ (e.g. setting
+ <ulink url='var-DEFAULTTUNE'><filename>DEFAULTTUNE</filename></ulink>
+ specifically for each machine's build).
+ Rather than "max out" each build's tunings, you can take steps that
+ cause the OpenEmbedded build system to reuse software across the
+ various machines where it makes sense.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ If build speed and package feed maintenance are considerations,
+ you should consider the points in this section that can help you
+ optimize your tunings to best consider build times and package
+ feed maintenance.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Share the Build Directory:</emphasis>
+ If at all possible, share the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></ulink>
+ across builds.
+ The Yocto Project supports switching between different
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ values in the same <filename>TMPDIR</filename>.
+ This practice is well supported and regularly used by
+ developers when building for multiple machines.
+ When you use the same <filename>TMPDIR</filename> for
+ multiple machine builds, the OpenEmbedded build system can
+ reuse the existing native and often cross-recipes for
+ multiple machines.
+ Thus, build time decreases.
+ <note>
+ If
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO'><filename>DISTRO</filename></ulink>
+ settings change or fundamental configuration settings
+ such as the filesystem layout, you need to work with
+ a clean <filename>TMPDIR</filename>.
+ Sharing <filename>TMPDIR</filename> under these
+ circumstances might work but since it is not
+ guaranteed, you should use a clean
+ <filename>TMPDIR</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Enable the Appropriate Package Architecture:</emphasis>
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system enables three
+ levels of package architectures: "all", "tune" or "package",
+ and "machine".
+ Any given recipe usually selects one of these package
+ architectures (types) for its output.
+ Depending for what a given recipe creates packages, making
+ sure you enable the appropriate package architecture can
+ directly impact the build time.</para>
+ <para>A recipe that just generates scripts can enable
+ "all" architecture because there are no binaries to build.
+ To specifically enable "all" architecture, be sure your
+ recipe inherits the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-allarch'><filename>allarch</filename></ulink>
+ class.
+ This class is useful for "all" architectures because it
+ configures many variables so packages can be used across
+ multiple architectures.</para>
+ <para>If your recipe needs to generate packages that are
+ machine-specific or when one of the build or runtime
+ dependencies is already machine-architecture dependent,
+ which makes your recipe also machine-architecture dependent,
+ make sure your recipe enables the "machine" package
+ architecture through the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE_ARCH'><filename>MACHINE_ARCH</filename></ulink>
+ variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_ARCH = "${MACHINE_ARCH}"
+ </literallayout>
+ When you do not specifically enable a package
+ architecture through the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_ARCH'><filename>PACKAGE_ARCH</filename></ulink>,
+ The OpenEmbedded build system defaults to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TUNE_PKGARCH'><filename>TUNE_PKGARCH</filename></ulink>
+ setting:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_ARCH = "${TUNE_PKGARCH}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Choose a Generic Tuning File if Possible:</emphasis>
+ Some tunes are more generic and can run on multiple targets
+ (e.g. an <filename>armv5</filename> set of packages could
+ run on <filename>armv6</filename> and
+ <filename>armv7</filename> processors in most cases).
+ Similarly, <filename>i486</filename> binaries could work
+ on <filename>i586</filename> and higher processors.
+ You should realize, however, that advances on newer
+ processor versions would not be used.</para>
+ <para>If you select the same tune for several different
+ machines, the OpenEmbedded build system reuses software
+ previously built, thus speeding up the overall build time.
+ Realize that even though a new sysroot for each machine is
+ generated, the software is not recompiled and only one
+ package feed exists.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Manage Granular Level Packaging:</emphasis>
+ Sometimes cases exist where injecting another level
+ of package architecture beyond the three higher levels
+ noted earlier can be useful.
+ For example, consider the <filename>emgd</filename>
+ graphics stack in the
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename> layer.
+ In this layer, a subset of software exists that is
+ compiled against something different from the rest of the
+ generic packages.
+ You can examine the key code in the
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi'>Source Repositories</ulink>
+ "daisy" branch in
+ <filename>classes/emgd-gl.bbclass</filename>.
+ For a specific set of packages, the code redefines
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_ARCH'><filename>PACKAGE_ARCH</filename></ulink>.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_EXTRA_ARCHS'><filename>PACKAGE_EXTRA_ARCHS</filename></ulink>
+ is then appended with this extra tune name in
+ <filename>meta-intel-emgd.inc</filename>.
+ The result is that when searching for packages, the
+ build system uses a four-level search and the packages
+ in this new level are preferred as compared to the standard
+ tune.
+ The overall result is that the build system reuses most
+ software from the common tune except for specific cases
+ as needed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Use Tools to Debug Issues:</emphasis>
+ Sometimes you can run into situations where software is
+ being rebuilt when you think it should not be.
+ For example, the OpenEmbedded build system might not be
+ using shared state between machines when you think it
+ should be.
+ These types of situations are usually due to references
+ to machine-specific variables such as
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SERIAL_CONSOLE'><filename>SERIAL_CONSOLE</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-XSERVER'><filename>XSERVER</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE_FEATURES'><filename>MACHINE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>,
+ and so forth in code that is supposed to only be
+ tune-specific or when the recipe depends
+ (<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RSUGGESTS'><filename>RSUGGESTS</filename></ulink>,
+ and so forth) on some other recipe that already has
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_ARCH'><filename>PACKAGE_ARCH</filename></ulink>
+ defined as "${MACHINE_ARCH}".
+ <note>
+ Patches to fix any issues identified are most welcome
+ as these issues occasionally do occur.
+ </note></para>
+ <para>For such cases, you can use some tools to help you
+ sort out the situation:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>sstate-diff-machines.sh</filename>:</emphasis>
+ You can find this tool in the
+ <filename>scripts</filename> directory of the
+ Source Repositories.
+ See the comments in the script for information on
+ how to use the tool.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>BitBake's "-S printdiff" Option:</emphasis>
+ Using this option causes BitBake to try to
+ establish the closest signature match it can
+ (e.g. in the shared state cache) and then run
+ <filename>bitbake-diffsigs</filename> over the
+ matches to determine the stamps and delta where
+ these two stamp trees diverge.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='working-with-packages'>
+ <title>Working with Packages</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes a few tasks that involve packages:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='excluding-packages-from-an-image'>Excluding packages from an image</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='incrementing-a-package-revision-number'>Incrementing a package revision number</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='handling-optional-module-packaging'>Handling optional module packaging</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='using-runtime-package-management'>Using Runtime Package Management</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='testing-packages-with-ptest'>Setting up and running package test (ptest)</link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='excluding-packages-from-an-image'>
+ <title>Excluding Packages from an Image</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You might find it necessary to prevent specific packages
+ from being installed into an image.
+ If so, you can use several variables to direct the build
+ system to essentially ignore installing recommended packages
+ or to not install a package at all.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list introduces variables you can use to
+ prevent packages from being installed into your image.
+ Each of these variables only works with IPK and RPM
+ package types.
+ Support for Debian packages does not exist.
+ Also, you can use these variables from your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file or attach them to a
+ specific image recipe by using a recipe name override.
+ For more detail on the variables, see the descriptions in the
+ Yocto Project Reference Manual's glossary chapter.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS'><filename>BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename></ulink>:
+ Use this variable to specify "recommended-only"
+ packages that you do not want installed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-NO_RECOMMENDATIONS'><filename>NO_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename></ulink>:
+ Use this variable to prevent all "recommended-only"
+ packages from being installed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_EXCLUDE'><filename>PACKAGE_EXCLUDE</filename></ulink>:
+ Use this variable to prevent specific packages from
+ being installed regardless of whether they are
+ "recommended-only" or not.
+ You need to realize that the build process could
+ fail with an error when you
+ prevent the installation of a package whose presence
+ is required by an installed package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='incrementing-a-package-revision-number'>
+ <title>Incrementing a Package Revision Number</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If a committed change results in changing the package output,
+ then the value of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></ulink>
+ variable needs to be increased (or "bumped").
+ Increasing <filename>PR</filename> occurs one of two ways:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Automatically using a Package Revision
+ Service (PR Service).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Manually incrementing the
+ <filename>PR</filename> variable.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Given that one of the challenges any build system and its
+ users face is how to maintain a package feed that is compatible
+ with existing package manager applications such as
+ RPM, APT, and OPKG, using an automated system is much
+ preferred over a manual system.
+ In either system, the main requirement is that version
+ numbering increases in a linear fashion and that a number of
+ version components exist that support that linear progression.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following two sections provide information on the PR Service
+ and on manual <filename>PR</filename> bumping.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='working-with-a-pr-service'>
+ <title>Working With a PR Service</title>
+
+ <para>
+ As mentioned, attempting to maintain revision numbers in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ is error prone, inaccurate, and causes problems for people
+ submitting recipes.
+ Conversely, the PR Service automatically generates
+ increasing numbers, particularly the revision field,
+ which removes the human element.
+ <note>
+ For additional information on using a PR Service, you
+ can see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/PR_Service'>PR Service</ulink>
+ wiki page.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project uses variables in order of
+ decreasing priority to facilitate revision numbering (i.e.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PE'><filename>PE</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink>, and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></ulink>
+ for epoch, version, and revision, respectively).
+ The values are highly dependent on the policies and
+ procedures of a given distribution and package feed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because the OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#checksums'>signatures</ulink>",
+ which are unique to a given build, the build system
+ knows when to rebuild packages.
+ All the inputs into a given task are represented by a
+ signature, which can trigger a rebuild when different.
+ Thus, the build system itself does not rely on the
+ <filename>PR</filename> numbers to trigger a rebuild.
+ The signatures, however, can be used to generate
+ <filename>PR</filename> values.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The PR Service works with both
+ <filename>OEBasic</filename> and
+ <filename>OEBasicHash</filename> generators.
+ The value of <filename>PR</filename> bumps when the
+ checksum changes and the different generator mechanisms
+ change signatures under different circumstances.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As implemented, the build system includes values from
+ the PR Service into the <filename>PR</filename> field as
+ an addition using the form "<filename>.x</filename>" so
+ <filename>r0</filename> becomes <filename>r0.1</filename>,
+ <filename>r0.2</filename> and so forth.
+ This scheme allows existing <filename>PR</filename> values
+ to be used for whatever reasons, which include manual
+ <filename>PR</filename> bumps, should it be necessary.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the PR Service is not enabled or running.
+ Thus, the packages generated are just "self consistent".
+ The build system adds and removes packages and
+ there are no guarantees about upgrade paths but images
+ will be consistent and correct with the latest changes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The simplest form for a PR Service is for it to exist
+ for a single host development system that builds the
+ package feed (building system).
+ For this scenario, you can enable a local PR Service by
+ setting
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PRSERV_HOST'><filename>PRSERV_HOST</filename></ulink>
+ in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PRSERV_HOST = "localhost:0"
+ </literallayout>
+ Once the service is started, packages will automatically
+ get increasing <filename>PR</filename> values and
+ BitBake will take care of starting and stopping the server.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you have a more complex setup where multiple host
+ development systems work against a common, shared package
+ feed, you have a single PR Service running and it is
+ connected to each building system.
+ For this scenario, you need to start the PR Service using
+ the <filename>bitbake-prserv</filename> command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ bitbake-prserv --host <replaceable>ip</replaceable> --port <replaceable>port</replaceable> --start
+ </literallayout>
+ In addition to hand-starting the service, you need to
+ update the <filename>local.conf</filename> file of each
+ building system as described earlier so each system
+ points to the server and port.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is also recommended you use build history, which adds
+ some sanity checks to package versions, in conjunction with
+ the server that is running the PR Service.
+ To enable build history, add the following to each building
+ system's <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # It is recommended to activate "buildhistory" for testing the PR service
+ INHERIT += "buildhistory"
+ BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ For information on build history, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#maintaining-build-output-quality'>Maintaining Build Output Quality</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>The OpenEmbedded build system does not maintain
+ <filename>PR</filename> information as part of the
+ shared state (sstate) packages.
+ If you maintain an sstate feed, its expected that either
+ all your building systems that contribute to the sstate
+ feed use a shared PR Service, or you do not run a PR
+ Service on any of your building systems.
+ Having some systems use a PR Service while others do
+ not leads to obvious problems.</para>
+ <para>For more information on shared state, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#shared-state-cache'>Shared State Cache</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.</para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='manually-bumping-pr'>
+ <title>Manually Bumping PR</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The alternative to setting up a PR Service is to manually
+ bump the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If a committed change results in changing the package output,
+ then the value of the PR variable needs to be increased
+ (or "bumped") as part of that commit.
+ For new recipes you should add the <filename>PR</filename>
+ variable and set its initial value equal to "r0", which is the default.
+ Even though the default value is "r0", the practice of adding it to a new recipe makes
+ it harder to forget to bump the variable when you make changes
+ to the recipe in future.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are sharing a common <filename>.inc</filename> file with multiple recipes,
+ you can also use the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-INC_PR'>INC_PR</ulink></filename>
+ variable to ensure that
+ the recipes sharing the <filename>.inc</filename> file are rebuilt when the
+ <filename>.inc</filename> file itself is changed.
+ The <filename>.inc</filename> file must set <filename>INC_PR</filename>
+ (initially to "r0"), and all recipes referring to it should set <filename>PR</filename>
+ to "$(INC_PR).0" initially, incrementing the last number when the recipe is changed.
+ If the <filename>.inc</filename> file is changed then its
+ <filename>INC_PR</filename> should be incremented.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When upgrading the version of a package, assuming the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'>PV</ulink></filename>
+ changes, the <filename>PR</filename> variable should be
+ reset to "r0" (or "$(INC_PR).0" if you are using
+ <filename>INC_PR</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Usually, version increases occur only to packages.
+ However, if for some reason <filename>PV</filename> changes but does not
+ increase, you can increase the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PE'>PE</ulink></filename>
+ variable (Package Epoch).
+ The <filename>PE</filename> variable defaults to "0".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Version numbering strives to follow the
+ <ulink url='http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-controlfields.html'>
+ Debian Version Field Policy Guidelines</ulink>.
+ These guidelines define how versions are compared and what "increasing" a version means.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='handling-optional-module-packaging'>
+ <title>Handling Optional Module Packaging</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Many pieces of software split functionality into optional
+ modules (or plug-ins) and the plug-ins that are built
+ might depend on configuration options.
+ To avoid having to duplicate the logic that determines what
+ modules are available in your recipe or to avoid having
+ to package each module by hand, the OpenEmbedded build system
+ provides functionality to handle module packaging dynamically.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To handle optional module packaging, you need to do two things:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Ensure the module packaging is actually
+ done.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Ensure that any dependencies on optional
+ modules from other recipes are satisfied by your recipe.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='making-sure-the-packaging-is-done'>
+ <title>Making Sure the Packaging is Done</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To ensure the module packaging actually gets done, you use
+ the <filename>do_split_packages</filename> function within
+ the <filename>populate_packages</filename> Python function
+ in your recipe.
+ The <filename>do_split_packages</filename> function
+ searches for a pattern of files or directories under a
+ specified path and creates a package for each one it finds
+ by appending to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></ulink>
+ variable and setting the appropriate values for
+ <filename>FILES_packagename</filename>,
+ <filename>RDEPENDS_packagename</filename>,
+ <filename>DESCRIPTION_packagename</filename>, and so forth.
+ Here is an example from the <filename>lighttpd</filename>
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ python populate_packages_prepend () {
+ lighttpd_libdir = d.expand('${libdir}')
+ do_split_packages(d, lighttpd_libdir, '^mod_(.*)\.so$',
+ 'lighttpd-module-%s', 'Lighttpd module for %s',
+ extra_depends='')
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ The previous example specifies a number of things in the
+ call to <filename>do_split_packages</filename>.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>A directory within the files installed
+ by your recipe through <filename>do_install</filename>
+ in which to search.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>A regular expression used to match module
+ files in that directory.
+ In the example, note the parentheses () that mark
+ the part of the expression from which the module
+ name should be derived.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>A pattern to use for the package names.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>A description for each package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>An empty string for
+ <filename>extra_depends</filename>, which disables
+ the default dependency on the main
+ <filename>lighttpd</filename> package.
+ Thus, if a file in <filename>${libdir}</filename>
+ called <filename>mod_alias.so</filename> is found,
+ a package called <filename>lighttpd-module-alias</filename>
+ is created for it and the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DESCRIPTION'><filename>DESCRIPTION</filename></ulink>
+ is set to "Lighttpd module for alias".</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Often, packaging modules is as simple as the previous
+ example.
+ However, more advanced options exist that you can use
+ within <filename>do_split_packages</filename> to modify its
+ behavior.
+ And, if you need to, you can add more logic by specifying
+ a hook function that is called for each package.
+ It is also perfectly acceptable to call
+ <filename>do_split_packages</filename> multiple times if
+ you have more than one set of modules to package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more examples that show how to use
+ <filename>do_split_packages</filename>, see the
+ <filename>connman.inc</filename> file in the
+ <filename>meta/recipes-connectivity/connman/</filename>
+ directory of the <filename>poky</filename>
+ <link linkend='yocto-project-repositories'>source repository</link>.
+ You can also find examples in
+ <filename>meta/classes/kernel.bbclass</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is a reference that shows
+ <filename>do_split_packages</filename> mandatory and
+ optional arguments:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Mandatory arguments
+
+ root
+ The path in which to search
+ file_regex
+ Regular expression to match searched files.
+ Use parentheses () to mark the part of this
+ expression that should be used to derive the
+ module name (to be substituted where %s is
+ used in other function arguments as noted below)
+ output_pattern
+ Pattern to use for the package names. Must
+ include %s.
+ description
+ Description to set for each package. Must
+ include %s.
+
+ Optional arguments
+
+ postinst
+ Postinstall script to use for all packages
+ (as a string)
+ recursive
+ True to perform a recursive search - default
+ False
+ hook
+ A hook function to be called for every match.
+ The function will be called with the following
+ arguments (in the order listed):
+
+ f
+ Full path to the file/directory match
+ pkg
+ The package name
+ file_regex
+ As above
+ output_pattern
+ As above
+ modulename
+ The module name derived using file_regex
+
+ extra_depends
+ Extra runtime dependencies (RDEPENDS) to be
+ set for all packages. The default value of None
+ causes a dependency on the main package
+ (${PN}) - if you do not want this, pass empty
+ string '' for this parameter.
+ aux_files_pattern
+ Extra item(s) to be added to FILES for each
+ package. Can be a single string item or a list
+ of strings for multiple items. Must include %s.
+ postrm
+ postrm script to use for all packages (as a
+ string)
+ allow_dirs
+ True to allow directories to be matched -
+ default False
+ prepend
+ If True, prepend created packages to PACKAGES
+ instead of the default False which appends them
+ match_path
+ match file_regex on the whole relative path to
+ the root rather than just the file name
+ aux_files_pattern_verbatim
+ Extra item(s) to be added to FILES for each
+ package, using the actual derived module name
+ rather than converting it to something legal
+ for a package name. Can be a single string item
+ or a list of strings for multiple items. Must
+ include %s.
+ allow_links
+ True to allow symlinks to be matched - default
+ False
+ summary
+ Summary to set for each package. Must include %s;
+ defaults to description if not set.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='satisfying-dependencies'>
+ <title>Satisfying Dependencies</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The second part for handling optional module packaging
+ is to ensure that any dependencies on optional modules
+ from other recipes are satisfied by your recipe.
+ You can be sure these dependencies are satisfied by
+ using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGES_DYNAMIC'><filename>PACKAGES_DYNAMIC</filename></ulink> variable.
+ Here is an example that continues with the
+ <filename>lighttpd</filename> recipe shown earlier:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGES_DYNAMIC = "lighttpd-module-.*"
+ </literallayout>
+ The name specified in the regular expression can of
+ course be anything.
+ In this example, it is <filename>lighttpd-module-</filename>
+ and is specified as the prefix to ensure that any
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ and <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></ulink>
+ on a package name starting with the prefix are satisfied
+ during build time.
+ If you are using <filename>do_split_packages</filename>
+ as described in the previous section, the value you put in
+ <filename>PACKAGES_DYNAMIC</filename> should correspond to
+ the name pattern specified in the call to
+ <filename>do_split_packages</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-runtime-package-management'>
+ <title>Using Runtime Package Management</title>
+
+ <para>
+ During a build, BitBake always transforms a recipe into one or
+ more packages.
+ For example, BitBake takes the <filename>bash</filename> recipe
+ and currently produces the <filename>bash-dbg</filename>,
+ <filename>bash-staticdev</filename>,
+ <filename>bash-dev</filename>, <filename>bash-doc</filename>,
+ <filename>bash-locale</filename>, and
+ <filename>bash</filename> packages.
+ Not all generated packages are included in an image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In several situations, you might need to update, add, remove,
+ or query the packages on a target device at runtime
+ (i.e. without having to generate a new image).
+ Examples of such situations include:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ You want to provide in-the-field updates to deployed
+ devices (e.g. security updates).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ You want to have a fast turn-around development cycle
+ for one or more applications that run on your device.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ You want to temporarily install the "debug" packages
+ of various applications on your device so that
+ debugging can be greatly improved by allowing
+ access to symbols and source debugging.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ You want to deploy a more minimal package selection of
+ your device but allow in-the-field updates to add a
+ larger selection for customization.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In all these situations, you have something similar to a more
+ traditional Linux distribution in that in-field devices
+ are able to receive pre-compiled packages from a server for
+ installation or update.
+ Being able to install these packages on a running,
+ in-field device is what is termed "runtime package
+ management".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to use runtime package management, you
+ need a host/server machine that serves up the pre-compiled
+ packages plus the required metadata.
+ You also need package manipulation tools on the target.
+ The build machine is a likely candidate to act as the server.
+ However, that machine does not necessarily have to be the
+ package server.
+ The build machine could push its artifacts to another machine
+ that acts as the server (e.g. Internet-facing).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A simple build that targets just one device produces
+ more than one package database.
+ In other words, the packages produced by a build are separated
+ out into a couple of different package groupings based on
+ criteria such as the target's CPU architecture, the target
+ board, or the C library used on the target.
+ For example, a build targeting the <filename>qemuarm</filename>
+ device produces the following three package databases:
+ <filename>all</filename>, <filename>armv5te</filename>, and
+ <filename>qemuarm</filename>.
+ If you wanted your <filename>qemuarm</filename> device to be
+ aware of all the packages that were available to it,
+ you would need to point it to each of these databases
+ individually.
+ In a similar way, a traditional Linux distribution usually is
+ configured to be aware of a number of software repositories
+ from which it retrieves packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Using runtime package management is completely optional and
+ not required for a successful build or deployment in any
+ way.
+ But if you want to make use of runtime package management,
+ you need to do a couple things above and beyond the basics.
+ The remainder of this section describes what you need to do.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='runtime-package-management-build'>
+ <title>Build Considerations</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes build considerations that you need
+ to be aware of in order to provide support for runtime
+ package management.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When BitBake generates packages it needs to know
+ what format or formats to use.
+ In your configuration, you use the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></ulink>
+ variable to specify the format.
+ <note>
+ You can choose to have more than one format but you must
+ provide at least one.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you would like your image to start off with a basic
+ package database of the packages in your current build
+ as well as have the relevant tools available on the
+ target for runtime package management, you can include
+ "package-management" in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ Including "package-management" in this
+ configuration variable ensures that when the image
+ is assembled for your target, the image includes
+ the currently-known package databases as well as
+ the target-specific tools required for runtime
+ package management to be performed on the target.
+ However, this is not strictly necessary.
+ You could start your image off without any databases
+ but only include the required on-target package
+ tool(s).
+ As an example, you could include "opkg" in your
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename></ulink>
+ variable if you are using the IPK package format.
+ You can then initialize your target's package database(s)
+ later once your image is up and running.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Whenever you perform any sort of build step that can
+ potentially generate a package or modify an existing
+ package, it is always a good idea to re-generate the
+ package index with:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake package-index
+ </literallayout>
+ Realize that it is not sufficient to simply do the
+ following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake <replaceable>some-package</replaceable> package-index
+ </literallayout>
+ This is because BitBake does not properly schedule the
+ <filename>package-index</filename> target fully after any
+ other target has completed.
+ Thus, be sure to run the package update step separately.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As described below in the
+ "<link linkend='runtime-package-management-target-ipk'>Using IPK</link>"
+ section, if you are using IPK as your package format, you
+ can make use of the
+ <filename>distro-feed-configs</filename> recipe provided
+ by <filename>meta-oe</filename> in order to configure your
+ target to use your IPK databases.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When your build is complete, your packages reside in the
+ <filename>${TMPDIR}/deploy/<replaceable>package-format</replaceable></filename>
+ directory.
+ For example, if <filename>${TMPDIR}</filename>
+ is <filename>tmp</filename> and your selected package type
+ is IPK, then your IPK packages are available in
+ <filename>tmp/deploy/ipk</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='runtime-package-management-server'>
+ <title>Host or Server Machine Setup</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Typically, packages are served from a server using
+ HTTP.
+ However, other protocols are possible.
+ If you want to use HTTP, then setup and configure a
+ web server, such as Apache 2 or lighttpd, on the machine
+ serving the packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As previously mentioned, the build machine can act as the
+ package server.
+ In the following sections that describe server machine
+ setups, the build machine is assumed to also be the server.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='package-server-apache'>
+ <title>Serving Packages via Apache 2</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This example assumes you are using the Apache 2
+ server:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Add the directory to your Apache
+ configuration, which you can find at
+ <filename>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</filename>.
+ Use commands similar to these on the
+ development system.
+ These example commands assume a top-level
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ named <filename>poky</filename> in your home
+ directory.
+ The example also assumes an RPM package type.
+ If you are using a different package type, such
+ as IPK, use "ipk" in the pathnames:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <VirtualHost *:80>
+ ....
+ Alias /rpm ~/poky/build/tmp/deploy/rpm
+ <Directory "~/poky/build/tmp/deploy/rpm">
+ Options +Indexes
+ </Directory>
+ </VirtualHost>
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Reload the Apache configuration as described
+ in this step.
+ For all commands, be sure you have root
+ privileges.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If your development system is using Fedora or
+ CentOS, use the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # service httpd reload
+ </literallayout>
+ For Ubuntu and Debian, use the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # /etc/init.d/apache2 reload
+ </literallayout>
+ For OpenSUSE, use the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # /etc/init.d/apache2 reload
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ If you are using Security-Enhanced Linux
+ (SELinux), you need to label the files as
+ being accessible through Apache.
+ Use the following command from the development
+ host.
+ This example assumes RPM package types:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # chcon -R -h -t httpd_sys_content_t tmp/deploy/rpm
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='package-server-lighttpd'>
+ <title>Serving Packages via lighttpd</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are using lighttpd, all you need
+ to do is to provide a link from your
+ <filename>${TMPDIR}/deploy/<replaceable>package-format</replaceable></filename>
+ directory to lighttpd's document-root.
+ You can determine the specifics of your lighttpd
+ installation by looking through its configuration file,
+ which is usually found at:
+ <filename>/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, if you are using IPK, lighttpd's
+ document-root is set to
+ <filename>/var/www/lighttpd</filename>, and you had
+ packages for a target named "BOARD",
+ then you might create a link from your build location
+ to lighttpd's document-root as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # ln -s $(PWD)/tmp/deploy/ipk /var/www/lighttpd/BOARD-dir
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ At this point, you need to start the lighttpd server.
+ The method used to start the server varies by
+ distribution.
+ However, one basic method that starts it by hand is:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # lighttpd -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='runtime-package-management-target'>
+ <title>Target Setup</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Setting up the target differs depending on the
+ package management system.
+ This section provides information for RPM and IPK.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='runtime-package-management-target-rpm'>
+ <title>Using RPM</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The application for performing runtime package
+ management of RPM packages on the target is called
+ <filename>smart</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ On the target machine, you need to inform
+ <filename>smart</filename> of every package database
+ you want to use.
+ As an example, suppose your target device can use the
+ following three package databases from a server named
+ <filename>server.name</filename>:
+ <filename>all</filename>, <filename>i586</filename>,
+ and <filename>qemux86</filename>.
+ Given this example, issue the following commands on the
+ target:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # smart channel --add all type=rpm-md baseurl=http://server.name/rpm/all
+ # smart channel --add i585 type=rpm-md baseurl=http://server.name/rpm/i586
+ # smart channel --add qemux86 type=rpm-md baseurl=http://server.name/rpm/qemux86
+ </literallayout>
+ Also from the target machine, fetch the repository
+ information using this command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # smart update
+ </literallayout>
+ You can now use the <filename>smart query</filename>
+ and <filename>smart install</filename> commands to
+ find and install packages from the repositories.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='runtime-package-management-target-ipk'>
+ <title>Using IPK</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The application for performing runtime package
+ management of IPK packages on the target is called
+ <filename>opkg</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to inform <filename>opkg</filename> of the
+ package databases you want to use, simply create one
+ or more <filename>*.conf</filename> files in the
+ <filename>/etc/opkg</filename> directory on the target.
+ The <filename>opkg</filename> application uses them
+ to find its available package databases.
+ As an example, suppose you configured your HTTP server
+ on your machine named
+ <filename>www.mysite.com</filename> to serve files
+ from a <filename>BOARD-dir</filename> directory under
+ its document-root.
+ In this case, you might create a configuration
+ file on the target called
+ <filename>/etc/opkg/base-feeds.conf</filename> that
+ contains:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ src/gz all http://www.mysite.com/BOARD-dir/all
+ src/gz armv7a http://www.mysite.com/BOARD-dir/armv7a
+ src/gz beaglebone http://www.mysite.com/BOARD-dir/beaglebone
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As a way of making it easier to generate and make
+ these IPK configuration files available on your
+ target, simply define
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FEED_DEPLOYDIR_BASE_URI'><filename>FEED_DEPLOYDIR_BASE_URI</filename></ulink>
+ to point to your server and the location within the
+ document-root which contains the databases.
+ For example: if you are serving your packages over
+ HTTP, your server's IP address is 192.168.7.1, and
+ your databases are located in a directory called
+ <filename>BOARD-dir</filename> underneath your HTTP
+ server's document-root, you need to set
+ <filename>FEED_DEPLOYDIR_BASE_URI</filename> to
+ <filename>http://192.168.7.1/BOARD-dir</filename> and
+ a set of configuration files will be generated for you
+ in your target to work with this feed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ On the target machine, fetch (or refresh) the
+ repository information using this command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # opkg update
+ </literallayout>
+ You can now use the <filename>opkg list</filename> and
+ <filename>opkg install</filename> commands to find and
+ install packages from the repositories.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='testing-packages-with-ptest'>
+ <title>Testing Packages With ptest</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A Package Test (ptest) runs tests against packages built
+ by the OpenEmbedded build system on the target machine.
+ A ptest contains at least two items: the actual test, and
+ a shell script (<filename>run-ptest</filename>) that starts
+ the test.
+ The shell script that starts the test must not contain
+ the actual test - the script only starts the test.
+ On the other hand, the test can be anything from a simple
+ shell script that runs a binary and checks the output to
+ an elaborate system of test binaries and data files.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The test generates output in the format used by
+ Automake:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>result</replaceable>: <replaceable>testname</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ where the result can be <filename>PASS</filename>,
+ <filename>FAIL</filename>, or <filename>SKIP</filename>,
+ and the testname can be any identifying string.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For a list of Yocto Project recipes that are already
+ enabled with ptest, see the
+ <ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Ptest'>Ptest</ulink>
+ wiki page.
+ <note>
+ A recipe is "ptest-enabled" if it inherits the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-ptest'><filename>ptest</filename></ulink>
+ class.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='adding-ptest-to-your-build'>
+ <title>Adding ptest to Your Build</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To add package testing to your build, add the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ and <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ variables to your <filename>local.conf</filename> file,
+ which is found in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DISTRO_FEATURES_append = " ptest"
+ EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES += "ptest-pkgs"
+ </literallayout>
+ Once your build is complete, the ptest files are installed
+ into the
+ <filename>/usr/lib/<replaceable>package</replaceable>/ptest</filename>
+ directory within the image, where
+ <filename><replaceable>package</replaceable></filename>
+ is the name of the package.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='running-ptest'>
+ <title>Running ptest</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>ptest-runner</filename> package installs a
+ shell script that loops through all installed ptest test
+ suites and runs them in sequence.
+ Consequently, you might want to add this package to
+ your image.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='getting-your-package-ready'>
+ <title>Getting Your Package Ready</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to enable a recipe to run installed ptests
+ on target hardware,
+ you need to prepare the recipes that build the packages
+ you want to test.
+ Here is what you have to do for each recipe:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Be sure the recipe
+ inherits the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-ptest'><filename>ptest</filename></ulink>
+ class:</emphasis>
+ Include the following line in each recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ inherit ptest
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create <filename>run-ptest</filename>:</emphasis>
+ This script starts your test.
+ Locate the script where you will refer to it
+ using
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>.
+ Here is an example that starts a test for
+ <filename>dbus</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ #!/bin/sh
+ cd test
+ make -k runtest-TESTS
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Ensure dependencies are
+ met:</emphasis>
+ If the test adds build or runtime dependencies
+ that normally do not exist for the package
+ (such as requiring "make" to run the test suite),
+ use the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ variables in your recipe in order for the package
+ to meet the dependencies.
+ Here is an example where the package has a runtime
+ dependency on "make":
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RDEPENDS_${PN}-ptest += "make"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Add a function to build the
+ test suite:</emphasis>
+ Not many packages support cross-compilation of
+ their test suites.
+ Consequently, you usually need to add a
+ cross-compilation function to the package.
+ </para>
+ <para>Many packages based on Automake compile and
+ run the test suite by using a single command
+ such as <filename>make check</filename>.
+ However, the native <filename>make check</filename>
+ builds and runs on the same computer, while
+ cross-compiling requires that the package is built
+ on the host but executed on the target.
+ The built version of Automake that ships with the
+ Yocto Project includes a patch that separates
+ building and execution.
+ Consequently, packages that use the unaltered,
+ patched version of <filename>make check</filename>
+ automatically cross-compiles.</para>
+ <para>Regardless, you still must add a
+ <filename>do_compile_ptest</filename> function to
+ build the test suite.
+ Add a function similar to the following to your
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ do_compile_ptest() {
+ oe_runmake buildtest-TESTS
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Ensure special configurations
+ are set:</emphasis>
+ If the package requires special configurations
+ prior to compiling the test code, you must
+ insert a <filename>do_configure_ptest</filename>
+ function into the recipe.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Install the test
+ suite:</emphasis>
+ The <filename>ptest</filename> class
+ automatically copies the file
+ <filename>run-ptest</filename> to the target and
+ then runs make <filename>install-ptest</filename>
+ to run the tests.
+ If this is not enough, you need to create a
+ <filename>do_install_ptest</filename> function and
+ make sure it gets called after the
+ "make install-ptest" completes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='working-with-source-files'>
+ <title>Working with Source Files</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system works with source files located
+ through the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ When you build something using BitBake, a big part of the operation
+ is locating and downloading all the source tarballs.
+ For images, downloading all the source for various packages can
+ take a significant amount of time.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This section presents information for working with source
+ files that can lead to more efficient use of resources and
+ time.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='setting-up-effective-mirrors'>
+ <title>Setting up Effective Mirrors</title>
+
+ <para>
+ As mentioned, a good deal that goes into a Yocto Project
+ build is simply downloading all of the source tarballs.
+ Maybe you have been working with another build system
+ (OpenEmbedded or Angstrom) for which you have built up a
+ sizable directory of source tarballs.
+ Or, perhaps someone else has such a directory for which you
+ have read access.
+ If so, you can save time by adding statements to your
+ configuration file so that the build process checks local
+ directories first for existing tarballs before checking the
+ Internet.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an efficient way to set it up in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SOURCE_MIRROR_URL ?= "file:///home/you/your-download-dir/"
+ INHERIT += "own-mirrors"
+ BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS = "1"
+ # BB_NO_NETWORK = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the previous example, the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS'><filename>BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS</filename></ulink>
+ variable causes the OpenEmbedded build system to generate
+ tarballs of the Git repositories and store them in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DL_DIR'><filename>DL_DIR</filename></ulink>
+ directory.
+ Due to performance reasons, generating and storing these
+ tarballs is not the build system's default behavior.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can also use the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PREMIRRORS'><filename>PREMIRRORS</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ For an example, see the variable's glossary entry in the
+ Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='getting-source-files-and-suppressing-the-build'>
+ <title>Getting Source Files and Suppressing the Build</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Another technique you can use to ready yourself for a
+ successive string of build operations, is to pre-fetch
+ all the source files without actually starting a build.
+ This technique lets you work through any download issues
+ and ultimately gathers all the source files into your
+ download directory
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-build-downloads'><filename>build/downloads</filename></ulink>,
+ which is located with
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DL_DIR'><filename>DL_DIR</filename></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the following BitBake command form to fetch all the
+ necessary sources without starting the build:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -c fetchall <replaceable>target</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ This variation of the BitBake command guarantees that you
+ have all the sources for that BitBake target should you
+ disconnect from the Internet and want to do the build
+ later offline.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="building-software-from-an-external-source">
+ <title>Building Software from an External Source</title>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system uses the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link> when
+ building source code.
+ The build process involves fetching the source files, unpacking
+ them, and then patching them if necessary before the build takes
+ place.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Situations exist where you might want to build software from source
+ files that are external to and thus outside of the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ For example, suppose you have a project that includes a new BSP with
+ a heavily customized kernel.
+ And, you want to minimize exposing the build system to the
+ development team so that they can focus on their project and
+ maintain everyone's workflow as much as possible.
+ In this case, you want a kernel source directory on the development
+ machine where the development occurs.
+ You want the recipe's
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ variable to point to the external directory and use it as is, not
+ copy it.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To build from software that comes from an external source, all you
+ need to do is inherit the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-externalsrc'><filename>externalsrc</filename></ulink>
+ class and then set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTERNALSRC'><filename>EXTERNALSRC</filename></ulink>
+ variable to point to your external source code.
+ Here are the statements to put in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "externalsrc"
+ EXTERNALSRC_pn-<replaceable>myrecipe</replaceable> = "<replaceable>path-to-your-source-tree</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This next example shows how to accomplish the same thing by setting
+ <filename>EXTERNALSRC</filename> in the recipe itself or in the
+ recipe's append file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ EXTERNALSRC = "<replaceable>path</replaceable>"
+ EXTERNALSRC_BUILD = "<replaceable>path</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ In order for these settings to take effect, you must globally
+ or locally inherit the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-externalsrc'><filename>externalsrc</filename></ulink>
+ class.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, <filename>externalsrc.bbclass</filename> builds
+ the source code in a directory separate from the external source
+ directory as specified by
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTERNALSRC'><filename>EXTERNALSRC</filename></ulink>.
+ If you need to have the source built in the same directory in
+ which it resides, or some other nominated directory, you can set
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTERNALSRC_BUILD'><filename>EXTERNALSRC_BUILD</filename></ulink>
+ to point to that directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ EXTERNALSRC_BUILD_pn-<replaceable>myrecipe</replaceable> = "<replaceable>path-to-your-source-tree</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="selecting-an-initialization-manager">
+ <title>Selecting an Initialization Manager</title>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the Yocto Project uses SysVinit as the initialization
+ manager.
+ However, support also exists for systemd,
+ which is a full replacement for init with
+ parallel starting of services, reduced shell overhead and other
+ features that are used by many distributions.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you want to use SysVinit, you do
+ not have to do anything.
+ But, if you want to use systemd, you must
+ take some steps as described in the following sections.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='using-systemd-exclusively'>
+ <title>Using systemd Exclusively</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Set the these variables in your distribution configuration
+ file as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DISTRO_FEATURES_append = " systemd"
+ VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_init_manager = "systemd"
+ </literallayout>
+ You can also prevent the SysVinit
+ distribution feature from
+ being automatically enabled as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED = "sysvinit"
+ </literallayout>
+ Doing so removes any redundant SysVinit scripts.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To remove initscripts from your image altogether,
+ set this variable also:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_initscripts = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on the backfill variable, see
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED</filename></ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-systemd-for-the-main-image-and-using-sysvinit-for-the-rescue-image'>
+ <title>Using systemd for the Main Image and Using SysVinit for the Rescue Image</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Set these variables in your distribution configuration
+ file as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DISTRO_FEATURES_append = " systemd"
+ VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_init_manager = "systemd"
+ </literallayout>
+ Doing so causes your main image to use the
+ <filename>packagegroup-core-boot.bb</filename> recipe and
+ systemd.
+ The rescue/minimal image cannot use this package group.
+ However, it can install SysVinit
+ and the appropriate packages will have support for both
+ systemd and SysVinit.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="selecting-dev-manager">
+ <title>Selecting a Device Manager</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project provides multiple ways to manage the device
+ manager (<filename>/dev</filename>):
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Persistent and Pre-Populated<filename>/dev</filename>:</emphasis>
+ For this case, the <filename>/dev</filename> directory
+ is persistent and the required device nodes are created
+ during the build.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Use <filename>devtmpfs</filename> with a Device Manager:</emphasis>
+ For this case, the <filename>/dev</filename> directory
+ is provided by the kernel as an in-memory file system and
+ is automatically populated by the kernel at runtime.
+ Additional configuration of device nodes is done in user
+ space by a device manager like
+ <filename>udev</filename> or
+ <filename>busybox-mdev</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="static-dev-management">
+ <title>Using Persistent and Pre-Populated<filename>/dev</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ To use the static method for device population, you need to
+ set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-USE_DEVFS'><filename>USE_DEVFS</filename></ulink>
+ variable to "0" as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ USE_DEVFS = "0"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The content of the resulting <filename>/dev</filename>
+ directory is defined in a Device Table file.
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES'><filename>IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES</filename></ulink>
+ variable defines the Device Table to use and should be set
+ in the machine or distro configuration file.
+ Alternatively, you can set this variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not define the
+ <filename>IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES</filename> variable, the default
+ <filename>device_table-minimal.txt</filename> is used:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES = "device_table-mymachine.txt"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The population is handled by the <filename>makedevs</filename>
+ utility during image creation:
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="devtmpfs-dev-management">
+ <title>Using <filename>devtmpfs</filename> and a Device Manager</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To use the dynamic method for device population, you need to
+ use (or be sure to set) the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-USE_DEVFS'><filename>USE_DEVFS</filename></ulink>
+ variable to "1", which is the default:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ USE_DEVFS = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ With this setting, the resulting <filename>/dev</filename>
+ directory is populated by the kernel using
+ <filename>devtmpfs</filename>.
+ Make sure the corresponding kernel configuration variable
+ <filename>CONFIG_DEVTMPFS</filename> is set when building
+ you build a Linux kernel.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ All devices created by <filename>devtmpfs</filename> will be
+ owned by <filename>root</filename> and have permissions
+ <filename>0600</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To have more control over the device nodes, you can use a
+ device manager like <filename>udev</filename> or
+ <filename>busybox-mdev</filename>.
+ You choose the device manager by defining the
+ <filename>VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager</filename> variable
+ in your machine or distro configuration file.
+ Alternatively, you can set this variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager = "udev"
+
+ # Some alternative values
+ # VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager = "busybox-mdev"
+ # VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager = "systemd"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-appdev-srcrev">
+ <title>Using an External SCM</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you're working on a recipe that pulls from an external Source
+ Code Manager (SCM), it is possible to have the OpenEmbedded build
+ system notice new recipe changes added to the SCM and then build
+ the resulting packages that depend on the new recipes by using
+ the latest versions.
+ This only works for SCMs from which it is possible to get a
+ sensible revision number for changes.
+ Currently, you can do this with Apache Subversion (SVN), Git, and
+ Bazaar (BZR) repositories.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To enable this behavior, the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink>
+ of the recipe needs to reference
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRCPV'><filename>SRCPV</filename></ulink>.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PV = "1.2.3+git${SRCPV}"
+ </literallayout>
+ Then, you can add the following to your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRCREV_pn-<replaceable>PN</replaceable> = "${AUTOREV}"
+ </literallayout>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></ulink>
+ is the name of the recipe for which you want to enable automatic source
+ revision updating.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not want to update your local configuration file, you can
+ add the following directly to the recipe to finish enabling
+ the feature:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRCREV = "${AUTOREV}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project provides a distribution named
+ <filename>poky-bleeding</filename>, whose configuration
+ file contains the line:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ require conf/distro/include/poky-floating-revisions.inc
+ </literallayout>
+ This line pulls in the listed include file that contains
+ numerous lines of exactly that form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRCREV_pn-gconf-dbus ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-matchbox-common ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-matchbox-config-gtk ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-matchbox-desktop ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-matchbox-keyboard ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-matchbox-panel ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-matchbox-panel-2 ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-matchbox-themes-extra ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-matchbox-terminal ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-matchbox-wm ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-matchbox-wm-2 ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-settings-daemon ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-screenshot ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-libfakekey ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ SRCREV_pn-oprofileui ?= "${AUTOREV}"
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ </literallayout>
+ These lines allow you to experiment with building a
+ distribution that tracks the latest development source
+ for numerous packages.
+ <note><title>Caution</title>
+ The <filename>poky-bleeding</filename> distribution
+ is not tested on a regular basis.
+ Keep this in mind if you use it.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-a-read-only-root-filesystem'>
+ <title>Creating a Read-Only Root Filesystem</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Suppose, for security reasons, you need to disable
+ your target device's root filesystem's write permissions
+ (i.e. you need a read-only root filesystem).
+ Or, perhaps you are running the device's operating system
+ from a read-only storage device.
+ For either case, you can customize your image for
+ that behavior.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Supporting a read-only root filesystem requires that the system and
+ applications do not try to write to the root filesystem.
+ You must configure all parts of the target system to write
+ elsewhere, or to gracefully fail in the event of attempting to
+ write to the root filesystem.
+ </note>
+
+ <section id='creating-the-root-filesystem'>
+ <title>Creating the Root Filesystem</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To create the read-only root filesystem, simply add the
+ "read-only-rootfs" feature to your image.
+ Using either of the following statements in your
+ image recipe or from within the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file found in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>
+ causes the build system to create a read-only root filesystem:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_FEATURES = "read-only-rootfs"
+ </literallayout>
+ or
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES += "read-only-rootfs"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on how to use these variables, see the
+ "<link linkend='usingpoky-extend-customimage-imagefeatures'>Customizing Images Using Custom <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> and <filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ For information on the variables, see
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ and <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='post-installation-scripts'>
+ <title>Post-Installation Scripts</title>
+
+ <para>
+ It is very important that you make sure all
+ post-Installation (<filename>pkg_postinst</filename>) scripts
+ for packages that are installed into the image can be run
+ at the time when the root filesystem is created during the
+ build on the host system.
+ These scripts cannot attempt to run during first-boot on the
+ target device.
+ With the "read-only-rootfs" feature enabled,
+ the build system checks during root filesystem creation to make
+ sure all post-installation scripts succeed.
+ If any of these scripts still need to be run after the root
+ filesystem is created, the build immediately fails.
+ These build-time checks ensure that the build fails
+ rather than the target device fails later during its
+ initial boot operation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Most of the common post-installation scripts generated by the
+ build system for the out-of-the-box Yocto Project are engineered
+ so that they can run during root filesystem creation
+ (e.g. post-installation scripts for caching fonts).
+ However, if you create and add custom scripts, you need
+ to be sure they can be run during this file system creation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some common problems that prevent
+ post-installation scripts from running during root filesystem
+ creation:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <emphasis>Not using $D in front of absolute
+ paths:</emphasis>
+ The build system defines
+ <filename>$</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-D'><filename>D</filename></ulink>
+ when the root filesystem is created.
+ Furthermore, <filename>$D</filename> is blank when the
+ script is run on the target device.
+ This implies two purposes for <filename>$D</filename>:
+ ensuring paths are valid in both the host and target
+ environments, and checking to determine which
+ environment is being used as a method for taking
+ appropriate actions.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <emphasis>Attempting to run processes that are
+ specific to or dependent on the target
+ architecture:</emphasis>
+ You can work around these attempts by using native
+ tools to accomplish the same tasks, or
+ by alternatively running the processes under QEMU,
+ which has the <filename>qemu_run_binary</filename>
+ function.
+ For more information, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-qemu'><filename>qemu</filename></ulink>
+ class.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='areas-with-write-access'>
+ <title>Areas With Write Access</title>
+
+ <para>
+ With the "read-only-rootfs" feature enabled,
+ any attempt by the target to write to the root filesystem at
+ runtime fails.
+ Consequently, you must make sure that you configure processes
+ and applications that attempt these types of writes do so
+ to directories with write access (e.g.
+ <filename>/tmp</filename> or <filename>/var/run</filename>).
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="performing-automated-runtime-testing">
+ <title>Performing Automated Runtime Testing</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system makes available a series of automated
+ tests for images to verify runtime functionality.
+ You can run these tests on either QEMU or actual target hardware.
+ Tests are written in Python making use of the
+ <filename>unittest</filename> module, and the majority of them
+ run commands on the target system over SSH.
+ This section describes how you set up the environment to use these
+ tests, run available tests, and write and add your own tests.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='enabling-tests'>
+ <title>Enabling Tests</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Depending on whether you are planning to run tests using
+ QEMU or on the hardware, you have to take
+ different steps to enable the tests.
+ See the following subsections for information on how to
+ enable both types of tests.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='qemu-image-enabling-tests'>
+ <title>Enabling Runtime Tests on QEMU</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to run tests, you need to do the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Set up to avoid interaction
+ with <filename>sudo</filename> for networking:</emphasis>
+ To accomplish this, you must do one of the
+ following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Add
+ <filename>NOPASSWD</filename> for your user
+ in <filename>/etc/sudoers</filename> either for
+ all commands or just for
+ <filename>runqemu-ifup</filename>.
+ You must provide the full path as that can
+ change if you are using multiple clones of the
+ source repository.
+ <note>
+ On some distributions, you also need to
+ comment out "Defaults requiretty" in
+ <filename>/etc/sudoers</filename>.
+ </note></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Manually configure a tap interface
+ for your system.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Run as root the script in
+ <filename>scripts/runqemu-gen-tapdevs</filename>,
+ which should generate a list of tap devices.
+ This is the option typically chosen for
+ Autobuilder-type environments.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Set the
+ <filename>DISPLAY</filename> variable:</emphasis>
+ You need to set this variable so that you have an X
+ server available (e.g. start
+ <filename>vncserver</filename> for a headless machine).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Be sure your host's firewall
+ accepts incoming connections from
+ 192.168.7.0/24:</emphasis>
+ Some of the tests (in particular smart tests) start an
+ HTTP server on a random high number port, which is
+ used to serve files to the target.
+ The smart module serves
+ <filename>${DEPLOY_DIR}/rpm</filename> so it can run
+ smart channel commands. That means your host's firewall
+ must accept incoming connections from 192.168.7.0/24,
+ which is the default IP range used for tap devices
+ by <filename>runqemu</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you start running the tests, the following happens:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>A copy of the root filesystem is written
+ to <filename>${WORKDIR}/testimage</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The image is booted under QEMU using the
+ standard <filename>runqemu</filename> script.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>A default timeout of 500 seconds occurs
+ to allow for the boot process to reach the login prompt.
+ You can change the timeout period by setting
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TEST_QEMUBOOT_TIMEOUT'><filename>TEST_QEMUBOOT_TIMEOUT</filename></ulink>
+ in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Once the boot process is reached and the
+ login prompt appears, the tests run.
+ The full boot log is written to
+ <filename>${WORKDIR}/testimage/qemu_boot_log</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Each test module loads in the order found
+ in <filename>TEST_SUITES</filename>.
+ You can find the full output of the commands run over
+ SSH in
+ <filename>${WORKDIR}/testimgage/ssh_target_log</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>If no failures occur, the task running the
+ tests ends successfully.
+ You can find the output from the
+ <filename>unittest</filename> in the task log at
+ <filename>${WORKDIR}/temp/log.do_testimage</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='hardware-image-enabling-tests'>
+ <title>Enabling Runtime Tests on Hardware</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system can run tests on real
+ hardware, and for certain devices it can also deploy
+ the image to be tested onto the device beforehand.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For automated deployment, a "master image" is installed
+ onto the hardware once as part of setup.
+ Then, each time tests are to be run, the following
+ occurs:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The master image is booted into and
+ used to write the image to be tested to
+ a second partition.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The device is then rebooted using an
+ external script that you need to provide.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The device boots into the image to be
+ tested.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When running tests (independent of whether the image
+ has been deployed automatically or not), the device is
+ expected to be connected to a network on a
+ pre-determined IP address.
+ You can either use static IP addresses written into
+ the image, or set the image to use DHCP and have your
+ DHCP server on the test network assign a known IP address
+ based on the MAC address of the device.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to run tests on hardware, you need to set
+ <filename>TEST_TARGET</filename> to an appropriate value.
+ For QEMU, you do not have to change anything, the default
+ value is "QemuTarget".
+ For running tests on hardware, the following options exist:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>"SimpleRemoteTarget":</emphasis>
+ Choose "SimpleRemoteTarget" if you are going to
+ run tests on a target system that is already
+ running the image to be tested and is available
+ on the network.
+ You can use "SimpleRemoteTarget" in conjunction
+ with either real hardware or an image running
+ within a separately started QEMU or any
+ other virtual machine manager.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>"GummibootTarget":</emphasis>
+ Choose "GummibootTarget" if your hardware is
+ an EFI-based machine with
+ <filename>gummiboot</filename> as bootloader and
+ <filename>core-image-testmaster</filename>
+ (or something similar) is installed.
+ Also, your hardware under test must be in a
+ DHCP-enabled network that gives it the same IP
+ address for each reboot.</para>
+ <para>If you choose "GummibootTarget", there are
+ additional requirements and considerations.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='selecting-gummiboottarget'>Selecting GummibootTarget</link>"
+ section, which follows, for more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>"BeagleBoneTarget":</emphasis>
+ Choose "BeagleBoneTarget" if you are deploying
+ images and running tests on the BeagleBone
+ "Black" or original "White" hardware.
+ For information on how to use these tests, see the
+ comments at the top of the BeagleBoneTarget
+ <filename>meta-yocto-bsp/lib/oeqa/controllers/beaglebonetarget.py</filename>
+ file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>"EdgeRouterTarget":</emphasis>
+ Choose "EdgeRouterTarget" is you are deploying
+ images and running tests on the Ubiquiti Networks
+ EdgeRouter Lite.
+ For information on how to use these tests, see the
+ comments at the top of the EdgeRouterTarget
+ <filename>meta-yocto-bsp/lib/oeqa/controllers/edgeroutertarget.py</filename>
+ file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>"GrubTarget":</emphasis>
+ Choose the "supports deploying images and running
+ tests on any generic PC that boots using GRUB.
+ For information on how to use these tests, see the
+ comments at the top of the GrubTarget
+ <filename>meta-yocto-bsp/lib/oeqa/controllers/grubtarget.py</filename>
+ file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>"<replaceable>your-target</replaceable>":</emphasis>
+ Create your own custom target if you want to run
+ tests when you are deploying images and running
+ tests on a custom machine within your BSP layer.
+ To do this, you need to add a Python unit that
+ defines the target class under
+ <filename>lib/oeqa/controllers/</filename> within
+ your layer.
+ You must also provide an empty
+ <filename>__init__.py</filename>.
+ For examples, see files in
+ <filename>meta-yocto-bsp/lib/oeqa/controllers/</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='selecting-gummiboottarget'>
+ <title>Selecting GummibootTarget</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you did not set <filename>TEST_TARGET</filename> to
+ "GummibootTarget", then you do not need any information
+ in this section.
+ You can skip down to the
+ "<link linkend='qemu-image-running-tests'>Running Tests</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you did set <filename>TEST_TARGET</filename> to
+ "GummibootTarget", you also need to perform a one-time
+ setup of your master image by doing the following:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Set <filename>EFI_PROVIDER</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Be sure that <filename>EFI_PROVIDER</filename>
+ is as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ EFI_PROVIDER = "gummiboot"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build the master image:</emphasis>
+ Build the <filename>core-image-testmaster</filename>
+ image.
+ The <filename>core-image-testmaster</filename>
+ recipe is provided as an example for a
+ "master" image and you can customize the image
+ recipe as you would any other recipe.
+ </para>
+ <para>Here are the image recipe requirements:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Inherits
+ <filename>core-image</filename>
+ so that kernel modules are installed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Installs normal linux utilities
+ not busybox ones (e.g.
+ <filename>bash</filename>,
+ <filename>coreutils</filename>,
+ <filename>tar</filename>,
+ <filename>gzip</filename>, and
+ <filename>kmod</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Uses a custom
+ Initial RAM Disk (initramfs) image with a
+ custom installer.
+ A normal image that you can install usually
+ creates a single rootfs partition.
+ This image uses another installer that
+ creates a specific partition layout.
+ Not all Board Support Packages (BSPs)
+ can use an installer.
+ For such cases, you need to manually create
+ the following partition layout on the
+ target:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>First partition mounted
+ under <filename>/boot</filename>,
+ labeled "boot".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The main rootfs
+ partition where this image gets
+ installed, which is mounted under
+ <filename>/</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Another partition
+ labeled "testrootfs" where test
+ images get deployed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Install image:</emphasis>
+ Install the image that you just built on the target
+ system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The final thing you need to do when setting
+ <filename>TEST_TARGET</filename> to "GummibootTarget" is
+ to set up the test image:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Set up your <filename>local.conf</filename> file:</emphasis>
+ Make sure you have the following statements in
+ your <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_FSTYPES += "tar.gz"
+ INHERIT += "testimage"
+ TEST_TARGET = "GummibootTarget"
+ TEST_TARGET_IP = "192.168.2.3"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build your test image:</emphasis>
+ Use BitBake to build the image:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake core-image-sato
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='power-control'>
+ <title>Power Control</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For most hardware targets other than SimpleRemoteTarget,
+ you can control power:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ You can use
+ <filename>TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD</filename>
+ together with
+ <filename>TEST_POWERCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS</filename>
+ as a command that runs on the host and does power
+ cycling.
+ The test code passes one argument to that command:
+ off, on or cycle (off then on).
+ Here is an example that could appear in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD = "powercontrol.exp test 10.11.12.1 nuc1"
+ </literallayout>
+ In this example, the expect script does the
+ following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ssh test@10.11.12.1 "pyctl nuc1 <replaceable>arg</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ It then runs a Python script that controls power
+ for a label called <filename>nuc1</filename>.
+ <note>
+ You need to customize
+ <filename>TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD</filename>
+ and
+ <filename>TEST_POWERCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS</filename>
+ for your own setup.
+ The one requirement is that it accepts
+ "on", "off", and "cycle" as the last argument.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ When no command is defined, it connects to the
+ device over SSH and uses the classic reboot command
+ to reboot the device.
+ Classic reboot is fine as long as the machine
+ actually reboots (i.e. the SSH test has not
+ failed).
+ It is useful for scenarios where you have a simple
+ setup, typically with a single board, and where
+ some manual interaction is okay from time to time.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ If you have no hardware to automatically perform power
+ control but still wish to experiment with automated
+ hardware testing, you can use the dialog-power-control
+ script that shows a dialog prompting you to perform the
+ required power action.
+ This script requires either KDialog or Zenity to be
+ installed.
+ To use this script, set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD'><filename>TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD</filename></ulink>
+ variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD = "${COREBASE}/scripts/contrib/dialog-power-control"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='serial-console-connection'>
+ <title>Serial Console Connection</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For test target classes requiring a serial console
+ to interact with the bootloader (e.g. BeagleBoneTarget,
+ EdgeRouterTarget, and GrubTarget), you need to
+ specify a command to use to connect to the serial console
+ of the target machine by using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TEST_SERIALCONTROL_CMD'><filename>TEST_SERIALCONTROL_CMD</filename></ulink>
+ variable and optionally the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TEST_SERIALCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS'><filename>TEST_SERIALCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ These cases could be a serial terminal program if the
+ machine is connected to a local serial port, or a
+ <filename>telnet</filename> or
+ <filename>ssh</filename> command connecting to a remote
+ console server.
+ Regardless of the case, the command simply needs to
+ connect to the serial console and forward that connection
+ to standard input and output as any normal terminal
+ program does.
+ For example, to use the picocom terminal program on
+ serial device <filename>/dev/ttyUSB0</filename>
+ at 115200bps, you would set the variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_SERIALCONTROL_CMD = "picocom /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 115200"
+ </literallayout>
+ For local devices where the serial port device disappears
+ when the device reboots, an additional "serdevtry" wrapper
+ script is provided.
+ To use this wrapper, simply prefix the terminal command
+ with
+ <filename>${COREBASE}/scripts/contrib/serdevtry</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_SERIALCONTROL_CMD = "${COREBASE}/scripts/contrib/serdevtry picocom -b
+115200 /dev/ttyUSB0"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="qemu-image-running-tests">
+ <title>Running Tests</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can start the tests automatically or manually:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Automatically running tests:</emphasis>
+ To run the tests automatically after the
+ OpenEmbedded build system successfully creates an image,
+ first set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TEST_IMAGE'><filename>TEST_IMAGE</filename></ulink>
+ variable to "1" in your <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_IMAGE = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ Next, build your image.
+ If the image successfully builds, the tests will be
+ run:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ bitbake core-image-sato
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Manually running tests:</emphasis>
+ To manually run the tests, first globally inherit the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-testimage'><filename>testimage</filename></ulink>
+ class by editing your <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "testimage"
+ </literallayout>
+ Next, use BitBake to run the tests:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ bitbake -c testimage <replaceable>image</replaceable>
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ All test files reside in
+ <filename>meta/lib/oeqa/runtime</filename> in the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
+ A test name maps directly to a Python module.
+ Each test module may contain a number of individual tests.
+ Tests are usually grouped together by the area
+ tested (e.g tests for systemd reside in
+ <filename>meta/lib/oeqa/runtime/systemd.py</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can add tests to any layer provided you place them in the
+ proper area and you extend
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></ulink>
+ in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file as normal.
+ Be sure that tests reside in
+ <filename><replaceable>layer</replaceable>/lib/oeqa/runtime</filename>.
+ <note>
+ Be sure that module names do not collide with module names
+ used in the default set of test modules in
+ <filename>meta/lib/oeqa/runtime</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can change the set of tests run by appending or overriding
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TEST_SUITES'><filename>TEST_SUITES</filename></ulink>
+ variable in <filename>local.conf</filename>.
+ Each name in <filename>TEST_SUITES</filename> represents a
+ required test for the image.
+ Test modules named within <filename>TEST_SUITES</filename>
+ cannot be skipped even if a test is not suitable for an image
+ (e.g. running the RPM tests on an image without
+ <filename>rpm</filename>).
+ Appending "auto" to <filename>TEST_SUITES</filename> causes the
+ build system to try to run all tests that are suitable for the
+ image (i.e. each test module may elect to skip itself).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The order you list tests in <filename>TEST_SUITES</filename>
+ is important and influences test dependencies.
+ Consequently, tests that depend on other tests should be added
+ after the test on which they depend.
+ For example, since the <filename>ssh</filename> test
+ depends on the
+ <filename>ping</filename> test, "ssh" needs to come after
+ "ping" in the list.
+ The test class provides no re-ordering or dependency handling.
+ <note>
+ Each module can have multiple classes with multiple test
+ methods.
+ And, Python <filename>unittest</filename> rules apply.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some things to keep in mind when running tests:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The default tests for the image are defined
+ as:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEFAULT_TEST_SUITES_pn-<replaceable>image</replaceable> = "ping ssh df connman syslog xorg scp vnc date rpm smart dmesg"
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Add your own test to the list of the
+ by using the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_SUITES_append = " mytest"
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Run a specific list of tests as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_SUITES = "test1 test2 test3"
+ </literallayout>
+ Remember, order is important.
+ Be sure to place a test that is dependent on another test
+ later in the order.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="exporting-tests">
+ <title>Exporting Tests</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can export tests so that they can run independently of
+ the build system.
+ Exporting tests is required if you want to be able to hand
+ the test execution off to a scheduler.
+ You can only export tests that are defined in
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TEST_SUITES'><filename>TEST_SUITES</filename></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If your image is already built, make sure the following are set
+ in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ Be sure to provide the IP address you need:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_EXPORT_ONLY = "1"
+ TEST_TARGET = "simpleremote"
+ TEST_TARGET_IP = "192.168.7.2"
+ TEST_SERVER_IP = "192.168.7.1"
+ </literallayout>
+ You can then export the tests with the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake core-image-sato -c testimage
+ </literallayout>
+ Exporting the tests places them in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link> in
+ <filename>tmp/testimage/core-image-sato</filename>, which
+ is controlled by the
+ <filename>TEST_EXPORT_DIR</filename> variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can now run the tests outside of the build environment:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd tmp/testimage/core-image-sato
+ $ ./runexported.py testdata.json
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ This "export" feature does not deploy or boot the target
+ image.
+ Your target (be it a Qemu or hardware one)
+ has to already be up and running when you call
+ <filename>runexported.py</filename>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The exported data (i.e. <filename>testdata.json</filename>)
+ contains paths to the Build Directory.
+ Thus, the contents of the directory can be moved
+ to another machine as long as you update some paths in the
+ JSON.
+ Usually, you only care about the
+ <filename>${DEPLOY_DIR}/rpm</filename> directory
+ (assuming the RPM and Smart tests are enabled).
+ Consequently, running the tests on other machine
+ means that you have to move the contents and call
+ <filename>runexported.py</filename> with
+ "--deploy-dir <replaceable>path</replaceable>" as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ./runexported.py --deploy-dir /new/path/on/this/machine testdata.json
+ </literallayout>
+ <filename>runexported.py</filename> accepts other arguments
+ as well as described using <filename>--help</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="qemu-image-writing-new-tests">
+ <title>Writing New Tests</title>
+
+ <para>
+ As mentioned previously, all new test files need to be in the
+ proper place for the build system to find them.
+ New tests for additional functionality outside of the core
+ should be added to the layer that adds the functionality, in
+ <filename><replaceable>layer</replaceable>/lib/oeqa/runtime</filename>
+ (as long as
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></ulink>
+ is extended in the layer's
+ <filename>layer.conf</filename> file as normal).
+ Just remember the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Filenames need to map directly to test
+ (module) names.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Do not use module names that
+ collide with existing core tests.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Minimally, an empty
+ <filename>__init__.py</filename> file must exist
+ in the runtime directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To create a new test, start by copying an existing module
+ (e.g. <filename>syslog.py</filename> or
+ <filename>gcc.py</filename> are good ones to use).
+ Test modules can use code from
+ <filename>meta/lib/oeqa/utils</filename>, which are helper
+ classes.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Structure shell commands such that you rely on them and they
+ return a single code for success.
+ Be aware that sometimes you will need to parse the output.
+ See the <filename>df.py</filename> and
+ <filename>date.py</filename> modules for examples.
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ You will notice that all test classes inherit
+ <filename>oeRuntimeTest</filename>, which is found in
+ <filename>meta/lib/oetest.py</filename>.
+ This base class offers some helper attributes, which are
+ described in the following sections:
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='qemu-image-writing-tests-class-methods'>
+ <title>Class Methods</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Class methods are as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>hasPackage(pkg)</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Returns "True" if <filename>pkg</filename> is in the
+ installed package list of the image, which is based
+ on the manifest file that is generated during the
+ <filename>do_rootfs</filename> task.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>hasFeature(feature)</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Returns "True" if the feature is in
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='qemu-image-writing-tests-class-attributes'>
+ <title>Class Attributes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Class attributes are as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>pscmd</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Equals "ps -ef" if <filename>procps</filename> is
+ installed in the image.
+ Otherwise, <filename>pscmd</filename> equals
+ "ps" (busybox).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>tc</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The called test context, which gives access to the
+ following attributes:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>d</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The BitBake datastore, which allows you to
+ use stuff such as
+ <filename>oeRuntimeTest.tc.d.getVar("VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_init_manager")</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>testslist</filename> and <filename>testsrequired</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Used internally.
+ The tests do not need these.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>filesdir</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The absolute path to
+ <filename>meta/lib/oeqa/runtime/files</filename>,
+ which contains helper files for tests meant
+ for copying on the target such as small
+ files written in C for compilation.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>target</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The target controller object used to deploy
+ and start an image on a particular target
+ (e.g. QemuTarget, SimpleRemote, and
+ GummibootTarget).
+ Tests usually use the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>ip</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The target's IP address.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>server_ip</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The host's IP address, which is
+ usually used by the "smart" test
+ suite.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>run(cmd, timeout=None)</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The single, most used method.
+ This command is a wrapper for:
+ <filename>ssh root@host "cmd"</filename>.
+ The command returns a tuple:
+ (status, output), which are what
+ their names imply - the return code
+ of "cmd" and whatever output
+ it produces.
+ The optional timeout argument
+ represents the number of seconds the
+ test should wait for "cmd" to
+ return.
+ If the argument is "None", the
+ test uses the default instance's
+ timeout period, which is 300
+ seconds.
+ If the argument is "0", the test
+ runs until the command returns.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>copy_to(localpath, remotepath)</filename>:</emphasis>
+ <filename>scp localpath root@ip:remotepath</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>copy_from(remotepath, localpath)</filename>:</emphasis>
+ <filename>scp root@host:remotepath localpath</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='qemu-image-writing-tests-instance-attributes'>
+ <title>Instance Attributes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A single instance attribute exists, which is
+ <filename>target</filename>.
+ The <filename>target</filename> instance attribute is
+ identical to the class attribute of the same name, which
+ is described in the previous section.
+ This attribute exists as both an instance and class
+ attribute so tests can use
+ <filename>self.target.run(cmd)</filename> in instance
+ methods instead of
+ <filename>oeRuntimeTest.tc.target.run(cmd)</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-gdb-remotedebug">
+ <title>Debugging With the GNU Project Debugger (GDB) Remotely</title>
+
+ <para>
+ GDB allows you to examine running programs, which in turn helps you to understand and fix problems.
+ It also allows you to perform post-mortem style analysis of program crashes.
+ GDB is available as a package within the Yocto Project and is
+ installed in SDK images by default.
+ See the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>" chapter
+ in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for a description of these images.
+ You can find information on GDB at <ulink url="http://sourceware.org/gdb/"/>.
+ </para>
+
+ <tip>
+ For best results, install debug (<filename>-dbg</filename>) packages
+ for the applications you are going to debug.
+ Doing so makes extra debug symbols available that give you more
+ meaningful output.
+ </tip>
+
+ <para>
+ Sometimes, due to memory or disk space constraints, it is not possible
+ to use GDB directly on the remote target to debug applications.
+ These constraints arise because GDB needs to load the debugging information and the
+ binaries of the process being debugged.
+ Additionally, GDB needs to perform many computations to locate information such as function
+ names, variable names and values, stack traces and so forth - even before starting the
+ debugging process.
+ These extra computations place more load on the target system and can alter the
+ characteristics of the program being debugged.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To help get past the previously mentioned constraints, you can use Gdbserver.
+ Gdbserver runs on the remote target and does not load any debugging information
+ from the debugged process.
+ Instead, a GDB instance processes the debugging information that is run on a
+ remote computer - the host GDB.
+ The host GDB then sends control commands to Gdbserver to make it stop or start the debugged
+ program, as well as read or write memory regions of that debugged program.
+ All the debugging information loaded and processed as well
+ as all the heavy debugging is done by the host GDB.
+ Offloading these processes gives the Gdbserver running on the target a chance to remain
+ small and fast.
+ <note>
+ By default, source files are part of the
+ <filename>*-dbg</filename> packages in order to enable GDB
+ to show source lines in its output.
+ You can save further space on the target by setting the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT_STYLE'><filename>PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT_STYLE</filename></ulink>
+ variable to "debug-without-src" so that these packages do not
+ include the source files.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because the host GDB is responsible for loading the debugging information and
+ for doing the necessary processing to make actual debugging happen,
+ you have to make sure the host can access the unstripped binaries complete
+ with their debugging information and also be sure the target is compiled with no optimizations.
+ The host GDB must also have local access to all the libraries used by the
+ debugged program.
+ Because Gdbserver does not need any local debugging information, the binaries on
+ the remote target can remain stripped.
+ However, the binaries must also be compiled without optimization
+ so they match the host's binaries.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To remain consistent with GDB documentation and terminology, the binary being debugged
+ on the remote target machine is referred to as the "inferior" binary.
+ For documentation on GDB see the
+ <ulink url="http://sourceware.org/gdb/documentation/">GDB site</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The remainder of this section describes the steps you need to take
+ to debug using the GNU project debugger.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='platdev-gdb-remotedebug-setup'>
+ <title>Set Up the Cross-Development Debugging Environment</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Before you can initiate a remote debugging session, you need
+ to be sure you have set up the cross-development environment,
+ toolchain, and sysroot.
+ The "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#adt-prepare'>Preparing for Application Development</ulink>"
+ chapter of the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide
+ describes this process.
+ Be sure you have read that chapter and have set up
+ your environment.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-gdb-remotedebug-launch-gdbserver">
+ <title>Launch Gdbserver on the Target</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Make sure Gdbserver is installed on the target.
+ If it is not, install the package
+ <filename>gdbserver</filename>, which needs the
+ <filename>libthread-db1</filename> package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example, that when entered from the host,
+ connects to the target and launches Gdbserver in order to
+ "debug" a binary named <filename>helloworld</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ gdbserver localhost:2345 /usr/bin/helloworld
+ </literallayout>
+ Gdbserver should now be listening on port 2345 for debugging
+ commands coming from a remote GDB process that is running on
+ the host computer.
+ Communication between Gdbserver and the host GDB are done
+ using TCP.
+ To use other communication protocols, please refer to the
+ <ulink url='http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/'>Gdbserver documentation</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-gdb-remotedebug-launch-gdb">
+ <title>Launch GDB on the Host Computer</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Running GDB on the host computer takes a number of stages, which
+ this section describes.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="platdev-gdb-remotedebug-launch-gdb-buildcross">
+ <title>Build the Cross-GDB Package</title>
+ <para>
+ A suitable GDB cross-binary is required that runs on your
+ host computer but also knows about the the ABI of the
+ remote target.
+ You can get this binary from the
+ <link linkend='cross-development-toolchain'>Cross-Development Toolchain</link>.
+ Here is an example where the toolchain has been installed
+ in the default directory
+ <filename>/opt/poky/&DISTRO;</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ /opt/poky/&DISTRO;/sysroots/i686-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/armv7a-vfp-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gdb
+ </literallayout>
+ where <filename>arm</filename> is the target architecture
+ and <filename>linux-gnueabi</filename> is the target ABI.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Alternatively, you can use BitBake to build the
+ <filename>gdb-cross</filename> binary.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake gdb-cross
+ </literallayout>
+ Once the binary is built, you can find it here:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ tmp/sysroots/<replaceable>host-arch</replaceable>/usr/bin/<replaceable>target-platform</replaceable>/<replaceable>target-abi</replaceable>-gdb
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='create-the-gdb-initialization-file'>
+ <title>Create the GDB Initialization File and Point to Your Root Filesystem</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Aside from the GDB cross-binary, you also need a GDB
+ initialization file in the same top directory in which
+ your binary resides.
+ When you start GDB on your host development system, GDB
+ finds this initialization file and executes all the
+ commands within.
+ For information on the <filename>.gdbinit</filename>, see
+ "<ulink url='http://sourceware.org/gdb/onlinedocs/gdb/'>Debugging with GDB</ulink>",
+ which is maintained by
+ <ulink url='http://www.sourceware.org'>sourceware.org</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You need to add a statement in the
+ <filename>~/.gdbinit</filename> file that points to your
+ root filesystem.
+ Here is an example that points to the root filesystem for
+ an ARM-based target device:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ set sysroot ~/sysroot_arm
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-gdb-remotedebug-launch-gdb-launchhost">
+ <title>Launch the Host GDB</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Before launching the host GDB, you need to be sure
+ you have sourced the cross-debugging environment script,
+ which if you installed the root filesystem in the default
+ location is at <filename>/opt/poky/&DISTRO;</filename>
+ and begins with the string "environment-setup".
+ For more information, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>Setting Up the Cross-Development Environment</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's
+ Guide.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, switch to the directory where the binary resides
+ and run the <filename>cross-gdb</filename> binary.
+ Provide the binary file you are going to debug.
+ For example, the following command continues with the
+ example used in the previous section by loading
+ the <filename>helloworld</filename> binary as well as the
+ debugging information:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ arm-poky-linux-gnuabi-gdb helloworld
+ </literallayout>
+ The commands in your <filename>.gdbinit</filename> execute
+ and the GDB prompt appears.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='platdev-gdb-connect-to-the-remote-gdb-server'>
+ <title>Connect to the Remote GDB Server</title>
+
+ <para>
+ From the target, you need to connect to the remote GDB
+ server that is running on the host.
+ You need to specify the remote host and port.
+ Here is the command continuing with the example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ target remote 192.168.7.2:2345
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-gdb-remotedebug-launch-gdb-using">
+ <title>Use the Debugger</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can now proceed with debugging as normal - as if you were debugging
+ on the local machine.
+ For example, to instruct GDB to break in the "main" function and then
+ continue with execution of the inferior binary use the following commands
+ from within GDB:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ (gdb) break main
+ (gdb) continue
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information about using GDB, see the project's online documentation at
+ <ulink url="http://sourceware.org/gdb/download/onlinedocs/"/>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='debugging-parallel-make-races'>
+ <title>Debugging Parallel Make Races</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A parallel <filename>make</filename> race occurs when the build
+ consists of several parts that are run simultaneously and
+ a situation occurs when the output or result of one
+ part is not ready for use with a different part of the build that
+ depends on that output.
+ Parallel make races are annoying and can sometimes be difficult
+ to reproduce and fix.
+ However, some simple tips and tricks exist that can help
+ you debug and fix them.
+ This section presents a real-world example of an error encountered
+ on the Yocto Project autobuilder and the process used to fix it.
+ <note>
+ If you cannot properly fix a <filename>make</filename> race
+ condition, you can work around it by clearing either the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PARALLEL_MAKE'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PARALLEL_MAKEINST'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKEINST</filename></ulink>
+ variables.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='the-failure'>
+ <title>The Failure</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For this example, assume that you are building an image that
+ depends on the "neard" package.
+ And, during the build, BitBake runs into problems and
+ creates the following output.
+ <note>
+ This example log file has longer lines artificially
+ broken to make the listing easier to read.
+ </note>
+ If you examine the output or the log file, you see the
+ failure during <filename>make</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ | DEBUG: SITE files ['endian-little', 'bit-32', 'ix86-common', 'common-linux', 'common-glibc', 'i586-linux', 'common']
+ | DEBUG: Executing shell function do_compile
+ | NOTE: make -j 16
+ | make --no-print-directory all-am
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/types.h include/near/types.h
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/log.h include/near/log.h
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/plugin.h include/near/plugin.h
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/tag.h include/near/tag.h
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/adapter.h include/near/adapter.h
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/ndef.h include/near/ndef.h
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/tlv.h include/near/tlv.h
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/setting.h include/near/setting.h
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | /bin/mkdir -p include/near
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/device.h include/near/device.h
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/nfc_copy.h include/near/nfc_copy.h
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/snep.h include/near/snep.h
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/version.h include/near/version.h
+ | ln -s /home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/neard/
+ 0.14-r0/neard-0.14/include/dbus.h include/near/dbus.h
+ | ./src/genbuiltin nfctype1 nfctype2 nfctype3 nfctype4 p2p > src/builtin.h
+ | i586-poky-linux-gcc -m32 -march=i586 --sysroot=/home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/
+ build/build/tmp/sysroots/qemux86 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I./include -I./src -I./gdbus -I/home/pokybuild/
+ yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/sysroots/qemux86/usr/include/glib-2.0
+ -I/home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/sysroots/qemux86/usr/
+ lib/glib-2.0/include -I/home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/
+ tmp/sysroots/qemux86/usr/include/dbus-1.0 -I/home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/yocto-slave/
+ nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/sysroots/qemux86/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/include -I/home/pokybuild/yocto-autobuilder/
+ yocto-slave/nightly-x86/build/build/tmp/sysroots/qemux86/usr/include/libnl3
+ -DNEAR_PLUGIN_BUILTIN -DPLUGINDIR=\""/usr/lib/near/plugins"\"
+ -DCONFIGDIR=\""/etc/neard\"" -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -c
+ -o tools/snep-send.o tools/snep-send.c
+ | In file included from tools/snep-send.c:16:0:
+ | tools/../src/near.h:41:23: fatal error: near/dbus.h: No such file or directory
+ | #include <near/dbus.h>
+ | ^
+ | compilation terminated.
+ | make[1]: *** [tools/snep-send.o] Error 1
+ | make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
+ | make: *** [all] Error 2
+ | ERROR: oe_runmake failed
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='reproducing-the-error'>
+ <title>Reproducing the Error</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Because race conditions are intermittent, they do not
+ manifest themselves every time you do the build.
+ In fact, most times the build will complete without problems
+ even though the potential race condition exists.
+ Thus, once the error surfaces, you need a way to reproduce it.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In this example, compiling the "neard" package is causing the
+ problem.
+ So the first thing to do is build "neard" locally.
+ Before you start the build, set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PARALLEL_MAKE'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename></ulink>
+ variable in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file to
+ a high number (e.g. "-j 20").
+ Using a high value for <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename>
+ increases the chances of the race condition showing up:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake neard
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once the local build for "neard" completes, start a
+ <filename>devshell</filename> build:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake neard -c devshell
+ </literallayout>
+ For information on how to use a
+ <filename>devshell</filename>, see the
+ "<link linkend='platdev-appdev-devshell'>Using a Development Shell</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the <filename>devshell</filename>, do the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ make clean
+ $ make tools/snep-send.o
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>devshell</filename> commands cause the failure
+ to clearly be visible.
+ In this case, a missing dependency exists for the "neard"
+ Makefile target.
+ Here is some abbreviated, sample output with the
+ missing dependency clearly visible at the end:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ i586-poky-linux-gcc -m32 -march=i586 --sysroot=/home/scott-lenovo/......
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ tools/snep-send.c
+ In file included from tools/snep-send.c:16:0:
+ tools/../src/near.h:41:23: fatal error: near/dbus.h: No such file or directory
+ #include <near/dbus.h>
+ ^
+ compilation terminated.
+ make: *** [tools/snep-send.o] Error 1
+ $
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-a-patch-for-the-fix'>
+ <title>Creating a Patch for the Fix</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Because there is a missing dependency for the Makefile
+ target, you need to patch the
+ <filename>Makefile.am</filename> file, which is generated
+ from <filename>Makefile.in</filename>.
+ You can use Quilt to create the patch:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ quilt new parallelmake.patch
+ Patch patches/parallelmake.patch is now on top
+ $ quilt add Makefile.am
+ File Makefile.am added to patch patches/parallelmake.patch
+ </literallayout>
+ For more information on using Quilt, see the
+ "<link linkend='using-a-quilt-workflow'>Using Quilt in Your Workflow</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ At this point you need to make the edits to
+ <filename>Makefile.am</filename> to add the missing
+ dependency.
+ For our example, you have to add the following line
+ to the file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ tools/snep-send.$(OBJEXT): include/near/dbus.h
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you have edited the file, use the
+ <filename>refresh</filename> command to create the patch:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ quilt refresh
+ Refreshed patch patches/parallelmake.patch
+ </literallayout>
+ Once the patch file exists, you need to add it back to the
+ originating recipe folder.
+ Here is an example assuming a top-level
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ named <filename>poky</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cp patches/parallelmake.patch poky/meta/recipes-connectivity/neard/neard
+ </literallayout>
+ The final thing you need to do to implement the fix in the
+ build is to update the "neard" recipe (i.e.
+ <filename>neard-0.14.bb</filename>) so that the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ statement includes the patch file.
+ The recipe file is in the folder above the patch.
+ Here is what the edited <filename>SRC_URI</filename>
+ statement would look like:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI = "${KERNELORG_MIRROR}/linux/network/nfc/${BPN}-${PV}.tar.xz \
+ file://neard.in \
+ file://neard.service.in \
+ file://parallelmake.patch \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ With the patch complete and moved to the correct folder and
+ the <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statement updated, you can
+ exit the <filename>devshell</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ exit
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='testing-the-build'>
+ <title>Testing the Build</title>
+
+ <para>
+ With everything in place, you can get back to trying the
+ build again locally:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake neard
+ </literallayout>
+ This build should succeed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Now you can open up a <filename>devshell</filename> again
+ and repeat the clean and make operations as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake neard -c devshell
+ $ make clean
+ $ make tools/snep-send.o
+ </literallayout>
+ The build should work without issue.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As with all solved problems, if they originated upstream, you
+ need to submit the fix for the recipe in OE-Core and upstream
+ so that the problem is taken care of at its source.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a Change</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-oprofile">
+ <title>Profiling with OProfile</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/">OProfile</ulink> is a
+ statistical profiler well suited for finding performance
+ bottlenecks in both user-space software and in the kernel.
+ This profiler provides answers to questions like "Which functions does my application spend
+ the most time in when doing X?"
+ Because the OpenEmbedded build system is well integrated with OProfile, it makes profiling
+ applications on target hardware straight forward.
+ <note>
+ For more information on how to set up and run OProfile, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;#profile-manual-oprofile'>oprofile</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use OProfile, you need an image that has OProfile installed.
+ The easiest way to do this is with "tools-profile" in the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_FEATURES'>IMAGE_FEATURES</ulink></filename> variable.
+ You also need debugging symbols to be available on the system where the analysis
+ takes place.
+ You can gain access to the symbols by using "dbg-pkgs" in the
+ <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> variable or by
+ installing the appropriate debug (<filename>-dbg</filename>)
+ packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For successful call graph analysis, the binaries must preserve the frame
+ pointer register and should also be compiled with the
+ <filename>-fno-omit-framepointer</filename> flag.
+ You can achieve this by setting the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SELECTED_OPTIMIZATION'>SELECTED_OPTIMIZATION</ulink></filename>
+ variable with the following options:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ -fexpensive-optimizations
+ -fno-omit-framepointer
+ -frename-registers
+ -O2
+ </literallayout>
+ You can also achieve it by setting the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DEBUG_BUILD'>DEBUG_BUILD</ulink></filename>
+ variable to "1" in the <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file.
+ If you use the <filename>DEBUG_BUILD</filename> variable,
+ you also add extra debugging information that can make the debug
+ packages large.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="platdev-oprofile-target">
+ <title>Profiling on the Target</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Using OProfile, you can perform all the profiling work on the target device.
+ A simple OProfile session might look like the following:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # opcontrol --reset
+ # opcontrol --start --separate=lib --no-vmlinux -c 5
+ .
+ .
+ [do whatever is being profiled]
+ .
+ .
+ # opcontrol --stop
+ $ opreport -cl
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In this example, the <filename>reset</filename> command clears any previously profiled data.
+ The next command starts OProfile.
+ The options used when starting the profiler separate dynamic library data
+ within applications, disable kernel profiling, and enable callgraphing up to
+ five levels deep.
+ <note>
+ To profile the kernel, you would specify the
+ <filename>--vmlinux=/path/to/vmlinux</filename> option.
+ The <filename>vmlinux</filename> file is usually in the source directory in the
+ <filename>/boot/</filename> directory and must match the running kernel.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ After you perform your profiling tasks, the next command stops the profiler.
+ After that, you can view results with the <filename>opreport</filename> command with options
+ to see the separate library symbols and callgraph information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Callgraphing logs information about time spent in functions and about a function's
+ calling function (parent) and called functions (children).
+ The higher the callgraphing depth, the more accurate the results.
+ However, higher depths also increase the logging overhead.
+ Consequently, you should take care when setting the callgraphing depth.
+ <note>
+ On ARM, binaries need to have the frame pointer enabled for callgraphing to work.
+ To accomplish this use the <filename>-fno-omit-framepointer</filename> option
+ with <filename>gcc</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on using OProfile, see the OProfile
+ online documentation at
+ <ulink url="http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/docs/"/>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-oprofile-oprofileui">
+ <title>Using OProfileUI</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A graphical user interface for OProfile is also available.
+ You can download and build this interface from the Yocto Project at
+ <ulink url="&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi/oprofileui/"></ulink>.
+ If the "tools-profile" image feature is selected, all necessary binaries
+ are installed onto the target device for OProfileUI interaction.
+ For a list of image features that ship with the Yocto Project,
+ see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-features-image'>Image Features</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the source directory usually includes all needed patches on the target device, you
+ might find you need other OProfile patches for recent OProfileUI features.
+ If so, see the <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi/oprofileui/tree/README'>
+ OProfileUI README</ulink> for the most recent information.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="platdev-oprofile-oprofileui-online">
+ <title>Online Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Using OProfile in online mode assumes a working network connection with the target
+ hardware.
+ With this connection, you just need to run "oprofile-server" on the device.
+ By default, OProfile listens on port 4224.
+ <note>
+ You can change the port using the <filename>--port</filename> command-line
+ option.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The client program is called <filename>oprofile-viewer</filename> and its UI is relatively
+ straight forward.
+ You access key functionality through the buttons on the toolbar, which
+ are duplicated in the menus.
+ Here are the buttons:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Connect:</emphasis> Connects to the remote host.
+ You can also supply the IP address or hostname.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Disconnect:</emphasis> Disconnects from the target.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Start:</emphasis> Starts profiling on the device.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Stop:</emphasis> Stops profiling on the device and
+ downloads the data to the local host.
+ Stopping the profiler generates the profile and displays it in the viewer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Download:</emphasis> Downloads the data from the
+ target and generates the profile, which appears in the viewer.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Reset:</emphasis> Resets the sample data on the device.
+ Resetting the data removes sample information collected from previous
+ sampling runs.
+ Be sure you reset the data if you do not want to include old sample information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Save:</emphasis> Saves the data downloaded from the
+ target to another directory for later examination.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Open:</emphasis> Loads previously saved data.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The client downloads the complete profile archive from
+ the target to the host for processing.
+ This archive is a directory that contains the sample data, the object files,
+ and the debug information for the object files.
+ The archive is then converted using the <filename>oparchconv</filename> script, which is
+ included in this distribution.
+ The script uses <filename>opimport</filename> to convert the archive from
+ the target to something that can be processed on the host.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Downloaded archives reside in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link> in
+ <filename>tmp</filename> and are cleared up when they are no longer in use.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you wish to perform kernel profiling, you need to be sure
+ a <filename>vmlinux</filename> file that matches the running kernel is available.
+ In the source directory, that file is usually located in
+ <filename>/boot/vmlinux-<replaceable>kernelversion</replaceable></filename>, where
+ <filename><replaceable>kernelversion</replaceable></filename> is the version of the kernel.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system generates separate <filename>vmlinux</filename>
+ packages for each kernel it builds.
+ Thus, it should just be a question of making sure a matching package is
+ installed (e.g. <filename>opkg install kernel-vmlinux</filename>).
+ The files are automatically installed into development and profiling images
+ alongside OProfile.
+ A configuration option exists within the OProfileUI settings page that you can use to
+ enter the location of the <filename>vmlinux</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Waiting for debug symbols to transfer from the device can be slow, and it
+ is not always necessary to actually have them on the device for OProfile use.
+ All that is needed is a copy of the filesystem with the debug symbols present
+ on the viewer system.
+ The "<link linkend='platdev-gdb-remotedebug-launch-gdb'>Launch GDB on the Host Computer</link>"
+ section covers how to create such a directory within
+ the source directory and how to use the OProfileUI Settings
+ Dialog to specify the location.
+ If you specify the directory, it will be used when the file checksums
+ match those on the system you are profiling.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="platdev-oprofile-oprofileui-offline">
+ <title>Offline Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If network access to the target is unavailable, you can generate
+ an archive for processing in <filename>oprofile-viewer</filename> as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # opcontrol --reset
+ # opcontrol --start --separate=lib --no-vmlinux -c 5
+ .
+ .
+ [do whatever is being profiled]
+ .
+ .
+ # opcontrol --stop
+ # oparchive -o my_archive
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the above example, <filename>my_archive</filename> is the name of the
+ archive directory where you would like the profile archive to be kept.
+ After the directory is created, you can copy it to another host and load it
+ using <filename>oprofile-viewer</filename> open functionality.
+ If necessary, the archive is converted.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='maintaining-open-source-license-compliance-during-your-products-lifecycle'>
+ <title>Maintaining Open Source License Compliance During Your Product's Lifecycle</title>
+
+ <para>
+ One of the concerns for a development organization using open source
+ software is how to maintain compliance with various open source
+ licensing during the lifecycle of the product.
+ While this section does not provide legal advice or
+ comprehensively cover all scenarios, it does
+ present methods that you can use to
+ assist you in meeting the compliance requirements during a software
+ release.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ With hundreds of different open source licenses that the Yocto
+ Project tracks, it is difficult to know the requirements of each
+ and every license.
+ However, the requirements of the major FLOSS licenses can begin
+ to be covered by
+ assuming that three main areas of concern exist:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Source code must be provided.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>License text for the software must be
+ provided.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Compilation scripts and modifications to the
+ source code must be provided.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ There are other requirements beyond the scope of these
+ three and the methods described in this section
+ (e.g. the mechanism through which source code is distributed).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As different organizations have different methods of complying with
+ open source licensing, this section is not meant to imply that
+ there is only one single way to meet your compliance obligations,
+ but rather to describe one method of achieving compliance.
+ The remainder of this section describes methods supported to meet the
+ previously mentioned three requirements.
+ Once you take steps to meet these requirements,
+ and prior to releasing images, sources, and the build system,
+ you should audit all artifacts to ensure completeness.
+ <note>
+ The Yocto Project generates a license manifest during
+ image creation that is located
+ in <filename>${DEPLOY_DIR}/licenses/<replaceable>image_name-datestamp</replaceable></filename>
+ to assist with any audits.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='providing-the-source-code'>
+ <title>Providing the Source Code</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Compliance activities should begin before you generate the
+ final image.
+ The first thing you should look at is the requirement that
+ tops the list for most compliance groups - providing
+ the source.
+ The Yocto Project has a few ways of meeting this
+ requirement.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ One of the easiest ways to meet this requirement is
+ to provide the entire
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DL_DIR'><filename>DL_DIR</filename></ulink>
+ used by the build.
+ This method, however, has a few issues.
+ The most obvious is the size of the directory since it includes
+ all sources used in the build and not just the source used in
+ the released image.
+ It will include toolchain source, and other artifacts, which
+ you would not generally release.
+ However, the more serious issue for most companies is accidental
+ release of proprietary software.
+ The Yocto Project provides an
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-archiver'><filename>archiver</filename></ulink>
+ class to help avoid some of these concerns.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before you employ <filename>DL_DIR</filename> or the
+ archiver class, you need to decide how you choose to
+ provide source.
+ The source archiver class can generate tarballs and SRPMs
+ and can create them with various levels of compliance in mind.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ One way of doing this (but certainly not the only way) is to
+ release just the source as a tarball.
+ You can do this by adding the following to the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file found in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "archiver"
+ ARCHIVER_MODE[src] = "original"
+ </literallayout>
+ During the creation of your image, the source from all
+ recipes that deploy packages to the image is placed within
+ subdirectories of
+ <filename>DEPLOY_DIR/sources</filename> based on the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LICENSE'><filename>LICENSE</filename></ulink>
+ for each recipe.
+ Releasing the entire directory enables you to comply with
+ requirements concerning providing the unmodified source.
+ It is important to note that the size of the directory can
+ get large.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A way to help mitigate the size issue is to only release
+ tarballs for licenses that require the release of
+ source.
+ Let us assume you are only concerned with GPL code as
+ identified with the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd poky/build/tmp/deploy/sources
+ $ mkdir ~/gpl_source_release
+ $ for dir in */*GPL*; do cp -r $dir ~/gpl_source_release; done
+ </literallayout>
+ At this point, you could create a tarball from the
+ <filename>gpl_source_release</filename> directory and
+ provide that to the end user.
+ This method would be a step toward achieving compliance
+ with section 3a of GPLv2 and with section 6 of GPLv3.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='providing-license-text'>
+ <title>Providing License Text</title>
+
+ <para>
+ One requirement that is often overlooked is inclusion
+ of license text.
+ This requirement also needs to be dealt with prior to
+ generating the final image.
+ Some licenses require the license text to accompany
+ the binary.
+ You can achieve this by adding the following to your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ COPY_LIC_MANIFEST = "1"
+ COPY_LIC_DIRS = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ Adding these statements to the configuration file ensures
+ that the licenses collected during package generation
+ are included on your image.
+ As the source archiver has already archived the original
+ unmodified source that contains the license files,
+ you would have already met the requirements for inclusion
+ of the license information with source as defined by the GPL
+ and other open source licenses.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='providing-compilation-scripts-and-source-code-modifications'>
+ <title>Providing Compilation Scripts and Source Code Modifications</title>
+
+ <para>
+ At this point, we have addressed all we need to address
+ prior to generating the image.
+ The next two requirements are addressed during the final
+ packaging of the release.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By releasing the version of the OpenEmbedded build system
+ and the layers used during the build, you will be providing both
+ compilation scripts and the source code modifications in one
+ step.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If the deployment team has a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-layers'>BSP layer</ulink>
+ and a distro layer, and those those layers are used to patch,
+ compile, package, or modify (in any way) any open source
+ software included in your released images, you
+ might be required to to release those layers under section 3 of
+ GPLv2 or section 1 of GPLv3.
+ One way of doing that is with a clean
+ checkout of the version of the Yocto Project and layers used
+ during your build.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # We built using the &DISTRO_NAME; branch of the poky repo
+ $ git clone -b &DISTRO_NAME; git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
+ $ cd poky
+ # We built using the release_branch for our layers
+ $ git clone -b release_branch git://git.mycompany.com/meta-my-bsp-layer
+ $ git clone -b release_branch git://git.mycompany.com/meta-my-software-layer
+ # clean up the .git repos
+ $ find . -name ".git" -type d -exec rm -rf {} \;
+ </literallayout>
+ One thing a development organization might want to consider
+ for end-user convenience is to modify
+ <filename>meta-yocto/conf/bblayers.conf.sample</filename> to
+ ensure that when the end user utilizes the released build
+ system to build an image, the development organization's
+ layers are included in the <filename>bblayers.conf</filename>
+ file automatically:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # LAYER_CONF_VERSION is increased each time build/conf/bblayers.conf
+ # changes incompatibly
+ LCONF_VERSION = "6"
+
+ BBPATH = "${TOPDIR}"
+ BBFILES ?= ""
+
+ BBLAYERS ?= " \
+ ##OEROOT##/meta \
+ ##OEROOT##/meta-yocto \
+ ##OEROOT##/meta-yocto-bsp \
+ ##OEROOT##/meta-mylayer \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ Creating and providing an archive of the
+ <link linkend='metadata'>Metadata</link> layers
+ (recipes, configuration files, and so forth)
+ enables you to meet your
+ requirements to include the scripts to control compilation
+ as well as any modifications to the original source.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-the-error-reporting-tool'>
+ <title>Using the Error Reporting Tool</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The error reporting tool allows you to
+ submit errors encountered during builds to a central database.
+ Outside of the build environment, you can use a web interface to
+ browse errors, view statistics, and query for errors.
+ The tool works using a client-server system where the client
+ portion is integrated with the installed Yocto Project
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ (e.g. <filename>poky</filename>).
+ The server receives the information collected and saves it in a
+ database.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A live instance of the error reporting server exists at
+ <ulink url='http://errors.yoctoproject.org'></ulink>.
+ This server exists so that when you want to get help with
+ build failures, you can submit all of the information on the
+ failure easily and then point to the URL in your bug report
+ or send an email to the mailing list.
+ <note>
+ If you send error reports to this server, the reports become
+ publicly visible.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='enabling-and-using-the-tool'>
+ <title>Enabling and Using the Tool</title>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the error reporting tool is disabled.
+ You can enable it by inheriting the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-report-error'><filename>report-error</filename></ulink>
+ class by adding the following statement to the end of
+ your <filename>local.conf</filename> file in your
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "report-error"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the error reporting feature stores information in
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LOG_DIR'><filename>LOG_DIR</filename></ulink><filename>}/error-report</filename>.
+ However, you can specify a directory to use by adding the following
+ to your <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ERR_REPORT_DIR = "path"
+ </literallayout>
+ Enabling error reporting causes the build process to collect
+ the errors and store them in a file as previously described.
+ When the build system encounters an error, it includes a
+ command as part of the console output.
+ You can run the command to send the error file to the server.
+ For example, the following command sends the errors to an
+ upstream server:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ send-error-report /home/brandusa/project/poky/build/tmp/log/error-report/error_report_201403141617.txt
+ </literallayout>
+ In the previous example, the errors are sent to a public
+ database available at
+ <ulink url='http://errors.yoctoproject.org'></ulink>, which is
+ used by the entire community.
+ If you specify a particular server, you can send the errors
+ to a different database.
+ Use the following command for more information on available
+ options:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ send-error-report --help
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When sending the error file, you are prompted to review the
+ data being sent as well as to provide a name and optional
+ email address.
+ Once you satisfy these prompts, the command returns a link
+ from the server that corresponds to your entry in the database.
+ For example, here is a typical link:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ http://errors.yoctoproject.org/Errors/Details/9522/
+ </literallayout>
+ Following the link takes you to a web interface where you can
+ browse, query the errors, and view statistics.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='disabling-the-tool'>
+ <title>Disabling the Tool</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To disable the error reporting feature, simply remove or comment
+ out the following statement from the end of your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file in your
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "report-error"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='setting-up-your-own-error-reporting-server'>
+ <title>Setting Up Your Own Error Reporting Server</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you want to set up your own error reporting server, you
+ can obtain the code from the Git repository at
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/error-report-web/'></ulink>.
+ Instructions on how to set it up are in the README document.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
+
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-customization.xsl b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..523ea3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:include href="../template/permalinks.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/section.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/component.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/division.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/formal.object.heading.xsl"/>
+
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'dev-style.css'" />
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel" select="A" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="generate.id.attributes" select="1" />
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d7b5fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
+ version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import
+ href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:param name="chunker.output.indent" select="'yes'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.quietly" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.first.sections" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.section.depth" select="10"/>
+ <xsl:param name="use.id.as.filename" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="ulink.target" select="'_self'" />
+ <xsl:param name="base.dir" select="'html/dev-manual/'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'../book.css'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="eclipse.manifest" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="create.plugin.xml" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="suppress.navigation" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="generate.index" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-intro.xml b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-intro.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e350882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-intro.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='dev-manual-intro'>
+
+<title>The Yocto Project Development Manual</title>
+ <section id='dev-intro'>
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Welcome to the Yocto Project Development Manual!
+ This manual provides information on how to use the Yocto Project to
+ develop embedded Linux images and user-space applications that
+ run on targeted devices.
+ The manual provides an overview of image, kernel, and
+ user-space application development using the Yocto Project.
+ Because much of the information in this manual is general, it
+ contains many references to other sources where you can find more
+ detail.
+ For example, you can find detailed information on Git, repositories,
+ and open source in general in many places on the Internet.
+ Another example specific to the Yocto Project is how to quickly
+ set up your host development system and build an image, which you
+ find in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;'>Yocto Project Quick Start</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project Development Manual does, however, provide
+ guidance and examples on how to change the kernel source code,
+ reconfigure the kernel, and develop an application using the
+ popular <trademark class='trade'>Eclipse</trademark> IDE.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ By default, using the Yocto Project creates a Poky distribution.
+ However, you can create your own distribution by providing key
+ <link linkend='metadata'>Metadata</link>.
+ A good example is Angstrom, which has had a distribution
+ based on the Yocto Project since its inception.
+ Other examples include commercial distributions like
+ <ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/organization/wind-river-systems'>Wind River Linux</ulink>,
+ <ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/organization/mentor-graphics'>Mentor Embedded Linux</ulink>,
+ <ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/organization/enea-ab'>ENEA Linux</ulink>
+ and <ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/ecosystem/member-organizations'>others</ulink>.
+ See the "<link linkend='creating-your-own-distribution'>Creating Your Own Distribution</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='what-this-manual-provides'>
+ <title>What This Manual Provides</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list describes what you can get from this manual:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Information that lets you get set
+ up to develop using the Yocto Project.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Information to help developers who are new to
+ the open source environment and to the distributed revision
+ control system Git, which the Yocto Project uses.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>An understanding of common end-to-end
+ development models and tasks.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Information about common development tasks
+ generally used during image development for
+ embedded devices.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Information on using the Yocto Project
+ integration of the QuickEMUlator (QEMU), which lets you
+ simulate running on hardware an image you have built using
+ the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Many references to other sources of related
+ information.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='what-this-manual-does-not-provide'>
+ <title>What this Manual Does Not Provide</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This manual will not give you the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Step-by-step instructions when those instructions exist in other Yocto
+ Project documentation:</emphasis>
+ For example, the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide contains detailed
+ instructions on how to run the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#installing-the-adt'>ADT Installer</ulink>,
+ which is used to set up a cross-development environment.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Reference material:</emphasis>
+ This type of material resides in an appropriate reference manual.
+ For example, system variables are documented in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;'>Yocto Project Reference Manual</ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Detailed public information that is not specific to the Yocto Project:</emphasis>
+ For example, exhaustive information on how to use Git is covered better through the
+ Internet than in this manual.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='other-information'>
+ <title>Other Information</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Because this manual presents overview information for many different
+ topics, supplemental information is recommended for full
+ comprehension.
+ The following list presents other sources of information you might find helpful:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project Website</ulink>:
+ </emphasis> The home page for the Yocto Project provides lots of information on the project
+ as well as links to software and documentation.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;'>Yocto Project Quick Start</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ This short document lets you get started
+ with the Yocto Project and quickly begin building an image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;'>Yocto Project Reference Manual</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ This manual is a reference
+ guide to the OpenEmbedded build system, which is based on BitBake.
+ The build system is sometimes referred to as "Poky".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;'>Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ This guide provides information that lets you get going with the Application
+ Development Toolkit (ADT) and stand-alone cross-development toolchains to
+ develop projects using the Yocto Project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;'>Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ This guide defines the structure for BSP components.
+ Having a commonly understood structure encourages standardization.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ This manual describes how to work with Linux Yocto kernels as well as provides a bit
+ of conceptual information on the construction of the Yocto Linux kernel tree.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;'>Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ This manual presents a set of common and generally useful tracing and
+ profiling schemes along with their applications (as appropriate) to each tool.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;'>Toaster User Manual</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ This manual introduces and describes how to set up and use
+ Toaster, which is a web interface to the Yocto Project's
+ <link linkend='build-system-term'>OpenEmbedded Build System</link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZlOu-gLsh0'>
+ Eclipse IDE Yocto Plug-in</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ A step-by-step instructional video that
+ demonstrates how an application developer uses Yocto Plug-in features within
+ the Eclipse IDE.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/FAQ'>FAQ</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ A list of commonly asked questions and their answers.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_RELEASE_NOTES;'>Release Notes</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ Features, updates and known issues for the current
+ release of the Yocto Project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/projects/hob'>Hob</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ A graphical user interface for BitBake.
+ Hob's primary goal is to enable a user to perform common tasks more easily.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/projects/toaster'>Toaster</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ An Application Programming Interface (API) and web-based
+ interface to the OpenEmbedded build system, which uses
+ BitBake, that reports build information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/projects/build-appliance'>Build Appliance</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ A virtual machine that
+ enables you to build and boot a custom embedded Linux image
+ with the Yocto Project using a non-Linux development system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_BUGZILLA_URL;'>Bugzilla</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ The bug tracking application the Yocto Project uses.
+ If you find problems with the Yocto Project, you should report them using this
+ application.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Yocto Project Mailing Lists:</emphasis>
+ To subscribe to the Yocto Project mailing
+ lists, click on the following URLs and follow the instructions:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/yocto'></ulink>
+ for a Yocto Project Discussions mailing list.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/poky'></ulink>
+ for a Yocto Project Discussions mailing list about the
+ OpenEmbedded build system (Poky).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/yocto-announce'></ulink>
+ for a mailing list to receive official Yocto Project announcements
+ as well as Yocto Project milestones.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/listinfo'></ulink>
+ for a listing of all public mailing lists on
+ <filename>lists.yoctoproject.org</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Internet Relay Chat (IRC):</emphasis>
+ Two IRC channels on freenode are available
+ for Yocto Project and Poky discussions: <filename>#yocto</filename> and
+ <filename>#poky</filename>, respectively.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&OE_HOME_URL;'>OpenEmbedded</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ The build system used by the Yocto Project.
+ This project is the upstream, generic, embedded distribution
+ from which the Yocto Project derives its build system (Poky)
+ and to which it contributes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='http://www.openembedded.org/wiki/BitBake'>BitBake</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ The tool used by the OpenEmbedded build system
+ to process project metadata.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;'>BitBake User Manual:</ulink></emphasis>
+ A comprehensive guide to the BitBake tool.
+ If you want information on BitBake, see this manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html'>Quick EMUlator (QEMU)</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ An open-source machine emulator and virtualizer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-model.xml b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-model.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e0ded2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-model.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,2624 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='dev-manual-model'>
+
+<title>Common Development Models</title>
+
+<para>
+ Many development models exist for which you can use the Yocto Project.
+ This chapter overviews simple methods that use tools provided by the
+ Yocto Project:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>System Development:</emphasis>
+ System Development covers Board Support Package (BSP) development
+ and kernel modification or configuration.
+ For an example on how to create a BSP, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'>Creating a New BSP Layer Using the yocto-bsp Script</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP)
+ Developer's Guide.
+ For more complete information on how to work with the kernel,
+ see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>User Application Development:</emphasis>
+ User Application Development covers development of applications
+ that you intend to run on target hardware.
+ For information on how to set up your host development system for
+ user-space application development, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;'>Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ For a simple example of user-space application development using
+ the <trademark class='trade'>Eclipse</trademark> IDE, see the
+ "<link linkend='application-development-workflow'>Application
+ Development Workflow</link>" section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Temporary Source Code Modification:</emphasis>
+ Direct modification of temporary source code is a convenient
+ development model to quickly iterate and develop towards a
+ solution.
+ Once you implement the solution, you should of course take
+ steps to get the changes upstream and applied in the affected
+ recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Image Development using Toaster:</emphasis>
+ You can use <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/Tools-resources/projects/toaster'>Toaster</ulink>
+ to build custom operating system images within the build
+ environment.
+ Toaster provides an efficient interface to the OpenEmbedded build
+ that allows you to start builds and examine build statistics.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Image Development using Hob:</emphasis>
+ You can use the <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/projects/hob'>Hob</ulink>
+ to build custom operating system images within the build
+ environment.
+ Hob provides an efficient interface to the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Using a Development Shell:</emphasis>
+ You can use a <filename>devshell</filename> to efficiently debug
+ commands or simply edit packages.
+ Working inside a development shell is a quick way to set up the
+ OpenEmbedded build environment to work on parts of a project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+</para>
+
+<section id='system-development-model'>
+ <title>System Development Workflow</title>
+
+ <para>
+ System development involves modification or creation of an image that you want to run on
+ a specific hardware target.
+ Usually, when you want to create an image that runs on embedded hardware, the image does
+ not require the same number of features that a full-fledged Linux distribution provides.
+ Thus, you can create a much smaller image that is designed to use only the
+ features for your particular hardware.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To help you understand how system development works in the Yocto Project, this section
+ covers two types of image development: BSP creation and kernel modification or
+ configuration.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='developing-a-board-support-package-bsp'>
+ <title>Developing a Board Support Package (BSP)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A BSP is a collection of recipes that, when applied during a build, results in
+ an image that you can run on a particular board.
+ Thus, the package when compiled into the new image, supports the operation of the board.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ For a brief list of terms used when describing the development process in the Yocto Project,
+ see the "<link linkend='yocto-project-terms'>Yocto Project Terms</link>" section.
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ The remainder of this section presents the basic
+ steps used to create a BSP using the Yocto Project's
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#using-the-yocto-projects-bsp-tools'>BSP Tools</ulink>.
+ Although not required for BSP creation, the
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename> repository, which contains
+ many BSPs supported by the Yocto Project, is part of the example.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For an example that shows how to create a new layer using the tools, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'>Creating a New BSP Layer Using the yocto-bsp Script</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following illustration and list summarize the BSP creation general workflow.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bsp-dev-flow.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Set up your host development system to support
+ development using the Yocto Project</emphasis>: See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#the-linux-distro'>The Linux Distribution</ulink>"
+ and the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#packages'>The Build Host Packages</ulink>" sections both
+ in the Yocto Project Quick Start for requirements.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Establish a local copy of the project files on your
+ system</emphasis>: You need this <link linkend='source-directory'>Source
+ Directory</link> available on your host system.
+ Having these files on your system gives you access to the build
+ process and to the tools you need.
+ For information on how to set up the Source Directory,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='getting-setup'>Getting Set Up</link>" section.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Establish the <filename>meta-intel</filename>
+ repository on your system</emphasis>: Having local copies
+ of these supported BSP layers on your system gives you
+ access to layers you might be able to build on or modify
+ to create your BSP.
+ For information on how to get these files, see the
+ "<link linkend='getting-setup'>Getting Set Up</link>" section.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create your own BSP layer using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'><filename>yocto-bsp</filename></ulink> script</emphasis>:
+ Layers are ideal for
+ isolating and storing work for a given piece of hardware.
+ A layer is really just a location or area in which you place
+ the recipes and configurations for your BSP.
+ In fact, a BSP is, in itself, a special type of layer.
+ The simplest way to create a new BSP layer that is compliant with the
+ Yocto Project is to use the <filename>yocto-bsp</filename> script.
+ For information about that script, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'>Creating a New BSP Layer Using the yocto-bsp Script</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support (BSP) Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Another example that illustrates a layer is an application.
+ Suppose you are creating an application that has library or other dependencies in
+ order for it to compile and run.
+ The layer, in this case, would be where all the recipes that define those dependencies
+ are kept.
+ The key point for a layer is that it is an isolated area that contains
+ all the relevant information for the project that the OpenEmbedded build
+ system knows about.
+ For more information on layers, see the
+ "<link linkend='understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding and Creating Layers</link>"
+ section.
+ For more information on BSP layers, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-layers'>BSP Layers</ulink>" section in the
+ Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide.</para>
+ <note>Five BSPs exist that are part of the
+ Yocto Project release: <filename>genericx86</filename>, <filename>genericx86-64</filename>,
+ <filename>beaglebone</filename> (ARM),
+ <filename>mpc8315e</filename> (PowerPC),
+ and <filename>edgerouter</filename> (MIPS).
+ The recipes and configurations for these five BSPs are located and dispersed
+ within the <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
+ On the other hand, the <filename>meta-intel</filename> layer
+ contains BSP layers for many supported BSPs (e.g.
+ Crystal Forest, Emenlow, Fish River Island 2, Haswell,
+ Jasper Forest, and so forth).
+ Aside from the BSPs in the <filename>meta-intel</filename>
+ layer, the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;'>Source Repositories</ulink>
+ contain additional BSP layers such as
+ <filename>meta-minnow</filename> and
+ <filename>meta-raspberrypi</filename>.</note>
+ <para>When you set up a layer for a new BSP, you should follow a standard layout.
+ This layout is described in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-filelayout'>Example Filesystem Layout</ulink>"
+ section of the Board Support Package (BSP) Development Guide.
+ In the standard layout, you will notice a suggested structure for recipes and
+ configuration information.
+ You can see the standard layout for a BSP by examining
+ any supported BSP found in the <filename>meta-intel</filename> layer inside
+ the Source Directory.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Make configuration changes to your new BSP
+ layer</emphasis>: The standard BSP layer structure organizes the files you need
+ to edit in <filename>conf</filename> and several <filename>recipes-*</filename>
+ directories within the BSP layer.
+ Configuration changes identify where your new layer is on the local system
+ and identify which kernel you are going to use.
+ When you run the <filename>yocto-bsp</filename> script, you are able to interactively
+ configure many things for the BSP (e.g. keyboard, touchscreen, and so forth).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Make recipe changes to your new BSP layer</emphasis>: Recipe
+ changes include altering recipes (<filename>.bb</filename> files), removing
+ recipes you do not use, and adding new recipes or append files
+ (<filename>.bbappend</filename>) that you need to support your hardware.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Prepare for the build</emphasis>: Once you have made all the
+ changes to your BSP layer, there remains a few things
+ you need to do for the OpenEmbedded build system in order for it to create your image.
+ You need to get the build environment ready by sourcing an environment setup script
+ (i.e. <filename>oe-init-build-env</filename> or
+ <filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename>)
+ and you need to be sure two key configuration files are configured appropriately:
+ the <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> and the
+ <filename>conf/bblayers.conf</filename> file.
+ You must make the OpenEmbedded build system aware of your new layer.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='enabling-your-layer'>Enabling Your Layer</link>" section
+ for information on how to let the build system know about your new layer.</para>
+ <para>The entire process for building an image is overviewed in the section
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#qs-building-images'>Building Images</ulink>" section
+ of the Yocto Project Quick Start.
+ You might want to reference this information.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build the image</emphasis>: The OpenEmbedded build system
+ uses the BitBake tool to build images based on the type of image you want to create.
+ You can find more information about BitBake in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ <para>The build process supports several types of images to satisfy different needs.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>" chapter
+ in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for information on
+ supported images.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can view a video presentation on "Building Custom Embedded Images with Yocto"
+ at <ulink url='http://free-electrons.com/blog/elc-2011-videos'>Free Electrons</ulink>.
+ After going to the page, just search for "Embedded".
+ You can also find supplemental information in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;'>
+ Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ Finally, there is helpful material and links on this
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/Transcript:_creating_one_generic_Atom_BSP_from_another'>wiki page</ulink>.
+ Although a bit dated, you might find the information on the wiki
+ helpful.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='modifying-the-kernel'>
+ <title><anchor id='kernel-spot' />Modifying the Kernel</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Kernel modification involves changing the Yocto Project kernel, which could involve changing
+ configuration options as well as adding new kernel recipes.
+ Configuration changes can be added in the form of configuration fragments, while recipe
+ modification comes through the kernel's <filename>recipes-kernel</filename> area
+ in a kernel layer you create.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The remainder of this section presents a high-level overview of the Yocto Project
+ kernel architecture and the steps to modify the kernel.
+ You can reference the
+ "<link linkend='patching-the-kernel'>Patching the Kernel</link>" section
+ for an example that changes the source code of the kernel.
+ For information on how to configure the kernel, see the
+ "<link linkend='configuring-the-kernel'>Configuring the Kernel</link>" section.
+ For more information on the kernel and on modifying the kernel, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='kernel-overview'>
+ <title>Kernel Overview</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Traditionally, when one thinks of a patched kernel, they think of a base kernel
+ source tree and a fixed structure that contains kernel patches.
+ The Yocto Project, however, employs mechanisms that, in a sense, result in a kernel source
+ generator.
+ By the end of this section, this analogy will become clearer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find a web interface to the Yocto Project kernel source repositories at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;'></ulink>.
+ If you look at the interface, you will see to the left a grouping of
+ Git repositories titled "Yocto Linux Kernel."
+ Within this group, you will find several kernels supported by
+ the Yocto Project:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.8</filename></emphasis> - The
+ stable Yocto Project kernel to use with the Yocto
+ Project Release 1.4. This kernel is based on the
+ Linux 3.8 released kernel.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.10</filename></emphasis> - An
+ additional, unsupported Yocto Project kernel used with
+ the Yocto Project Release 1.5.
+ This kernel is based on the Linux 3.10 released kernel.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.14</filename></emphasis> - The
+ stable Yocto Project kernel to use with the Yocto
+ Project Releases 1.6 and 1.7.
+ This kernel is based on the Linux 3.14 released kernel.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.17</filename></emphasis> - An
+ additional, unsupported Yocto Project kernel used with
+ the Yocto Project Release 1.7.
+ This kernel is based on the Linux 3.17 released kernel.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.19</filename></emphasis> - The
+ stable Yocto Project kernel to use with the Yocto
+ Project Release 1.8.
+ This kernel is based on the Linux 3.19 released kernel.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <filename>linux-yocto-dev</filename></emphasis> - A
+ development kernel based on the latest upstream release
+ candidate available.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The kernels are maintained using the Git revision control system
+ that structures them using the familiar "tree", "branch", and "leaf" scheme.
+ Branches represent diversions from general code to more specific code, while leaves
+ represent the end-points for a complete and unique kernel whose source files,
+ when gathered from the root of the tree to the leaf, accumulate to create the files
+ necessary for a specific piece of hardware and its features.
+ The following figure displays this concept:
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-overview-1.png"
+ width="6in" depth="6in" align="center" scale="100" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Within the figure, the "Kernel.org Branch Point" represents the point in the tree
+ where a supported base kernel is modified from the Linux kernel.
+ For example, this could be the branch point for the <filename>linux-yocto-3.19</filename>
+ kernel.
+ Thus, everything further to the right in the structure is based on the
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.19</filename> kernel.
+ Branch points to the right in the figure represent where the
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.19</filename> kernel is modified for specific hardware
+ or types of kernels, such as real-time kernels.
+ Each leaf thus represents the end-point for a kernel designed to run on a specific
+ targeted device.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The overall result is a Git-maintained repository from which all the supported
+ kernel types can be derived for all the supported devices.
+ A big advantage to this scheme is the sharing of common features by keeping them in
+ "larger" branches within the tree.
+ This practice eliminates redundant storage of similar features shared among kernels.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Keep in mind the figure does not take into account all the supported Yocto
+ Project kernel types, but rather shows a single generic kernel just for conceptual purposes.
+ Also keep in mind that this structure represents the Yocto Project source repositories
+ that are either pulled from during the build or established on the host development system
+ prior to the build by either cloning a particular kernel's Git repository or by
+ downloading and unpacking a tarball.
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ Upstream storage of all the available kernel source code is one thing, while
+ representing and using the code on your host development system is another.
+ Conceptually, you can think of the kernel source repositories as all the
+ source files necessary for all the supported kernels.
+ As a developer, you are just interested in the source files for the kernel on
+ which you are working.
+ And, furthermore, you need them available on your host system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Kernel source code is available on your host system a couple of different
+ ways.
+ If you are working in the kernel all the time, you probably would want
+ to set up your own local Git repository of the kernel tree.
+ If you just need to make some patches to the kernel, you can access
+ temporary kernel source files that were extracted and used
+ during a build.
+ We will just talk about working with the temporary source code.
+ For more information on how to get kernel source code onto your
+ host system, see the
+ "<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link>"
+ bulleted item earlier in the manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ What happens during the build?
+ When you build the kernel on your development system, all files needed for the build
+ are taken from the source repositories pointed to by the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink> variable
+ and gathered in a temporary work area
+ where they are subsequently used to create the unique kernel.
+ Thus, in a sense, the process constructs a local source tree specific to your
+ kernel to generate the new kernel image - a source generator if you will.
+ </para>
+ The following figure shows the temporary file structure
+ created on your host system when the build occurs.
+ This
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link> contains all the
+ source files used during the build.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-overview-2-generic.png"
+ width="6in" depth="5in" align="center" scale="100" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Again, for additional information on the Yocto Project kernel's
+ architecture and its branching strategy, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual</ulink>.
+ You can also reference the
+ "<link linkend='patching-the-kernel'>Patching the Kernel</link>"
+ section for a detailed example that modifies the kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='kernel-modification-workflow'>
+ <title>Kernel Modification Workflow</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This illustration and the following list summarizes the kernel modification general workflow.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-dev-flow.png"
+ width="6in" depth="5in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Set up your host development system to support
+ development using the Yocto Project</emphasis>: See
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#the-linux-distro'>The Linux Distribution</ulink>" and
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#packages'>The Build Host Packages</ulink>" sections both
+ in the Yocto Project Quick Start for requirements.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Establish a local copy of project files on your
+ system</emphasis>: Having the <link linkend='source-directory'>Source
+ Directory</link> on your system gives you access to the build process and tools
+ you need.
+ For information on how to get these files, see the bulleted item
+ "<link linkend='local-yp-release'>Yocto Project Release</link>" earlier in this manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Establish the temporary kernel source files</emphasis>:
+ Temporary kernel source files are kept in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>
+ created by the
+ OpenEmbedded build system when you run BitBake.
+ If you have never built the kernel in which you are
+ interested, you need to run an initial build to
+ establish local kernel source files.</para>
+ <para>If you are building an image for the first time, you need to get the build
+ environment ready by sourcing an environment setup script
+ (i.e. <filename>oe-init-build-env</filename> or
+ <filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename>).
+ You also need to be sure two key configuration files
+ (<filename>local.conf</filename> and <filename>bblayers.conf</filename>)
+ are configured appropriately.</para>
+ <para>The entire process for building an image is overviewed in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#qs-building-images'>Building Images</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Quick Start.
+ You might want to reference this information.
+ You can find more information on BitBake in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ <para>The build process supports several types of images to satisfy different needs.
+ See the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>" chapter in
+ the Yocto Project Reference Manual for information on supported images.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Make changes to the kernel source code if
+ applicable</emphasis>: Modifying the kernel does not always mean directly
+ changing source files.
+ However, if you have to do this, you make the changes to the files in the
+ Build Directory.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Make kernel configuration changes if applicable</emphasis>:
+ If your situation calls for changing the kernel's
+ configuration, you can use
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#generating-configuration-files'><filename>menuconfig</filename></ulink>,
+ which allows you to interactively develop and test the
+ configuration changes you are making to the kernel.
+ Saving changes you make with
+ <filename>menuconfig</filename> updates
+ the kernel's <filename>.config</filename> file.
+ <note><title>Warning</title>
+ Try to resist the temptation to directly edit an
+ existing <filename>.config</filename> file, which is
+ found in the Build Directory at
+ <filename>tmp/sysroots/<replaceable>machine-name</replaceable>/kernel</filename>.
+ Doing so, can produce unexpected results when the
+ OpenEmbedded build system regenerates the configuration
+ file.
+ </note>
+ Once you are satisfied with the configuration
+ changes made using <filename>menuconfig</filename>
+ and you have saved them, you can directly compare the
+ resulting <filename>.config</filename> file against an
+ existing original and gather those changes into a
+ <link linkend='creating-config-fragments'>configuration fragment file</link>
+ to be referenced from within the kernel's
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> file.</para>
+
+ <para>Additionally, if you are working in a BSP layer
+ and need to modify the BSP's kernel's configuration,
+ you can use the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#managing-kernel-patches-and-config-items-with-yocto-kernel'><filename>yocto-kernel</filename></ulink>
+ script as well as <filename>menuconfig</filename>.
+ The <filename>yocto-kernel</filename> script lets
+ you interactively set up kernel configurations.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Rebuild the kernel image with your changes</emphasis>:
+ Rebuilding the kernel image applies your changes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='application-development-workflow'>
+ <title>Application Development Workflow</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Application development involves creating an application that you want
+ to run on your target hardware, which is running a kernel image created using the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ The Yocto Project provides an
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#adt-intro'>Application Development Toolkit (ADT)</ulink>
+ and stand-alone
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#the-cross-development-toolchain'>cross-development toolchains</ulink>
+ that facilitate quick development and integration of your application into its runtime environment.
+ Using the ADT and toolchains, you can compile and link your application.
+ You can then deploy your application to the actual hardware or to the QEMU emulator for testing.
+ If you are familiar with the popular <trademark class='trade'>Eclipse</trademark> IDE,
+ you can use an Eclipse Yocto Plug-in to
+ allow you to develop, deploy, and test your application all from within Eclipse.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ While we strongly suggest using the ADT to develop your application, this option might not
+ be best for you.
+ If this is the case, you can still use pieces of the Yocto Project for your development process.
+ However, because the process can vary greatly, this manual does not provide detail on the process.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='workflow-using-the-adt-and-eclipse'>
+ <title>Workflow Using the ADT and <trademark class='trade'>Eclipse</trademark></title>
+
+ <para>
+ To help you understand how application development works using the ADT, this section
+ provides an overview of the general development process and a detailed example of the process
+ as it is used from within the Eclipse IDE.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following illustration and list summarize the application development general workflow.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/app-dev-flow.png"
+ width="7in" depth="8in" align="center" scale="100" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Prepare the host system for the Yocto Project</emphasis>:
+ See
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#detailed-supported-distros'>Supported Linux Distributions</ulink>"
+ and
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>Required Packages for the Host Development System</ulink>" sections both
+ in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for requirements.
+ In particular, be sure your host system has the
+ <filename>xterm</filename> package installed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Secure the Yocto Project kernel target image</emphasis>:
+ You must have a target kernel image that has been built using the OpenEmbedded
+ build system.</para>
+ <para>Depending on whether the Yocto Project has a pre-built image that matches your target
+ architecture and where you are going to run the image while you develop your application
+ (QEMU or real hardware), the area from which you get the image differs.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Download the image from
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_MACHINES_DL_URL;'><filename>machines</filename></ulink>
+ if your target architecture is supported and you are going to develop
+ and test your application on actual hardware.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Download the image from
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_QEMU_DL_URL;'>
+ <filename>machines/qemu</filename></ulink> if your target architecture is supported
+ and you are going to develop and test your application using the QEMU
+ emulator.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Build your image if you cannot find a pre-built image that matches
+ your target architecture.
+ If your target architecture is similar to a supported architecture, you can
+ modify the kernel image before you build it.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='patching-the-kernel'>Patching the Kernel</link>"
+ section for an example.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para>
+ <para>For information on pre-built kernel image naming schemes for images
+ that can run on the QEMU emulator, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#downloading-the-pre-built-linux-kernel'>Downloading the Pre-Built Linux Kernel</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Install the ADT</emphasis>:
+ The ADT provides a target-specific cross-development toolchain, the root filesystem,
+ the QEMU emulator, and other tools that can help you develop your application.
+ While it is possible to get these pieces separately, the ADT Installer provides an
+ easy, inclusive method.
+ You can get these pieces by running an ADT installer script, which is configurable.
+ For information on how to install the ADT, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-adt-installer'>Using the ADT Installer</ulink>"
+ section
+ in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>If applicable, secure the target root filesystem
+ and the Cross-development toolchain</emphasis>:
+ If you choose not to install the ADT using the ADT Installer,
+ you need to find and download the appropriate root filesystem and
+ the cross-development toolchain.</para>
+ <para>You can find the tarballs for the root filesystem in the same area used
+ for the kernel image.
+ Depending on the type of image you are running, the root filesystem you need differs.
+ For example, if you are developing an application that runs on an image that
+ supports Sato, you need to get a root filesystem that supports Sato.</para>
+ <para>You can find the cross-development toolchains at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_TOOLCHAIN_DL_URL;'><filename>toolchains</filename></ulink>.
+ Be sure to get the correct toolchain for your development host and your
+ target architecture.
+ See the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-an-existing-toolchain-tarball'>Using a Cross-Toolchain Tarball</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide for information
+ and the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#installing-the-toolchain'>Installing the Toolchain</ulink>"
+ in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide for information on finding and installing
+ the correct toolchain based on your host development system and your target
+ architecture.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create and build your application</emphasis>:
+ At this point, you need to have source files for your application.
+ Once you have the files, you can use the Eclipse IDE to import them and build the
+ project.
+ If you are not using Eclipse, you need to use the cross-development tools you have
+ installed to create the image.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Deploy the image with the application</emphasis>:
+ If you are using the Eclipse IDE, you can deploy your image to the hardware or to
+ QEMU through the project's preferences.
+ If you are not using the Eclipse IDE, then you need to deploy the application
+ to the hardware using other methods.
+ Or, if you are using QEMU, you need to use that tool and
+ load your image in for testing.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='dev-manual-qemu'>Using the Quick EMUlator (QEMU)</link>"
+ chapter for information on using QEMU.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Test and debug the application</emphasis>:
+ Once your application is deployed, you need to test it.
+ Within the Eclipse IDE, you can use the debugging environment along with the
+ set of user-space tools installed along with the ADT to debug your application.
+ Of course, the same user-space tools are available separately if you choose
+ not to use the Eclipse IDE.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='adt-eclipse'>
+ <title>Working Within Eclipse</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Eclipse IDE is a popular development environment and it fully
+ supports development using the Yocto Project.
+ <note>
+ This release of the Yocto Project supports both the Luna
+ and Kepler versions of the Eclipse IDE.
+ Thus, the following information provides setup information for
+ both versions.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you install and configure the Eclipse Yocto Project Plug-in
+ into the Eclipse IDE, you maximize your Yocto Project experience.
+ Installing and configuring the Plug-in results in an environment
+ that has extensions specifically designed to let you more easily
+ develop software.
+ These extensions allow for cross-compilation, deployment, and
+ execution of your output into a QEMU emulation session as well as
+ actual target hardware.
+ You can also perform cross-debugging and profiling.
+ The environment also supports a suite of tools that allows you
+ to perform remote profiling, tracing, collection of power data,
+ collection of latency data, and collection of performance data.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes how to install and configure the Eclipse IDE
+ Yocto Plug-in and how to use it to develop your application.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='setting-up-the-eclipse-ide'>
+ <title>Setting Up the Eclipse IDE</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To develop within the Eclipse IDE, you need to do the following:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Install the optimal version of the Eclipse
+ IDE.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Configure the Eclipse IDE.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Install the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Configure the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ <note>
+ Do not install Eclipse from your distribution's package
+ repository.
+ Be sure to install Eclipse from the official Eclipse
+ download site as directed in the next section.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='installing-eclipse-ide'>
+ <title>Installing the Eclipse IDE</title>
+
+ <para>
+ It is recommended that you have the Luna SR2 (4.4.2)
+ version of the Eclipse IDE installed on your development
+ system.
+ However, if you currently have the Kepler 4.3.2 version
+ installed and you do not want to upgrade the IDE, you can
+ configure Kepler to work with the Yocto Project.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not have the Luna SR2 (4.4.2) Eclipse IDE
+ installed, you can find the tarball at
+ <ulink url='&ECLIPSE_MAIN_URL;'></ulink>.
+ From that site, choose the appropriate download from the
+ "Eclipse IDE for C/C++ Developers".
+ This version contains the Eclipse Platform, the Java
+ Development Tools (JDT), and the Plug-in Development
+ Environment.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you have downloaded the tarball, extract it into a
+ clean directory.
+ For example, the following commands unpack and install the
+ downloaded Eclipse IDE tarball into a clean directory
+ using the default name <filename>eclipse</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~
+ $ tar -xzvf ~/Downloads/eclipse-cpp-luna-SR2-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='configuring-the-eclipse-ide'>
+ <title>Configuring the Eclipse IDE</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section presents the steps needed to configure the
+ Eclipse IDE.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before installing and configuring the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in,
+ you need to configure the Eclipse IDE.
+ Follow these general steps:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Start the Eclipse IDE.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Make sure you are in your Workbench and
+ select "Install New Software" from the "Help"
+ pull-down menu.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Select
+ <filename>Luna - &ECLIPSE_LUNA_URL;</filename>
+ from the "Work with:" pull-down menu.
+ <note>
+ For Kepler, select
+ <filename>Kepler - &ECLIPSE_KEPLER_URL;</filename>
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Expand the box next to "Linux Tools"
+ and select the
+ <filename>Linux Tools LTTng Tracer Control</filename>,
+ <filename>Linux Tools LTTng Userspace Analysis</filename>,
+ and
+ <filename>LTTng Kernel Analysis</filename> boxes.
+ If these selections do not appear in the list,
+ that means the items are already installed.
+ <note>
+ For Kepler, select
+ <filename>LTTng - Linux Tracing Toolkit</filename>
+ box.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Expand the box next to "Mobile and
+ Device Development" and select the following boxes.
+ Again, if any of the following items are not
+ available for selection, that means the items are
+ already installed:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>C/C++ Remote Launch (Requires RSE Remote System Explorer)</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>Remote System Explorer End-user Runtime</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>Remote System Explorer User Actions</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>Target Management Terminal (Core SDK)</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>TCF Remote System Explorer add-in</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>TCF Target Explorer</filename></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Expand the box next to "Programming
+ Languages" and select the
+ <filename>C/C++ Autotools Support</filename>
+ and <filename>C/C++ Development Tools</filename>
+ boxes.
+ For Luna, these items do not appear on the list
+ as they are already installed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Complete the installation and restart
+ the Eclipse IDE.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='installing-the-eclipse-yocto-plug-in'>
+ <title>Installing or Accessing the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can install the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in into the Eclipse
+ IDE one of two ways: use the Yocto Project's Eclipse
+ Update site to install the pre-built plug-in or build and
+ install the plug-in from the latest source code.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='new-software'>
+ <title>Installing the Pre-built Plug-in from the Yocto Project Eclipse Update Site</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To install the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in from the update
+ site, follow these steps:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Start up the Eclipse IDE.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>In Eclipse, select "Install New
+ Software" from the "Help" menu.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "Add..." in the "Work with:"
+ area.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Enter
+ <filename>&ECLIPSE_DL_PLUGIN_URL;/luna</filename>
+ in the URL field and provide a meaningful name
+ in the "Name" field.
+ <note>
+ If you are using Kepler, use
+ <filename>&ECLIPSE_DL_PLUGIN_URL;/kepler</filename>
+ in the URL field.
+ </note></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "OK" to have the entry added
+ to the "Work with:" drop-down list.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Select the entry for the plug-in
+ from the "Work with:" drop-down list.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Check the boxes next to
+ <filename>Yocto Project ADT Plug-in</filename>,
+ <filename>Yocto Project Bitbake Commander Plug-in</filename>,
+ and
+ <filename>Yocto Project Documentation plug-in</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Complete the remaining software
+ installation steps and then restart the Eclipse
+ IDE to finish the installation of the plug-in.
+ <note>
+ You can click "OK" when prompted about
+ installing software that contains unsigned
+ content.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='zip-file-method'>
+ <title>Installing the Plug-in Using the Latest Source Code</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To install the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in from the latest
+ source code, follow these steps:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Be sure your development system
+ is not using OpenJDK to build the plug-in
+ by doing the following:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Use the Oracle JDK.
+ If you don't have that, go to
+ <ulink url='http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html'></ulink>
+ and download the latest appropriate
+ Java SE Development Kit tarball for
+ your development system and
+ extract it into your home directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>In the shell you are going
+ to do your work, export the location of
+ the Oracle Java.
+ The previous step creates a new folder
+ for the extracted software.
+ You need to use the following
+ <filename>export</filename> command
+ and provide the specific location:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ export PATH=~/<replaceable>extracted_jdk_location</replaceable>/bin:$PATH
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>In the same shell, create a Git
+ repository with:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/eclipse-poky
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Be sure to checkout the correct
+ tag.
+ For example, if you are using Luna, do the
+ following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git checkout luna/yocto-1.8
+ </literallayout>
+ This puts you in a detached HEAD state, which
+ is fine since you are only going to be building
+ and not developing.
+ <note>
+ If you are building kepler, checkout the
+ <filename>kepler/yocto-1.8</filename>
+ branch.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Change to the
+ <filename>scripts</filename>
+ directory within the Git repository:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd scripts
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Set up the local build environment
+ by running the setup script:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ./setup.sh
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>When the script finishes execution,
+ it prompts you with instructions on how to run
+ the <filename>build.sh</filename> script, which
+ is also in the <filename>scripts</filename>
+ directory of the Git repository created
+ earlier.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Run the <filename>build.sh</filename>
+ script as directed.
+ Be sure to provide the tag name, documentation
+ branch, and a release name.
+ Here is an example that uses the
+ <filename>luna/yocto-1.8</filename> tag, the
+ <filename>master</filename> documentation
+ branch, and
+ <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> for the
+ release name:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ECLIPSE_HOME=/home/scottrif/eclipse-poky/scripts/eclipse ./build.sh luna/yocto-1.8 master &DISTRO_NAME; 2>&1 | tee -a build.log
+ </literallayout>
+ After running the script, the file
+ <filename>org.yocto.sdk-</filename><replaceable>release</replaceable><filename>-</filename><replaceable>date</replaceable><filename>-archive.zip</filename>
+ is in the current directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>If necessary, start the Eclipse IDE
+ and be sure you are in the Workbench.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Select "Install New Software" from
+ the "Help" pull-down menu.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "Add".</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Provide anything you want in the
+ "Name" field.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "Archive" and browse to the
+ ZIP file you built in step eight.
+ This ZIP file should not be "unzipped", and must
+ be the <filename>*archive.zip</filename> file
+ created by running the
+ <filename>build.sh</filename> script.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click the "OK" button.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Check the boxes that appear in
+ the installation window to install the
+ <filename>Yocto Project ADT Plug-in</filename>,
+ <filename>Yocto Project Bitbake Commander Plug-in</filename>,
+ and the
+ <filename>Yocto Project Documentation plug-in</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Finish the installation by clicking
+ through the appropriate buttons.
+ You can click "OK" when prompted about
+ installing software that contains unsigned
+ content.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Restart the Eclipse IDE if
+ necessary.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ At this point you should be able to configure the
+ Eclipse Yocto Plug-in as described in the
+ "<link linkend='configuring-the-eclipse-yocto-plug-in'>Configuring the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in</link>"
+ section.</para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='configuring-the-eclipse-yocto-plug-in'>
+ <title>Configuring the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Configuring the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in involves setting the
+ Cross Compiler options and the Target options.
+ The configurations you choose become the default settings
+ for all projects.
+ You do have opportunities to change them later when
+ you configure the project (see the following section).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To start, you need to do the following from within the
+ Eclipse IDE:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Choose "Preferences" from the
+ "Window" menu to display the Preferences Dialog.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "Yocto Project ADT" to display
+ the configuration screen.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='configuring-the-cross-compiler-options'>
+ <title>Configuring the Cross-Compiler Options</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To configure the Cross Compiler Options, you must select
+ the type of toolchain, point to the toolchain, specify
+ the sysroot location, and select the target
+ architecture.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Selecting the Toolchain Type:</emphasis>
+ Choose between
+ <filename>Standalone pre-built toolchain</filename>
+ and
+ <filename>Build system derived toolchain</filename>
+ for Cross Compiler Options.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <filename>Standalone Pre-built Toolchain:</filename></emphasis>
+ Select this mode when you are using
+ a stand-alone cross-toolchain.
+ For example, suppose you are an
+ application developer and do not
+ need to build a target image.
+ Instead, you just want to use an
+ architecture-specific toolchain on
+ an existing kernel and target root
+ filesystem.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <filename>Build System Derived Toolchain:</filename></emphasis>
+ Select this mode if the
+ cross-toolchain has been installed
+ and built as part of the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ When you select
+ <filename>Build system derived toolchain</filename>,
+ you are using the toolchain bundled
+ inside the Build Directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Point to the Toolchain:</emphasis>
+ If you are using a stand-alone pre-built
+ toolchain, you should be pointing to where it is
+ installed.
+ If you used the ADT Installer script and
+ accepted the default installation directory, the
+ toolchain will be installed in the
+ <filename>&YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR;</filename>
+ directory.
+ Sections "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#configuring-and-running-the-adt-installer-script'>Configuring and Running the ADT Installer Script</ulink>"
+ and
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-an-existing-toolchain-tarball'>Using a Cross-Toolchain Tarball</ulink>"
+ in the Yocto Project Application Developer's
+ Guide describe how to install a stand-alone
+ cross-toolchain.</para>
+ <para>If you are using a system-derived
+ toolchain, the path you provide for the
+ <filename>Toolchain Root Location</filename>
+ field is the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-toolchain-from-within-the-build-tree'>Using BitBake and the Build Directory</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application
+ Developer's Guide for information on how to
+ install the toolchain into the Build
+ Directory.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Specify the Sysroot Location:</emphasis>
+ This location is where the root filesystem for
+ the target hardware resides.
+ If you used the ADT Installer script and
+ accepted the default installation directory,
+ then the location in your home directory
+ in a folder named
+ <filename>test-yocto/</filename><replaceable>target_arch</replaceable>.
+ Additionally, when you use the ADT Installer
+ script, the
+ <filename>/opt/poky/&DISTRO;/sysroots</filename>
+ location is used for the QEMU
+ user-space tools and the NFS boot process.
+ </para>
+ <para>If you used either of the other two
+ methods to install the toolchain or did not
+ accept the ADT Installer script's default
+ installation directory, then the location of
+ the sysroot filesystem depends on where you
+ separately extracted and installed the
+ filesystem.</para>
+ <para>For information on how to install the
+ toolchain and on how to extract and install the
+ sysroot filesystem, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#installing-the-adt'>Installing the ADT and Toolchains</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application
+ Developer's Guide.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Select the Target Architecture:</emphasis>
+ The target architecture is the type of hardware
+ you are going to use or emulate.
+ Use the pull-down
+ <filename>Target Architecture</filename> menu
+ to make your selection.
+ The pull-down menu should have the supported
+ architectures.
+ If the architecture you need is not listed in
+ the menu, you will need to build the image.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#qs-building-images'>Building Images</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Quick Start for
+ more information.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='configuring-the-target-options'>
+ <title>Configuring the Target Options</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can choose to emulate hardware using the QEMU
+ emulator, or you can choose to run your image on actual
+ hardware.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>QEMU:</emphasis>
+ Select this option if you will be using the
+ QEMU emulator.
+ If you are using the emulator, you also need to
+ locate the kernel and specify any custom
+ options.</para>
+ <para>If you selected
+ <filename>Build system derived toolchain</filename>,
+ the target kernel you built will be located in
+ the Build Directory in
+ <filename>tmp/deploy/images/<replaceable>machine</replaceable></filename>
+ directory.
+ If you selected
+ <filename>Standalone pre-built toolchain</filename>,
+ the pre-built image you downloaded is located
+ in the directory you specified when you
+ downloaded the image.</para>
+ <para>Most custom options are for advanced QEMU
+ users to further customize their QEMU instance.
+ These options are specified between paired
+ angled brackets.
+ Some options must be specified outside the
+ brackets.
+ In particular, the options
+ <filename>serial</filename>,
+ <filename>nographic</filename>, and
+ <filename>kvm</filename> must all be outside the
+ brackets.
+ Use the <filename>man qemu</filename> command
+ to get help on all the options and their use.
+ The following is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ serial ‘<-m 256 -full-screen>’
+ </literallayout></para>
+ <para>
+ Regardless of the mode, Sysroot is already
+ defined as part of the Cross-Compiler Options
+ configuration in the
+ <filename>Sysroot Location:</filename> field.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>External HW:</emphasis>
+ Select this option if you will be using actual
+ hardware.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Click the "OK" to save your plug-in configurations.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='creating-the-project'>
+ <title>Creating the Project</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can create two types of projects: Autotools-based, or
+ Makefile-based.
+ This section describes how to create Autotools-based projects
+ from within the Eclipse IDE.
+ For information on creating Makefile-based projects in a
+ terminal window, see the section
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-command-line'>Using the Command Line</ulink>"
+ in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ <note>
+ Do not use special characters in project names
+ (e.g. spaces, underscores, etc.). Doing so can
+ cause configuration to fail.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To create a project based on a Yocto template and then display
+ the source code, follow these steps:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Select "Project" from the "File -> New" menu.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Double click <filename>CC++</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Double click <filename>C Project</filename>
+ to create the project.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Expand <filename>Yocto Project ADT Autotools Project</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Select <filename>Hello World ANSI C Autotools Project</filename>.
+ This is an Autotools-based project based on a Yocto
+ template.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Put a name in the <filename>Project name:</filename>
+ field.
+ Do not use hyphens as part of the name.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "Next".</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Add information in the
+ <filename>Author</filename> and
+ <filename>Copyright notice</filename> fields.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Be sure the <filename>License</filename>
+ field is correct.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "Finish".</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>If the "open perspective" prompt appears,
+ click "Yes" so that you in the C/C++ perspective.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The left-hand navigation pane shows your
+ project.
+ You can display your source by double clicking the
+ project's source file.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='configuring-the-cross-toolchains'>
+ <title>Configuring the Cross-Toolchains</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The earlier section,
+ "<link linkend='configuring-the-eclipse-yocto-plug-in'>Configuring the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in</link>",
+ sets up the default project configurations.
+ You can override these settings for a given project by following
+ these steps:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Select "Change Yocto Project Settings" from
+ the "Project" menu.
+ This selection brings up the Yocto Project Settings
+ Dialog and allows you to make changes specific to an
+ individual project.</para>
+ <para>By default, the Cross Compiler Options and Target
+ Options for a project are inherited from settings you
+ provided using the Preferences Dialog as described
+ earlier in the
+ "<link linkend='configuring-the-eclipse-yocto-plug-in'>Configuring the Eclipse Yocto Plug-in</link>" section.
+ The Yocto Project Settings Dialog allows you to override
+ those default settings for a given project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Make your configurations for the project
+ and click "OK".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Right-click in the navigation pane and
+ select "Reconfigure Project" from the pop-up menu.
+ This selection reconfigures the project by running
+ <filename>autogen.sh</filename> in the workspace for
+ your project.
+ The script also runs <filename>libtoolize</filename>,
+ <filename>aclocal</filename>,
+ <filename>autoconf</filename>,
+ <filename>autoheader</filename>,
+ <filename>automake --a</filename>, and
+ <filename>./configure</filename>.
+ Click on the "Console" tab beneath your source code to
+ see the results of reconfiguring your project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='building-the-project'>
+ <title>Building the Project</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To build the project select "Build Project" from the
+ "Project" menu.
+ The console should update and you can note the cross-compiler
+ you are using.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='starting-qemu-in-user-space-nfs-mode'>
+ <title>Starting QEMU in User-Space NFS Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To start the QEMU emulator from within Eclipse, follow these
+ steps:
+ <note>
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='dev-manual-qemu'>Using the Quick EMUlator (QEMU)</link>"
+ chapter for more information on using QEMU.
+ </note>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Expose and select "External Tools" from
+ the "Run" menu.
+ Your image should appear as a selectable menu item.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Select your image from the menu to launch
+ the emulator in a new window.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>If needed, enter your host root password in
+ the shell window at the prompt.
+ This sets up a <filename>Tap 0</filename> connection
+ needed for running in user-space NFS mode.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Wait for QEMU to launch.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Once QEMU launches, you can begin operating
+ within that environment.
+ One useful task at this point would be to determine the
+ IP Address for the user-space NFS by using the
+ <filename>ifconfig</filename> command.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='deploying-and-debugging-the-application'>
+ <title>Deploying and Debugging the Application</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once the QEMU emulator is running the image, you can deploy
+ your application using the Eclipse IDE and then use
+ the emulator to perform debugging.
+ Follow these steps to deploy the application.
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Select "Debug Configurations..." from the
+ "Run" menu.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>In the left area, expand
+ <filename>C/C++Remote Application</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Locate your project and select it to bring
+ up a new tabbed view in the Debug Configurations Dialog.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Enter the absolute path into which you want
+ to deploy the application.
+ Use the "Remote Absolute File Path for
+ C/C++Application:" field.
+ For example, enter
+ <filename>/usr/bin/<replaceable>programname</replaceable></filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click on the "Debugger" tab to see the
+ cross-tool debugger you are using.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click on the "Main" tab.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Create a new connection to the QEMU instance
+ by clicking on "new".</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Select <filename>TCF</filename>, which means
+ Target Communication Framework.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "Next".</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Clear out the "host name" field and enter
+ the IP Address determined earlier.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "Finish" to close the
+ New Connections Dialog.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Use the drop-down menu now in the
+ "Connection" field and pick the IP Address you entered.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "Debug" to bring up a login screen
+ and login.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Accept the debug perspective.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='running-user-space-tools'>
+ <title>Running User-Space Tools</title>
+
+ <para>
+ As mentioned earlier in the manual, several tools exist that
+ enhance your development experience.
+ These tools are aids in developing and debugging applications
+ and images.
+ You can run these user-space tools from within the Eclipse
+ IDE through the "YoctoProjectTools" menu.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you pick a tool, you need to configure it for the remote
+ target.
+ Every tool needs to have the connection configured.
+ You must select an existing TCF-based RSE connection to the
+ remote target.
+ If one does not exist, click "New" to create one.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some specifics about the remote tools:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>OProfile</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Selecting this tool causes the
+ <filename>oprofile-server</filename> on the remote
+ target to launch on the local host machine.
+ The <filename>oprofile-viewer</filename> must be
+ installed on the local host machine and the
+ <filename>oprofile-server</filename> must be installed
+ on the remote target, respectively, in order to use.
+ You must compile and install the
+ <filename>oprofile-viewer</filename> from the source
+ code on your local host machine.
+ Furthermore, in order to convert the target's sample
+ format data into a form that the host can use, you must
+ have OProfile version 0.9.4 or greater installed on the
+ host.</para>
+ <para>You can locate both the viewer and server from
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi/oprofileui/'></ulink>.
+ You can also find more information on setting up and
+ using this tool in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;#profile-manual-oprofile'>oprofile</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing
+ Manual.
+ <note>The <filename>oprofile-server</filename> is
+ installed by default on the
+ <filename>core-image-sato-sdk</filename> image.</note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>Lttng2.0 trace import</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Selecting this tool transfers the remote target's
+ <filename>Lttng</filename> tracing data back to the
+ local host machine and uses the Lttng Eclipse plug-in
+ to graphically display the output.
+ For information on how to use Lttng to trace an
+ application,
+ see <ulink url='http://lttng.org/documentation'></ulink>
+ and the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;#lttng-linux-trace-toolkit-next-generation'>LTTng (Linux Trace Toolkit, next generation)</ulink>"
+ section, which is in the Yocto Project Profiling and
+ Tracing Manual.
+ <note>Do not use
+ <filename>Lttng-user space (legacy)</filename> tool.
+ This tool no longer has any upstream support.</note>
+ </para>
+ <para>Before you use the
+ <filename>Lttng2.0 trace import</filename> tool,
+ you need to setup the Lttng Eclipse plug-in and create a
+ Tracing project.
+ Do the following:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Select "Open Perspective" from the
+ "Window" menu and then select "Other..." to
+ bring up a menu of other perspectives.
+ Choose "Tracing".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "OK" to change the Eclipse
+ perspective into the Tracing perspective.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Create a new Tracing project by
+ selecting "Project" from the "File -> New" menu.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Choose "Tracing Project" from the
+ "Tracing" menu and click "Next".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Provide a name for your tracing
+ project and click "Finish".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Generate your tracing data on the
+ remote target.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Select "Lttng2.0 trace import"
+ from the "Yocto Project Tools" menu to
+ start the data import process.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Specify your remote connection name.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>For the Ust directory path, specify
+ the location of your remote tracing data.
+ Make sure the location ends with
+ <filename>ust</filename> (e.g.
+ <filename>/usr/mysession/ust</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Click "OK" to complete the import
+ process.
+ The data is now in the local tracing project
+ you created.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Right click on the data and then use
+ the menu to Select "Generic CTF Trace" from the
+ "Trace Type... -> Common Trace Format" menu to
+ map the tracing type.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Right click the mouse and select
+ "Open" to bring up the Eclipse Lttng Trace
+ Viewer so you view the tracing data.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>PowerTOP</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Selecting this tool runs PowerTOP on the remote target
+ machine and displays the results in a new view called
+ PowerTOP.</para>
+ <para>The "Time to gather data(sec):" field is the time
+ passed in seconds before data is gathered from the
+ remote target for analysis.</para>
+ <para>The "show pids in wakeups list:" field corresponds
+ to the <filename>-p</filename> argument passed to
+ <filename>PowerTOP</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>LatencyTOP and Perf</filename>:</emphasis>
+ LatencyTOP identifies system latency, while
+ Perf monitors the system's performance counter
+ registers.
+ Selecting either of these tools causes an RSE terminal
+ view to appear from which you can run the tools.
+ Both tools refresh the entire screen to display results
+ while they run.
+ For more information on setting up and using
+ <filename>perf</filename>, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;#profile-manual-perf'>perf</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing
+ Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>SystemTap</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Systemtap is a tool that lets you create and reuse
+ scripts to examine the activities of a live Linux
+ system.
+ You can easily extract, filter, and summarize data
+ that helps you diagnose complex performance or
+ functional problems.
+ For more information on setting up and using
+ <filename>SystemTap</filename>, see the
+ <ulink url='https://sourceware.org/systemtap/documentation.html'>SystemTap Documentation</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>yocto-bsp</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The <filename>yocto-bsp</filename> tool lets you
+ quickly set up a Board Support Package (BSP) layer.
+ The tool requires a Metadata location, build location,
+ BSP name, BSP output location, and a kernel
+ architecture.
+ For more information on the
+ <filename>yocto-bsp</filename> tool outside of Eclipse,
+ see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'>Creating a new BSP Layer Using the yocto-bsp Script</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Package
+ (BSP) Developer's Guide.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='workflow-using-stand-alone-cross-development-toolchains'>
+ <title>Workflow Using Stand-Alone Cross-Development Toolchains</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you want to develop an application without prior installation
+ of the ADT, you still can employ the
+ <link linkend='cross-development-toolchain'>Cross Development Toolchain</link>,
+ the QEMU emulator, and a number of supported target image files.
+ You just need to follow these general steps:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Install the cross-development
+ toolchain for your target hardware:</emphasis>
+ For information on how to install the toolchain, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-an-existing-toolchain-tarball'>Using a Cross-Toolchain Tarball</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's
+ Guide.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Download the Target Image:</emphasis>
+ The Yocto Project supports several target architectures
+ and has many pre-built kernel images and root filesystem
+ images.</para>
+ <para>If you are going to develop your application on
+ hardware, go to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_MACHINES_DL_URL;'><filename>machines</filename></ulink>
+ download area and choose a target machine area
+ from which to download the kernel image and root filesystem.
+ This download area could have several files in it that
+ support development using actual hardware.
+ For example, the area might contain
+ <filename>.hddimg</filename> files that combine the
+ kernel image with the filesystem, boot loaders, and
+ so forth.
+ Be sure to get the files you need for your particular
+ development process.</para>
+ <para>If you are going to develop your application and
+ then run and test it using the QEMU emulator, go to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_QEMU_DL_URL;'><filename>machines/qemu</filename></ulink>
+ download area.
+ From this area, go down into the directory for your
+ target architecture (e.g. <filename>qemux86_64</filename>
+ for an <trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark>-based
+ 64-bit architecture).
+ Download kernel, root filesystem, and any other files you
+ need for your process.
+ <note>In order to use the root filesystem in QEMU, you
+ need to extract it.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#extracting-the-root-filesystem'>Extracting the Root Filesystem</ulink>"
+ section for information on how to extract the root
+ filesystem.</note></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Develop and Test your
+ Application:</emphasis> At this point, you have the tools
+ to develop your application.
+ If you need to separately install and use the QEMU
+ emulator, you can go to
+ <ulink url='http://wiki.qemu.org/Main_Page'>QEMU Home Page</ulink>
+ to download and learn about the emulator.
+ You can see the
+ "<link linkend='dev-manual-qemu'>Using the Quick EMUlator (QEMU)</link>"
+ chapter for information on using QEMU within the Yocto
+ Project.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="dev-modifying-source-code">
+ <title>Modifying Source Code</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A common development workflow consists of modifying project source
+ files that are external to the Yocto Project and then integrating
+ that project's build output into an image built using the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ Given this scenario, development engineers typically want to stick
+ to their familiar project development tools and methods, which allows
+ them to just focus on the project.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Several workflows exist that allow you to develop, build, and test
+ code that is going to be integrated into an image built using the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ This section describes two:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>devtool</filename>:</emphasis>
+ A set of tools to aid in working on the source code built by
+ the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ Section
+ "<link linkend='using-devtool-in-your-workflow'>Using <filename>devtool</filename> in Your Workflow</link>"
+ describes this workflow.
+ If you want more information that showcases the workflow, click
+ <ulink url='https://drive.google.com/a/linaro.org/file/d/0B3KGzY5fW7laTDVxUXo3UDRvd2s/view'>here</ulink>
+ for an excellent presentation by Trevor Woerner that
+ provides detailed background information and a complete
+ working tutorial.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><ulink url='http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/quilt'>Quilt</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ A powerful tool that allows you to capture source
+ code changes without having a clean source tree.
+ While Quilt is not the preferred workflow of the two, this
+ section includes it for users that are committed to using
+ the tool.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='using-a-quilt-workflow'>Using Quilt in Your Workflow</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='using-devtool-in-your-workflow'>
+ <title>Using <filename>devtool</filename> in Your Workflow</title>
+
+ <para>
+ As mentioned earlier, <filename>devtool</filename> helps
+ you easily develop projects whose build output must be part of
+ an image built using the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ The remainder of this section presents the workflow you would
+ use that includes <filename>devtool</filename>.
+ <footnote>
+ <para>
+ Kudos and thanks to
+ <ulink url='mailto:twoerner@gmail.com'>Trevor Woerner</ulink>
+ whose
+ "<ulink url='https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3KGzY5fW7laTDVxUXo3UDRvd2s/view'>Yocto Project Developer Workflow Tutorial</ulink>"
+ paper contributed nicely towards the development of this
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </footnote>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The steps in this section assume you have a previously built
+ image that is already either running in QEMU or running on actual
+ hardware.
+ Also, it is assumed that for deployment of the image to the
+ target, SSH is installed in the image and if the image is running
+ on real hardware that you have network access to and from your
+ development machine.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='update-your-external-source'>
+ <title>Update Your External Source</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Part of the development flow using
+ <filename>devtool</filename> of course involves updating
+ your source files.
+ Several opportunities exist in the workflow to extract and
+ work on the files.
+ For now, just realize that you need to be able to have
+ access to and edit files.
+ One obvious solution is to initially extract the code into an
+ isolated area in preparation for modification.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option is to use the
+ <filename>devtool modify</filename> command.
+ This command makes use of a "workspace" layer where much of
+ the transitional work occurs, which is needed for setting up
+ Metadata used by the OpenEmbedded build system that lets you
+ build your software.
+ Options (i.e. "-x") exist using <filename>devtool</filename>
+ that enable you to use the tool to extract source code.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='use-devtool-to-integrate-your-code-with-the-image'>
+ <title>Use <filename>devtool add</filename> to Integrate Your Code with the Image</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>devtool add</filename> command automatically
+ generates the needed Metadata that allows the OpenEmbedded
+ build system to build your code into the image.
+ <note>
+ If a package or packages produced by the recipe on which
+ you are working are not already in
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename></ulink>
+ for the image, you must add them.
+ The <filename>devtool add</filename> command does not
+ add them for you.
+ </note>
+ Use the following command form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool add <replaceable>your-project-name</replaceable> <replaceable>path-to-source</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Running <filename>devtool</filename> for the first time
+ creates a workspace layer through the
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file that
+ is based on your project's location:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>path-to-source</replaceable>/<replaceable>build-directory</replaceable>/<replaceable>workspace-layer</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ By default, the name of the workspace layer is "workspace".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For details on the workspace layer created in the
+ <replaceable>build-directory</replaceable>,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='devtool-adding-a-new-recipe-to-the-workspace'>Adding a New Recipe to the Workspace Layer</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+<!--
+ <para>
+ Of course, each layer must have a
+ <filename>layer.conf</filename> configuration file.
+ <filename>devtool</filename> also creates this configuration
+ file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cat workspace/conf/layer.conf
+ # ### workspace layer autogenerated by devtool ###
+ BBPATH =. "${LAYERDIR}:"
+ BBFILES += "${LAYERDIR}/recipes/*/*.bb \
+ ${LAYERDIR}/appends/*.bbappend"
+ BBFILE_COLLECTIONS += "workspacelayer"
+ BBFILE_PATTERN_workspacelayer = "^${LAYERDIR}/"
+ BBFILE_PATTERN_IGNORE_EMPTY_workspacelayer = "1"
+ BBFILE_PRIORITY_workspacelayer = "99"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+-->
+
+ <para>
+ Running <filename>devtool add</filename> automatically
+ generates your recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cat workspace/recipes/<replaceable>your-project-name</replaceable>/<replaceable>your-project-name</replaceable>.bb
+ # Recipe created by recipetool
+ # This is the basis of a recipe and may need further editing in order to be fully functional.
+ # (Feel free to remove these comments when editing.)
+ #
+ # Unable to find any files that looked like license statements. Check the accompanying
+ # documentation and source headers and set LICENSE and LIC_FILES_CHKSUM accordingly.
+ LICENSE = "CLOSED"
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = ""
+
+ # No information for SRC_URI yet (only an external source tree was
+ # specified)
+ SRC_URI = ""
+
+ DEPENDS = "libx11"
+ # NOTE: if this software is not capable of being built in a separate build directory
+ # from the source, you should replace autotools with autotools-brokensep in the
+ # inherit line
+ inherit autotools
+
+ # Specify any options you want to pass to the configure script using EXTRA_OECONF:
+ EXTRA_OECONF = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Lastly, the <filename>devtool add</filename> command creates the
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cat workspace/appends/<replaceable>your-project-name</replaceable>.bbappend
+ inherit externalsrc
+ EXTERNALSRC = "/<replaceable>path-to-source</replaceable>/<replaceable>your-project-name</replaceable>"
+
+ # initial_rev: <replaceable>commit-ID</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='build-your-project'>
+ <title>Build Your Project</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use BitBake or <filename>devtool build</filename> to
+ build your modified project.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use BitBake, use the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake <replaceable>your-project-name</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ Alternatively, you can use
+ <filename>devtool build</filename>, which is equivalent to
+ <filename>bitbake -c populate_sysroot</filename>.
+ For example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool build <replaceable>your-project-name</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+<!--
+ <section id='dev-build-the-image'>
+ <title>Build the Image</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The final step before testing is to rebuild the base image
+ with your project changes as part of the image.
+ Simply run BitBake again on your image.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake <replaceable>image</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='dev-testing-the-image'>
+ <title>Testing the Image</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you have the image, you can test it using QEMU.
+ Here is an example assuming "qemux86":
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ runqemu qemux86 <replaceable>image</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ For information on how to test an image using QEMU, see the
+ "<link linkend='dev-manual-qemu'>Using the Quick EMUlator (QEMU)</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+-->
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='devtool-quick-reference'>
+ <title><filename>devtool</filename> Quick Reference</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>devtool</filename> has more functionality than simply
+ adding a new recipe and the supporting Metadata to a temporary
+ workspace layer.
+ This section provides a short reference on
+ <filename>devtool</filename> for most of the commands.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='devtool-getting-help'>
+ <title>Getting Help</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The easiest way to get help with the
+ <filename>devtool</filename> command is using the
+ <filename>--help</filename> option:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool --help
+ usage: devtool [-h] [--basepath BASEPATH] [-d] [-q] [--color COLOR]
+ <subcommand> ...
+
+ OpenEmbedded development tool
+
+ optional arguments:
+ -h, --help show this help message and exit
+ --basepath BASEPATH Base directory of SDK / build directory
+ -d, --debug Enable debug output
+ -q, --quiet Print only errors
+ --color COLOR Colorize output (where COLOR is auto, always, never)
+
+ subcommands:
+ <subcommand>
+ create-workspace Set up a workspace
+ deploy-target Deploy recipe output files to live target machine
+ undeploy-target Undeploy recipe output files in live target machine
+ add Add a new recipe
+ modify Modify the source for an existing recipe
+ extract Extract the source for an existing recipe
+ update-recipe Apply changes from external source tree to recipe
+ status Show workspace status
+ build Build a recipe
+ reset Remove a recipe from your workspace
+
+ Use devtool <subcommand> --help to get help on a specific command
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As directed in the general help output, you can get more
+ syntax on a specific command by providing the command
+ name and using <filename>--help</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool add --help
+ usage: devtool add [-h] [--same-dir] [--fetch URI] [--version VERSION]
+ recipename srctree
+
+ Adds a new recipe
+
+ positional arguments:
+ recipename Name for new recipe to add
+ srctree Path to external source tree
+
+ optional arguments:
+ -h, --help show this help message and exit
+ --same-dir, -s Build in same directory as source
+ --fetch URI, -f URI Fetch the specified URI and extract it to create the
+ source tree
+ --version VERSION, -V VERSION
+ Version to use within recipe (PV)
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='devtool-adding-a-new-recipe-to-the-workspace'>
+ <title>Adding a New Recipe to the Workspace Layer</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the <filename>devtool add</filename> command to add a new recipe
+ to the workspace layer.
+ The recipe you add should not exist -
+ <filename>devtool</filename> creates it for you.
+ The source files the recipe uses should exist in an external
+ area.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following example creates and adds a new recipe named
+ <filename>jackson</filename> to the workspace layer.
+ The source code built by the recipes resides in
+ <filename>/home/scottrif/sources/jackson</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool add jackson /home/scottrif/sources/jackson
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ For complete syntax, use the
+ <filename>devtool add --help</filename> command.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you add a recipe and the workspace layer does not exist,
+ the command creates the layer and populates it as follows:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/build-workspace-directory.png"
+ width="6in" depth="4in" align="center" scale="100" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ README - Provides information on what is in workspace layer and how to
+ manage it.
+
+ appends - A directory that contains *.bbappend files, which point to
+ external source.
+
+ conf - A configuration directory that contains the layer.conf file.
+
+ recipes - A directory containing recipes. This directory contains a
+ folder for each directory added whose name matches that of the
+ added recipe. devtool places the <replaceable>recipe</replaceable>.bb file
+ within that sub-directory.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Running <filename>devtool add</filename> when the
+ workspace layer exists causes the tool to add the recipe
+ and append files into the existing workspace layer.
+ The <filename>.bbappend</filename> file is created to point
+ to the external source tree.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='devtool-modifying-a-recipe'>
+ <title>Modifying an Existing Recipe</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the <filename>devtool modify</filename> command to begin
+ modifying the source of an existing recipe.
+ This command is very similar to the
+ <link linkend='devtool-adding-a-new-recipe-to-the-workspace'><filename>add</filename></link>
+ command except that it does not physically create the
+ recipe in the workspace layer because the recipe already
+ exists in an another layer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>devtool modify</filename> command extracts the
+ source for a recipe, sets it up as a Git repository if the
+ source had not already been fetched from Git, checks out a
+ branch for development, and applies any patches from the recipe
+ as commits on top.
+ You can use the following command to checkout the source
+ files:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool modify -x <replaceable>recipe</replaceable> <replaceable>path-to-source</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ Using the above command form, the default development branch
+ would be "devtool".
+ <note>
+ For complete syntax, use the
+ <filename>devtool modify --help</filename> command.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='devtool-updating-a-recipe'>
+ <title>Updating a Recipe</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the <filename>devtool update-recipe</filename> command to
+ update your recipe with patches that reflect changes you make
+ to the source files.
+ For example, if you know you are going to work on some
+ code, you could first use the
+ <link linkend='devtool-modifying-a-recipe'><filename>devtool modify</filename></link>
+ command to extract the code and set up the workspace.
+ After which, you could modify, compile, and test the code.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you are satisfied with the results and you have committed
+ your changes to the Git repository, you can then
+ run the <filename>devtool update-recipe</filename> to create the
+ patches and update the recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool update-recipe <replaceable>recipe</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ If you run the <filename>devtool update-recipe</filename>
+ without committing your changes, the command ignores the
+ changes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Often, you might want to apply customizations made to your
+ software in your own layer rather than apply them to the
+ original recipe.
+ If so, you can use the
+ <filename>-a</filename> or <filename>--append</filename>
+ option with the <filename>devtool update-recipe</filename>
+ command.
+ These options allow you to specify the layer into which to
+ write an append file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool update-recipe <replaceable>recipe</replaceable> -a <replaceable>base-layer-directory</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>*.bbappend</filename> file is created at the
+ appropriate path within the specified layer directory, which
+ may or may not be in your <filename>bblayers.conf</filename>
+ file.
+ If an append file already exists, the command updates it
+ appropriately.
+ <note>
+ For complete syntax, use the
+ <filename>devtool update-recipe --help</filename> command.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='devtool-resetting-a-recipe'>
+ <title>Resetting a Recipe</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the <filename>devtool reset</filename> command to remove a
+ recipe and its configuration (e.g. the corresponding
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> file) from the workspace layer.
+ Realize that this command deletes the recipe and the
+ append file.
+ The command does not physically move them for you.
+ Consequently, you must be sure to physically relocate your
+ updated recipe and the append file outside of the workspace
+ layer before running the <filename>devtool reset</filename>
+ command.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If the <filename>devtool reset</filename> command detects that
+ the recipe or the append files have been modified, the
+ command preserves the modified files in a separate "attic"
+ subdirectory under the workspace layer.
+ <note>
+ For complete syntax, use the
+ <filename>devtool reset --help</filename> command.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='devtool-building-your-software'>
+ <title>Building Your Software</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the <filename>devtool build</filename> command to cause the
+ OpenEmbedded build system to build your software based
+ on the recipe file.
+ The <filename>devtool build</filename> command is equivalent to
+ <filename>bitbake -c populate_sysroot</filename>.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool build <replaceable>recipe</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ For complete syntax, use the
+ <filename>devtool update-recipe --help</filename> command.
+ </note>
+ Building your software using <filename>devtool build</filename>
+ is identical to using BitBake to build the software.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='devtool-deploying-your-software-on-the-target-machine'>
+ <title>Deploying Your Software on the Target Machine</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the <filename>devtool deploy-target</filename> command to
+ deploy the recipe's build output to the live target machine:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool deploy-target <replaceable>recipe</replaceable> <replaceable>target</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ The <replaceable>target</replaceable> is the address of the
+ target machine, which must be running an SSH server (i.e.
+ <filename>user@hostname[:destdir]</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This command deploys all files installed during the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></ulink>
+ task.
+ Furthermore, you do not need to have package management enabled
+ within the target machine.
+ If you do, the package manager is bypassed.
+ <note><title>Notes</title>
+ <para>
+ The <filename>deploy-target</filename>
+ functionality is for development only.
+ You should never use it to update an image that will be
+ used in production.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For complete syntax, use the
+ <filename>devtool deploy-target --help</filename>
+ command.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='devtool-removing-your-software-from-the-target-machine'>
+ <title>Removing Your Software from the Target Machine</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the <filename>devtool undeploy-target</filename> command to
+ remove deployed build output from the target machine.
+ For the <filename>devtool undeploy-target</filename> command to
+ work, you must have previously used the
+ <link linkend='devtool-deploying-your-software-on-the-target-machine'><filename>devtool deploy-target</filename></link>
+ command.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool undeploy-target <replaceable>recipe</replaceable> <replaceable>target</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ The <replaceable>target</replaceable> is the address of the
+ target machine, which must be running an SSH server (i.e.
+ <filename>user@hostname</filename>).
+ <note>
+ For complete syntax, use the
+ <filename>devtool undeploy-target --help</filename> command.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='devtool-creating-the-workspace'>
+ <title>Creating the Workspace Layer in an Alternative Location</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the <filename>devtool create-workspace</filename> command to
+ create a new workspace layer in your
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ When you create a new workspace layer, it is populated with the
+ <filename>README</filename> file and the
+ <filename>conf</filename> directory only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following example creates a new workspace layer in your
+ current working and by default names the workspace layer
+ "workspace":
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool create-workspace
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ For complete syntax, use the
+ <filename>devtool create-workspace --help</filename> command.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can create a workspace layer anywhere by supplying
+ a pathname with the command.
+ The following command creates a new workspace layer named
+ "new-workspace":
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ devtool create-workspace /home/scottrif/new-workspace
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="using-a-quilt-workflow">
+ <title>Using Quilt in Your Workflow</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <ulink url='http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/quilt'>Quilt</ulink>
+ is a powerful tool that allows you to capture source code changes
+ without having a clean source tree.
+ This section outlines the typical workflow you can use to modify
+ source code, test changes, and then preserve the changes in the
+ form of a patch all using Quilt.
+ <note><title>Tip</title>
+ With regard to preserving changes to source files if you
+ clean a recipe or have <filename>rm_work</filename> enabled,
+ the workflow described in the
+ "<link linkend='using-devtool-in-your-workflow'>Using <filename>devtool</filename> in Your Workflow</link>"
+ section is a safer development flow than than the flow that
+ uses Quilt.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Follow these general steps:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Find the Source Code:</emphasis>
+ Temporary source code used by the OpenEmbedded build system
+ is kept in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='finding-the-temporary-source-code'>Finding Temporary Source Code</link>"
+ section to learn how to locate the directory that has the
+ temporary source code for a particular package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Change Your Working Directory:</emphasis>
+ You need to be in the directory that has the temporary source code.
+ That directory is defined by the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-S'><filename>S</filename></ulink>
+ variable.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create a New Patch:</emphasis>
+ Before modifying source code, you need to create a new patch.
+ To create a new patch file, use <filename>quilt new</filename> as below:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ quilt new my_changes.patch
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Notify Quilt and Add Files:</emphasis>
+ After creating the patch, you need to notify Quilt about the files
+ you plan to edit.
+ You notify Quilt by adding the files to the patch you just created:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ quilt add file1.c file2.c file3.c
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Edit the Files:</emphasis>
+ Make your changes in the source code to the files you added
+ to the patch.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Test Your Changes:</emphasis>
+ Once you have modified the source code, the easiest way to
+ your changes is by calling the
+ <filename>do_compile</filename> task as shown in the
+ following example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -c compile -f <replaceable>package</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>-f</filename> or <filename>--force</filename>
+ option forces the specified task to execute.
+ If you find problems with your code, you can just keep editing and
+ re-testing iteratively until things work as expected.
+ <note>All the modifications you make to the temporary source code
+ disappear once you run the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-clean'><filename>do_clean</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-cleanall'><filename>do_cleanall</filename></ulink>
+ tasks using BitBake (i.e.
+ <filename>bitbake -c clean <replaceable>package</replaceable></filename>
+ and
+ <filename>bitbake -c cleanall <replaceable>package</replaceable></filename>).
+ Modifications will also disappear if you use the <filename>rm_work</filename>
+ feature as described in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#qs-building-images'>Building Images</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Quick Start.
+ </note></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Generate the Patch:</emphasis>
+ Once your changes work as expected, you need to use Quilt to generate the final patch that
+ contains all your modifications.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ quilt refresh
+ </literallayout>
+ At this point, the <filename>my_changes.patch</filename> file has all your edits made
+ to the <filename>file1.c</filename>, <filename>file2.c</filename>, and
+ <filename>file3.c</filename> files.</para>
+ <para>You can find the resulting patch file in the <filename>patches/</filename>
+ subdirectory of the source (<filename>S</filename>) directory.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Copy the Patch File:</emphasis>
+ For simplicity, copy the patch file into a directory named <filename>files</filename>,
+ which you can create in the same directory that holds the recipe
+ (<filename>.bb</filename>) file or the
+ append (<filename>.bbappend</filename>) file.
+ Placing the patch here guarantees that the OpenEmbedded build system will find
+ the patch.
+ Next, add the patch into the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'>SRC_URI</ulink></filename>
+ of the recipe.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI += "file://my_changes.patch"
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='finding-the-temporary-source-code'>
+ <title>Finding Temporary Source Code</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You might find it helpful during development to modify the
+ temporary source code used by recipes to build packages.
+ For example, suppose you are developing a patch and you need to
+ experiment a bit to figure out your solution.
+ After you have initially built the package, you can iteratively
+ tweak the source code, which is located in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>, and then
+ you can force a re-compile and quickly test your altered code.
+ Once you settle on a solution, you can then preserve your changes
+ in the form of patches.
+ If you are using Quilt for development, see the
+ "<link linkend='using-a-quilt-workflow'>Using Quilt in Your Workflow</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ During a build, the unpacked temporary source code used by recipes
+ to build packages is available in the Build Directory as
+ defined by the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-S'>S</ulink></filename> variable.
+ Below is the default value for the <filename>S</filename> variable as defined in the
+ <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> configuration file in the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ S = "${WORKDIR}/${BP}"
+ </literallayout>
+ You should be aware that many recipes override the <filename>S</filename> variable.
+ For example, recipes that fetch their source from Git usually set
+ <filename>S</filename> to <filename>${WORKDIR}/git</filename>.
+ <note>
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-BP'><filename>BP</filename></ulink>
+ represents the base recipe name, which consists of the name and version:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BP = "${BPN}-${PV}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The path to the work directory for the recipe
+ (<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></ulink>)
+ is defined as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${TMPDIR}/work/${MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS}/${PN}/${EXTENDPE}${PV}-${PR}
+ </literallayout>
+ The actual directory depends on several things:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></ulink>:
+ The top-level build output directory</listitem>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS'><filename>MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS</filename></ulink>:
+ The target system identifier</listitem>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></ulink>:
+ The recipe name</listitem>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-EXTENDPE'><filename>EXTENDPE</filename></ulink>:
+ The epoch - (if
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PE'><filename>PE</filename></ulink>
+ is not specified, which is usually the case for most
+ recipes, then <filename>EXTENDPE</filename> is blank)</listitem>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink>:
+ The recipe version</listitem>
+ <listitem><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></ulink>:
+ The recipe revision</listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As an example, assume a Source Directory top-level folder
+ named <filename>poky</filename>, a default Build Directory at
+ <filename>poky/build</filename>, and a
+ <filename>qemux86-poky-linux</filename> machine target
+ system.
+ Furthermore, suppose your recipe is named
+ <filename>foo_1.3.0.bb</filename>.
+ In this case, the work directory the build system uses to
+ build the package would be as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ poky/build/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/foo/1.3.0-r0
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Now that you know where to locate the directory that has the
+ temporary source code, you can use a Quilt as described in section
+ "<link linkend='using-a-quilt-workflow'>Using Quilt in Your Workflow</link>"
+ to make your edits, test the changes, and preserve the changes in
+ the form of patches.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='image-development-using-toaster'>
+ <title>Image Development Using Toaster</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Toaster is a web interface to the Yocto Project's OpenEmbedded build
+ system.
+ You can initiate builds using Toaster as well as examine the results
+ and statistics of builds.
+ See the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;#toaster-manual-intro'>Toaster User Manual</ulink>
+ for information on how to set up and use Toaster to build images.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='image-development-using-hob'>
+ <title>Image Development Using Hob</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/projects/hob'>Hob</ulink> is a graphical user interface for the
+ OpenEmbedded build system, which is based on BitBake.
+ You can use the Hob to build custom operating system images within the Yocto Project build environment.
+ Hob simply provides a friendly interface over the build system used during development.
+ In other words, building images with the Hob lets you take care of common build tasks more easily.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For a better understanding of Hob, see the project page at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/projects/hob'></ulink>
+ on the Yocto Project website.
+ If you follow the "Documentation" link from the Hob page, you will
+ find a short introductory training video on Hob.
+ The following lists some features of Hob:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>You can setup and run Hob using these commands:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source oe-init-build-env
+ $ hob
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You can set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ for which you are building the image.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You can modify various policy settings such as the
+ package format with which to build,
+ the parallelism BitBake uses, whether or not to build an
+ external toolchain, and which host to build against.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You can manage
+ <link linkend='understanding-and-creating-layers'>layers</link>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You can select a base image and then add extra packages for your custom build.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You can launch and monitor the build from within Hob.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id="platdev-appdev-devshell">
+ <title>Using a Development Shell</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When debugging certain commands or even when just editing packages,
+ <filename>devshell</filename> can be a useful tool.
+ When you invoke <filename>devshell</filename>, source files are
+ extracted into your working directory and patches are applied.
+ Then, a new terminal is opened and you are placed in the working directory.
+ In the new terminal, all the OpenEmbedded build-related environment variables are
+ still defined so you can use commands such as <filename>configure</filename> and
+ <filename>make</filename>.
+ The commands execute just as if the OpenEmbedded build system were executing them.
+ Consequently, working this way can be helpful when debugging a build or preparing
+ software to be used with the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is an example that uses <filename>devshell</filename> on a target named
+ <filename>matchbox-desktop</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake matchbox-desktop -c devshell
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This command spawns a terminal with a shell prompt within the OpenEmbedded build environment.
+ The <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-OE_TERMINAL'><filename>OE_TERMINAL</filename></ulink>
+ variable controls what type of shell is opened.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For spawned terminals, the following occurs:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The <filename>PATH</filename> variable includes the
+ cross-toolchain.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The <filename>pkgconfig</filename> variables find the correct
+ <filename>.pc</filename> files.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The <filename>configure</filename> command finds the
+ Yocto Project site files as well as any other necessary files.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Within this environment, you can run configure or compile
+ commands as if they were being run by
+ the OpenEmbedded build system itself.
+ As noted earlier, the working directory also automatically changes to the
+ Source Directory (<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-S'><filename>S</filename></ulink>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you are finished, you just exit the shell or close the terminal window.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ It is worth remembering that when using <filename>devshell</filename>
+ you need to use the full compiler name such as <filename>arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc</filename>
+ instead of just using <filename>gcc</filename>.
+ The same applies to other applications such as <filename>binutils</filename>,
+ <filename>libtool</filename> and so forth.
+ BitBake sets up environment variables such as <filename>CC</filename>
+ to assist applications, such as <filename>make</filename> to find the correct tools.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is also worth noting that <filename>devshell</filename> still works over
+ X11 forwarding and similar situations.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+</section>
+
+</chapter>
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-newbie.xml b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-newbie.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70fa969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-newbie.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1716 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='dev-manual-newbie'>
+
+<title>The Yocto Project Open Source Development Environment</title>
+
+<para>
+ This chapter helps you understand the Yocto Project as an open source development project.
+ In general, working in an open source environment is very different from working in a
+ closed, proprietary environment.
+ Additionally, the Yocto Project uses specific tools and constructs as part of its development
+ environment.
+ This chapter specifically addresses open source philosophy, using the
+ Yocto Project in a team environment, source repositories, Yocto Project
+ terms, licensing, the open source distributed version control system Git,
+ workflows, bug tracking, and how to submit changes.
+</para>
+
+<section id='open-source-philosophy'>
+ <title>Open Source Philosophy</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Open source philosophy is characterized by software development directed by peer production
+ and collaboration through an active community of developers.
+ Contrast this to the more standard centralized development models used by commercial software
+ companies where a finite set of developers produces a product for sale using a defined set
+ of procedures that ultimately result in an end product whose architecture and source material
+ are closed to the public.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Open source projects conceptually have differing concurrent agendas, approaches, and production.
+ These facets of the development process can come from anyone in the public (community) that has a
+ stake in the software project.
+ The open source environment contains new copyright, licensing, domain, and consumer issues
+ that differ from the more traditional development environment.
+ In an open source environment, the end product, source material, and documentation are
+ all available to the public at no cost.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A benchmark example of an open source project is the Linux kernel, which was initially conceived
+ and created by Finnish computer science student Linus Torvalds in 1991.
+ Conversely, a good example of a non-open source project is the
+ <trademark class='registered'>Windows</trademark> family of operating
+ systems developed by <trademark class='registered'>Microsoft</trademark> Corporation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Wikipedia has a good historical description of the Open Source Philosophy
+ <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source'>here</ulink>.
+ You can also find helpful information on how to participate in the Linux Community
+ <ulink url='http://ldn.linuxfoundation.org/book/how-participate-linux-community'>here</ulink>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id="usingpoky-changes-collaborate">
+ <title>Using the Yocto Project in a Team Environment</title>
+
+ <para>
+ It might not be immediately clear how you can use the Yocto
+ Project in a team environment, or scale it for a large team of
+ developers.
+ One of the strengths of the Yocto Project is that it is extremely
+ flexible.
+ Thus, you can adapt it to many different use cases and scenarios.
+ However, these characteristics can cause a struggle if you are trying
+ to create a working setup that scales across a large team.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To help with these types of situations, this section presents
+ some of the project's most successful experiences,
+ practices, solutions, and available technologies that work well.
+ Keep in mind, the information here is a starting point.
+ You can build off it and customize it to fit any
+ particular working environment and set of practices.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='best-practices-system-configurations'>
+ <title>System Configurations</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Systems across a large team should meet the needs of
+ two types of developers: those working on the contents of the
+ operating system image itself and those developing applications.
+ Regardless of the type of developer, their workstations must
+ be both reasonably powerful and run Linux.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='best-practices-application-development'>
+ <title>Application Development</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For developers who mainly do application level work
+ on top of an existing software stack,
+ here are some practices that work best:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Use a pre-built toolchain that
+ contains the software stack itself.
+ Then, develop the application code on top of the
+ stack.
+ This method works well for small numbers of relatively
+ isolated applications.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>When possible, use the Yocto Project
+ plug-in for the <trademark class='trade'>Eclipse</trademark> IDE
+ and other pieces of Application Development
+ Technology (ADT).
+ For more information, see the
+ "<link linkend='application-development-workflow'>Application
+ Development Workflow</link>" section as well as the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;'>Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Keep your cross-development toolchains
+ updated.
+ You can do this through provisioning either as new
+ toolchain downloads or as updates through a package
+ update mechanism using <filename>opkg</filename>
+ to provide updates to an existing toolchain.
+ The exact mechanics of how and when to do this are a
+ question for local policy.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Use multiple toolchains installed locally
+ into different locations to allow development across
+ versions.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='best-practices-core-system-development'>
+ <title>Core System Development</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For core system development, it is often best to have the
+ build system itself available on the developer workstations
+ so developers can run their own builds and directly
+ rebuild the software stack.
+ You should keep the core system unchanged as much as
+ possible and do your work in layers on top of the core system.
+ Doing so gives you a greater level of portability when
+ upgrading to new versions of the core system or Board
+ Support Packages (BSPs).
+ You can share layers amongst the developers of a particular
+ project and contain the policy configuration that defines
+ the project.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Aside from the previous best practices, there exists a number
+ of tips and tricks that can help speed up core development
+ projects:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Use a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#shared-state-cache'>Shared State Cache</ulink>
+ (sstate) among groups of developers who are on a
+ fast network.
+ The best way to share sstate is through a
+ Network File System (NFS) share.
+ The first user to build a given component for the
+ first time contributes that object to the sstate,
+ while subsequent builds from other developers then
+ reuse the object rather than rebuild it themselves.
+ </para>
+ <para>Although it is possible to use other protocols for the
+ sstate such as HTTP and FTP, you should avoid these.
+ Using HTTP limits the sstate to read-only and
+ FTP provides poor performance.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Have autobuilders contribute to the sstate
+ pool similarly to how the developer workstations
+ contribute.
+ For information, see the
+ "<link linkend='best-practices-autobuilders'>Autobuilders</link>"
+ section.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Build stand-alone tarballs that contain
+ "missing" system requirements if for some reason
+ developer workstations do not meet minimum system
+ requirements such as latest Python versions,
+ <filename>chrpath</filename>, or other tools.
+ You can install and relocate the tarball exactly as you
+ would the usual cross-development toolchain so that
+ all developers can meet minimum version requirements
+ on most distributions.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Use a small number of shared,
+ high performance systems for testing purposes
+ (e.g. dual, six-core Xeons with 24 Gbytes of RAM
+ and plenty of disk space).
+ Developers can use these systems for wider, more
+ extensive testing while they continue to develop
+ locally using their primary development system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Enable the PR Service when package feeds
+ need to be incremental with continually increasing
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PR'>PR</ulink>
+ values.
+ Typically, this situation occurs when you use or
+ publish package feeds and use a shared state.
+ You should enable the PR Service for all users who
+ use the shared state pool.
+ For more information on the PR Service, see the
+ "<link linkend='working-with-a-pr-service'>Working With a PR Service</link>".
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='best-practices-source-control-management'>
+ <title>Source Control Management (SCM)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Keeping your
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ and any software you are developing under the
+ control of an SCM system that is compatible
+ with the OpenEmbedded build system is advisable.
+ Of the SCMs BitBake supports, the
+ Yocto Project team strongly recommends using
+ <link linkend='git'>Git</link>.
+ Git is a distributed system that is easy to backup,
+ allows you to work remotely, and then connects back to the
+ infrastructure.
+ <note>
+ For information about BitBake, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is relatively easy to set up Git services and create
+ infrastructure like
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;'>http://git.yoctoproject.org</ulink>,
+ which is based on server software called
+ <filename>gitolite</filename> with <filename>cgit</filename>
+ being used to generate the web interface that lets you view the
+ repositories.
+ The <filename>gitolite</filename> software identifies users
+ using SSH keys and allows branch-based
+ access controls to repositories that you can control as little
+ or as much as necessary.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ The setup of these services is beyond the scope of this manual.
+ However, sites such as these exist that describe how to perform
+ setup:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='http://git-scm.com/book/ch4-8.html'>Git documentation</ulink>:
+ Describes how to install <filename>gitolite</filename>
+ on the server.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite/master-toc.html'>The <filename>gitolite</filename> master index</ulink>:
+ All topics for <filename>gitolite</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Interfaces,_frontends,_and_tools'>Interfaces, frontends, and tools</ulink>:
+ Documentation on how to create interfaces and frontends
+ for Git.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='best-practices-autobuilders'>
+ <title>Autobuilders</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Autobuilders are often the core of a development project.
+ It is here that changes from individual developers are brought
+ together and centrally tested and subsequent decisions about
+ releases can be made.
+ Autobuilders also allow for "continuous integration" style
+ testing of software components and regression identification
+ and tracking.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See "<ulink url='http://autobuilder.yoctoproject.org'>Yocto Project Autobuilder</ulink>"
+ for more information and links to buildbot.
+ The Yocto Project team has found this implementation
+ works well in this role.
+ A public example of this is the Yocto Project
+ Autobuilders, which we use to test the overall health of the
+ project.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The features of this system are:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Highlights when commits break the build.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Populates an sstate cache from which
+ developers can pull rather than requiring local
+ builds.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Allows commit hook triggers,
+ which trigger builds when commits are made.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Allows triggering of automated image booting
+ and testing under the QuickEMUlator (QEMU).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Supports incremental build testing and
+ from-scratch builds.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Shares output that allows developer
+ testing and historical regression investigation.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Creates output that can be used for releases.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Allows scheduling of builds so that resources
+ can be used efficiently.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='best-practices-policies-and-change-flow'>
+ <title>Policies and Change Flow</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project itself uses a hierarchical structure and a
+ pull model.
+ Scripts exist to create and send pull requests
+ (i.e. <filename>create-pull-request</filename> and
+ <filename>send-pull-request</filename>).
+ This model is in line with other open source projects where
+ maintainers are responsible for specific areas of the project
+ and a single maintainer handles the final "top-of-tree" merges.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ You can also use a more collective push model.
+ The <filename>gitolite</filename> software supports both the
+ push and pull models quite easily.
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ As with any development environment, it is important
+ to document the policy used as well as any main project
+ guidelines so they are understood by everyone.
+ It is also a good idea to have well structured
+ commit messages, which are usually a part of a project's
+ guidelines.
+ Good commit messages are essential when looking back in time and
+ trying to understand why changes were made.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you discover that changes are needed to the core layer of the
+ project, it is worth sharing those with the community as soon
+ as possible.
+ Chances are if you have discovered the need for changes, someone
+ else in the community needs them also.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='best-practices-summary'>
+ <title>Summary</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section summarizes the key recommendations described in the
+ previous sections:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Use <link linkend='git'>Git</link>
+ as the source control system.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Maintain your Metadata in layers that make sense
+ for your situation.
+ See the "<link linkend='understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding
+ and Creating Layers</link>" section for more information on
+ layers.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Separate the project's Metadata and code by using
+ separate Git repositories.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='yocto-project-repositories'>Yocto Project Source Repositories</link>"
+ section for information on these repositories.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='getting-setup'>Getting Set Up</link>"
+ section for information on how to set up local Git
+ repositories for related upstream Yocto Project
+ Git repositories.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Set up the directory for the shared state cache
+ (<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SSTATE_DIR'><filename>SSTATE_DIR</filename></ulink>)
+ where it makes sense.
+ For example, set up the sstate cache on a system used
+ by developers in the same organization and share the
+ same source directories on their machines.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Set up an Autobuilder and have it populate the
+ sstate cache and source directories.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The Yocto Project community encourages you
+ to send patches to the project to fix bugs or add features.
+ If you do submit patches, follow the project commit
+ guidelines for writing good commit messages.
+ See the "<link linkend='how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a Change</link>"
+ section.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Send changes to the core sooner than later
+ as others are likely to run into the same issues.
+ For some guidance on mailing lists to use, see the list in the
+ "<link linkend='how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a Change</link>"
+ section.
+ For a description of the available mailing lists, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#resources-mailinglist'>Mailing Lists</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='yocto-project-repositories'>
+ <title>Yocto Project Source Repositories</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project team maintains complete source repositories for all
+ Yocto Project files at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.
+ This web-based source code browser is organized into categories by
+ function such as IDE Plugins, Matchbox, Poky, Yocto Linux Kernel, and
+ so forth.
+ From the interface, you can click on any particular item in the "Name"
+ column and see the URL at the bottom of the page that you need to clone
+ a Git repository for that particular item.
+ Having a local Git repository of the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>, which is
+ usually named "poky", allows
+ you to make changes, contribute to the history, and ultimately enhance
+ the Yocto Project's tools, Board Support Packages, and so forth.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For any supported release of Yocto Project, you can also go to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project Website</ulink> and
+ select the "Downloads" tab and get a released tarball of the
+ <filename>poky</filename> repository or any supported BSP tarballs.
+ Unpacking these tarballs gives you a snapshot of the released
+ files.
+ <note><title>Notes</title>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The recommended method for setting up the Yocto Project
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ and the files for supported BSPs
+ (e.g., <filename>meta-intel</filename>) is to use
+ <link linkend='git'>Git</link> to create a local copy of
+ the upstream repositories.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Be sure to always work in matching branches for both
+ the selected BSP repository and the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ (i.e. <filename>poky</filename>) repository.
+ For example, if you have checked out the "master" branch
+ of <filename>poky</filename> and you are going to use
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename>, be sure to checkout the
+ "master" branch of <filename>meta-intel</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In summary, here is where you can get the project files needed for development:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para id='source-repositories'><emphasis><ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi'>Source Repositories:</ulink></emphasis>
+ This area contains IDE Plugins, Matchbox, Poky, Poky Support, Tools, Yocto Linux Kernel, and Yocto
+ Metadata Layers.
+ You can create local copies of Git repositories for each of these areas.</para>
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/source-repos.png" align="center" width="6in" depth="4in" />
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><anchor id='index-downloads' /><emphasis><ulink url='&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/'>Index of /releases:</ulink></emphasis>
+ This is an index of releases such as
+ the <trademark class='trade'>Eclipse</trademark>
+ Yocto Plug-in, miscellaneous support, Poky, Pseudo, installers for cross-development toolchains,
+ and all released versions of Yocto Project in the form of images or tarballs.
+ Downloading and extracting these files does not produce a local copy of the
+ Git repository but rather a snapshot of a particular release or image.</para>
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/index-downloads.png" align="center" width="6in" depth="3.5in" />
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>"Downloads" page for the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project Website</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ Access this page by going to the website and then selecting
+ the "Downloads" tab.
+ This page allows you to download any Yocto Project
+ release or Board Support Package (BSP) in tarball form.
+ The tarballs are similar to those found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/'>Index of /releases:</ulink> area.</para>
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/yp-download.png" align="center" width="6in" depth="4in" />
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='yocto-project-terms'>
+ <title>Yocto Project Terms</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is a list of terms and definitions users new to the Yocto Project development
+ environment might find helpful.
+ While some of these terms are universal, the list includes them just in case:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Append Files:</emphasis> Files that append build information to
+ a recipe file.
+ Append files are known as BitBake append files and <filename>.bbappend</filename> files.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system expects every append file to have a corresponding
+ recipe (<filename>.bb</filename>) file.
+ Furthermore, the append file and corresponding recipe file
+ must use the same root filename.
+ The filenames can differ only in the file type suffix used (e.g.
+ <filename>formfactor_0.0.bb</filename> and <filename>formfactor_0.0.bbappend</filename>).
+ </para>
+ <para>Information in append files extends or overrides the
+ information in the similarly-named recipe file.
+ For an example of an append file in use, see the
+ "<link linkend='using-bbappend-files'>Using .bbappend Files</link>" section.
+ <note>
+ Append files can also use wildcard patterns in their version numbers
+ so they can be applied to more than one version of the underlying recipe file.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para id='bitbake-term'><emphasis>BitBake:</emphasis>
+ The task executor and scheduler used by the OpenEmbedded build
+ system to build images.
+ For more information on BitBake, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='build-directory'><emphasis>Build Directory:</emphasis>
+ This term refers to the area used by the OpenEmbedded build
+ system for builds.
+ The area is created when you <filename>source</filename> the
+ setup environment script that is found in the Source Directory
+ (i.e. <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>).
+ The <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TOPDIR'><filename>TOPDIR</filename></ulink>
+ variable points to the Build Directory.</para>
+
+ <para>
+ You have a lot of flexibility when creating the Build
+ Directory.
+ Following are some examples that show how to create the
+ directory.
+ The examples assume your
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> is
+ named <filename>poky</filename>:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Create the Build Directory inside your
+ Source Directory and let the name of the Build
+ Directory default to <filename>build</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd $HOME/poky
+ $ source &OE_INIT_FILE;
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Create the Build Directory inside your
+ home directory and specifically name it
+ <filename>test-builds</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd $HOME
+ $ source poky/&OE_INIT_FILE; test-builds
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Provide a directory path and
+ specifically name the Build Directory.
+ Any intermediate folders in the pathname must
+ exist.
+ This next example creates a Build Directory named
+ <filename>YP-&POKYVERSION;</filename>
+ in your home directory within the existing
+ directory <filename>mybuilds</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $cd $HOME
+ $ source $HOME/poky/&OE_INIT_FILE; $HOME/mybuilds/YP-&POKYVERSION;
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <note>
+ By default, the Build Directory contains
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></ulink>,
+ which is a temporary directory the build system uses for
+ its work.
+ <filename>TMPDIR</filename> cannot be under NFS.
+ Thus, by default, the Build Directory cannot be under NFS.
+ However, if you need the Build Directory to be under NFS,
+ you can set this up by setting <filename>TMPDIR</filename>
+ in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file
+ to use a local drive.
+ Doing so effectively separates <filename>TMPDIR</filename>
+ from <filename>TOPDIR</filename>, which is the Build
+ Directory.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Classes:</emphasis> Files that provide for logic encapsulation
+ and inheritance so that commonly used patterns can be defined once and then easily used
+ in multiple recipes.
+ For reference information on the Yocto Project classes, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes'>Classes</ulink>" chapter of the
+ Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ Class files end with the <filename>.bbclass</filename> filename extension.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Configuration File:</emphasis>
+ Configuration information in various <filename>.conf</filename>
+ files provides global definitions of variables.
+ The <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> configuration file in
+ the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>
+ contains user-defined variables that affect every build.
+ The <filename>meta-yocto/conf/distro/poky.conf</filename>
+ configuration file defines Yocto "distro" configuration
+ variables used only when building with this policy.
+ Machine configuration files, which
+ are located throughout the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>, define
+ variables for specific hardware and are only used when building
+ for that target (e.g. the
+ <filename>machine/beaglebone.conf</filename> configuration
+ file defines variables for the Texas Instruments ARM Cortex-A8
+ development board).
+ Configuration files end with a <filename>.conf</filename>
+ filename extension.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para id='cross-development-toolchain'>
+ <emphasis>Cross-Development Toolchain:</emphasis>
+ In general, a cross-development toolchain is a collection of
+ software development tools and utilities that run on one
+ architecture and allow you to develop software for a
+ different, or targeted, architecture.
+ These toolchains contain cross-compilers, linkers, and
+ debuggers that are specific to the target architecture.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>The Yocto Project supports two different cross-development
+ toolchains:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>A toolchain only used by and within
+ BitBake when building an image for a target
+ architecture.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>A relocatable toolchain used outside of
+ BitBake by developers when developing applications
+ that will run on a targeted device.
+ Sometimes this relocatable cross-development
+ toolchain is referred to as the meta-toolchain.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Creation of these toolchains is simple and automated.
+ For information on toolchain concepts as they apply to the
+ Yocto Project, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#cross-development-toolchain-generation'>Cross-Development Toolchain Generation</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ You can also find more information on using the
+ relocatable toolchain in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;'>Yocto Project
+ Application Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Image:</emphasis>
+ An image is an artifact of the BitBake build process given
+ a collection of recipes and related Metadata.
+ Images are the binary output that run on specific hardware or
+ QEMU and are used for specific use-cases.
+ For a list of the supported image types that the Yocto Project provides, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
+ chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para id='layer'><emphasis>Layer:</emphasis> A collection of recipes representing the core,
+ a BSP, or an application stack.
+ For a discussion specifically on BSP Layers, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-layers'>BSP Layers</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP)
+ Developer's Guide.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para id='meta-toolchain'><emphasis>Meta-Toolchain:</emphasis>
+ A term sometimes used for
+ <link linkend='cross-development-toolchain'>Cross-Development Toolchain</link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para id='metadata'><emphasis>Metadata:</emphasis>
+ The files that BitBake parses when building an image.
+ In general, Metadata includes recipes, classes, and
+ configuration files.
+ In the context of the kernel ("kernel Metadata"),
+ it refers to Metadata in the <filename>meta</filename>
+ branches of the kernel source Git repositories.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para id='oe-core'><emphasis>OE-Core:</emphasis> A core set of Metadata originating
+ with OpenEmbedded (OE) that is shared between OE and the Yocto Project.
+ This Metadata is found in the <filename>meta</filename> directory of the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para id='build-system-term'><emphasis>OpenEmbedded Build System:</emphasis>
+ The build system specific to the Yocto Project.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system is based on another project known
+ as "Poky", which uses
+ <link linkend='bitbake-term'>BitBake</link> as the task
+ executor.
+ Throughout the Yocto Project documentation set, the
+ OpenEmbedded build system is sometimes referred to simply
+ as "the build system".
+ If other build systems, such as a host or target build system
+ are referenced, the documentation clearly states the
+ difference.
+ <note>
+ For some historical information about Poky, see the
+ <link linkend='poky'>Poky</link> term.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Package:</emphasis>
+ In the context of the Yocto Project, this term refers to a
+ recipe's packaged output produced by BitBake (i.e. a
+ "baked recipe").
+ A package is generally the compiled binaries produced from the
+ recipe's sources.
+ You "bake" something by running it through BitBake.</para>
+ <para>It is worth noting that the term "package" can, in general, have subtle
+ meanings. For example, the packages referred to in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#packages'>The Build Host Packages</ulink>" section are
+ compiled binaries that, when installed, add functionality to your Linux
+ distribution.</para>
+ <para>Another point worth noting is that historically within the Yocto Project,
+ recipes were referred to as packages - thus, the existence of several BitBake
+ variables that are seemingly mis-named,
+ (e.g. <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink>, and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PE'><filename>PE</filename></ulink>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Package Groups:</emphasis>
+ Arbitrary groups of software Recipes.
+ You use package groups to hold recipes that, when built,
+ usually accomplish a single task.
+ For example, a package group could contain the recipes for a
+ company’s proprietary or value-add software.
+ Or, the package group could contain the recipes that enable
+ graphics.
+ A package group is really just another recipe.
+ Because package group files are recipes, they end with the
+ <filename>.bb</filename> filename extension.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para id='poky'><emphasis>Poky:</emphasis>
+ The term "poky" can mean several things.
+ In its most general sense, it is an open-source
+ project that was initially developed by OpenedHand.
+ With OpenedHand, poky was developed off of the existing
+ OpenEmbedded build system becoming a commercially
+ supportable build system for embedded Linux.
+ After Intel Corporation acquired OpenedHand, the
+ project poky became the basis for the Yocto Project's
+ build system.</para>
+ <para>Within the Yocto Project source repositories,
+ <filename>poky</filename> exists as a separate Git
+ repository you can clone to yield a local copy on your
+ host system.
+ Thus, "poky" can refer to the local copy of the Source
+ Directory used for development within the Yocto
+ Project.</para>
+ <para>Finally, "poky" can refer to the default
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DISTRO'><filename>DISTRO</filename></ulink>
+ (i.e. distribution) created when you use the Yocto
+ Project in conjunction with the
+ <filename>poky</filename> repository to build an image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Recipe:</emphasis>
+ A set of instructions for building packages.
+ A recipe describes where you get source code, which patches
+ to apply, how to configure the source, how to compile it and so on.
+ Recipes also describe dependencies for libraries or for other
+ recipes.
+ Recipes represent the logical unit of execution, the software
+ to build, the images to build, and use the
+ <filename>.bb</filename> file extension.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='source-directory'><emphasis>Source Directory:</emphasis>
+ This term refers to the directory structure created as a result
+ of creating a local copy of the <filename>poky</filename> Git
+ repository <filename>git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky</filename>
+ or expanding a released <filename>poky</filename> tarball.
+ <note>
+ Creating a local copy of the <filename>poky</filename>
+ Git repository is the recommended method for setting up
+ your Source Directory.
+ </note>
+ Sometimes you might hear the term "poky directory" used to refer
+ to this directory structure.
+ <note>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system does not support file or
+ directory names that contain spaces.
+ Be sure that the Source Directory you use does not contain
+ these types of names.
+ </note></para>
+
+ <para>The Source Directory contains BitBake, Documentation,
+ Metadata and other files that all support the Yocto Project.
+ Consequently, you must have the Source Directory in place on
+ your development system in order to do any development using
+ the Yocto Project.</para>
+
+ <para>When you create a local copy of the Git repository, you
+ can name the repository anything you like.
+ Throughout much of the documentation, "poky"
+ is used as the name of the top-level folder of the local copy of
+ the poky Git repository.
+ So, for example, cloning the <filename>poky</filename> Git
+ repository results in a local Git repository whose top-level
+ folder is also named "poky".</para>
+
+ <para>While it is not recommended that you use tarball expansion
+ to set up the Source Directory, if you do, the top-level
+ directory name of the Source Directory is derived from the
+ Yocto Project release tarball.
+ For example, downloading and unpacking
+ <filename>&YOCTO_POKY_TARBALL;</filename> results in a
+ Source Directory whose root folder is named
+ <filename>&YOCTO_POKY;</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>It is important to understand the differences between the
+ Source Directory created by unpacking a released tarball as
+ compared to cloning
+ <filename>git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky</filename>.
+ When you unpack a tarball, you have an exact copy of the files
+ based on the time of release - a fixed release point.
+ Any changes you make to your local files in the Source Directory
+ are on top of the release and will remain local only.
+ On the other hand, when you clone the <filename>poky</filename>
+ Git repository, you have an active development repository with
+ access to the upstream repository's branches and tags.
+ In this case, any local changes you make to the local
+ Source Directory can be later applied to active development
+ branches of the upstream <filename>poky</filename> Git
+ repository.</para>
+
+ <para>For more information on concepts related to Git
+ repositories, branches, and tags, see the
+ "<link linkend='repositories-tags-and-branches'>Repositories, Tags, and Branches</link>"
+ section.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Task:</emphasis>
+ A unit of execution for BitBake (e.g.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-fetch'><filename>do_fetch</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-patch'><filename>do_patch</filename></ulink>,
+ and so forth).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Upstream:</emphasis> A reference to source code or repositories
+ that are not local to the development system but located in a master area that is controlled
+ by the maintainer of the source code.
+ For example, in order for a developer to work on a particular piece of code, they need to
+ first get a copy of it from an "upstream" source.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='licensing'>
+ <title>Licensing</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Because open source projects are open to the public, they have different licensing structures in place.
+ License evolution for both Open Source and Free Software has an interesting history.
+ If you are interested in this history, you can find basic information here:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_license'>Open source license history</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_license'>Free software license
+ history</ulink></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In general, the Yocto Project is broadly licensed under the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
+ (MIT) License.
+ MIT licensing permits the reuse of software within proprietary software as long as the
+ license is distributed with that software.
+ MIT is also compatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL).
+ Patches to the Yocto Project follow the upstream licensing scheme.
+ You can find information on the MIT license
+ <ulink url='http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php'>here</ulink>.
+ You can find information on the GNU GPL <ulink url='http://www.opensource.org/licenses/LGPL-3.0'>
+ here</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you build an image using the Yocto Project, the build process uses a
+ known list of licenses to ensure compliance.
+ You can find this list in the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> at
+ <filename>meta/files/common-licenses</filename>.
+ Once the build completes, the list of all licenses found and used during that build are
+ kept in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link> at
+ <filename>tmp/deploy/licenses</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If a module requires a license that is not in the base list, the build process
+ generates a warning during the build.
+ These tools make it easier for a developer to be certain of the licenses with which
+ their shipped products must comply.
+ However, even with these tools it is still up to the developer to resolve potential licensing issues.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The base list of licenses used by the build process is a combination of the Software Package
+ Data Exchange (SPDX) list and the Open Source Initiative (OSI) projects.
+ <ulink url='http://spdx.org'>SPDX Group</ulink> is a working group of the Linux Foundation
+ that maintains a specification
+ for a standard format for communicating the components, licenses, and copyrights
+ associated with a software package.
+ <ulink url='http://opensource.org'>OSI</ulink> is a corporation dedicated to the Open Source
+ Definition and the effort for reviewing and approving licenses that
+ conform to the Open Source Definition (OSD).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find a list of the combined SPDX and OSI licenses that the
+ Yocto Project uses in the
+ <filename>meta/files/common-licenses</filename> directory in your
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information that can help you maintain compliance with various
+ open source licensing during the lifecycle of a product created using
+ the Yocto Project, see the
+ "<link linkend='maintaining-open-source-license-compliance-during-your-products-lifecycle'>Maintaining Open Source License Compliance During Your Product's Lifecycle</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='git'>
+ <title>Git</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project makes extensive use of Git,
+ which is a free, open source distributed version control system.
+ Git supports distributed development, non-linear development, and can handle large projects.
+ It is best that you have some fundamental understanding of how Git tracks projects and
+ how to work with Git if you are going to use the Yocto Project for development.
+ This section provides a quick overview of how Git works and provides you with a summary
+ of some essential Git commands.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on Git, see
+ <ulink url='http://git-scm.com/documentation'></ulink>.
+ If you need to download Git, go to <ulink url='http://git-scm.com/download'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='repositories-tags-and-branches'>
+ <title>Repositories, Tags, and Branches</title>
+
+ <para>
+ As mentioned earlier in the section
+ "<link linkend='yocto-project-repositories'>Yocto Project Source Repositories</link>",
+ the Yocto Project maintains source repositories at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.
+ If you look at this web-interface of the repositories, each item is a separate
+ Git repository.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Git repositories use branching techniques that track content change (not files)
+ within a project (e.g. a new feature or updated documentation).
+ Creating a tree-like structure based on project divergence allows for excellent historical
+ information over the life of a project.
+ This methodology also allows for an environment from which you can do lots of
+ local experimentation on projects as you develop changes or new features.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A Git repository represents all development efforts for a given project.
+ For example, the Git repository <filename>poky</filename> contains all changes
+ and developments for Poky over the course of its entire life.
+ That means that all changes that make up all releases are captured.
+ The repository maintains a complete history of changes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can create a local copy of any repository by "cloning" it with the Git
+ <filename>clone</filename> command.
+ When you clone a Git repository, you end up with an identical copy of the
+ repository on your development system.
+ Once you have a local copy of a repository, you can take steps to develop locally.
+ For examples on how to clone Git repositories, see the
+ "<link linkend='getting-setup'>Getting Set Up</link>" section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is important to understand that Git tracks content change and
+ not files.
+ Git uses "branches" to organize different development efforts.
+ For example, the <filename>poky</filename> repository has
+ several branches that include the current
+ <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> branch, the
+ <filename>master</filename> branch, and many branches for past
+ Yocto Project releases.
+ You can see all the branches by going to
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi/poky/'></ulink> and
+ clicking on the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi/poky/refs/heads'>[...]</ulink></filename>
+ link beneath the "Branch" heading.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Each of these branches represents a specific area of development.
+ The <filename>master</filename> branch represents the current or most recent
+ development.
+ All other branches represent offshoots of the <filename>master</filename>
+ branch.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you create a local copy of a Git repository, the copy has the same set
+ of branches as the original.
+ This means you can use Git to create a local working area (also called a branch)
+ that tracks a specific development branch from the source Git repository.
+ in other words, you can define your local Git environment to work on any development
+ branch in the repository.
+ To help illustrate, here is a set of commands that creates a local copy of the
+ <filename>poky</filename> Git repository and then creates and checks out a local
+ Git branch that tracks the Yocto Project &DISTRO; Release (&DISTRO_NAME;) development:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
+ $ cd poky
+ $ git checkout -b &DISTRO_NAME; origin/&DISTRO_NAME;
+ </literallayout>
+ In this example, the name of the top-level directory of your local
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ is "poky" and the name of that local working area (local branch)
+ you just created and checked out is "&DISTRO_NAME;".
+ The files in your local repository now reflect the same files that
+ are in the "&DISTRO_NAME;" development branch of the
+ Yocto Project's "poky" upstream repository.
+ It is important to understand that when you create and checkout a
+ local working branch based on a branch name,
+ your local environment matches the "tip" of that development branch
+ at the time you created your local branch, which could be
+ different from the files at the time of a similarly named release.
+ In other words, creating and checking out a local branch based on
+ the "&DISTRO_NAME;" branch name is not the same as
+ cloning and checking out the "master" branch.
+ Keep reading to see how you create a local snapshot of a Yocto
+ Project Release.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Git uses "tags" to mark specific changes in a repository.
+ Typically, a tag is used to mark a special point such as the final
+ change before a project is released.
+ You can see the tags used with the <filename>poky</filename> Git
+ repository by going to
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi/poky/'></ulink> and
+ clicking on the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi/poky/refs/tags'>[...]</ulink></filename>
+ link beneath the "Tag" heading.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some key tags are <filename>dylan-9.0.4</filename>,
+ <filename>dora-10.0.4</filename>, <filename>daisy-11.0.2</filename>,
+ <filename>dizzy-12.0.0</filename>, and
+ <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;-&POKYVERSION;</filename>.
+ These tags represent Yocto Project releases.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you create a local copy of the Git repository, you also have access to all the
+ tags.
+ Similar to branches, you can create and checkout a local working Git branch based
+ on a tag name.
+ When you do this, you get a snapshot of the Git repository that reflects
+ the state of the files when the change was made associated with that tag.
+ The most common use is to checkout a working branch that matches a specific
+ Yocto Project release.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
+ $ cd poky
+ $ git checkout -b my-&DISTRO_NAME;-&POKYVERSION; &DISTRO_NAME;-&POKYVERSION;
+ </literallayout>
+ In this example, the name of the top-level directory of your local Yocto Project
+ Files Git repository is <filename>poky</filename>.
+ And, the name of the local branch you have created and checked out is
+ <filename>my-&DISTRO_NAME;-&POKYVERSION;</filename>.
+ The files in your repository now exactly match the Yocto Project &DISTRO;
+ Release tag (<filename>&DISTRO_NAME;-&POKYVERSION;</filename>).
+ It is important to understand that when you create and checkout a local
+ working branch based on a tag, your environment matches a specific point
+ in time and not the entire development branch.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='basic-commands'>
+ <title>Basic Commands</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Git has an extensive set of commands that lets you manage changes and perform
+ collaboration over the life of a project.
+ Conveniently though, you can manage with a small set of basic operations and workflows
+ once you understand the basic philosophy behind Git.
+ You do not have to be an expert in Git to be functional.
+ A good place to look for instruction on a minimal set of Git commands is
+ <ulink url='http://git-scm.com/documentation'>here</ulink>.
+ If you need to download Git, you can do so
+ <ulink url='http://git-scm.com/download'>here</ulink>, although
+ any reasonably current Linux distribution should already have an
+ installable package for Git.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not know much about Git, you should educate
+ yourself by visiting the links previously mentioned.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list briefly describes some basic Git operations as a way to get started.
+ As with any set of commands, this list (in most cases) simply shows the base command and
+ omits the many arguments they support.
+ See the Git documentation for complete descriptions and strategies on how to use these commands:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git init</filename>:</emphasis> Initializes an empty Git repository.
+ You cannot use Git commands unless you have a <filename>.git</filename> repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git clone</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Creates a local clone of a Git repository.
+ During collaboration, this command allows you to create a
+ local Git repository that is on equal footing with a fellow
+ developer’s Git repository.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git add</filename>:</emphasis> Stages updated file contents
+ to the index that
+ Git uses to track changes.
+ You must stage all files that have changed before you can commit them.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git commit</filename>:</emphasis> Creates a "commit" that documents
+ the changes you made.
+ Commits are used for historical purposes, for determining if a maintainer of a project
+ will allow the change, and for ultimately pushing the change from your local Git repository
+ into the project’s upstream (or master) repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git status</filename>:</emphasis> Reports any modified files that
+ possibly need to be staged and committed.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git checkout <branch-name></filename>:</emphasis> Changes
+ your working branch.
+ This command is analogous to "cd".</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git checkout –b <working-branch></filename>:</emphasis> Creates
+ a working branch on your local machine where you can isolate work.
+ It is a good idea to use local branches when adding specific features or changes.
+ This way if you do not like what you have done you can easily get rid of the work.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git branch</filename>:</emphasis> Reports
+ existing local branches and
+ tells you the branch in which you are currently working.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git branch -D <branch-name></filename>:</emphasis>
+ Deletes an existing local branch.
+ You need to be in a local branch other than the one you are deleting
+ in order to delete <filename><branch-name></filename>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git pull</filename>:</emphasis> Retrieves information
+ from an upstream Git
+ repository and places it in your local Git repository.
+ You use this command to make sure you are synchronized with the repository
+ from which you are basing changes (.e.g. the master branch).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git push</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Sends all your committed local changes to an upstream Git
+ repository (e.g. a contribution repository).
+ The maintainer of the project draws from these repositories
+ when adding changes to the project’s master repository or
+ other development branch.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git merge</filename>:</emphasis> Combines or adds changes from one
+ local branch of your repository with another branch.
+ When you create a local Git repository, the default branch is named "master".
+ A typical workflow is to create a temporary branch for isolated work, make and commit your
+ changes, switch to your local master branch, merge the changes from the temporary branch into the
+ local master branch, and then delete the temporary branch.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git cherry-pick</filename>:</emphasis> Choose and apply specific
+ commits from one branch into another branch.
+ There are times when you might not be able to merge all the changes in one branch with
+ another but need to pick out certain ones.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>gitk</filename>:</emphasis> Provides a GUI view of the branches
+ and changes in your local Git repository.
+ This command is a good way to graphically see where things have diverged in your
+ local repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git log</filename>:</emphasis> Reports a history of your changes to the
+ repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git diff</filename>:</emphasis> Displays line-by-line differences
+ between your local working files and the same files in the upstream Git repository that your
+ branch currently tracks.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='workflows'>
+ <title>Workflows</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides some overview on workflows using Git.
+ In particular, the information covers basic practices that describe roles and actions in a
+ collaborative development environment.
+ Again, if you are familiar with this type of development environment, you might want to just
+ skip this section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project files are maintained using Git in a "master" branch whose Git history
+ tracks every change and whose structure provides branches for all diverging functionality.
+ Although there is no need to use Git, many open source projects do so.
+ For the Yocto Project, a key individual called the "maintainer" is responsible for the "master"
+ branch of a given Git repository.
+ The "master" branch is the “upstream” repository where the final builds of the project occur.
+ The maintainer is responsible for accepting changes from other developers and for
+ organizing the underlying branch structure to reflect release strategies and so forth.
+ <note>For information on finding out who is responsible for (maintains)
+ a particular area of code, see the
+ "<link linkend='how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a Change</link>"
+ section.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The project also has an upstream contribution Git repository named
+ <filename>poky-contrib</filename>.
+ You can see all the branches in this repository using the web interface
+ of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;'>Source Repositories</ulink> organized
+ within the "Poky Support" area.
+ These branches temporarily hold changes to the project that have been
+ submitted or committed by the Yocto Project development team and by
+ community members who contribute to the project.
+ The maintainer determines if the changes are qualified to be moved
+ from the "contrib" branches into the "master" branch of the Git
+ repository.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Developers (including contributing community members) create and maintain cloned repositories
+ of the upstream "master" branch.
+ These repositories are local to their development platforms and are used to develop changes.
+ When a developer is satisfied with a particular feature or change, they "push" the changes
+ to the appropriate "contrib" repository.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Developers are responsible for keeping their local repository up-to-date with "master".
+ They are also responsible for straightening out any conflicts that might arise within files
+ that are being worked on simultaneously by more than one person.
+ All this work is done locally on the developer’s machines before anything is pushed to a
+ "contrib" area and examined at the maintainer’s level.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A somewhat formal method exists by which developers commit changes and push them into the
+ "contrib" area and subsequently request that the maintainer include them into "master"
+ This process is called “submitting a patch” or "submitting a change."
+ For information on submitting patches and changes, see the
+ "<link linkend='how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a Change</link>" section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To summarize the environment: a single point of entry exists for
+ changes into the project’s "master" branch of the Git repository,
+ which is controlled by the project’s maintainer.
+ And, a set of developers exist who independently develop, test, and
+ submit changes to "contrib" areas for the maintainer to examine.
+ The maintainer then chooses which changes are going to become a
+ permanent part of the project.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/git-workflow.png" width="6in" depth="3in" align="left" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ While each development environment is unique, there are some best practices or methods
+ that help development run smoothly.
+ The following list describes some of these practices.
+ For more information about Git workflows, see the workflow topics in the
+ <ulink url='http://book.git-scm.com'>Git Community Book</ulink>.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Make Small Changes:</emphasis> It is best to keep the changes you commit
+ small as compared to bundling many disparate changes into a single commit.
+ This practice not only keeps things manageable but also allows the maintainer
+ to more easily include or refuse changes.</para>
+ <para>It is also good practice to leave the repository in a state that allows you to
+ still successfully build your project. In other words, do not commit half of a feature,
+ then add the other half as a separate, later commit.
+ Each commit should take you from one buildable project state to another
+ buildable state.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Use Branches Liberally:</emphasis> It is very easy to create, use, and
+ delete local branches in your working Git repository.
+ You can name these branches anything you like.
+ It is helpful to give them names associated with the particular feature or change
+ on which you are working.
+ Once you are done with a feature or change and have merged it
+ into your local master branch, simply discard the temporary
+ branch.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Merge Changes:</emphasis> The <filename>git merge</filename>
+ command allows you to take the
+ changes from one branch and fold them into another branch.
+ This process is especially helpful when more than a single developer might be working
+ on different parts of the same feature.
+ Merging changes also automatically identifies any collisions or "conflicts"
+ that might happen as a result of the same lines of code being altered by two different
+ developers.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Manage Branches:</emphasis> Because branches are easy to use, you should
+ use a system where branches indicate varying levels of code readiness.
+ For example, you can have a "work" branch to develop in, a "test" branch where the code or
+ change is tested, a "stage" branch where changes are ready to be committed, and so forth.
+ As your project develops, you can merge code across the branches to reflect ever-increasing
+ stable states of the development.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Use Push and Pull:</emphasis> The push-pull workflow is based on the
+ concept of developers "pushing" local commits to a remote repository, which is
+ usually a contribution repository.
+ This workflow is also based on developers "pulling" known states of the project down into their
+ local development repositories.
+ The workflow easily allows you to pull changes submitted by other developers from the
+ upstream repository into your work area ensuring that you have the most recent software
+ on which to develop.
+ The Yocto Project has two scripts named <filename>create-pull-request</filename> and
+ <filename>send-pull-request</filename> that ship with the release to facilitate this
+ workflow.
+ You can find these scripts in the <filename>scripts</filename>
+ folder of the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
+ For information on how to use these scripts, see the
+ "<link linkend='pushing-a-change-upstream'>Using Scripts to Push a Change Upstream and Request a Pull</link>" section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Patch Workflow:</emphasis> This workflow allows you to notify the
+ maintainer through an email that you have a change (or patch) you would like considered
+ for the "master" branch of the Git repository.
+ To send this type of change, you format the patch and then send the email using the Git commands
+ <filename>git format-patch</filename> and <filename>git send-email</filename>.
+ For information on how to use these scripts, see the
+ "<link linkend='how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a Change</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='tracking-bugs'>
+ <title>Tracking Bugs</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project uses its own implementation of
+ <ulink url='http://www.bugzilla.org/about/'>Bugzilla</ulink> to track bugs.
+ Implementations of Bugzilla work well for group development because they track bugs and code
+ changes, can be used to communicate changes and problems with developers, can be used to
+ submit and review patches, and can be used to manage quality assurance.
+ The home page for the Yocto Project implementation of Bugzilla is
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_BUGZILLA_URL;'>&YOCTO_BUGZILLA_URL;</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Sometimes it is helpful to submit, investigate, or track a bug against the Yocto Project itself
+ such as when discovering an issue with some component of the build system that acts contrary
+ to the documentation or your expectations.
+ Following is the general procedure for submitting a new bug using the Yocto Project
+ Bugzilla.
+ You can find more information on defect management, bug tracking, and feature request
+ processes all accomplished through the Yocto Project Bugzilla on the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/Bugzilla_Configuration_and_Bug_Tracking'>wiki page</ulink>.
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Always use the Yocto Project implementation of Bugzilla to submit
+ a bug.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>When submitting a new bug, be sure to choose the appropriate
+ Classification, Product, and Component for which the issue was found.
+ Defects for the Yocto Project fall into one of seven classifications:
+ Yocto Project Components, Infrastructure, Build System & Metadata,
+ Documentation, QA/Testing, Runtime and Hardware.
+ Each of these Classifications break down into multiple Products and, in some
+ cases, multiple Components.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Use the bug form to choose the correct Hardware and Architecture
+ for which the bug applies.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Indicate the Yocto Project version you were using when the issue
+ occurred.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Be sure to indicate the Severity of the bug.
+ Severity communicates how the bug impacted your work.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Select the appropriate "Documentation change" item
+ for the bug.
+ Fixing a bug may or may not affect the Yocto Project
+ documentation.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Provide a brief summary of the issue.
+ Try to limit your summary to just a line or two and be sure to capture the
+ essence of the issue.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Provide a detailed description of the issue.
+ You should provide as much detail as you can about the context, behavior, output,
+ and so forth that surrounds the issue.
+ You can even attach supporting files for output from logs by
+ using the "Add an attachment" button.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Be sure to copy the appropriate people in the
+ "CC List" for the bug.
+ See the "<link linkend='how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a Change</link>"
+ section for information about finding out who is responsible
+ for code.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Submit the bug by clicking the "Submit Bug" button.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='how-to-submit-a-change'>
+ <title>How to Submit a Change</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Contributions to the Yocto Project and OpenEmbedded are very welcome.
+ Because the system is extremely configurable and flexible, we recognize that developers
+ will want to extend, configure or optimize it for their specific uses.
+ You should send patches to the appropriate mailing list so that they
+ can be reviewed and merged by the appropriate maintainer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before submitting any change, be sure to find out who you should be
+ notifying.
+ Several methods exist through which you find out who you should be copying
+ or notifying:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Maintenance File:</emphasis>
+ Examine the <filename>maintainers.inc</filename> file, which is
+ located in the
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ at <filename>meta-yocto/conf/distro/include</filename>, to
+ see who is responsible for code.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Board Support Package (BSP) README Files:</emphasis>
+ For BSP maintainers of supported BSPs, you can examine
+ individual BSP <filename>README</filename> files.
+ In addition, some layers (such as the <filename>meta-intel</filename> layer),
+ include a <filename>MAINTAINERS</filename> file which contains
+ a list of all supported BSP maintainers for that layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Search by File:</emphasis>
+ Using <link linkend='git'>Git</link>, you can enter the
+ following command to bring up a short list of all commits
+ against a specific file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ git shortlog -- <replaceable>filename</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ Just provide the name of the file for which you are interested.
+ The information returned is not ordered by history but does
+ include a list of all committers grouped by name.
+ From the list, you can see who is responsible for the bulk of
+ the changes against the file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For a list of the Yocto Project and related mailing lists, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#resources-mailinglist'>Mailing lists</ulink>" section in
+ the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is some guidance on which mailing list to use for what type of change:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>For changes to the core
+ <link linkend='metadata'>Metadata</link>, send your patch to the
+ <ulink url='&OE_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/openembedded-core'>openembedded-core</ulink> mailing list.
+ For example, a change to anything under the <filename>meta</filename> or
+ <filename>scripts</filename> directories
+ should be sent to this mailing list.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>For changes to BitBake (anything under the <filename>bitbake</filename>
+ directory), send your patch to the
+ <ulink url='&OE_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/bitbake-devel'>bitbake-devel</ulink> mailing list.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>For changes to <filename>meta-yocto</filename>, send your patch to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/poky'>poky</ulink> mailing list.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>For changes to other layers hosted on
+ <filename>yoctoproject.org</filename> (unless the
+ layer's documentation specifies otherwise), tools, and Yocto Project
+ documentation, use the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/yocto'>yocto</ulink> mailing list.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>For additional recipes that do not fit into the core Metadata,
+ you should determine which layer the recipe should go into and submit the
+ change in the manner recommended by the documentation (e.g. README) supplied
+ with the layer. If in doubt, please ask on the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/yocto'>yocto</ulink> or
+ <ulink url='&OE_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/openembedded-devel'>openembedded-devel</ulink>
+ mailing lists.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you send a patch, be sure to include a "Signed-off-by:"
+ line in the same style as required by the Linux kernel.
+ Adding this line signifies that you, the submitter, have agreed to the Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
+ as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
+
+ By making a contribution to this project, I certify that:
+
+ (a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I
+ have the right to submit it under the open source license
+ indicated in the file; or
+
+ (b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best
+ of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source
+ license and I have the right under that license to submit that
+ work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part
+ by me, under the same open source license (unless I am
+ permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated
+ in the file; or
+
+ (c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other
+ person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
+ it.
+
+ (d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
+ are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
+ personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
+ maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
+ this project or the open source license(s) involved.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In a collaborative environment, it is necessary to have some sort of standard
+ or method through which you submit changes.
+ Otherwise, things could get quite chaotic.
+ One general practice to follow is to make small, controlled changes.
+ Keeping changes small and isolated aids review, makes merging/rebasing easier
+ and keeps the change history clean when anyone needs to refer to it in future.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you make a commit, you must follow certain standards established by the
+ OpenEmbedded and Yocto Project development teams.
+ For each commit, you must provide a single-line summary of the change and you
+ should almost always provide a more detailed description of what you did (i.e.
+ the body of the commit message).
+ The only exceptions for not providing a detailed description would be if your
+ change is a simple, self-explanatory change that needs no further description
+ beyond the summary.
+ Here are the guidelines for composing a commit message:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Provide a single-line, short summary of the change.
+ This summary is typically viewable in the "shortlist" of changes.
+ Thus, providing something short and descriptive that gives the reader
+ a summary of the change is useful when viewing a list of many commits.
+ This short description should be prefixed by the recipe name (if changing a recipe), or
+ else the short form path to the file being changed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>For the body of the commit message, provide detailed information
+ that describes what you changed, why you made the change, and the approach
+ you used. It may also be helpful if you mention how you tested the change.
+ Provide as much detail as you can in the body of the commit message.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ If the change addresses a specific bug or issue that is
+ associated with a bug-tracking ID, include a reference to that
+ ID in your detailed description.
+ For example, the Yocto Project uses a specific convention for
+ bug references - any commit that addresses a specific bug should
+ use the following form for the detailed description:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Fixes [YOCTO #<replaceable>bug-id</replaceable>]
+
+ <replaceable>detailed description of change</replaceable>
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ Where <replaceable>bug-id</replaceable> is replaced with the
+ specific bug ID from the Yocto Project Bugzilla instance.
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find more guidance on creating well-formed commit messages at this OpenEmbedded
+ wiki page:
+ <ulink url='&OE_HOME_URL;/wiki/Commit_Patch_Message_Guidelines'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The next two sections describe general instructions for both pushing
+ changes upstream and for submitting changes as patches.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='pushing-a-change-upstream'>
+ <title>Using Scripts to Push a Change Upstream and Request a Pull</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The basic flow for pushing a change to an upstream "contrib" Git repository is as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Make your changes in your local Git repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Stage your changes by using the <filename>git add</filename>
+ command on each file you changed.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Commit the change by using the
+ <filename>git commit</filename> command.
+ Be sure to provide a commit message that follows the
+ project’s commit message standards as described earlier.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Push the change to the upstream "contrib" repository by
+ using the <filename>git push</filename> command.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Notify the maintainer that you have pushed a change by making a pull
+ request.
+ The Yocto Project provides two scripts that conveniently let you generate and send
+ pull requests to the Yocto Project.
+ These scripts are <filename>create-pull-request</filename> and
+ <filename>send-pull-request</filename>.
+ You can find these scripts in the <filename>scripts</filename> directory
+ within the <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.</para>
+ <para>Using these scripts correctly formats the requests without introducing any
+ whitespace or HTML formatting.
+ The maintainer that receives your patches needs to be able to save and apply them
+ directly from your emails.
+ Using these scripts is the preferred method for sending patches.</para>
+ <para>For help on using these scripts, simply provide the
+ <filename>-h</filename> argument as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ poky/scripts/create-pull-request -h
+ $ poky/scripts/send-pull-request -h
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find general Git information on how to push a change upstream in the
+ <ulink url='http://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Distributed-Workflows'>Git Community Book</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='submitting-a-patch'>
+ <title>Using Email to Submit a Patch</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can submit patches without using the <filename>create-pull-request</filename> and
+ <filename>send-pull-request</filename> scripts described in the previous section.
+ However, keep in mind, the preferred method is to use the scripts.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Depending on the components changed, you need to submit the email to a specific
+ mailing list.
+ For some guidance on which mailing list to use, see the list in the
+ "<link linkend='how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a Change</link>"
+ section.
+ For a description of the available mailing lists, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#resources-mailinglist'>Mailing Lists</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is the general procedure on how to submit a patch through email without using the
+ scripts:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Make your changes in your local Git repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Stage your changes by using the <filename>git add</filename>
+ command on each file you changed.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Commit the change by using the
+ <filename>git commit --signoff</filename> command.
+ Using the <filename>--signoff</filename> option identifies you as the person
+ making the change and also satisfies the Developer's Certificate of
+ Origin (DCO) shown earlier.</para>
+ <para>When you form a commit, you must follow certain standards established by the
+ Yocto Project development team.
+ See the earlier section
+ "<link linkend='how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a Change</link>"
+ for Yocto Project commit message standards.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Format the commit into an email message.
+ To format commits, use the <filename>git format-patch</filename> command.
+ When you provide the command, you must include a revision list or a number of patches
+ as part of the command.
+ For example, either of these two commands takes your most
+ recent single commit and formats it as an email message in
+ the current directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git format-patch -1
+ </literallayout>
+ or
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git format-patch HEAD~
+ </literallayout></para>
+ <para>After the command is run, the current directory contains a
+ numbered <filename>.patch</filename> file for the commit.</para>
+ <para>If you provide several commits as part of the command,
+ the <filename>git format-patch</filename> command produces a
+ series of numbered files in the current directory – one for each commit.
+ If you have more than one patch, you should also use the
+ <filename>--cover</filename> option with the command, which generates a
+ cover letter as the first "patch" in the series.
+ You can then edit the cover letter to provide a description for
+ the series of patches.
+ For information on the <filename>git format-patch</filename> command,
+ see <filename>GIT_FORMAT_PATCH(1)</filename> displayed using the
+ <filename>man git-format-patch</filename> command.</para>
+ <note>If you are or will be a frequent contributor to the Yocto Project
+ or to OpenEmbedded, you might consider requesting a contrib area and the
+ necessary associated rights.</note></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Import the files into your mail client by using the
+ <filename>git send-email</filename> command.
+ <note>In order to use <filename>git send-email</filename>, you must have the
+ the proper Git packages installed.
+ For Ubuntu, Debian, and Fedora the package is <filename>git-email</filename>.</note></para>
+ <para>The <filename>git send-email</filename> command sends email by using a local
+ or remote Mail Transport Agent (MTA) such as
+ <filename>msmtp</filename>, <filename>sendmail</filename>, or through a direct
+ <filename>smtp</filename> configuration in your Git <filename>config</filename>
+ file.
+ If you are submitting patches through email only, it is very important
+ that you submit them without any whitespace or HTML formatting that
+ either you or your mailer introduces.
+ The maintainer that receives your patches needs to be able to save and
+ apply them directly from your emails.
+ A good way to verify that what you are sending will be applicable by the
+ maintainer is to do a dry run and send them to yourself and then
+ save and apply them as the maintainer would.</para>
+ <para>The <filename>git send-email</filename> command is the preferred method
+ for sending your patches since there is no risk of compromising whitespace
+ in the body of the message, which can occur when you use your own mail client.
+ The command also has several options that let you
+ specify recipients and perform further editing of the email message.
+ For information on how to use the <filename>git send-email</filename> command,
+ see <filename>GIT-SEND-EMAIL(1)</filename> displayed using
+ the <filename>man git-send-email</filename> command.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-qemu.xml b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-qemu.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccc915f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-qemu.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='dev-manual-qemu'>
+
+<title>Using the Quick EMUlator (QEMU)</title>
+
+<para>
+ Quick EMUlator (QEMU) is an Open Source project the Yocto Project uses
+ as part of its development "tool set".
+ As such, the information in this chapter is limited to the
+ Yocto Project integration of QEMU and not QEMU in general.
+ For official information and documentation on QEMU, see the
+ following references:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><ulink url='http://wiki.qemu.org/Main_Page'>QEMU Website</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ The official website for the QEMU Open Source project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><ulink url='http://wiki.qemu.org/Manual'>Documentation</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ The QEMU user manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+ This chapter provides an overview of the Yocto Project's integration of
+ QEMU, a description of how you use QEMU and its various options, running
+ under a Network File System (NFS) server, and a few tips and tricks you
+ might find helpful when using QEMU.
+</para>
+
+<section id='qemu-overview'>
+ <title>Overview</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Within the context of the Yocto Project, QEMU is an
+ emulator and virtualization machine that allows you to run a complete
+ image you have built using the Yocto Project as just another task
+ on your build system.
+ QEMU is useful for running and testing images and applications on
+ supported Yocto Project architectures without having actual hardware.
+ Among other things, the Yocto Project uses QEMU to run automated
+ Quality Assurance (QA) tests on final images shipped with each
+ release.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ QEMU is made available with the Yocto Project a number of ways.
+ The easiest and recommended method for getting QEMU is to run the
+ ADT installer. For more information on how to make sure you have
+ QEMU available, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#the-qemu-emulator'>The QEMU Emulator</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='qemu-running-qemu'>
+ <title>Running QEMU</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Running QEMU involves having your build environment set up, having the
+ right artifacts available, and understanding how to use the many
+ options that are available to you when you start QEMU using the
+ <filename>runqemu</filename> command.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='qemu-setting-up-the-environment'>
+ <title>Setting Up the Environment</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You run QEMU in the same environment from which you run BitBake.
+ This means you need to source a build environment script (i.e.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>).
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='qemu-using-the-runqemu-command'>
+ <title>Using the <filename>runqemu</filename> Command</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The basic <filename>runqemu</filename> command syntax is as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ runqemu [<replaceable>option</replaceable> ] [...]
+ </literallayout>
+ Based on what you provide on the command line,
+ <filename>runqemu</filename> does a good job of figuring out what
+ you are trying to do.
+ For example, by default, QEMU looks for the most recently built
+ image according to the timestamp when it needs to look for an
+ image.
+ Minimally, through the use of options, you must provide either
+ a machine name, a virtual machine image
+ (<filename>*.vmdk</filename>), or a kernel image
+ (<filename>*.bin</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is a description of <filename>runqemu</filename>
+ options you can provide on the command line:
+ <note><title>Tip</title>
+ If you do provide some "illegal" option combination or perhaps
+ you do not provide enough in the way of options,
+ <filename>runqemu</filename> provides appropriate error
+ messaging to help you correct the problem.
+ </note>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><replaceable>QEMUARCH</replaceable>:
+ The QEMU machine architecture, which must be "qemux86",
+ "qemux86_64", "qemuarm", "qemumips", "qemumipsel",
+ “qemumips64", "qemush4", "qemuppc", "qemumicroblaze",
+ or "qemuzynq".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><replaceable>VM</replaceable></filename>:
+ The virtual machine image, which must be a
+ <filename>.vmdk</filename> file.
+ Use this option when you want to boot a
+ <filename>.vmdk</filename> image.
+ The image filename you provide must contain one of the
+ following strings: "qemux86-64", "qemux86", "qemuarm",
+ "qemumips64", "qemumips", "qemuppc", or "qemush4".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><replaceable>ROOTFS</replaceable>:
+ A root filesystem that has one of the following
+ filetype extensions: "ext2", "ext3", "ext4", "jffs2",
+ "nfs", or "btrfs".
+ If the filename you provide for this option uses “nfs”, it
+ must provide an explicit root filesystem path.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><replaceable>KERNEL</replaceable>:
+ A kernel image, which is a <filename>.bin</filename> file.
+ When you provide a <filename>.bin</filename> file,
+ <filename>runqemu</filename> detects it and assumes the
+ file is a kernel image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><replaceable>MACHINE</replaceable>:
+ The architecture of the QEMU machine, which must be one
+ of the following: "qemux86",
+ "qemux86-64", "qemuarm", "qemumips", "qemumipsel",
+ “qemumips64", "qemush4", "qemuppc", "qemumicroblaze",
+ or "qemuzynq".
+ The <replaceable>MACHINE</replaceable> and
+ <replaceable>QEMUARCH</replaceable> options are basically
+ identical.
+ If you do not provide a <replaceable>MACHINE</replaceable>
+ option, <filename>runqemu</filename> tries to determine
+ it based on other options.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>ramfs</filename>:
+ Indicates you are booting an initial RAM disk (initramfs)
+ image, which means the <filename>FSTYPE</filename> is
+ <filename>cpio.gz</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>iso</filename>:
+ Indicates you are booting an ISO image, which means the
+ <filename>FSTYPE</filename> is
+ <filename>.iso</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>nographic</filename>:
+ Disables the video console, which sets the console to
+ "ttys0".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>serial</filename>:
+ Enables a serial console on
+ <filename>/dev/ttyS0</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>biosdir</filename>:
+ Establishes a custom directory for BIOS, VGA BIOS and
+ keymaps.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>biosfilename</filename>:
+ Establishes a custom BIOS name.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>qemuparams=\"<replaceable>xyz</replaceable>\"</filename>:
+ Specifies custom QEMU parameters.
+ Use this option to pass options other than the simple
+ "kvm" and "serial" options.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bootparams=\"<replaceable>xyz</replaceable>\"</filename>:
+ Specifies custom boot parameters for the kernel.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>audio</filename>:
+ Enables audio in QEMU.
+ The <replaceable>MACHINE</replaceable> option must be
+ either "qemux86" or "qemux86-64" in order for audio to be
+ enabled.
+ Additionally, the <filename>snd_intel8x0</filename>
+ or <filename>snd_ens1370</filename> driver must be
+ installed in linux guest.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>slirp</filename>:
+ Enables "slirp" networking, which is a different way
+ of networking that does not need root access
+ but also is not as easy to use or comprehensive
+ as the default.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>kvm</filename>:
+ Enables KVM when running "qemux86" or "qemux86-64"
+ QEMU architectures.
+ For KVM to work, all the following conditions must be met:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Your <replaceable>MACHINE</replaceable> must be either
+ "qemux86" or "qemux86-64".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Your build host has to have the KVM modules
+ installed, which are
+ <filename>/dev/kvm</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Your build host has to have virtio net device, which
+ are <filename>/dev/vhost-net</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The build host <filename>/dev/kvm</filename>
+ directory has to be both writable and readable.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The build host <filename>/dev/vhost-net</filename>
+ directory has to be either readable or writable
+ and “slirp-enabled”.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>publicvnc</filename>:
+ Enables a VNC server open to all hosts.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For further understanding regarding option use with
+ <filename>runqemu</filename>, consider some examples.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This example starts QEMU with
+ <replaceable>MACHINE</replaceable> set to "qemux86".
+ Assuming a standard
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>,
+ <filename>runqemu</filename> automatically finds the
+ <filename>bzImage-qemux86.bin</filename> image file and
+ the
+ <filename>core-image-minimal-qemux86-20140707074611.rootfs.ext3</filename>
+ (assuming the current build created a
+ <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> image).
+ <note>
+ When more than one image with the same name exists, QEMU finds
+ and uses the most recently built image according to the
+ timestamp.
+ </note>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ runqemu qemux86
+ </literallayout>
+ This example produces the exact same results as the
+ previous example.
+ This command, however, specifically provides the image
+ and root filesystem type.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ runqemu qemux86 core-image-minimal ext3
+ </literallayout>
+ This example specifies to boot an initial RAM disk image
+ and to enable audio in QEMU.
+ For this case, <filename>runqemu</filename> set the
+ internal variable <filename>FSTYPE</filename> to
+ "cpio.gz".
+ Also, for audio to be enabled, an appropriate driver must
+ be installed (see the previous description for the
+ <filename>audio</filename> option for more information).
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ runqemu qemux86 ramfs audio
+ </literallayout>
+ This example does not provide enough information for
+ QEMU to launch.
+ While the command does provide a root filesystem type, it
+ must also minimally provide a
+ <replaceable>MACHINE</replaceable>,
+ <replaceable>KERNEL</replaceable>, or
+ <replaceable>VM</replaceable> option.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ runqemu ext3
+ </literallayout>
+ This example specifies to boot a virtual machine image
+ (<filename>.vmdk</filename> file).
+ From the <filename>.vmdk</filename>,
+ <filename>runqemu</filename> determines the QEMU
+ architecture (<replaceable>MACHINE</replaceable>) to be
+ "qemux86" and the root filesystem type to be "vmdk".
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ runqemu /home/scott-lenovo/vm/core-image-minimal-qemux86.vmdk
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='qemu-running-under-a-network-file-system-nfs-server'>
+ <title>Running Under a Network File System (NFS) Server</title>
+
+ <para>
+ One method for running QEMU is to run it on an NFS server.
+ This is useful when you need to access the same file system from both
+ the build and the emulated system at the same time.
+ It is also worth noting that the system does not need root privileges
+ to run.
+ It uses a user space NFS server to avoid that.
+ This section describes how to set up for running QEMU using an NFS
+ server and then how you can start and stop the server.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='qemu-setting-up-to-use-nfs'>
+ <title>Setting Up to Use NFS</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you are able to run QEMU in your environment, you can use the
+ <filename>runqemu-extract-sdk</filename> script, which is located
+ in the <filename>scripts</filename> directory along with
+ <filename>runqemu</filename> script.
+ The <filename>runqemu-extract-sdk</filename> takes a root
+ file system tarball and extracts it into a location that you
+ specify.
+ Then, when you run <filename>runqemu</filename>, you can specify
+ the location that has the file system to pass it to QEMU.
+ Here is an example that takes a file system and extracts it to
+ a directory named <filename>test-nfs</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ runqemu-extract-sdk ./tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/core-image-sato-qemux86.tar.bz2 test-nfs
+ </literallayout>
+ Once you have extracted the file system, you can run
+ <filename>runqemu</filename> normally with the additional
+ location of the file system.
+ You can then also make changes to the files within
+ <filename>./test-nfs</filename> and see those changes appear in the
+ image in real time.
+ Here is an example using the <filename>qemux86</filename> image:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ runqemu qemux86 ./test-nfs
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='qemu-starting-and-stopping-nfs'>
+ <title>Starting and Stopping NFS</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can manually start and stop the NFS share using these
+ commands:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>start</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Starts the NFS share:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ runqemu-export-rootfs start <replaceable>file-system-location</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>stop</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Stops the NFS share:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ runqemu-export-rootfs stop <replaceable>file-system-location</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>restart</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Restarts the NFS share:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ runqemu-export-rootfs restart <replaceable>file-system-location</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='qemu-tips-and-tricks'>
+ <title>Tips and Tricks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list describes things you can do to make running QEMU
+ in the context of the Yocto Project a better experience:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Switching Between Consoles:</emphasis>
+ When booting or running QEMU, you can switch between
+ supported consoles by using
+ Ctrl+Alt+<replaceable>number</replaceable>.
+ For example, Ctrl+Alt+3 switches you to the serial console as
+ long as that console is enabled.
+ Being able to switch consoles is helpful, for example, if the
+ main QEMU console breaks for some reason.
+ <note>
+ Usually, "2" gets you to the main console and "3" gets you
+ to the serial console.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Removing the Splash Screen:</emphasis>
+ You can remove the splash screen when QEMU is booting by
+ using Alt+left.
+ Removing the splash screen allows you to see what is happening
+ in the background.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Disabling the Cursor Grab:</emphasis>
+ The default QEMU integration captures the cursor within the
+ main window.
+ It does this since standard mouse devices only provide relative
+ input and not absolute coordinates.
+ You then have to break out of the grab using the "Ctrl+Alt" key
+ combination.
+ However, the Yocto Project's integration of QEMU enables the
+ wacom USB touch pad driver by default to allow input of absolute
+ coordinates.
+ This default means that the mouse can enter and leave the
+ main window without the grab taking effect leading to a better
+ user experience.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-start.xml b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-start.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db989b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual-start.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='dev-manual-start'>
+
+<title>Getting Started with the Yocto Project</title>
+
+<para>
+ This chapter introduces the Yocto Project and gives you an idea of what you need to get started.
+ You can find enough information to set up your development host and build or use images for
+ hardware supported by the Yocto Project by reading the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;'>Yocto Project Quick Start</ulink>.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+ The remainder of this chapter summarizes what is in the Yocto Project Quick Start and provides
+ some higher-level concepts you might want to consider.
+</para>
+
+<section id='introducing-the-yocto-project'>
+ <title>Introducing the Yocto Project</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project is an open-source collaboration project focused on embedded Linux development.
+ The project currently provides a build system that is
+ referred to as the
+ <link linkend='build-system-term'>OpenEmbedded build system</link>
+ in the Yocto Project documentation.
+ The Yocto Project provides various ancillary tools for the embedded developer
+ and also features the Sato reference User Interface, which is optimized for
+ stylus-driven, low-resolution screens.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use the OpenEmbedded build system, which uses
+ <link linkend='bitbake-term'>BitBake</link>, to develop complete Linux
+ images and associated user-space applications for architectures based
+ on ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, x86 and x86-64.
+ <note>
+ By default, using the Yocto Project creates a Poky distribution.
+ However, you can create your own distribution by providing key
+ <link linkend='metadata'>Metadata</link>.
+ See the "<link linkend='creating-your-own-distribution'>Creating Your Own Distribution</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </note>
+ While the Yocto Project does not provide a strict testing framework,
+ it does provide or generate for you artifacts that let you perform target-level and
+ emulated testing and debugging.
+ Additionally, if you are an <trademark class='trade'>Eclipse</trademark>
+ IDE user, you can install an Eclipse Yocto Plug-in to allow you to
+ develop within that familiar environment.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='getting-setup'>
+ <title>Getting Set Up</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is what you need to use the Yocto Project:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Host System:</emphasis> You should have a reasonably current
+ Linux-based host system.
+ You will have the best results with a recent release of Fedora,
+ openSUSE, Debian, Ubuntu, or CentOS as these releases are frequently tested against the Yocto Project
+ and officially supported.
+ For a list of the distributions under validation and their status, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#detailed-supported-distros'>Supported Linux Distributions</ulink>" section
+ in the Yocto Project Reference Manual and the wiki page at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/Distribution_Support'>Distribution Support</ulink>.</para>
+ <para>
+ You should also have about 50 Gbytes of free disk space for building images.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Packages:</emphasis> The OpenEmbedded build system
+ requires that certain packages exist on your development system (e.g. Python 2.7).
+ See "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#packages'>The Build Host Packages</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Quick Start and the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>Required Packages for the Host Development System</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for the exact
+ package requirements and the installation commands to install
+ them for the supported distributions.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem id='local-yp-release'><para><emphasis>Yocto Project Release:</emphasis>
+ You need a release of the Yocto Project locally installed on
+ your development system.
+ The documentation refers to this set of locally installed files
+ as the <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>.
+ You create your Source Directory by using
+ <link linkend='git'>Git</link> to clone a local copy
+ of the upstream <filename>poky</filename> repository,
+ or by downloading and unpacking a tarball of an official
+ Yocto Project release.
+ The preferred method is to create a clone of the repository.
+ </para>
+ <para>Working from a copy of the upstream repository allows you
+ to contribute back into the Yocto Project or simply work with
+ the latest software on a development branch.
+ Because Git maintains and creates an upstream repository with
+ a complete history of changes and you are working with a local
+ clone of that repository, you have access to all the Yocto
+ Project development branches and tag names used in the upstream
+ repository.</para>
+ <note>You can view the Yocto Project Source Repositories at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'></ulink>
+ </note>
+ <para>The following transcript shows how to clone the
+ <filename>poky</filename> Git repository into the current
+ working directory.
+ The command creates the local repository in a directory
+ named <filename>poky</filename>.
+ For information on Git used within the Yocto Project, see
+ the "<link linkend='git'>Git</link>" section.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
+ Cloning into 'poky'...
+ remote: Counting objects: 226790, done.
+ remote: Compressing objects: 100% (57465/57465), done.
+ remote: Total 226790 (delta 165212), reused 225887 (delta 164327)
+ Receiving objects: 100% (226790/226790), 100.98 MiB | 263 KiB/s, done.
+ Resolving deltas: 100% (165212/165212), done.
+ </literallayout></para>
+ <para>For another example of how to set up your own local Git
+ repositories, see this
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/Transcript:_from_git_checkout_to_meta-intel_BSP'>
+ wiki page</ulink>, which describes how to create local
+ Git repositories for both
+ <filename>poky</filename> and <filename>meta-intel</filename>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ You can also get the Yocto Project Files by downloading
+ Yocto Project releases from the
+ <ulink url="&YOCTO_HOME_URL;">Yocto Project website</ulink>.
+ From the website, you just click "Downloads" in the navigation
+ pane to the left to display all Yocto Project downloads.
+ Current and archived releases are available for download.
+ Nightly and developmental builds are also maintained at
+ <ulink url="&YOCTO_AB_NIGHTLY_URL;"></ulink>.
+ One final site you can visit for information on Yocto Project
+ releases is the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/Releases'>Releases</ulink>
+ wiki.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem id='local-kernel-files'><para><emphasis>Yocto Project Kernel:</emphasis>
+ If you are going to be making modifications to a supported Yocto Project kernel, you
+ need to establish local copies of the source.
+ You can find Git repositories of supported Yocto Project kernels organized under
+ "Yocto Linux Kernel" in the Yocto Project Source Repositories at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.</para>
+ <para>This setup can involve creating a bare clone of the Yocto Project kernel and then
+ copying that cloned repository.
+ You can create the bare clone and the copy of the bare clone anywhere you like.
+ For simplicity, it is recommended that you create these structures outside of the
+ Source Directory, which is usually named <filename>poky</filename>.</para>
+ <para>As an example, the following transcript shows how to create the bare clone
+ of the <filename>linux-yocto-3.19</filename> kernel and then create a copy of
+ that clone.
+ <note>When you have a local Yocto Project kernel Git repository, you can
+ reference that repository rather than the upstream Git repository as
+ part of the <filename>clone</filename> command.
+ Doing so can speed up the process.</note></para>
+ <para>In the following example, the bare clone is named
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.19.git</filename>, while the
+ copy is named <filename>my-linux-yocto-3.19-work</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git clone --bare git://git.yoctoproject.org/linux-yocto-3.19 linux-yocto-3.19.git
+ Cloning into bare repository 'linux-yocto-3.19.git'...
+ remote: Counting objects: 3983256, done.
+ remote: Compressing objects: 100% (605006/605006), done.
+ remote: Total 3983256 (delta 3352832), reused 3974503 (delta 3344079)
+ Receiving objects: 100% (3983256/3983256), 843.66 MiB | 1.07 MiB/s, done.
+ Resolving deltas: 100% (3352832/3352832), done.
+ Checking connectivity... done.
+ </literallayout></para>
+ <para>Now create a clone of the bare clone just created:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git clone linux-yocto-3.19.git my-linux-yocto-3.19-work
+ Cloning into 'my-linux-yocto-3.19-work'...
+ done.
+ Checking out files: 100% (48440/48440), done.
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem id='meta-yocto-kernel-extras-repo'><para><emphasis>
+ The <filename>meta-yocto-kernel-extras</filename> Git Repository</emphasis>:
+ The <filename>meta-yocto-kernel-extras</filename> Git repository contains Metadata needed
+ only if you are modifying and building the kernel image.
+ In particular, it contains the kernel BitBake append (<filename>.bbappend</filename>)
+ files that you
+ edit to point to your locally modified kernel source files and to build the kernel
+ image.
+ Pointing to these local files is much more efficient than requiring a download of the
+ kernel's source files from upstream each time you make changes to the kernel.</para>
+ <para>You can find the <filename>meta-yocto-kernel-extras</filename> Git Repository in the
+ "Yocto Metadata Layers" area of the Yocto Project Source Repositories at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.
+ It is good practice to create this Git repository inside the Source Directory.</para>
+ <para>Following is an example that creates the <filename>meta-yocto-kernel-extras</filename> Git
+ repository inside the Source Directory, which is named <filename>poky</filename>
+ in this case:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~/poky
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/meta-yocto-kernel-extras meta-yocto-kernel-extras
+ Cloning into 'meta-yocto-kernel-extras'...
+ remote: Counting objects: 727, done.
+ remote: Compressing objects: 100% (452/452), done.
+ remote: Total 727 (delta 260), reused 719 (delta 252)
+ Receiving objects: 100% (727/727), 536.36 KiB | 240 KiB/s, done.
+ Resolving deltas: 100% (260/260), done.
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para id='supported-board-support-packages-(bsps)'><emphasis>Supported Board Support Packages (BSPs):</emphasis>
+ The Yocto Project supports many BSPs, which are maintained in
+ their own layers or in layers designed to contain several
+ BSPs.
+ To get an idea of machine support through BSP layers, you can
+ look at the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_RELEASE_DL_URL;/machines'>index of machines</ulink>
+ for the release.</para>
+
+ <para>The Yocto Project uses the following BSP layer naming
+ scheme:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ where <replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable> is the recognized
+ BSP name.
+ Here are some examples:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-crownbay
+ meta-emenlow
+ meta-raspberrypi
+ </literallayout>
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-layers'>BSP Layers</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP)
+ Developer's Guide for more information on BSP Layers.</para>
+
+ <para>A useful Git repository released with the Yocto
+ Project is <filename>meta-intel</filename>, which is a
+ parent layer that contains many supported
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-layers'>BSP Layers</ulink>.
+ You can locate the <filename>meta-intel</filename> Git
+ repository in the "Yocto Metadata Layers" area of the Yocto
+ Project Source Repositories at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>Using
+ <link linkend='git'>Git</link> to create a local clone of the
+ upstream repository can be helpful if you are working with
+ BSPs.
+ Typically, you set up the <filename>meta-intel</filename>
+ Git repository inside the Source Directory.
+ For example, the following transcript shows the steps to clone
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename>.
+ <note>
+ Be sure to work in the <filename>meta-intel</filename>
+ branch that matches your
+ <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
+ (i.e. <filename>poky</filename>) branch.
+ For example, if you have checked out the "master" branch
+ of <filename>poky</filename> and you are going to use
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename>, be sure to checkout the
+ "master" branch of <filename>meta-intel</filename>.
+ </note>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~/poky
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/meta-intel.git
+ Cloning into 'meta-intel'...
+ remote: Counting objects: 8844, done.
+ remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2864/2864), done.
+ remote: Total 8844 (delta 4931), reused 8780 (delta 4867)
+ Receiving objects: 100% (8844/8844), 2.48 MiB | 264 KiB/s, done.
+ Resolving deltas: 100% (4931/4931), done.
+ </literallayout></para>
+
+ <para>The same
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/Transcript:_from_git_checkout_to_meta-intel_BSP'>wiki page</ulink>
+ referenced earlier covers how to set up the
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename> Git repository.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Eclipse Yocto Plug-in:</emphasis> If you are developing
+ applications using the Eclipse Integrated Development Environment (IDE),
+ you will need this plug-in.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='setting-up-the-eclipse-ide'>Setting up the Eclipse IDE</link>"
+ section for more information.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='building-images'>
+ <title>Building Images</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The build process creates an entire Linux distribution, including the toolchain, from source.
+ For more information on this topic, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#qs-building-images'>Building Images</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Quick Start.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The build process is as follows:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Make sure you have set up the Source Directory described in the
+ previous section.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Initialize the build environment by sourcing a build
+ environment script (i.e.
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Optionally ensure the <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> configuration file,
+ which is found in the
+ <link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>,
+ is set up how you want it.
+ This file defines many aspects of the build environment including
+ the target machine architecture through the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'>MACHINE</ulink></filename> variable,
+ the packaging format used during the build
+ (<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></ulink>),
+ and a centralized tarball download directory through the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DL_DIR'>DL_DIR</ulink></filename> variable.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Build the image using the <filename>bitbake</filename> command.
+ If you want information on BitBake, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Run the image either on the actual hardware or using the QEMU
+ emulator.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='using-pre-built-binaries-and-qemu'>
+ <title>Using Pre-Built Binaries and QEMU</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have to get started is to use pre-built binaries.
+ The Yocto Project provides many types of binaries with each release.
+ See the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
+ chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual
+ for descriptions of the types of binaries that ship with a Yocto Project
+ release.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Using a pre-built binary is ideal for developing software applications to run on your
+ target hardware.
+ To do this, you need to be able to access the appropriate cross-toolchain tarball for
+ the architecture on which you are developing.
+ If you are using an SDK type image, the image ships with the complete toolchain native to
+ the architecture.
+ If you are not using an SDK type image, you need to separately download and
+ install the stand-alone Yocto Project cross-toolchain tarball.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Regardless of the type of image you are using, you need to download the pre-built kernel
+ that you will boot in the QEMU emulator and then download and extract the target root
+ filesystem for your target machine’s architecture.
+ You can get architecture-specific binaries and file systems from
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_MACHINES_DL_URL;'>machines</ulink>.
+ You can get installation scripts for stand-alone toolchains from
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_TOOLCHAIN_DL_URL;'>toolchains</ulink>.
+ Once you have all your files, you set up the environment to emulate the hardware
+ by sourcing an environment setup script.
+ Finally, you start the QEMU emulator.
+ You can find details on all these steps in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#using-pre-built'>Example Using Pre-Built Binaries and QEMU</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ You can learn more about using QEMU with the Yocto Project in the
+ "<link linkend='dev-manual-qemu'>Using the Quick EMUlator (QEMU)</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Using QEMU to emulate your hardware can result in speed issues
+ depending on the target and host architecture mix.
+ For example, using the <filename>qemux86</filename> image in the emulator
+ on an Intel-based 32-bit (x86) host machine is fast because the target and
+ host architectures match.
+ On the other hand, using the <filename>qemuarm</filename> image on the same Intel-based
+ host can be slower.
+ But, you still achieve faithful emulation of ARM-specific issues.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To speed things up, the QEMU images support using <filename>distcc</filename>
+ to call a cross-compiler outside the emulated system.
+ If you used <filename>runqemu</filename> to start QEMU, and the
+ <filename>distccd</filename> application is present on the host system, any
+ BitBake cross-compiling toolchain available from the build system is automatically
+ used from within QEMU simply by calling <filename>distcc</filename>.
+ You can accomplish this by defining the cross-compiler variable
+ (e.g. <filename>export CC="distcc"</filename>).
+ Alternatively, if you are using a suitable SDK image or the appropriate
+ stand-alone toolchain is present,
+ the toolchain is also automatically used.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Several mechanisms exist that let you connect to the system running on the
+ QEMU emulator:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>QEMU provides a framebuffer interface that makes standard
+ consoles available.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Generally, headless embedded devices have a serial port.
+ If so, you can configure the operating system of the running image
+ to use that port to run a console.
+ The connection uses standard IP networking.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ SSH servers exist in some QEMU images.
+ The <filename>core-image-sato</filename> QEMU image has a
+ Dropbear secure shell (SSH) server that runs with the root
+ password disabled.
+ The <filename>core-image-full-cmdline</filename> and
+ <filename>core-image-lsb</filename> QEMU images
+ have OpenSSH instead of Dropbear.
+ Including these SSH servers allow you to use standard
+ <filename>ssh</filename> and <filename>scp</filename> commands.
+ The <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> QEMU image,
+ however, contains no SSH server.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You can use a provided, user-space NFS server to boot the QEMU session
+ using a local copy of the root filesystem on the host.
+ In order to make this connection, you must extract a root filesystem tarball by using the
+ <filename>runqemu-extract-sdk</filename> command.
+ After running the command, you must then point the <filename>runqemu</filename>
+ script to the extracted directory instead of a root filesystem image file.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </note>
+</section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual.xml b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..608d3a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-manual.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<book id='dev-manual' lang='en'
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
+ xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ >
+ <bookinfo>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref='figures/dev-title.png'
+ format='SVG'
+ align='left' scalefit='1' width='100%'/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ <title>
+ Yocto Project Development Manual
+ </title>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Scott</firstname> <surname>Rifenbark</surname>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>Intel Corporation</orgname>
+ </affiliation>
+ <email>scott.m.rifenbark@intel.com</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+
+ <revhistory>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.1</revnumber>
+ <date>6 October 2011</date>
+ <revremark>The initial document released with the Yocto Project 1.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.2</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2012</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.2 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.3</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2012</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.3 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.4</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.4 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5.1</revnumber>
+ <date>January 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.6</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.6 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.7</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.7 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.8</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.8 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.9</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.9 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>©RIGHT_YEAR;</year>
+ <holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <legalnotice>
+ <para>
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
+ the terms of the <ulink type="http" url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">
+ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales</ulink> as published by
+ Creative Commons.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ For the latest version of this manual associated with this
+ Yocto Project release, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Development Manual</ulink>
+ from the Yocto Project website.
+ </note>
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ </bookinfo>
+
+ <xi:include href="dev-manual-intro.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="dev-manual-start.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="dev-manual-newbie.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="dev-manual-model.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="dev-manual-common-tasks.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="dev-manual-qemu.xml"/>
+
+</book>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/dev-style.css b/documentation/dev-manual/dev-style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b900ffc
--- /dev/null
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+
+ Browser wrangling and typographic design by
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+
+ Customised for Poky by
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+
+ Thanks to:
+ Liam R. E. Quin
+ William Skaggs
+ Jakub Steiner
+
+ Structure
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diff --git a/documentation/dev-manual/figures/app-dev-flow.png b/documentation/dev-manual/figures/app-dev-flow.png
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diff --git a/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-advanced.xml b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-advanced.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fdb853
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-advanced.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1088 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='kernel-dev-advanced'>
+<title>Working with Advanced Metadata</title>
+
+<section id='kernel-dev-advanced-overview'>
+ <title>Overview</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In addition to supporting configuration fragments and patches, the
+ Yocto Project kernel tools also support rich
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink> that you can
+ use to define complex policies and Board Support Package (BSP) support.
+ The purpose of the Metadata and the tools that manage it, known as
+ the kern-tools (<filename>kern-tools-native_git.bb</filename>), is
+ to help you manage the complexity of the configuration and sources
+ used to support multiple BSPs and Linux kernel types.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='using-kernel-metadata-in-a-recipe'>
+ <title>Using Kernel Metadata in a Recipe</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The kernel sources in the Yocto Project contain kernel Metadata, which
+ is located in the <filename>meta</filename> branches of the kernel
+ source Git repositories.
+ This Metadata defines Board Support Packages (BSPs) that
+ correspond to definitions in linux-yocto recipes for the same BSPs.
+ A BSP consists of an aggregation of kernel policy and hardware-specific
+ feature enablements.
+ The BSP can be influenced from within the linux-yocto recipe.
+ <note>
+ Linux kernel source that contains kernel Metadata is said to be
+ "linux-yocto style" kernel source.
+ A Linux kernel recipe that inherits from the
+ <filename>linux-yocto.inc</filename> include file is said to be a
+ "linux-yocto style" recipe.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Every linux-yocto style recipe must define the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KMACHINE'><filename>KMACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ This variable is typically set to the same value as the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ variable, which is used by
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>.
+ However, in some cases, the variable might instead refer to the
+ underlying platform of the <filename>MACHINE</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Multiple BSPs can reuse the same <filename>KMACHINE</filename>
+ name if they are built using the same BSP description.
+ The "ep108-zynqmp" and "qemuzynqmp" BSP combination
+ in the <filename>meta-xilinx</filename>
+ layer is a good example of two BSPs using the same
+ <filename>KMACHINE</filename> value (i.e. "zynqmp").
+ See the <link linkend='bsp-descriptions'>BSP Descriptions</link> section
+ for more information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Every linux-yocto style recipe must also indicate the Linux kernel
+ source repository branch used to build the Linux kernel.
+ The <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KBRANCH'><filename>KBRANCH</filename></ulink>
+ variable must be set to indicate the branch.
+ <note>
+ You can use the <filename>KBRANCH</filename> value to define an
+ alternate branch typically with a machine override as shown here
+ from the <filename>meta-emenlow</filename> layer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KBRANCH_emenlow-noemgd = "standard/base"
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The linux-yocto style recipes can optionally define the following
+ variables:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KERNEL_FEATURES'>KERNEL_FEATURES</ulink>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE'>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</ulink>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename> defines the kernel type to be
+ used in assembling the configuration.
+ If you do not specify a <filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename>,
+ it defaults to "standard".
+ Together with
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KMACHINE'><filename>KMACHINE</filename></ulink>,
+ <filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename> defines the search
+ arguments used by the kernel tools to find the
+ appropriate description within the kernel Metadata with which to
+ build out the sources and configuration.
+ The linux-yocto recipes define "standard", "tiny", and "preempt-rt"
+ kernel types.
+ See the "<link linkend='kernel-types'>Kernel Types</link>" section
+ for more information on kernel types.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ During the build, the kern-tools search for the BSP description
+ file that most closely matches the <filename>KMACHINE</filename>
+ and <filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename> variables passed in from the
+ recipe.
+ The tools use the first BSP description it finds that match
+ both variables.
+ If the tools cannot find a match, they issue a warning such as
+ the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ WARNING: Can't find any BSP hardware or required configuration fragments.
+ WARNING: Looked at meta/cfg/broken/emenlow-broken/hdw_frags.txt and
+ meta/cfg/broken/emenlow-broken/required_frags.txt in directory:
+ meta/cfg/broken/emenlow-broken
+ </literallayout>
+ In this example, <filename>KMACHINE</filename> was set to "emenlow-broken"
+ and <filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename> was set to "broken".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The tools first search for the <filename>KMACHINE</filename> and
+ then for the <filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename>.
+ If the tools cannot find a partial match, they will use the
+ sources from the <filename>KBRANCH</filename> and any configuration
+ specified in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use the <filename>KERNEL_FEATURES</filename> variable
+ to include features (configuration fragments, patches, or both) that
+ are not already included by the <filename>KMACHINE</filename> and
+ <filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename> variable combination.
+ For example, to include a feature specified as
+ "features/netfilter/netfilter.scc",
+ specify:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KERNEL_FEATURES += "features/netfilter/netfilter.scc"
+ </literallayout>
+ To include a feature called "cfg/sound.scc" just for the
+ <filename>qemux86</filename> machine, specify:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KERNEL_FEATURES_append_qemux86 = " cfg/sound.scc"
+ </literallayout>
+ The value of the entries in <filename>KERNEL_FEATURES</filename>
+ are dependent on their location within the kernel Metadata itself.
+ The examples here are taken from the <filename>meta</filename>
+ branch of the <filename>linux-yocto-3.19</filename> repository.
+ Within that branch, "features" and "cfg" are subdirectories of the
+ <filename>meta/cfg/kernel-cache</filename> directory.
+ For more information, see the
+ "<link linkend='kernel-metadata-syntax'>Kernel Metadata Syntax</link>" section.
+ <note>
+ The processing of the these variables has evolved some between the
+ 0.9 and 1.3 releases of the Yocto Project and associated
+ kern-tools sources.
+ The descriptions in this section are accurate for 1.3 and later
+ releases of the Yocto Project.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='kernel-metadata-location'>
+ <title>Kernel Metadata Location</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Kernel Metadata can be defined in either the kernel recipe
+ (recipe-space) or in the kernel tree (in-tree).
+ Where you choose to define the Metadata depends on what you want
+ to do and how you intend to work.
+ Regardless of where you define the kernel Metadata, the syntax used
+ applies equally.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are unfamiliar with the Linux kernel and only wish
+ to apply a configuration and possibly a couple of patches provided to
+ you by others, the recipe-space method is recommended.
+ This method is also a good approach if you are working with Linux kernel
+ sources you do not control or if you just do not want to maintain a
+ Linux kernel Git repository on your own.
+ For partial information on how you can define kernel Metadata in
+ the recipe-space, see the
+ "<link linkend='modifying-an-existing-recipe'>Modifying an Existing Recipe</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Conversely, if you are actively developing a kernel and are already
+ maintaining a Linux kernel Git repository of your own, you might find
+ it more convenient to work with the kernel Metadata in the same
+ repository as the Linux kernel sources.
+ This method can make iterative development of the Linux kernel
+ more efficient outside of the BitBake environment.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='recipe-space-metadata'>
+ <title>Recipe-Space Metadata</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When stored in recipe-space, the kernel Metadata files reside in a
+ directory hierarchy below
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></ulink>.
+ For a linux-yocto recipe or for a Linux kernel recipe derived
+ by copying and modifying
+ <filename>oe-core/meta-skeleton/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto-custom.bb</filename>
+ to a recipe in your layer, <filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename>
+ is typically set to
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-THISDIR'><filename>THISDIR</filename></ulink><filename>}/${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>.
+ See the "<link linkend='modifying-an-existing-recipe'>Modifying an Existing Recipe</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example that shows a trivial tree of kernel Metadata
+ stored in recipe-space within a BSP layer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-<replaceable>my_bsp_layer</replaceable>/
+ `-- recipes-kernel
+ `-- linux
+ `-- linux-yocto
+ |-- bsp-standard.scc
+ |-- bsp.cfg
+ `-- standard.cfg
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When the Metadata is stored in recipe-space, you must take
+ steps to ensure BitBake has the necessary information to decide
+ what files to fetch and when they need to be fetched again.
+ It is only necessary to specify the <filename>.scc</filename>
+ files on the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>.
+ BitBake parses them and fetches any files referenced in the
+ <filename>.scc</filename> files by the <filename>include</filename>,
+ <filename>patch</filename>, or <filename>kconf</filename> commands.
+ Because of this, it is necessary to bump the recipe
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></ulink>
+ value when changing the content of files not explicitly listed
+ in the <filename>SRC_URI</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='in-tree-metadata'>
+ <title>In-Tree Metadata</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When stored in-tree, the kernel Metadata files reside in the
+ <filename>meta</filename> directory of the Linux kernel sources.
+ The <filename>meta</filename> directory can be present in the
+ same repository branch as the sources,
+ such as "master", or <filename>meta</filename> can be its own
+ orphan branch.
+ <note>
+ An orphan branch in Git is a branch with unique history and
+ content to the other branches in the repository.
+ Orphan branches are useful to track Metadata changes
+ independently from the sources of the Linux kernel, while
+ still keeping them together in the same repository.
+ </note>
+ For the purposes of this document, we will discuss all
+ in-tree Metadata as residing below the
+ <filename>meta/cfg/kernel-cache</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is an example that shows how a trivial tree of Metadata
+ is stored in a custom Linux kernel Git repository:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta/
+ `-- cfg
+ `-- kernel-cache
+ |-- bsp-standard.scc
+ |-- bsp.cfg
+ `-- standard.cfg
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use a branch different from where the sources reside,
+ specify the branch in the <filename>KMETA</filename> variable
+ in your Linux kernel recipe.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KMETA = "meta"
+ </literallayout>
+ To use the same branch as the sources, set
+ <filename>KMETA</filename> to an empty string:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KMETA = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ If you are working with your own sources and want to create an
+ orphan <filename>meta</filename> branch, use these commands
+ from within your Linux kernel Git repository:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git checkout --orphan meta
+ $ git rm -rf .
+ $ git commit --allow-empty -m "Create orphan meta branch"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you modify the Metadata in the linux-yocto
+ <filename>meta</filename> branch, you must not forget to update
+ the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRCREV'><filename>SRCREV</filename></ulink>
+ statements in the kernel's recipe.
+ In particular, you need to update the
+ <filename>SRCREV_meta</filename> variable to match the commit in
+ the <filename>KMETA</filename> branch you wish to use.
+ Changing the data in these branches and not updating the
+ <filename>SRCREV</filename> statements to match will cause the
+ build to fetch an older commit.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='kernel-metadata-syntax'>
+ <title>Kernel Metadata Syntax</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The kernel Metadata consists of three primary types of files:
+ <filename>scc</filename>
+ <footnote>
+ <para>
+ <filename>scc</filename> stands for Series Configuration
+ Control, but the naming has less significance in the
+ current implementation of the tooling than it had in the
+ past.
+ Consider <filename>scc</filename> files to be description files.
+ </para>
+ </footnote>
+ description files, configuration fragments, and patches.
+ The <filename>scc</filename> files define variables and include or
+ otherwise reference any of the three file types.
+ The description files are used to aggregate all types of kernel
+ Metadata into
+ what ultimately describes the sources and the configuration required
+ to build a Linux kernel tailored to a specific machine.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>scc</filename> description files are used to define two
+ fundamental types of kernel Metadata:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Features</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Board Support Packages (BSPs)</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Features aggregate sources in the form of patches and configuration
+ fragments into a modular reusable unit.
+ You can use features to implement conceptually separate kernel
+ Metadata descriptions such as pure configuration fragments,
+ simple patches, complex features, and kernel types.
+ <link linkend='kernel-types'>Kernel types</link> define general
+ kernel features and policy to be reused in the BSPs.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BSPs define hardware-specific features and aggregate them with kernel
+ types to form the final description of what will be assembled and built.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ While the kernel Metadata syntax does not enforce any logical
+ separation of configuration fragments, patches, features or kernel
+ types, best practices dictate a logical separation of these types
+ of Metadata.
+ The following Metadata file hierarchy is recommended:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>base</replaceable>/
+ bsp/
+ cfg/
+ features/
+ ktypes/
+ patches/
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>bsp</filename> directory contains the
+ <link linkend='bsp-descriptions'>BSP descriptions</link>.
+ The remaining directories all contain "features".
+ Separating <filename>bsp</filename> from the rest of the structure
+ aids conceptualizing intended usage.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use these guidelines to help place your <filename>scc</filename>
+ description files within the structure:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>If your file contains
+ only configuration fragments, place the file in the
+ <filename>cfg</filename> directory.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>If your file contains
+ only source-code fixes, place the file in the
+ <filename>patches</filename> directory.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>If your file encapsulates
+ a major feature, often combining sources and configurations,
+ place the file in <filename>features</filename> directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>If your file aggregates
+ non-hardware configuration and patches in order to define a
+ base kernel policy or major kernel type to be reused across
+ multiple BSPs, place the file in <filename>ktypes</filename>
+ directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ These distinctions can easily become blurred - especially as
+ out-of-tree features slowly merge upstream over time.
+ Also, remember that how the description files are placed is
+ a purely logical organization and has no impact on the functionality
+ of the kernel Metadata.
+ There is no impact because all of <filename>cfg</filename>,
+ <filename>features</filename>, <filename>patches</filename>, and
+ <filename>ktypes</filename>, contain "features" as far as the kernel
+ tools are concerned.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Paths used in kernel Metadata files are relative to
+ <filename><base></filename>, which is either
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></ulink>
+ if you are creating Metadata in
+ <link linkend='recipe-space-metadata'>recipe-space</link>,
+ or <filename>meta/cfg/kernel-cache/</filename> if you are creating
+ Metadata <link linkend='in-tree-metadata'>in-tree</link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='configuration'>
+ <title>Configuration</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The simplest unit of kernel Metadata is the configuration-only
+ feature.
+ This feature consists of one or more Linux kernel configuration
+ parameters in a configuration fragment file
+ (<filename>.cfg</filename>) and a <filename>.scc</filename> file
+ that describes the fragment.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP) fragment included in the
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.19</filename> Git repository
+ consists of the following two files:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ cfg/smp.scc:
+ define KFEATURE_DESCRIPTION "Enable SMP"
+ define KFEATURE_COMPATIBILITY all
+
+ kconf hardware smp.cfg
+
+ cfg/smp.cfg:
+ CONFIG_SMP=y
+ CONFIG_SCHED_SMT=y
+ # Increase default NR_CPUS from 8 to 64 so that platform with
+ # more than 8 processors can be all activated at boot time
+ CONFIG_NR_CPUS=64
+ </literallayout>
+ You can find information on configuration fragment files in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-config-fragments'>Creating Configuration Fragments</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Development Manual and in
+ the "<link linkend='generating-configuration-files'>Generating Configuration Files</link>"
+ section earlier in this manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KFEATURE_DESCRIPTION'><filename>KFEATURE_DESCRIPTION</filename></ulink>
+ provides a short description of the fragment.
+ Higher level kernel tools use this description.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>kconf</filename> command is used to include the
+ actual configuration fragment in an <filename>.scc</filename>
+ file, and the "hardware" keyword identifies the fragment as
+ being hardware enabling, as opposed to general policy,
+ which would use the "non-hardware" keyword.
+ The distinction is made for the benefit of the configuration
+ validation tools, which warn you if a hardware fragment
+ overrides a policy set by a non-hardware fragment.
+ <note>
+ The description file can include multiple
+ <filename>kconf</filename> statements, one per fragment.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As described in the
+ "<link linkend='generating-configuration-files'>Generating Configuration Files</link>"
+ section, you can use the following BitBake command to audit your
+ configuration:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c kernel_configcheck -f
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='patches'>
+ <title>Patches</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Patch descriptions are very similar to configuration fragment
+ descriptions, which are described in the previous section.
+ However, instead of a <filename>.cfg</filename> file, these
+ descriptions work with source patches.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A typical patch includes a description file and the patch itself:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ patches/mypatch.scc:
+ patch mypatch.patch
+
+ patches/mypatch.patch:
+ <replaceable>typical-patch</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ You can create the typical <filename>.patch</filename>
+ file using <filename>diff -Nurp</filename> or
+ <filename>git format-patch</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The description file can include multiple patch statements,
+ one per patch.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='features'>
+ <title>Features</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Features are complex kernel Metadata types that consist
+ of configuration fragments (<filename>kconf</filename>), patches
+ (<filename>patch</filename>), and possibly other feature
+ description files (<filename>include</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example that shows a feature description file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ features/myfeature.scc
+ define KFEATURE_DESCRIPTION "Enable myfeature"
+
+ patch 0001-myfeature-core.patch
+ patch 0002-myfeature-interface.patch
+
+ include cfg/myfeature_dependency.scc
+ kconf non-hardware myfeature.cfg
+ </literallayout>
+ This example shows how the <filename>patch</filename> and
+ <filename>kconf</filename> commands are used as well as
+ how an additional feature description file is included.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Typically, features are less granular than configuration
+ fragments and are more likely than configuration fragments
+ and patches to be the types of things you want to specify
+ in the <filename>KERNEL_FEATURES</filename> variable of the
+ Linux kernel recipe.
+ See the "<link linkend='using-kernel-metadata-in-a-recipe'>Using Kernel Metadata in a Recipe</link>"
+ section earlier in the manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='kernel-types'>
+ <title>Kernel Types</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A kernel type defines a high-level kernel policy by
+ aggregating non-hardware configuration fragments with
+ patches you want to use when building a Linux kernels of a
+ specific type.
+ Syntactically, kernel types are no different than features
+ as described in the "<link linkend='features'>Features</link>"
+ section.
+ The <filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename> variable in the kernel
+ recipe selects the kernel type.
+ See the "<link linkend='using-kernel-metadata-in-a-recipe'>Using Kernel Metadata in a Recipe</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As an example, the <filename>linux-yocto-3.19</filename>
+ tree defines three kernel types: "standard",
+ "tiny", and "preempt-rt":
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>"standard":
+ Includes the generic Linux kernel policy of the Yocto
+ Project linux-yocto kernel recipes.
+ This policy includes, among other things, which file
+ systems, networking options, core kernel features, and
+ debugging and tracing options are supported.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>"preempt-rt":
+ Applies the <filename>PREEMPT_RT</filename>
+ patches and the configuration options required to
+ build a real-time Linux kernel.
+ This kernel type inherits from the "standard" kernel type.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>"tiny":
+ Defines a bare minimum configuration meant to serve as a
+ base for very small Linux kernels.
+ The "tiny" kernel type is independent from the "standard"
+ configuration.
+ Although the "tiny" kernel type does not currently include
+ any source changes, it might in the future.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The "standard" kernel type is defined by
+ <filename>standard.scc</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # Include this kernel type fragment to get the standard features and
+ # configuration values.
+
+ # Include all standard features
+ include standard-nocfg.scc
+
+ kconf non-hardware standard.cfg
+
+ # individual cfg block section
+ include cfg/fs/devtmpfs.scc
+ include cfg/fs/debugfs.scc
+ include cfg/fs/btrfs.scc
+ include cfg/fs/ext2.scc
+ include cfg/fs/ext3.scc
+ include cfg/fs/ext4.scc
+
+ include cfg/net/ipv6.scc
+ include cfg/net/ip_nf.scc
+ include cfg/net/ip6_nf.scc
+ include cfg/net/bridge.scc
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As with any <filename>.scc</filename> file, a
+ kernel type definition can aggregate other
+ <filename>.scc</filename> files with
+ <filename>include</filename> commands.
+ These definitions can also directly pull in
+ configuration fragments and patches with the
+ <filename>kconf</filename> and <filename>patch</filename>
+ commands, respectively.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ It is not strictly necessary to create a kernel type
+ <filename>.scc</filename> file.
+ The Board Support Package (BSP) file can implicitly define
+ the kernel type using a <filename>define
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KTYPE'>KTYPE</ulink> myktype</filename>
+ line.
+ See the "<link linkend='bsp-descriptions'>BSP Descriptions</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='bsp-descriptions'>
+ <title>BSP Descriptions</title>
+
+ <para>
+ BSP descriptions combine kernel types with hardware-specific
+ features.
+ The hardware-specific portion is typically defined
+ independently, and then aggregated with each supported kernel
+ type.
+ Consider this simple BSP description that supports the
+ <replaceable>mybsp</replaceable> machine:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>mybsp</replaceable>.scc:
+ define KMACHINE <replaceable>mybsp</replaceable>
+ define KTYPE standard
+ define KARCH i386
+
+ kconf <replaceable>mybsp</replaceable>.cfg
+ </literallayout>
+ Every BSP description should define the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KMACHINE'><filename>KMACHINE</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KTYPE'><filename>KTYPE</filename></ulink>,
+ and <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KARCH'><filename>KARCH</filename></ulink>
+ variables.
+ These variables allow the OpenEmbedded build system to identify
+ the description as meeting the criteria set by the recipe being
+ built.
+ This simple example supports the "mybsp" machine for the "standard"
+ kernel and the "i386" architecture.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Be aware that a hard link between the
+ <filename>KTYPE</filename> variable and a kernel type
+ description file does not exist.
+ Thus, if you do not have kernel types defined in your kernel
+ Metadata, you only need to ensure that the kernel recipe's
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE'><filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename></ulink>
+ variable and the <filename>KTYPE</filename> variable in the
+ BSP description file match.
+ <note>
+ Future versions of the tooling make the specification of
+ <filename>KTYPE</filename> in the BSP optional.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you did want to separate your kernel policy from your
+ hardware configuration, you could do so by specifying a kernel
+ type, such as "standard" and including that description file
+ in the BSP description file.
+ See the "<link linkend='kernel-types'>Kernel Types</link>" section
+ for more information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You might also have multiple hardware configurations that you
+ aggregate into a single hardware description file that you
+ could include in the BSP description file, rather than referencing
+ a single <filename>.cfg</filename> file.
+ Consider the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>mybsp</replaceable>.scc:
+ define KMACHINE mybsp
+ define KTYPE standard
+ define KARCH i386
+
+ include standard.scc
+ include <replaceable>mybsp</replaceable>-hw.scc
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the above example, <filename>standard.scc</filename>
+ aggregates all the configuration fragments, patches, and
+ features that make up your standard kernel policy whereas
+ <replaceable>mybsp</replaceable><filename>-hw.scc</filename>
+ aggregates all those necessary
+ to support the hardware available on the
+ <replaceable>mybsp</replaceable> machine.
+ For information on how to break a complete
+ <filename>.config</filename> file into the various
+ configuration fragments, see the
+ "<link linkend='generating-configuration-files'>Generating Configuration Files</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Many real-world examples are more complex.
+ Like any other <filename>.scc</filename> file, BSP
+ descriptions can aggregate features.
+ Consider the Minnow BSP definition from the
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.19</filename>
+ Git repository:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ minnow.scc:
+ include cfg/x86.scc
+ include features/eg20t/eg20t.scc
+ include cfg/dmaengine.scc
+ include features/power/intel.scc
+ include cfg/efi.scc
+ include features/usb/ehci-hcd.scc
+ include features/usb/ohci-hcd.scc
+ include features/usb/usb-gadgets.scc
+ include features/usb/touchscreen-composite.scc
+ include cfg/timer/hpet.scc
+ include cfg/timer/rtc.scc
+ include features/leds/leds.scc
+ include features/spi/spidev.scc
+ include features/i2c/i2cdev.scc
+
+ # Earlyprintk and port debug requires 8250
+ kconf hardware cfg/8250.cfg
+
+ kconf hardware minnow.cfg
+ kconf hardware minnow-dev.cfg
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>minnow.scc</filename> description file includes
+ a hardware configuration fragment
+ (<filename>minnow.cfg</filename>) specific to the Minnow
+ BSP as well as several more general configuration
+ fragments and features enabling hardware found on the
+ machine.
+ This description file is then included in each of the three
+ "minnow" description files for the supported kernel types
+ (i.e. "standard", "preempt-rt", and "tiny").
+ Consider the "minnow" description for the "standard" kernel
+ type:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ minnow-standard.scc:
+ define KMACHINE minnow
+ define KTYPE standard
+ define KARCH i386
+
+ include ktypes/standard
+
+ include minnow.scc
+
+ # Extra minnow configs above the minimal defined in minnow.scc
+ include cfg/efi-ext.scc
+ include features/media/media-all.scc
+ include features/sound/snd_hda_intel.scc
+
+ # The following should really be in standard.scc
+ # USB live-image support
+ include cfg/usb-mass-storage.scc
+ include cfg/boot-live.scc
+
+ # Basic profiling
+ include features/latencytop/latencytop.scc
+ include features/profiling/profiling.scc
+
+ # Requested drivers that don't have an existing scc
+ kconf hardware minnow-drivers-extra.cfg
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>include</filename> command midway through the file
+ includes the <filename>minnow.scc</filename> description that
+ defines all hardware enablements for the BSP that is common to all
+ kernel types.
+ Using this command significantly reduces duplication.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Now consider the "minnow" description for the "tiny" kernel type:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ minnow-tiny.scc:
+ define KMACHINE minnow
+ define KTYPE tiny
+ define KARCH i386
+
+ include ktypes/tiny
+
+ include minnow.scc
+ </literallayout>
+ As you might expect, the "tiny" description includes quite a
+ bit less.
+ In fact, it includes only the minimal policy defined by the
+ "tiny" kernel type and the hardware-specific configuration required
+ for booting the machine along with the most basic functionality of
+ the system as defined in the base "minnow" description file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Notice again the three critical variables:
+ <filename>KMACHINE</filename>, <filename>KTYPE</filename>,
+ and <filename>KARCH</filename>.
+ Of these variables, only the <filename>KTYPE</filename> has changed.
+ It is now set to "tiny".
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='organizing-your-source'>
+ <title>Organizing Your Source</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Many recipes based on the <filename>linux-yocto-custom.bb</filename>
+ recipe use Linux kernel sources that have only a single
+ branch - "master".
+ This type of repository structure is fine for linear development
+ supporting a single machine and architecture.
+ However, if you work with multiple boards and architectures,
+ a kernel source repository with multiple branches is more
+ efficient.
+ For example, suppose you need a series of patches for one board to boot.
+ Sometimes, these patches are works-in-progress or fundamentally wrong,
+ yet they are still necessary for specific boards.
+ In these situations, you most likely do not want to include these
+ patches in every kernel you build (i.e. have the patches as part of
+ the lone "master" branch).
+ It is situations like these that give rise to multiple branches used
+ within a Linux kernel sources Git repository.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Repository organization strategies exist that maximize source reuse,
+ remove redundancy, and logically order your changes.
+ This section presents strategies for the following cases:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Encapsulating patches in a feature description
+ and only including the patches in the BSP descriptions of
+ the applicable boards.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Creating a machine branch in your
+ kernel source repository and applying the patches on that
+ branch only.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Creating a feature branch in your
+ kernel source repository and merging that branch into your
+ BSP when needed.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The approach you take is entirely up to you
+ and depends on what works best for your development model.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='encapsulating-patches'>
+ <title>Encapsulating Patches</title>
+
+ <para>
+ if you are reusing patches from an external tree and are not
+ working on the patches, you might find the encapsulated feature
+ to be appropriate.
+ Given this scenario, you do not need to create any branches in the
+ source repository.
+ Rather, you just take the static patches you need and encapsulate
+ them within a feature description.
+ Once you have the feature description, you simply include that into
+ the BSP description as described in the
+ "<link linkend='bsp-descriptions'>BSP Descriptions</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find information on how to create patches and BSP
+ descriptions in the "<link linkend='patches'>Patches</link>" and
+ "<link linkend='bsp-descriptions'>BSP Descriptions</link>"
+ sections.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='machine-branches'>
+ <title>Machine Branches</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When you have multiple machines and architectures to support,
+ or you are actively working on board support, it is more
+ efficient to create branches in the repository based on
+ individual machines.
+ Having machine branches allows common source to remain in the
+ "master" branch with any features specific to a machine stored
+ in the appropriate machine branch.
+ This organization method frees you from continually reintegrating
+ your patches into a feature.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you have a new branch, you can set up your kernel Metadata
+ to use the branch a couple different ways.
+ In the recipe, you can specify the new branch as the
+ <filename>KBRANCH</filename> to use for the board as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KBRANCH = "mynewbranch"
+ </literallayout>
+ Another method is to use the <filename>branch</filename> command
+ in the BSP description:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ mybsp.scc:
+ define KMACHINE mybsp
+ define KTYPE standard
+ define KARCH i386
+ include standard.scc
+
+ branch mynewbranch
+
+ include mybsp-hw.scc
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you find
+ yourself with numerous branches, you might consider using a
+ hierarchical branching system similar to what the linux-yocto Linux
+ kernel repositories use:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>common</replaceable>/<replaceable>kernel_type</replaceable>/<replaceable>machine</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you had two kernel types, "standard" and "small" for
+ instance, three machines, and <replaceable>common</replaceable>
+ as <filename>mydir</filename>, the branches in your
+ Git repository might look like this:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ mydir/base
+ mydir/standard/base
+ mydir/standard/machine_a
+ mydir/standard/machine_b
+ mydir/standard/machine_c
+ mydir/small/base
+ mydir/small/machine_a
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This organization can help clarify the branch relationships.
+ In this case, <filename>mydir/standard/machine_a</filename>
+ includes everything in <filename>mydir/base</filename> and
+ <filename>mydir/standard/base</filename>.
+ The "standard" and "small" branches add sources specific to those
+ kernel types that for whatever reason are not appropriate for the
+ other branches.
+ <note>The "base" branches are an artifact of the way Git manages
+ its data internally on the filesystem: Git will not allow you
+ to use <filename>mydir/standard</filename> and
+ <filename>mydir/standard/machine_a</filename> because it
+ would have to create a file and a directory named "standard".
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='feature-branches'>
+ <title>Feature Branches</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When you are actively developing new features, it can be more
+ efficient to work with that feature as a branch, rather than
+ as a set of patches that have to be regularly updated.
+ The Yocto Project Linux kernel tools provide for this with
+ the <filename>git merge</filename> command.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To merge a feature branch into a BSP, insert the
+ <filename>git merge</filename> command after any
+ <filename>branch</filename> commands:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ mybsp.scc:
+ define KMACHINE mybsp
+ define KTYPE standard
+ define KARCH i386
+ include standard.scc
+
+ branch mynewbranch
+ git merge myfeature
+
+ include mybsp-hw.scc
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='scc-reference'>
+ <title>SCC Description File Reference</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides a brief reference for the commands you can use
+ within an SCC description file (<filename>.scc</filename>):
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>branch [ref]</filename>:
+ Creates a new branch relative to the current branch
+ (typically <filename>${KTYPE}</filename>) using
+ the currently checked-out branch, or "ref" if specified.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>define</filename>:
+ Defines variables, such as <filename>KMACHINE</filename>,
+ <filename>KTYPE</filename>, <filename>KARCH</filename>,
+ and <filename>KFEATURE_DESCRIPTION</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>include SCC_FILE</filename>:
+ Includes an SCC file in the current file.
+ The file is parsed as if you had inserted it inline.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>kconf [hardware|non-hardware] CFG_FILE</filename>:
+ Queues a configuration fragment for merging into the final
+ Linux <filename>.config</filename> file.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>git merge GIT_BRANCH</filename>:
+ Merges the feature branch into the current branch.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>patch PATCH_FILE</filename>:
+ Applies the patch to the current Git branch.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-common.xml b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-common.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27c82ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-common.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1033 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='kernel-dev-common'>
+
+<title>Common Tasks</title>
+
+<para>
+ This chapter presents several common tasks you perform when you
+ work with the Yocto Project Linux kernel.
+ These tasks include preparing a layer, modifying an existing recipe,
+ iterative development, working with your own sources, and incorporating
+ out-of-tree modules.
+ <note>
+ The examples presented in this chapter work with the Yocto Project
+ 1.2.2 Release and forward.
+ </note>
+</para>
+
+ <section id='creating-and-preparing-a-layer'>
+ <title>Creating and Preparing a Layer</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are going to be modifying kernel recipes, it is recommended
+ that you create and prepare your own layer in which to do your
+ work.
+ Your layer contains its own
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
+ append files
+ (<filename>.bbappend</filename>) and provides a convenient
+ mechanism to create your own recipe files
+ (<filename>.bb</filename>).
+ For details on how to create and work with layers, see the following
+ sections in the Yocto Project Development Manual:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding and Creating Layers</ulink>" for
+ general information on layers and how to create layers.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>"<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#set-up-your-layer-for-the-build'>Set Up Your Layer for the Build</ulink>" for
+ specific instructions on setting up a layer for kernel
+ development.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='modifying-an-existing-recipe'>
+ <title>Modifying an Existing Recipe</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In many cases, you can customize an existing linux-yocto recipe to
+ meet the needs of your project.
+ Each release of the Yocto Project provides a few Linux
+ kernel recipes from which you can choose.
+ These are located in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ in <filename>meta/recipes-kernel/linux</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Modifying an existing recipe can consist of the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Creating the append file</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Applying patches</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Changing the configuration</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before modifying an existing recipe, be sure that you have created
+ a minimal, custom layer from which you can work.
+ See the "<link linkend='creating-and-preparing-a-layer'>Creating and Preparing a Layer</link>"
+ section for some general resources.
+ You can also see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#set-up-your-layer-for-the-build'>Set Up Your Layer for the Build</ulink>" section
+ of the Yocto Project Development Manual for a detailed
+ example.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='creating-the-append-file'>
+ <title>Creating the Append File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You create this file in your custom layer.
+ You also name it accordingly based on the linux-yocto recipe
+ you are using.
+ For example, if you are modifying the
+ <filename>meta/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto_3.19.bb</filename>
+ recipe, the append file will typically be located as follows
+ within your custom layer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>your-layer</replaceable>/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto_3.19.bbappend
+ </literallayout>
+ The append file should initially extend the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESPATH'><filename>FILESPATH</filename></ulink>
+ search path by prepending the directory that contains your
+ files to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></ulink>
+ variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/${PN}:"
+ </literallayout>
+ The path <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-THISDIR'><filename>THISDIR</filename></ulink><filename>}/${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename>
+ expands to "linux-yocto" in the current directory for this
+ example.
+ If you add any new files that modify the kernel recipe and you
+ have extended <filename>FILESPATH</filename> as
+ described above, you must place the files in your layer in the
+ following area:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>your-layer</replaceable>/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto/
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>If you are working on a new machine Board Support Package
+ (BSP), be sure to refer to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;'>Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='applying-patches'>
+ <title>Applying Patches</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you have a single patch or a small series of patches
+ that you want to apply to the Linux kernel source, you
+ can do so just as you would with any other recipe.
+ You first copy the patches to the path added to
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></ulink>
+ in your <filename>.bbappend</filename> file as described in
+ the previous section, and then reference them in
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ statements.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, you can apply a three-patch series by adding the
+ following lines to your linux-yocto
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> file in your layer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI += "file://0001-first-change.patch"
+ SRC_URI += "file://0002-second-change.patch"
+ SRC_URI += "file://0003-third-change.patch"
+ </literallayout>
+ The next time you run BitBake to build the Linux kernel,
+ BitBake detects the change in the recipe and fetches and
+ applies the patches before building the kernel.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For a detailed example showing how to patch the kernel, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#patching-the-kernel'>Patching the Kernel</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='changing-the-configuration'>
+ <title>Changing the Configuration</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can make wholesale or incremental changes to the final
+ <filename>.config</filename> file used for the eventual
+ Linux kernel configuration by including a
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file and by specifying
+ configuration fragments in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ to be applied to that file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you have a complete, working Linux kernel
+ <filename>.config</filename>
+ file you want to use for the configuration, as before, copy
+ that file to the appropriate <filename>${PN}</filename>
+ directory in your layer's
+ <filename>recipes-kernel/linux</filename> directory,
+ and rename the copied file to "defconfig".
+ Then, add the following lines to the linux-yocto
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> file in your layer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/${PN}:"
+ SRC_URI += "file://defconfig"
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>SRC_URI</filename> tells the build system how to
+ search for the file, while the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></ulink>
+ extends the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-FILESPATH'><filename>FILESPATH</filename></ulink>
+ variable (search directories) to include the
+ <filename>${PN}</filename> directory you created to hold the
+ configuration changes.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ The build system applies the configurations from the
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file before applying any
+ subsequent configuration fragments.
+ The final kernel configuration is a combination of the
+ configurations in the <filename>defconfig</filename> file and
+ any configuration fragments you provide.
+ You need to realize that if you have any configuration
+ fragments, the build system applies these on top of and
+ after applying the existing <filename>defconfig</filename>
+ file configurations.
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ Generally speaking, the preferred approach is to determine the
+ incremental change you want to make and add that as a
+ configuration fragment.
+ For example, if you want to add support for a basic serial
+ console, create a file named <filename>8250.cfg</filename> in
+ the <filename>${PN}</filename> directory with the following
+ content (without indentation):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ CONFIG_SERIAL_8250=y
+ CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_CONSOLE=y
+ CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_PCI=y
+ CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_NR_UARTS=4
+ CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_RUNTIME_UARTS=4
+ CONFIG_SERIAL_CORE=y
+ CONFIG_SERIAL_CORE_CONSOLE=y
+ </literallayout>
+ Next, include this configuration fragment and extend the
+ <filename>FILESPATH</filename> variable in your
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/${PN}:"
+ SRC_URI += "file://8250.cfg"
+ </literallayout>
+ The next time you run BitBake to build the Linux kernel, BitBake
+ detects the change in the recipe and fetches and applies the
+ new configuration before building the kernel.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For a detailed example showing how to configure the kernel,
+ see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#configuring-the-kernel'>Configuring the Kernel</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-an-in-tree-defconfig-file'>
+ <title>Using an "In-Tree" <filename>defconfig</filename> File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ It might be desirable to have kernel configuration fragment
+ support through a <filename>defconfig</filename> file that
+ is pulled from the kernel source tree for the configured
+ machine.
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system looks for
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> files in the layer used for
+ Metadata, which is "out-of-tree", and then configures them
+ using the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI += "file://defconfig"
+ </literallayout>
+ If you do not want to maintain copies of
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> files in your layer but would
+ rather allow users to use the default configuration from the
+ kernel tree and still be able to add configuration fragments
+ to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ through, for example, append files, you can direct the
+ OpenEmbedded build system to use a
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file that is "in-tree".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To specify an "in-tree" <filename>defconfig</filename> file,
+ edit the recipe that builds your kernel so that it has the
+ following command form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KBUILD_DEFCONFIG_<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KMACHINE'>KMACHINE</ulink> ?= <replaceable>defconfig_file</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ You need to append the variable with
+ <filename>KMACHINE</filename> and then supply the path to
+ your "in-tree" <filename>defconfig</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Aside from modifying your kernel recipe and providing your own
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file, you need to be sure no
+ files or statements set <filename>SRC_URI</filename> to use a
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> other than your "in-tree"
+ file (e.g. a kernel's <filename>linux-</filename><replaceable>machine</replaceable><filename>.inc</filename>
+ file).
+ In other words, if the build system detects a statement
+ that identifies an "out-of-tree"
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file, that statement
+ will override your
+ <filename>KBUILD_DEFCONFIG</filename> variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KBUILD_DEFCONFIG'><filename>KBUILD_DEFCONFIG</filename></ulink>
+ variable description for more information.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-an-iterative-development-process'>
+ <title>Using an Iterative Development Process</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not have existing patches or configuration files,
+ you can iteratively generate them from within the BitBake build
+ environment as described within this section.
+ During an iterative workflow, running a previously completed BitBake
+ task causes BitBake to invalidate the tasks that follow the
+ completed task in the build sequence.
+ Invalidated tasks rebuild the next time you run the build using
+ BitBake.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As you read this section, be sure to substitute the name
+ of your Linux kernel recipe for the term
+ "linux-yocto".
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='tip-dirty-string'>
+ <title>"-dirty" String</title>
+
+<!--
+ <para>
+ <emphasis>AR - Darren Hart:</emphasis> This section
+ originated from the old Yocto Project Kernel Architecture
+ and Use Manual.
+ It was decided we need to put it in this section here.
+ Darren needs to figure out where we want it and what part
+ of it we want (all, revision???)
+ </para>
+-->
+
+ <para>
+ If kernel images are being built with "-dirty" on the
+ end of the version string, this simply means that
+ modifications in the source directory have not been committed.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git status
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use the above Git command to report modified,
+ removed, or added files.
+ You should commit those changes to the tree regardless of
+ whether they will be saved, exported, or used.
+ Once you commit the changes, you need to rebuild the kernel.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To force a pickup and commit of all such pending changes,
+ enter the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git add .
+ $ git commit -s -a -m "getting rid of -dirty"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Next, rebuild the kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='generating-configuration-files'>
+ <title>Generating Configuration Files</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can manipulate the <filename>.config</filename> file
+ used to build a linux-yocto recipe with the
+ <filename>menuconfig</filename> command as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c menuconfig
+ </literallayout>
+ This command starts the Linux kernel configuration tool,
+ which allows you to prepare a new
+ <filename>.config</filename> file for the build.
+ When you exit the tool, be sure to save your changes
+ at the prompt.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The resulting <filename>.config</filename> file is
+ located in
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename> under the
+ <filename>linux-${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_ARCH'><filename>PACKAGE_ARCH</filename></ulink><filename>}-${<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE'><filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename></ulink>}-build</filename> directory.
+ You can use the entire <filename>.config</filename> file as the
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file as described in the
+ "<link linkend='changing-the-configuration'>Changing the Configuration</link>" section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A better method is to create a configuration fragment using the
+ differences between two configuration files: one previously
+ created and saved, and one freshly created using the
+ <filename>menuconfig</filename> tool.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To create a configuration fragment using this method, follow
+ these steps:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Complete a build at least through the kernel
+ configuration task as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c kernel_configme -f
+ </literallayout>
+ This step ensures that you will be creating a
+ <filename>.config</filename> file from a known state.
+ Because situations exist where your build state might
+ become unknown, it is best to run the previous
+ command prior to starting up
+ <filename>menuconfig</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Run the <filename>menuconfig</filename>
+ command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c menuconfig
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Run the <filename>diffconfig</filename>
+ command to prepare a configuration fragment.
+ The resulting file <filename>fragment.cfg</filename>
+ will be placed in the
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></ulink><filename>}</filename> directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c diffconfig
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>diffconfig</filename> command creates a file that is a
+ list of Linux kernel <filename>CONFIG_</filename> assignments.
+ See the "<link linkend='changing-the-configuration'>Changing the Configuration</link>"
+ section for information on how to use the output as a
+ configuration fragment.
+ <note>
+ You can also use this method to create configuration
+ fragments for a BSP.
+ See the "<link linkend='bsp-descriptions'>BSP Descriptions</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The kernel tools also provide configuration validation.
+ You can use these tools to produce warnings for when a
+ requested configuration does not appear in the final
+ <filename>.config</filename> file or when you override a
+ policy configuration in a hardware configuration fragment.
+ Here is an example with some sample output of the command
+ that runs these tools:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c kernel_configcheck -f
+
+ ...
+
+ NOTE: validating kernel configuration
+ This BSP sets 3 invalid/obsolete kernel options.
+ These config options are not offered anywhere within this kernel.
+ The full list can be found in your kernel src dir at:
+ meta/cfg/standard/mybsp/invalid.cfg
+
+ This BSP sets 21 kernel options that are possibly non-hardware related.
+ The full list can be found in your kernel src dir at:
+ meta/cfg/standard/mybsp/specified_non_hdw.cfg
+
+ WARNING: There were 2 hardware options requested that do not
+ have a corresponding value present in the final ".config" file.
+ This probably means you are not getting the config you wanted.
+ The full list can be found in your kernel src dir at:
+ meta/cfg/standard/mybsp/mismatch.cfg
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The output describes the various problems that you can
+ encounter along with where to find the offending configuration
+ items.
+ You can use the information in the logs to adjust your
+ configuration files and then repeat the
+ <filename>kernel_configme</filename> and
+ <filename>kernel_configcheck</filename> commands until
+ they produce no warnings.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on how to use the
+ <filename>menuconfig</filename> tool, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#using-menuconfig'>Using <filename>menuconfig</filename></ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='modifying-source-code'>
+ <title>Modifying Source Code</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can experiment with source code changes and create a
+ simple patch without leaving the BitBake environment.
+ To get started, be sure to complete a build at
+ least through the kernel configuration task:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c kernel_configme -f
+ </literallayout>
+ Taking this step ensures you have the sources prepared
+ and the configuration completed.
+ You can find the sources in the
+ <filename>${</filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></ulink><filename>}/linux</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can edit the sources as you would any other Linux source
+ tree.
+ However, keep in mind that you will lose changes if you
+ trigger the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-fetch'><filename>do_fetch</filename></ulink>
+ task for the recipe.
+ You can avoid triggering this task by not using BitBake to
+ run the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-cleanall'><filename>cleanall</filename></ulink>,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-cleansstate'><filename>cleansstate</filename></ulink>,
+ or forced
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-fetch'><filename>fetch</filename></ulink>
+ commands.
+ Also, do not modify the recipe itself while working
+ with temporary changes or BitBake might run the
+ <filename>fetch</filename> command depending on the
+ changes to the recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To test your temporary changes, instruct BitBake to run the
+ <filename>compile</filename> again.
+ The <filename>-f</filename> option forces the command to run
+ even though BitBake might think it has already done so:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c compile -f
+ </literallayout>
+ If the compile fails, you can update the sources and repeat
+ the <filename>compile</filename>.
+ Once compilation is successful, you can inspect and test
+ the resulting build (i.e. kernel, modules, and so forth) from
+ the following build directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${WORKDIR}/linux-${PACKAGE_ARCH}-${LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE}-build
+ </literallayout>
+ Alternatively, you can run the <filename>deploy</filename>
+ command to place the kernel image in the
+ <filename>tmp/deploy/images</filename> directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto -c deploy
+ </literallayout>
+ And, of course, you can perform the remaining installation and
+ packaging steps by issuing:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake linux-yocto
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For rapid iterative development, the edit-compile-repeat loop
+ described in this section is preferable to rebuilding the
+ entire recipe because the installation and packaging tasks
+ are very time consuming.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you are satisfied with your source code modifications,
+ you can make them permanent by generating patches and
+ applying them to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ statement as described in the
+ "<link linkend='applying-patches'>Applying Patches</link>"
+ section.
+ If you are not familiar with generating patches, refer to the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-the-patch'>Creating the Patch</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='working-with-your-own-sources'>
+ <title>Working With Your Own Sources</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you cannot work with one of the Linux kernel
+ versions supported by existing linux-yocto recipes, you can
+ still make use of the Yocto Project Linux kernel tooling by
+ working with your own sources.
+ When you use your own sources, you will not be able to
+ leverage the existing kernel
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink> and
+ stabilization work of the linux-yocto sources.
+ However, you will be able to manage your own Metadata in the same
+ format as the linux-yocto sources.
+ Maintaining format compatibility facilitates converging with
+ linux-yocto on a future, mutually-supported kernel version.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To help you use your own sources, the Yocto Project provides a
+ linux-yocto custom recipe
+ (<filename>linux-yocto-custom.bb</filename>) that uses
+ <filename>kernel.org</filename> sources
+ and the Yocto Project Linux kernel tools for managing
+ kernel Metadata.
+ You can find this recipe in the
+ <filename>poky</filename> Git repository of the
+ Yocto Project <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;'>Source Repository</ulink>
+ at:
+ <literallayout class="monospaced">
+ poky/meta-skeleton/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto-custom.bb
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some basic steps you can use to work with your own sources:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Copy the <filename>linux-yocto-custom.bb</filename>
+ recipe to your layer and give it a meaningful name.
+ The name should include the version of the Linux kernel you
+ are using (e.g.
+ <filename>linux-yocto-myproject_3.19.bb</filename>,
+ where "3.19" is the base version of the Linux kernel
+ with which you would be working).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>In the same directory inside your layer,
+ create a matching directory
+ to store your patches and configuration files (e.g.
+ <filename>linux-yocto-myproject</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Make sure you have either a
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file or configuration
+ fragment files.
+ When you use the <filename>linux-yocto-custom.bb</filename>
+ recipe, you must specify a configuration.
+ If you do not have a <filename>defconfig</filename> file,
+ you can run the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ make defconfig
+ </literallayout>
+ After running the command, copy the resulting
+ <filename>.config</filename> to the
+ <filename>files</filename> directory as "defconfig" and
+ then add it to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ variable in the recipe.</para>
+ <para>Running the <filename>make defconfig</filename>
+ command results in the default configuration for your
+ architecture as defined by your kernel.
+ However, no guarantee exists that this configuration is
+ valid for your use case, or that your board will even boot.
+ This is particularly true for non-x86 architectures.
+ To use non-x86 <filename>defconfig</filename> files, you
+ need to be more specific and find one that matches your
+ board (i.e. for arm, you look in
+ <filename>arch/arm/configs</filename> and use the one that
+ is the best starting point for your board).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Edit the following variables in your recipe
+ as appropriate for your project:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>:
+ The <filename>SRC_URI</filename> should specify
+ a Git repository that uses one of the supported Git
+ fetcher protocols (i.e. <filename>file</filename>,
+ <filename>git</filename>, <filename>http</filename>,
+ and so forth).
+ The <filename>SRC_URI</filename> variable should
+ also specify either a <filename>defconfig</filename>
+ file or some configuration fragment files.
+ The skeleton recipe provides an example
+ <filename>SRC_URI</filename> as a syntax reference.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LINUX_VERSION'><filename>LINUX_VERSION</filename></ulink>:
+ The Linux kernel version you are using (e.g.
+ "3.19").</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LINUX_VERSION_EXTENSION'><filename>LINUX_VERSION_EXTENSION</filename></ulink>:
+ The Linux kernel <filename>CONFIG_LOCALVERSION</filename>
+ that is compiled into the resulting kernel and visible
+ through the <filename>uname</filename> command.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRCREV'><filename>SRCREV</filename></ulink>:
+ The commit ID from which you want to build.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></ulink>:
+ Treat this variable the same as you would in any other
+ recipe.
+ Increment the variable to indicate to the OpenEmbedded
+ build system that the recipe has changed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink>:
+ The default <filename>PV</filename> assignment is
+ typically adequate.
+ It combines the <filename>LINUX_VERSION</filename>
+ with the Source Control Manager (SCM) revision
+ as derived from the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRCPV'><filename>SRCPV</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ The combined results are a string with
+ the following form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ 3.19.11+git1+68a635bf8dfb64b02263c1ac80c948647cc76d5f_1+218bd8d2022b9852c60d32f0d770931e3cf343e2
+ </literallayout>
+ While lengthy, the extra verbosity in <filename>PV</filename>
+ helps ensure you are using the exact
+ sources from which you intend to build.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-COMPATIBLE_MACHINE'><filename>COMPATIBLE_MACHINE</filename></ulink>:
+ A list of the machines supported by your new recipe.
+ This variable in the example recipe is set
+ by default to a regular expression that matches
+ only the empty string, "(^$)".
+ This default setting triggers an explicit build
+ failure.
+ You must change it to match a list of the machines
+ that your new recipe supports.
+ For example, to support the <filename>qemux86</filename>
+ and <filename>qemux86-64</filename> machines, use
+ the following form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ COMPATIBLE_MACHINE = "qemux86|qemux86-64"
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Provide further customizations to your recipe
+ as needed just as you would customize an existing
+ linux-yocto recipe.
+ See the "<link linkend='modifying-an-existing-recipe'>Modifying
+ an Existing Recipe</link>" section for information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='working-with-out-of-tree-modules'>
+ <title>Working with Out-of-Tree Modules</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes steps to build out-of-tree modules on
+ your target and describes how to incorporate out-of-tree modules
+ in the build.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='building-out-of-tree-modules-on-the-target'>
+ <title>Building Out-of-Tree Modules on the Target</title>
+
+ <para>
+ While the traditional Yocto Project development model would be
+ to include kernel modules as part of the normal build
+ process, you might find it useful to build modules on the
+ target.
+ This could be the case if your target system is capable
+ and powerful enough to handle the necessary compilation.
+ Before deciding to build on your target, however, you should
+ consider the benefits of using a proper cross-development
+ environment from your build host.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you want to be able to build out-of-tree modules on
+ the target, there are some steps you need to take
+ on the target that is running your SDK image.
+ Briefly, the <filename>kernel-dev</filename> package
+ is installed by default on all
+ <filename>*.sdk</filename> images and the
+ <filename>kernel-devsrc</filename> package is installed
+ on many of the <filename>*.sdk</filename> images.
+ However, you need to create some scripts prior to
+ attempting to build the out-of-tree modules on the target
+ that is running that image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Prior to attempting to build the out-of-tree modules,
+ you need to be on the target as root and you need to
+ change to the <filename>/usr/src/kernel</filename> directory.
+ Next, <filename>make</filename> the scripts:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # cd /usr/src/kernel
+ # make scripts
+ </literallayout>
+ Because all SDK image recipes include
+ <filename>dev-pkgs</filename>, the
+ <filename>kernel-dev</filename> packages will be installed
+ as part of the SDK image and the
+ <filename>kernel-devsrc</filename> packages will be installed
+ as part of applicable SDK images.
+ The SDK uses the scripts when building out-of-tree
+ modules.
+ Once you have switched to that directory and created the
+ scripts, you should be able to build your out-of-tree modules
+ on the target.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='incorporating-out-of-tree-modules'>
+ <title>Incorporating Out-of-Tree Modules</title>
+
+ <para>
+ While it is always preferable to work with sources integrated
+ into the Linux kernel sources, if you need an external kernel
+ module, the <filename>hello-mod.bb</filename> recipe is
+ available as a template from which you can create your
+ own out-of-tree Linux kernel module recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This template recipe is located in the
+ <filename>poky</filename> Git repository of the
+ Yocto Project <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;'>Source Repository</ulink>
+ at:
+ <literallayout class="monospaced">
+ poky/meta-skeleton/recipes-kernel/hello-mod/hello-mod_0.1.bb
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To get started, copy this recipe to your layer and give it a
+ meaningful name (e.g. <filename>mymodule_1.0.bb</filename>).
+ In the same directory, create a new directory named
+ <filename>files</filename> where you can store any source files,
+ patches, or other files necessary for building
+ the module that do not come with the sources.
+ Finally, update the recipe as needed for the module.
+ Typically, you will need to set the following variables:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-DESCRIPTION'><filename>DESCRIPTION</filename></ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LICENSE'><filename>LICENSE*</filename></ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Depending on the build system used by the module sources,
+ you might need to make some adjustments.
+ For example, a typical module <filename>Makefile</filename>
+ looks much like the one provided with the
+ <filename>hello-mod</filename> template:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ obj-m := hello.o
+
+ SRC := $(shell pwd)
+
+ all:
+ $(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) M=$(SRC)
+
+ modules_install:
+ $(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) M=$(SRC) modules_install
+ ...
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The important point to note here is the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KERNEL_SRC'><filename>KERNEL_SRC</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-module'><filename>module</filename></ulink>
+ class sets this variable and the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KERNEL_PATH'><filename>KERNEL_PATH</filename></ulink>
+ variable to
+ <filename>${<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-STAGING_KERNEL_DIR'><filename>STAGING_KERNEL_DIR</filename></ulink>}</filename>
+ with the necessary Linux kernel build information to build
+ modules.
+ If your module <filename>Makefile</filename> uses a different
+ variable, you might want to override the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile()</filename></ulink>
+ step, or create a patch to
+ the <filename>Makefile</filename> to work with the more typical
+ <filename>KERNEL_SRC</filename> or
+ <filename>KERNEL_PATH</filename> variables.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ After you have prepared your recipe, you will likely want to
+ include the module in your images.
+ To do this, see the documentation for the following variables in
+ the Yocto Project Reference Manual and set one of them
+ appropriately for your machine configuration file:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'><filename>MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'><filename>MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS</filename></ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'><filename>MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'><filename>MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS</filename></ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Modules are often not required for boot and can be excluded from
+ certain build configurations.
+ The following allows for the most flexibility:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS += "kernel-module-mymodule"
+ </literallayout>
+ The value is derived by appending the module filename without
+ the <filename>.ko</filename> extension to the string
+ "kernel-module-".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because the variable is
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></ulink>
+ and not a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ variable, the build will not fail if this module is not
+ available to include in the image.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section id='inspecting-changes-and-commits'>
+ <title>Inspecting Changes and Commits</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A common question when working with a kernel is:
+ "What changes have been applied to this tree?"
+ Rather than using "grep" across directories to see what has
+ changed, you can use Git to inspect or search the kernel tree.
+ Using Git is an efficient way to see what has changed in the tree.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='what-changed-in-a-kernel'>
+ <title>What Changed in a Kernel?</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Following are a few examples that show how to use Git
+ commands to examine changes.
+ These examples are by no means the only way to see changes.
+ <note>
+ In the following examples, unless you provide a commit
+ range, <filename>kernel.org</filename> history is blended
+ with Yocto Project kernel changes.
+ You can form ranges by using branch names from the
+ kernel tree as the upper and lower commit markers with
+ the Git commands.
+ You can see the branch names through the web interface
+ to the Yocto Project source repositories at
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.
+ </note>
+ To see a full range of the changes, use the
+ <filename>git whatchanged</filename> command and specify a
+ commit range for the branch
+ (<replaceable>commit</replaceable><filename>..</filename><replaceable>commit</replaceable>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example that looks at what has changed in the
+ <filename>emenlow</filename> branch of the
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.19</filename> kernel.
+ The lower commit range is the commit associated with the
+ <filename>standard/base</filename> branch, while
+ the upper commit range is the commit associated with the
+ <filename>standard/emenlow</filename> branch.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git whatchanged origin/standard/base..origin/standard/emenlow
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To see short, one line summaries of changes use the
+ <filename>git log</filename> command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git log --oneline origin/standard/base..origin/standard/emenlow
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use this command to see code differences for the changes:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git diff origin/standard/base..origin/standard/emenlow
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use this command to see the commit log messages and the
+ text differences:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git show origin/standard/base..origin/standard/emenlow
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use this command to create individual patches for
+ each change.
+ Here is an example that that creates patch files for each
+ commit and places them in your <filename>Documents</filename>
+ directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git format-patch -o $HOME/Documents origin/standard/base..origin/standard/emenlow
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='showing-a-particular-feature-or-branch-change'>
+ <title>Showing a Particular Feature or Branch Change</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Tags in the Yocto Project kernel tree divide changes for
+ significant features or branches.
+ The <filename>git show</filename> <replaceable>tag</replaceable>
+ command shows changes based on a tag.
+ Here is an example that shows <filename>systemtap</filename>
+ changes:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git show systemtap
+ </literallayout>
+ You can use the
+ <filename>git branch --contains</filename> <replaceable>tag</replaceable>
+ command to show the branches that contain a particular feature.
+ This command shows the branches that contain the
+ <filename>systemtap</filename> feature:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git branch --contains systemtap
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-concepts-appx.xml b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-concepts-appx.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac91749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-concepts-appx.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<appendix id='kernel-dev-concepts-appx'>
+<title>Advanced Kernel Concepts</title>
+
+ <section id='kernel-big-picture'>
+ <title>Yocto Project Kernel Development and Maintenance</title>
+ <para>
+ Kernels available through the Yocto Project, like other kernels, are based off the Linux
+ kernel releases from <ulink url='http://www.kernel.org'></ulink>.
+ At the beginning of a major development cycle, the Yocto Project team
+ chooses its kernel based on factors such as release timing, the anticipated release
+ timing of final upstream <filename>kernel.org</filename> versions, and Yocto Project
+ feature requirements.
+ Typically, the kernel chosen is in the
+ final stages of development by the community.
+ In other words, the kernel is in the release
+ candidate or "rc" phase and not yet a final release.
+ But, by being in the final stages of external development, the team knows that the
+ <filename>kernel.org</filename> final release will clearly be within the early stages of
+ the Yocto Project development window.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ This balance allows the team to deliver the most up-to-date kernel
+ possible, while still ensuring that the team has a stable official release for
+ the baseline Linux kernel version.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The ultimate source for kernels available through the Yocto Project are released kernels
+ from <filename>kernel.org</filename>.
+ In addition to a foundational kernel from <filename>kernel.org</filename>, the
+ kernels available contain a mix of important new mainline
+ developments, non-mainline developments (when there is no alternative),
+ Board Support Package (BSP) developments,
+ and custom features.
+ These additions result in a commercially released Yocto Project Linux kernel that caters
+ to specific embedded designer needs for targeted hardware.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Once a kernel is officially released, the Yocto Project team goes into
+ their next development cycle, or upward revision (uprev) cycle, while still
+ continuing maintenance on the released kernel.
+ It is important to note that the most sustainable and stable way
+ to include feature development upstream is through a kernel uprev process.
+ Back-porting hundreds of individual fixes and minor features from various
+ kernel versions is not sustainable and can easily compromise quality.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ During the uprev cycle, the Yocto Project team uses an ongoing analysis of
+ kernel development, BSP support, and release timing to select the best
+ possible <filename>kernel.org</filename> version.
+ The team continually monitors community kernel
+ development to look for significant features of interest.
+ The team does consider back-porting large features if they have a significant advantage.
+ User or community demand can also trigger a back-port or creation of new
+ functionality in the Yocto Project baseline kernel during the uprev cycle.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Generally speaking, every new kernel both adds features and introduces new bugs.
+ These consequences are the basic properties of upstream kernel development and are
+ managed by the Yocto Project team's kernel strategy.
+ It is the Yocto Project team's policy to not back-port minor features to the released kernel.
+ They only consider back-porting significant technological jumps - and, that is done
+ after a complete gap analysis.
+ The reason for this policy is that back-porting any small to medium sized change
+ from an evolving kernel can easily create mismatches, incompatibilities and very
+ subtle errors.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ These policies result in both a stable and a cutting
+ edge kernel that mixes forward ports of existing features and significant and critical
+ new functionality.
+ Forward porting functionality in the kernels available through the Yocto Project kernel
+ can be thought of as a "micro uprev."
+ The many “micro uprevs” produce a kernel version with a mix of
+ important new mainline, non-mainline, BSP developments and feature integrations.
+ This kernel gives insight into new features and allows focused
+ amounts of testing to be done on the kernel, which prevents
+ surprises when selecting the next major uprev.
+ The quality of these cutting edge kernels is evolving and the kernels are used in leading edge
+ feature and BSP development.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='kernel-architecture'>
+ <title>Kernel Architecture</title>
+ <para>
+ This section describes the architecture of the kernels available through the
+ Yocto Project and provides information
+ on the mechanisms used to achieve that architecture.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='architecture-overview'>
+ <title>Overview</title>
+ <para>
+ As mentioned earlier, a key goal of the Yocto Project is to present the
+ developer with
+ a kernel that has a clear and continuous history that is visible to the user.
+ The architecture and mechanisms used achieve that goal in a manner similar to the
+ upstream <filename>kernel.org</filename>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ You can think of a Yocto Project kernel as consisting of a baseline Linux kernel with
+ added features logically structured on top of the baseline.
+ The features are tagged and organized by way of a branching strategy implemented by the
+ source code manager (SCM) Git.
+ For information on Git as applied to the Yocto Project, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#git'>Git</ulink>" section in the
+ Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The result is that the user has the ability to see the added features and
+ the commits that make up those features.
+ In addition to being able to see added features, the user can also view the history of what
+ made up the baseline kernel.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The following illustration shows the conceptual Yocto Project kernel.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-architecture-overview.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scale="100" />
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ In the illustration, the "Kernel.org Branch Point"
+ marks the specific spot (or release) from
+ which the Yocto Project kernel is created.
+ From this point "up" in the tree, features and differences are organized and tagged.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The "Yocto Project Baseline Kernel" contains functionality that is common to every kernel
+ type and BSP that is organized further up the tree.
+ Placing these common features in the
+ tree this way means features do not have to be duplicated along individual branches of the
+ structure.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ From the Yocto Project Baseline Kernel, branch points represent specific functionality
+ for individual BSPs as well as real-time kernels.
+ The illustration represents this through three BSP-specific branches and a real-time
+ kernel branch.
+ Each branch represents some unique functionality for the BSP or a real-time kernel.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ In this example structure, the real-time kernel branch has common features for all
+ real-time kernels and contains
+ more branches for individual BSP-specific real-time kernels.
+ The illustration shows three branches as an example.
+ Each branch points the way to specific, unique features for a respective real-time
+ kernel as they apply to a given BSP.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The resulting tree structure presents a clear path of markers (or branches) to the
+ developer that, for all practical purposes, is the kernel needed for any given set
+ of requirements.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='branching-and-workflow'>
+ <title>Branching Strategy and Workflow</title>
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project team creates kernel branches at points where functionality is
+ no longer shared and thus, needs to be isolated.
+ For example, board-specific incompatibilities would require different functionality
+ and would require a branch to separate the features.
+ Likewise, for specific kernel features, the same branching strategy is used.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ This branching strategy results in a tree that has features organized to be specific
+ for particular functionality, single kernel types, or a subset of kernel types.
+ This strategy also results in not having to store the same feature twice
+ internally in the tree.
+ Rather, the kernel team stores the unique differences required to apply the
+ feature onto the kernel type in question.
+ <note>
+ The Yocto Project team strives to place features in the tree such that they can be
+ shared by all boards and kernel types where possible.
+ However, during development cycles or when large features are merged,
+ the team cannot always follow this practice.
+ In those cases, the team uses isolated branches to merge features.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ BSP-specific code additions are handled in a similar manner to kernel-specific additions.
+ Some BSPs only make sense given certain kernel types.
+ So, for these types, the team creates branches off the end of that kernel type for all
+ of the BSPs that are supported on that kernel type.
+ From the perspective of the tools that create the BSP branch, the BSP is really no
+ different than a feature.
+ Consequently, the same branching strategy applies to BSPs as it does to features.
+ So again, rather than store the BSP twice, the team only stores the unique
+ differences for the BSP across the supported multiple kernels.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ While this strategy can result in a tree with a significant number of branches, it is
+ important to realize that from the developer's point of view, there is a linear
+ path that travels from the baseline <filename>kernel.org</filename>, through a select
+ group of features and ends with their BSP-specific commits.
+ In other words, the divisions of the kernel are transparent and are not relevant
+ to the developer on a day-to-day basis.
+ From the developer's perspective, this path is the "master" branch.
+ The developer does not need to be aware of the existence of any other branches at all.
+ Of course, there is value in the existence of these branches
+ in the tree, should a person decide to explore them.
+ For example, a comparison between two BSPs at either the commit level or at the line-by-line
+ code <filename>diff</filename> level is now a trivial operation.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Working with the kernel as a structured tree follows recognized community best practices.
+ In particular, the kernel as shipped with the product, should be
+ considered an "upstream source" and viewed as a series of
+ historical and documented modifications (commits).
+ These modifications represent the development and stabilization done
+ by the Yocto Project kernel development team.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Because commits only change at significant release points in the product life cycle,
+ developers can work on a branch created
+ from the last relevant commit in the shipped Yocto Project kernel.
+ As mentioned previously, the structure is transparent to the developer
+ because the kernel tree is left in this state after cloning and building the kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='source-code-manager-git'>
+ <title>Source Code Manager - Git</title>
+ <para>
+ The Source Code Manager (SCM) is Git.
+ This SCM is the obvious mechanism for meeting the previously mentioned goals.
+ Not only is it the SCM for <filename>kernel.org</filename> but,
+ Git continues to grow in popularity and supports many different work flows,
+ front-ends and management techniques.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ You can find documentation on Git at <ulink url='http://git-scm.com/documentation'></ulink>.
+ You can also get an introduction to Git as it applies to the Yocto Project in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#git'>Git</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ These referenced sections overview Git and describe a minimal set of
+ commands that allows you to be functional using Git.
+ <note>
+ You can use as much, or as little, of what Git has to offer to accomplish what
+ you need for your project.
+ You do not have to be a "Git Master" in order to use it with the Yocto Project.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</appendix>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
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+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
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+ <xsl:include href="../template/permalinks.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/section.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/component.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/division.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/formal.object.heading.xsl"/>
+
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'kernel-dev-style.css'" />
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel">A</xsl:param>
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+
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+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
+ version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import
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+ <xsl:param name="chunker.output.indent" select="'yes'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.quietly" select="1"/>
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+ <xsl:param name="use.id.as.filename" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="ulink.target" select="'_self'" />
+ <xsl:param name="base.dir" select="'html/kernel-dev/'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'../book.css'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="eclipse.manifest" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="create.plugin.xml" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="suppress.navigation" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="generate.index" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel">A</xsl:param>
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
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diff --git a/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-examples.xml b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-examples.xml
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@@ -0,0 +1,918 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='kernel-how-to'>
+
+<title>Working with the Yocto Project Kernel</title>
+
+
+<section id='actions-org'>
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+ <para>
+ This chapter describes how to accomplish tasks involving a kernel's tree structure.
+ The information is designed to help the developer that wants to modify the Yocto
+ Project kernel and contribute changes upstream to the Yocto Project.
+ The information covers the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Tree construction</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Build strategies</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Workflow examples</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+ <section id='tree-construction'>
+ <title>Tree Construction</title>
+ <para>
+ This section describes construction of the Yocto Project kernel source repositories
+ as accomplished by the Yocto Project team to create kernel repositories.
+ These kernel repositories are found under the heading "Yocto Linux Kernel" at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'>&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi</ulink>
+ and can be shipped as part of a Yocto Project release.
+ The team creates these repositories by
+ compiling and executing the set of feature descriptions for every BSP/feature
+ in the product.
+ Those feature descriptions list all necessary patches,
+ configuration, branching, tagging and feature divisions found in a kernel.
+ Thus, the Yocto Project kernel repository (or tree) is built.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The existence of this tree allows you to access and clone a particular
+ Yocto Project kernel repository and use it to build images based on their configurations
+ and features.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ You can find the files used to describe all the valid features and BSPs
+ in the Yocto Project kernel in any clone of the Yocto Project kernel source repository
+ Git tree.
+ For example, the following command clones the Yocto Project baseline kernel that
+ branched off of <filename>linux.org</filename> version 3.4:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/linux-yocto-3.4
+ </literallayout>
+ For another example of how to set up a local Git repository of the Yocto Project
+ kernel files, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</ulink>" bulleted
+ item in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Once you have cloned the kernel Git repository on your local machine, you can
+ switch to the <filename>meta</filename> branch within the repository.
+ Here is an example that assumes the local Git repository for the kernel is in
+ a top-level directory named <filename>linux-yocto-3.4</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~/linux-yocto-3.4
+ $ git checkout -b meta origin/meta
+ </literallayout>
+ Once you have checked out and switched to the <filename>meta</filename> branch,
+ you can see a snapshot of all the kernel configuration and feature descriptions that are
+ used to build that particular kernel repository.
+ These descriptions are in the form of <filename>.scc</filename> files.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ You should realize, however, that browsing your local kernel repository
+ for feature descriptions and patches is not an effective way to determine what is in a
+ particular kernel branch.
+ Instead, you should use Git directly to discover the changes in a branch.
+ Using Git is an efficient and flexible way to inspect changes to the kernel.
+ For examples showing how to use Git to inspect kernel commits, see the following sections
+ in this chapter.
+ <note>
+ Ground up reconstruction of the complete kernel tree is an action only taken by the
+ Yocto Project team during an active development cycle.
+ When you create a clone of the kernel Git repository, you are simply making it
+ efficiently available for building and development.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The following steps describe what happens when the Yocto Project Team constructs
+ the Yocto Project kernel source Git repository (or tree) found at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'></ulink> given the
+ introduction of a new top-level kernel feature or BSP.
+ These are the actions that effectively create the tree
+ that includes the new feature, patch or BSP:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>A top-level kernel feature is passed to the kernel build subsystem.
+ Normally, this feature is a BSP for a particular kernel type.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The file that describes the top-level feature is located by searching
+ these system directories:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The in-tree kernel-cache directories, which are located
+ in <filename>meta/cfg/kernel-cache</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Areas pointed to by <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statements
+ found in recipes</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ For a typical build, the target of the search is a
+ feature description in an <filename>.scc</filename> file
+ whose name follows this format:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <bsp_name>-<kernel_type>.scc
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Once located, the feature description is either compiled into a simple script
+ of actions, or into an existing equivalent script that is already part of the
+ shipped kernel.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Extra features are appended to the top-level feature description.
+ These features can come from the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KERNEL_FEATURES'><filename>KERNEL_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ variable in recipes.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Each extra feature is located, compiled and appended to the script
+ as described in step three.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The script is executed to produce a series of <filename>meta-*</filename>
+ directories.
+ These directories are descriptions of all the branches, tags, patches and configurations that
+ need to be applied to the base Git repository to completely create the
+ source (build) branch for the new BSP or feature.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The base repository is cloned, and the actions
+ listed in the <filename>meta-*</filename> directories are applied to the
+ tree.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The Git repository is left with the desired branch checked out and any
+ required branching, patching and tagging has been performed.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The kernel tree is now ready for developer consumption to be locally cloned,
+ configured, and built into a Yocto Project kernel specific to some target hardware.
+ <note><para>The generated <filename>meta-*</filename> directories add to the kernel
+ as shipped with the Yocto Project release.
+ Any add-ons and configuration data are applied to the end of an existing branch.
+ The full repository generation that is found in the
+ official Yocto Project kernel repositories at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'>http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit.cgi</ulink>
+ is the combination of all supported boards and configurations.</para>
+ <para>The technique the Yocto Project team uses is flexible and allows for seamless
+ blending of an immutable history with additional patches specific to a
+ deployment.
+ Any additions to the kernel become an integrated part of the branches.</para>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='build-strategy'>
+ <title>Build Strategy</title>
+ <para>
+ Once a local Git repository of the Yocto Project kernel exists on a development system,
+ you can consider the compilation phase of kernel development - building a kernel image.
+ Some prerequisites exist that are validated by the build process before compilation
+ starts:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink> points
+ to the kernel Git repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>A BSP build branch exists.
+ This branch has the following form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <kernel_type>/<bsp_name>
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system makes sure these conditions exist before attempting compilation.
+ Other means, however, do exist, such as as bootstrapping a BSP, see
+ the "<link linkend='workflow-examples'>Workflow Examples</link>".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before building a kernel, the build process verifies the tree
+ and configures the kernel by processing all of the
+ configuration "fragments" specified by feature descriptions in the <filename>.scc</filename>
+ files.
+ As the features are compiled, associated kernel configuration fragments are noted
+ and recorded in the <filename>meta-*</filename> series of directories in their compilation order.
+ The fragments are migrated, pre-processed and passed to the Linux Kernel
+ Configuration subsystem (<filename>lkc</filename>) as raw input in the form
+ of a <filename>.config</filename> file.
+ The <filename>lkc</filename> uses its own internal dependency constraints to do the final
+ processing of that information and generates the final <filename>.config</filename> file
+ that is used during compilation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Using the board's architecture and other relevant values from the board's template,
+ kernel compilation is started and a kernel image is produced.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The other thing that you notice once you configure a kernel is that
+ the build process generates a build tree that is separate from your kernel's local Git
+ source repository tree.
+ This build tree has a name that uses the following form, where
+ <filename>${MACHINE}</filename> is the metadata name of the machine (BSP) and "kernel_type" is one
+ of the Yocto Project supported kernel types (e.g. "standard"):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ linux-${MACHINE}-<kernel_type>-build
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The existing support in the <filename>kernel.org</filename> tree achieves this
+ default functionality.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This behavior means that all the generated files for a particular machine or BSP are now in
+ the build tree directory.
+ The files include the final <filename>.config</filename> file, all the <filename>.o</filename>
+ files, the <filename>.a</filename> files, and so forth.
+ Since each machine or BSP has its own separate build directory in its own separate branch
+ of the Git repository, you can easily switch between different builds.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='workflow-examples'>
+ <title>Workflow Examples</title>
+
+ <para>
+ As previously noted, the Yocto Project kernel has built-in Git integration.
+ However, these utilities are not the only way to work with the kernel repository.
+ The Yocto Project has not made changes to Git or to other tools that
+ would invalidate alternate workflows.
+ Additionally, the way the kernel repository is constructed results in using
+ only core Git functionality, thus allowing any number of tools or front ends to use the
+ resulting tree.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This section contains several workflow examples.
+ Many of the examples use Git commands.
+ You can find Git documentation at
+ <ulink url='http://git-scm.com/documentation'></ulink>.
+ You can find a simple overview of using Git with the Yocto Project in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#git'>Git</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='change-inspection-kernel-changes-commits'>
+ <title>Change Inspection: Changes/Commits</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A common question when working with a kernel is:
+ "What changes have been applied to this tree?"
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In projects that have a collection of directories that
+ contain patches to the kernel, it is possible to inspect or "grep" the contents
+ of the directories to get a general feel for the changes.
+ This sort of patch inspection is not an efficient way to determine what has been
+ done to the kernel.
+ The reason it is inefficient is because there are many optional patches that are
+ selected based on the kernel type and the feature description.
+ Additionally, patches could exist in directories that are not included in the search.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A more efficient way to determine what has changed in the branch is to use
+ Git and inspect or search the kernel tree.
+ This method gives you a full view of not only the source code modifications,
+ but also provides the reasons for the changes.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='what-changed-in-a-kernel'>
+ <title>What Changed in a Kernel?</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Following are a few examples that show how to use Git commands to examine changes.
+ Because Git repositories in the Yocto Project do not break existing Git
+ functionality, and because there exists many permutations of these types of
+ Git commands, many methods exist by which you can discover changes.
+ <note>
+ In the following examples, unless you provide a commit range,
+ <filename>kernel.org</filename> history is blended with Yocto Project
+ kernel changes.
+ You can form ranges by using branch names from the kernel tree as the
+ upper and lower commit markers with the Git commands.
+ You can see the branch names through the web interface to the
+ Yocto Project source repositories at
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.
+ For example, the branch names for the <filename>linux-yocto-3.4</filename>
+ kernel repository can be seen at
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit.cgi/linux-yocto-3.4/refs/heads'></ulink>.
+ </note>
+ To see a full range of the changes, use the
+ <filename>git whatchanged</filename> command and specify a commit range
+ for the branch (<filename><commit>..<commit></filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example that looks at what has changed in the
+ <filename>emenlow</filename> branch of the
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.4</filename> kernel.
+ The lower commit range is the commit associated with the
+ <filename>standard/base</filename> branch, while
+ the upper commit range is the commit associated with the
+ <filename>standard/emenlow</filename> branch.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git whatchanged origin/standard/base..origin/standard/emenlow
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To see a summary of changes use the <filename>git log</filename> command.
+ Here is an example using the same branches:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git log --oneline origin/standard/base..origin/standard/emenlow
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>git log</filename> output might be more useful than
+ the <filename>git whatchanged</filename> as you get
+ a short, one-line summary of each change and not the entire commit.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you want to see code differences associated with all the changes, use
+ the <filename>git diff</filename> command.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git diff origin/standard/base..origin/standard/emenlow
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can see the commit log messages and the text differences using the
+ <filename>git show</filename> command:
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git show origin/standard/base..origin/standard/emenlow
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can create individual patches for each change by using the
+ <filename>git format-patch</filename> command.
+ Here is an example that that creates patch files for each commit and
+ places them in your <filename>Documents</filename> directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git format-patch -o $HOME/Documents origin/standard/base..origin/standard/emenlow
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='show-a-particular-feature-or-branch-change'>
+ <title>Show a Particular Feature or Branch Change</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Developers use tags in the Yocto Project kernel tree to divide changes for significant
+ features or branches.
+ Once you know a particular tag, you can use Git commands
+ to show changes associated with the tag and find the branches that contain
+ the feature.
+ <note>
+ Because BSP branch, <filename>kernel.org</filename>, and feature tags are all
+ present, there could be many tags.
+ </note>
+ The <filename>git show <tag></filename> command shows changes that are tagged by
+ a feature.
+ Here is an example that shows changes tagged by the <filename>systemtap</filename>
+ feature:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git show systemtap
+ </literallayout>
+ You can use the <filename>git branch --contains <tag></filename> command
+ to show the branches that contain a particular feature.
+ This command shows the branches that contain the <filename>systemtap</filename>
+ feature:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git branch --contains systemtap
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use many other comparisons to isolate BSP and kernel changes.
+ For example, you can compare against <filename>kernel.org</filename> tags
+ such as the <filename>v3.4</filename> tag.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='development-saving-kernel-modifications'>
+ <title>Development: Saving Kernel Modifications</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Another common operation is to build a BSP supplied by the Yocto Project, make some
+ changes, rebuild, and then test.
+ Those local changes often need to be exported, shared or otherwise maintained.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Since the Yocto Project kernel source tree is backed by Git, this activity is
+ much easier as compared to with previous releases.
+ Because Git tracks file modifications, additions and deletions, it is easy
+ to modify the code and later realize that you need to save the changes.
+ It is also easy to determine what has changed.
+ This method also provides many tools to commit, undo and export those modifications.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This section and its sub-sections, describe general application of Git's
+ <filename>push</filename> and <filename>pull</filename> commands, which are used to
+ get your changes upstream or source your code from an upstream repository.
+ The Yocto Project provides scripts that help you work in a collaborative development
+ environment.
+ For information on these scripts, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#pushing-a-change-upstream'>Using Scripts to Push a Change
+ Upstream and Request a Pull</ulink>" and
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#submitting-a-patch'>Using Email to Submit a Patch</ulink>"
+ sections in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ There are many ways to save kernel modifications.
+ The technique employed
+ depends on the destination for the patches:
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Bulk storage</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Internal sharing either through patches or by using Git</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>External submissions</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Exporting for integration into another Source Code
+ Manager (SCM)</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because of the following list of issues, the destination of the patches also influences
+ the method for gathering them:
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Bisectability</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Commit headers</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Division of subsystems for separate submission or review</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='bulk-export'>
+ <title>Bulk Export</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes how you can "bulk" export changes that have not
+ been separated or divided.
+ This situation works well when you are simply storing patches outside of the kernel
+ source repository, either permanently or temporarily, and you are not committing
+ incremental changes during development.
+ <note>
+ This technique is not appropriate for full integration of upstream submission
+ because changes are not properly divided and do not provide an avenue for per-change
+ commit messages.
+ Therefore, this example assumes that changes have not been committed incrementally
+ during development and that you simply must gather and export them.
+ </note>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # bulk export of ALL modifications without separation or division
+ # of the changes
+
+ $ git add .
+ $ git commit -s -a -m <msg>
+ or
+ $ git commit -s -a # and interact with $EDITOR
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The previous operations capture all the local changes in the project source
+ tree in a single Git commit.
+ And, that commit is also stored in the project's source tree.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once the changes are exported, you can restore them manually using a template
+ or through integration with the <filename>default_kernel</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='incremental-planned-sharing'>
+ <title>Incremental/Planned Sharing</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes how to save modifications when you are making incremental
+ commits or practicing planned sharing.
+ The examples in this section assume that you have incrementally committed
+ changes to the tree during development and now need to export them.
+ The sections that follow
+ describe how you can export your changes internally through either patches or by
+ using Git commands.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ During development, the following commands are of interest.
+ For full Git documentation, refer to the Git documentation at
+ <ulink url='http://github.com'></ulink>.
+
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # edit a file
+ $ vi <path>/file
+ # stage the change
+ $ git add <path>/file
+ # commit the change
+ $ git commit -s
+ # remove a file
+ $ git rm <path>/file
+ # commit the change
+ $ git commit -s
+
+ ... etc.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Distributed development with Git is possible when you use a universally
+ agreed-upon unique commit identifier (set by the creator of the commit) that maps to a
+ specific change set with a specific parent.
+ This identifier is created for you when
+ you create a commit, and is re-created when you amend, alter or re-apply
+ a commit.
+ As an individual in isolation, this is of no interest.
+ However, if you
+ intend to share your tree with normal Git <filename>push</filename> and
+ <filename>pull</filename> operations for
+ distributed development, you should consider the ramifications of changing a
+ commit that you have already shared with others.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Assuming that the changes have not been pushed upstream, or pulled into
+ another repository, you can update both the commit content and commit messages
+ associated with development by using the following commands:
+
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ Git add <path>/file
+ $ Git commit --amend
+ $ Git rebase or Git rebase -i
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Again, assuming that the changes have not been pushed upstream, and that
+ no pending works-in-progress exist (use <filename>git status</filename> to check), then
+ you can revert (undo) commits by using the following commands:
+
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # remove the commit, update working tree and remove all
+ # traces of the change
+ $ git reset --hard HEAD^
+ # remove the commit, but leave the files changed and staged for re-commit
+ $ git reset --soft HEAD^
+ # remove the commit, leave file change, but not staged for commit
+ $ git reset --mixed HEAD^
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can create branches, "cherry-pick" changes, or perform any number of Git
+ operations until the commits are in good order for pushing upstream
+ or for pull requests.
+ After a <filename>push</filename> or <filename>pull</filename> command,
+ commits are normally considered
+ "permanent" and you should not modify them.
+ If the commits need to be changed, you can incrementally do so with new commits.
+ These practices follow standard Git workflow and the <filename>kernel.org</filename> best
+ practices, which is recommended.
+ <note>
+ It is recommended to tag or branch before adding changes to a Yocto Project
+ BSP or before creating a new one.
+ The reason for this recommendation is because the branch or tag provides a
+ reference point to facilitate locating and exporting local changes.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='export-internally-via-patches'>
+ <title>Exporting Changes Internally by Using Patches</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes how you can extract committed changes from a working directory
+ by exporting them as patches.
+ Once the changes have been extracted, you can use the patches for upstream submission,
+ place them in a Yocto Project template for automatic kernel patching,
+ or apply them in many other common uses.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This example shows how to create a directory with sequentially numbered patches.
+ Once the directory is created, you can apply it to a repository using the
+ <filename>git am</filename> command to reproduce the original commit and all
+ the related information such as author, date, commit log, and so forth.
+ <note>
+ The new commit identifiers (ID) will be generated upon re-application.
+ This action reflects that the commit is now applied to an underlying commit
+ with a different ID.
+ </note>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # <first-commit> can be a tag if one was created before development
+ # began. It can also be the parent branch if a branch was created
+ # before development began.
+
+ $ git format-patch -o <dir> <first commit>..<last commit>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In other words:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # Identify commits of interest.
+
+ # If the tree was tagged before development
+ $ git format-patch -o <save dir> <tag>
+
+ # If no tags are available
+ $ git format-patch -o <save dir> HEAD^ # last commit
+ $ git format-patch -o <save dir> HEAD^^ # last 2 commits
+ $ git whatchanged # identify last commit
+ $ git format-patch -o <save dir> <commit id>
+ $ git format-patch -o <save dir> <rev-list>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='export-internally-via-git'>
+ <title>Exporting Changes Internally by Using Git</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes how you can export changes from a working directory
+ by pushing the changes into a master repository or by making a pull request.
+ Once you have pushed the changes to the master repository, you can then
+ pull those same changes into a new kernel build at a later time.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use this command form to push the changes:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git push ssh://<master_server>/<path_to_repo>
+ <local_branch>:<remote_branch>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, the following command pushes the changes from your local branch
+ <filename>yocto/standard/common-pc/base</filename> to the remote branch with the same name
+ in the master repository <filename>//git.mycompany.com/pub/git/kernel-3.4</filename>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git push ssh://git.mycompany.com/pub/git/kernel-3.4 \
+ yocto/standard/common-pc/base:yocto/standard/common-pc/base
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A pull request entails using the <filename>git request-pull</filename> command to compose
+ an email to the
+ maintainer requesting that a branch be pulled into the master repository, see
+ <ulink url='http://github.com/guides/pull-requests'></ulink> for an example.
+ <note>
+ Other commands such as <filename>git stash</filename> or branching can also be used to save
+ changes, but are not covered in this document.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='export-for-external-upstream-submission'>
+ <title>Exporting Changes for External (Upstream) Submission</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes how to export changes for external upstream submission.
+ If the patch series is large or the maintainer prefers to pull
+ changes, you can submit these changes by using a pull request.
+ However, it is common to send patches as an email series.
+ This method allows easy review and integration of the changes.
+ <note>
+ Before sending patches for review be sure you understand the
+ community standards for submitting and documenting changes and follow their best practices.
+ For example, kernel patches should follow standards such as:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <ulink url='http://linux.yyz.us/patch-format.html'></ulink></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Documentation/SubmittingPatches (in any linux
+ kernel source tree)</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The messages used to commit changes are a large part of these standards.
+ Consequently, be sure that the headers for each commit have the required information.
+ For information on how to follow the Yocto Project commit message standards, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a
+ Change</ulink>" section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If the initial commits were not properly documented or do not meet those standards,
+ you can re-base by using the <filename>git rebase -i</filename> command to
+ manipulate the commits and
+ get them into the required format.
+ Other techniques such as branching and cherry-picking commits are also viable options.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you complete the commits, you can generate the email that sends the patches
+ to the maintainer(s) or lists that review and integrate changes.
+ The command <filename>git send-email</filename> is commonly used to ensure
+ that patches are properly
+ formatted for easy application and avoid mailer-induced patch damage.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following is an example of dumping patches for external submission:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # dump the last 4 commits
+ $ git format-patch --thread -n -o ~/rr/ HEAD^^^^
+ $ git send-email --compose --subject '[RFC 0/N] <patch series summary>' \
+ --to foo@yoctoproject.org --to bar@yoctoproject.org \
+ --cc list@yoctoproject.org ~/rr
+ # the editor is invoked for the 0/N patch, and when complete the entire
+ # series is sent via email for review
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='export-for-import-into-other-scm'>
+ <title>Exporting Changes for Import into Another SCM</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When you want to export changes for import into another
+ Source Code Manager (SCM), you can use any of the previously discussed
+ techniques.
+ However, if the patches are manually applied to a secondary tree and then
+ that tree is checked into the SCM, you can lose change information such as
+ commit logs.
+ This process is not recommended.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Many SCMs can directly import Git commits, or can translate Git patches so that
+ information is not lost.
+ Those facilities are SCM-dependent and you should use them whenever possible.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='scm-working-with-the-yocto-project-kernel-in-another-scm'>
+ <title>Working with the Yocto Project Kernel in Another SCM</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes kernel development in an SCM other than Git,
+ which is not the same as exporting changes to another SCM described earlier.
+ For this scenario, you use the OpenEmbedded build system to
+ develop the kernel in a different SCM.
+ The following must be true for you to accomplish this:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The delivered Yocto Project kernel must be exported into the second
+ SCM.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Development must be exported from that secondary SCM into a
+ format that can be used by the OpenEmbedded build system.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='exporting-delivered-kernel-to-scm'>
+ <title>Exporting the Delivered Kernel to the SCM</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Depending on the SCM, it might be possible to export the entire Yocto Project
+ kernel Git repository, branches and all, into a new environment.
+ This method is preferred because it has the most flexibility and potential to maintain
+ the meta data associated with each commit.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When a direct import mechanism is not available, it is still possible to
+ export a branch (or series of branches) and check them into a new repository.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following commands illustrate some of the steps you could use to
+ import the <filename>yocto/standard/common-pc/base</filename>
+ kernel into a secondary SCM:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git checkout yocto/standard/common-pc/base
+ $ cd .. ; echo linux/.git > .cvsignore
+ $ cvs import -m "initial import" linux MY_COMPANY start
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You could now relocate the CVS repository and use it in a centralized manner.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following commands illustrate how you can condense and merge two BSPs into a
+ second SCM:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git checkout yocto/standard/common-pc/base
+ $ git merge yocto/standard/common-pc-64/base
+ # resolve any conflicts and commit them
+ $ cd .. ; echo linux/.git > .cvsignore
+ $ cvs import -m "initial import" linux MY_COMPANY start
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='importing-changes-for-build'>
+ <title>Importing Changes for the Build</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once development has reached a suitable point in the second development
+ environment, you need to export the changes as patches.
+ To export them, place the changes in a recipe and
+ automatically apply them to the kernel during patching.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='bsp-creating'>
+ <title>Creating a BSP Based on an Existing Similar BSP</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section overviews the process of creating a BSP based on an
+ existing similar BSP.
+ The information is introductory in nature and does not provide step-by-step examples.
+ For detailed information on how to create a new BSP, see
+ the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#creating-a-new-bsp-layer-using-the-yocto-bsp-script'>Creating a New BSP Layer Using the yocto-bsp Script</ulink>" section in the
+ Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide, or see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/Transcript:_creating_one_generic_Atom_BSP_from_another'>Transcript:_creating_one_generic_Atom_BSP_from_another</ulink>
+ wiki page.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The basic steps you need to follow are:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Make sure you have set up a local Source Directory:</emphasis>
+ You must create a local
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ by either creating a Git repository (recommended) or
+ extracting a Yocto Project release tarball.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Choose an existing BSP available with the Yocto Project:</emphasis>
+ Try to map your board features as closely to the features of a BSP that is
+ already supported and exists in the Yocto Project.
+ Starting with something as close as possible to your board makes developing
+ your BSP easier.
+ You can find all the BSPs that are supported and ship with the Yocto Project
+ on the Yocto Project's Download page at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/download'></ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Be sure you have the Base BSP:</emphasis>
+ You need to either have a local Git repository of the base BSP set up or
+ have downloaded and extracted the files from a release BSP tarball.
+ Either method gives you access to the BSP source files.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Make a copy of the existing BSP, thus isolating your new
+ BSP work:</emphasis>
+ Copying the existing BSP file structure gives you a new area in which to work.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Make configuration and recipe changes to your new BSP:</emphasis>
+ Configuration changes involve the files in the BSP's <filename>conf</filename>
+ directory.
+ Changes include creating a machine-specific configuration file and editing the
+ <filename>layer.conf</filename> file.
+ The configuration changes identify the kernel you will be using.
+ Recipe changes include removing, modifying, or adding new recipe files that
+ instruct the build process on what features to include in the image.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Prepare for the build:</emphasis>
+ Before you actually initiate the build, you need to set up the build environment
+ by sourcing the environment initialization script.
+ After setting up the environment, you need to make some build configuration
+ changes to the <filename>local.conf</filename> and <filename>bblayers.conf</filename>
+ files.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build the image:</emphasis>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses BitBake to create the image.
+ You need to decide on the type of image you are going to build (e.g. minimal, base,
+ core, sato, and so forth) and then start the build using the <filename>bitbake</filename>
+ command.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='tip-dirty-string'>
+ <title>"-dirty" String</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If kernel images are being built with "-dirty" on the end of the version
+ string, this simply means that modifications in the source
+ directory have not been committed.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git status
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use the above Git command to report modified, removed, or added files.
+ You should commit those changes to the tree regardless of whether they will be saved,
+ exported, or used.
+ Once you commit the changes you need to rebuild the kernel.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To brute force pickup and commit all such pending changes, enter the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git add .
+ $ git commit -s -a -m "getting rid of -dirty"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Next, rebuild the kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-faq.xml b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-faq.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b99ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-faq.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<appendix id='kernel-dev-faq'>
+<title>Kernel Development FAQ</title>
+
+<section id='kernel-dev-faq-section'>
+ <title>Common Questions and Solutions</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following lists some solutions for common questions.
+
+
+ <qandaset>
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I use my own Linux kernel <filename>.config</filename>
+ file?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ Refer to the "<link linkend='changing-the-configuration'>Changing the Configuration</link>"
+ section for information.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I create configuration fragments?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ Refer to the "<link linkend='generating-configuration-files'>Generating Configuration Files</link>"
+ section for information.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I use my own Linux kernel sources?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ Refer to the "<link linkend='working-with-your-own-sources'>Working With Your Own Sources</link>"
+ section for information.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I install/not-install the kernel image on the rootfs?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ The kernel image (e.g. <filename>vmlinuz</filename>) is provided
+ by the <filename>kernel-image</filename> package.
+ Image recipes depend on <filename>kernel-base</filename>.
+ To specify whether or not the kernel
+ image is installed in the generated root filesystem, override
+ <filename>RDEPENDS_kernel-base</filename> to include or not
+ include "kernel-image".</para>
+ <para>See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#using-bbappend-files'>Using .bbappend Files</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for information on
+ how to use an append file to override metadata.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I install a specific kernel module?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ Linux kernel modules are packaged individually.
+ To ensure a specific kernel module is included in an image,
+ include it in the appropriate machine
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></ulink>
+ variable.</para>
+ <para>These other variables are useful for installing specific
+ modules:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'><filename>MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'><filename>MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS</filename></ulink>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'><filename>MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</filename></ulink>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'><filename>MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS</filename></ulink>
+ </literallayout>
+ For example, set the following in the <filename>qemux86.conf</filename>
+ file to include the <filename>ab123</filename> kernel modules
+ with images built for the <filename>qemux86</filename> machine:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS += "kernel-module-ab123"
+ </literallayout>
+ For more information, see the
+ "<link linkend='incorporating-out-of-tree-modules'>Incorporating Out-of-Tree Modules</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I change the Linux kernel command line?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ The Linux kernel command line is typically specified in
+ the machine config using the <filename>APPEND</filename> variable.
+ For example, you can add some helpful debug information doing
+ the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ APPEND += "printk.time=y initcall_debug debug"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+ </qandaset>
+ </para>
+</section>
+</appendix>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-intro.xml b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-intro.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..263e500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-intro.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='kernel-dev-intro'>
+<title>Introduction</title>
+
+<!--
+<para>
+ <emphasis>AR - Darren Hart:</emphasis> See if the concepts in these
+ three bullets are adequately covered in somewhere in this manual:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Do we convey that our kernel Git repositories
+ have a clear and continuous history, similar to the way the
+ kernel Git repositories for <filename>kernel.org</filename>
+ do.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Does the manual note that Yocto Project delivers
+ a key set of supported kernel types, where
+ each type is tailored to meet a specific use (e.g. networking,
+ consumer, devices, and so forth).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Do we convey that the Yocto Project uses a
+ Git branching strategy that, from a
+ developer's point of view, results in a linear path from the
+ baseline kernel.org, through a select group of features and
+ ends with their BSP-specific commits.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+</para>
+-->
+
+ <section id='kernel-dev-overview'>
+ <title>Overview</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Regardless of how you intend to make use of the Yocto Project,
+ chances are you will work with the Linux kernel.
+ This manual provides background information on the Yocto Linux kernel
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>,
+ describes common tasks you can perform using the kernel tools,
+ and shows you how to use the kernel Metadata needed to work with
+ the kernel inside the Yocto Project.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Each Yocto Project release has a set of linux-yocto recipes, whose
+ Git repositories you can view in the Yocto
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;'>Source Repositories</ulink> under
+ the "Yocto Linux Kernel" heading.
+ New recipes for the release track the latest upstream developments
+ and introduce newly-supported platforms.
+ Previous recipes in the release are refreshed and supported for at
+ least one additional release.
+ As they align, these previous releases are updated to include the
+ latest from the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/organization/long-term-support-initiative-ltsi'>Long Term Support Initiative</ulink>
+ (LTSI) project.
+ Also included is a linux-yocto development recipe
+ (<filename>linux-yocto-dev.bb</filename>) should you want to work
+ with the very latest in upstream Linux kernel development and
+ kernel Metadata development.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project also provides a powerful set of kernel
+ tools for managing Linux kernel sources and configuration data.
+ You can use these tools to make a single configuration change,
+ apply multiple patches, or work with your own kernel sources.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In particular, the kernel tools allow you to generate configuration
+ fragments that specify only what you must, and nothing more.
+ Configuration fragments only need to contain the highest level
+ visible <filename>CONFIG</filename> options as presented by the Linux
+ kernel <filename>menuconfig</filename> system.
+ Contrast this against a complete Linux kernel
+ <filename>.config</filename>, which includes all the automatically
+ selected <filename>CONFIG</filename> options.
+ This efficiency reduces your maintenance effort and allows you
+ to further separate your configuration in ways that make sense for
+ your project.
+ A common split separates policy and hardware.
+ For example, all your kernels might support
+ the <filename>proc</filename> and <filename>sys</filename> filesystems,
+ but only specific boards require sound, USB, or specific drivers.
+ Specifying these configurations individually allows you to aggregate
+ them together as needed, but maintains them in only one place.
+ Similar logic applies to separating source changes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not maintain your own kernel sources and need to make
+ only minimal changes to the sources, the released recipes provide a
+ vetted base upon which to layer your changes.
+ Doing so allows you to benefit from the continual kernel
+ integration and testing performed during development of the
+ Yocto Project.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If, instead, you have a very specific Linux kernel source tree
+ and are unable to align with one of the official linux-yocto
+ recipes, an alternative exists by which you can use the Yocto
+ Project Linux kernel tools with your own kernel sources.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='kernel-dev-other-resources'>
+ <title>Other Resources</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The sections that follow provide instructions for completing
+ specific Linux kernel development tasks.
+ These instructions assume you are comfortable working with
+ <ulink url='http://openembedded.org/wiki/Bitbake'>BitBake</ulink>
+ recipes and basic open-source development tools.
+ Understanding these concepts will facilitate the process of working
+ with the kernel recipes.
+ If you find you need some additional background, please be sure to
+ review and understand the following documentation:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;'>Yocto Project Quick Start</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-modifying-source-code'>Modifying Source Code</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding and Creating Layers</ulink>" section
+ in the Yocto Project Development Manual</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#modifying-the-kernel'>Modifying the Kernel</ulink>" section
+ in the Yocto Project Development Manual.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, while this document focuses on the manual creation of
+ recipes, patches, and configuration files, the Yocto Project
+ Board Support Package (BSP) tools are available to automate
+ this process with existing content and work well to create the
+ initial framework and boilerplate code.
+ For details on these tools, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#using-the-yocto-projects-bsp-tools'>Using the Yocto Project's BSP Tools</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's
+ Guide.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-maint-appx.xml b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-maint-appx.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bb0cf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-maint-appx.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<appendix id='kernel-dev-maint-appx'>
+<title>Kernel Maintenance</title>
+
+ <section id='tree-construction'>
+ <title>Tree Construction</title>
+ <para>
+ This section describes construction of the Yocto Project kernel source repositories
+ as accomplished by the Yocto Project team to create kernel repositories.
+ These kernel repositories are found under the heading "Yocto Linux Kernel" at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'>&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi</ulink>
+ and can be shipped as part of a Yocto Project release.
+ The team creates these repositories by
+ compiling and executing the set of feature descriptions for every BSP
+ and feature in the product.
+ Those feature descriptions list all necessary patches,
+ configuration, branching, tagging and feature divisions found in a kernel.
+ Thus, the Yocto Project kernel repository (or tree) is built.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The existence of this tree allows you to access and clone a particular
+ Yocto Project kernel repository and use it to build images based on their configurations
+ and features.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ You can find the files used to describe all the valid features and BSPs
+ in the Yocto Project kernel in any clone of the Yocto Project kernel source repository
+ Git tree.
+ For example, the following command clones the Yocto Project baseline kernel that
+ branched off of <filename>linux.org</filename> version 3.19:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/linux-yocto-3.19
+ </literallayout>
+ For another example of how to set up a local Git repository of the Yocto Project
+ kernel files, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</ulink>" bulleted
+ item in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Once you have cloned the kernel Git repository on your local machine, you can
+ switch to the <filename>meta</filename> branch within the repository.
+ Here is an example that assumes the local Git repository for the kernel is in
+ a top-level directory named <filename>linux-yocto-3.19</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd linux-yocto-3.19
+ $ git checkout -b meta origin/meta
+ </literallayout>
+ Once you have checked out and switched to the <filename>meta</filename> branch,
+ you can see a snapshot of all the kernel configuration and feature descriptions that are
+ used to build that particular kernel repository.
+ These descriptions are in the form of <filename>.scc</filename> files.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ You should realize, however, that browsing your local kernel repository
+ for feature descriptions and patches is not an effective way to determine what is in a
+ particular kernel branch.
+ Instead, you should use Git directly to discover the changes in a branch.
+ Using Git is an efficient and flexible way to inspect changes to the kernel.
+ <note>
+ Ground up reconstruction of the complete kernel tree is an action only taken by the
+ Yocto Project team during an active development cycle.
+ When you create a clone of the kernel Git repository, you are simply making it
+ efficiently available for building and development.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The following steps describe what happens when the Yocto Project Team constructs
+ the Yocto Project kernel source Git repository (or tree) found at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'></ulink> given the
+ introduction of a new top-level kernel feature or BSP.
+ These are the actions that effectively create the tree
+ that includes the new feature, patch or BSP:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>A top-level kernel feature is passed to the kernel build subsystem.
+ Normally, this feature is a BSP for a particular kernel type.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The file that describes the top-level feature is located by searching
+ these system directories:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The in-tree kernel-cache directories, which are located
+ in <filename>meta/cfg/kernel-cache</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Areas pointed to by <filename>SRC_URI</filename> statements
+ found in recipes</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ For a typical build, the target of the search is a
+ feature description in an <filename>.scc</filename> file
+ whose name follows this format:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>-<replaceable>kernel_type</replaceable>.scc
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Once located, the feature description is either compiled into a simple script
+ of actions, or into an existing equivalent script that is already part of the
+ shipped kernel.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Extra features are appended to the top-level feature description.
+ These features can come from the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-KERNEL_FEATURES'><filename>KERNEL_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ variable in recipes.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Each extra feature is located, compiled and appended to the script
+ as described in step three.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The script is executed to produce a series of <filename>meta-*</filename>
+ directories.
+ These directories are descriptions of all the branches, tags, patches and configurations that
+ need to be applied to the base Git repository to completely create the
+ source (build) branch for the new BSP or feature.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The base repository is cloned, and the actions
+ listed in the <filename>meta-*</filename> directories are applied to the
+ tree.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The Git repository is left with the desired branch checked out and any
+ required branching, patching and tagging has been performed.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The kernel tree is now ready for developer consumption to be locally cloned,
+ configured, and built into a Yocto Project kernel specific to some target hardware.
+ <note><para>The generated <filename>meta-*</filename> directories add to the kernel
+ as shipped with the Yocto Project release.
+ Any add-ons and configuration data are applied to the end of an existing branch.
+ The full repository generation that is found in the
+ official Yocto Project kernel repositories at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'>http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit.cgi</ulink>
+ is the combination of all supported boards and configurations.</para>
+ <para>The technique the Yocto Project team uses is flexible and allows for seamless
+ blending of an immutable history with additional patches specific to a
+ deployment.
+ Any additions to the kernel become an integrated part of the branches.</para>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='build-strategy'>
+ <title>Build Strategy</title>
+
+<!--
+ <para>
+ <emphasis>AR - Darren Hart:</emphasis> Some parts of this section
+ need to be in the
+ "<link linkend='using-an-iterative-development-process'>Using an Iterative Development Process</link>"
+ section.
+ Darren needs to figure out which parts and identify them.
+ </para>
+-->
+
+ <para>
+ Once a local Git repository of the Yocto Project kernel exists on a development system,
+ you can consider the compilation phase of kernel development - building a kernel image.
+ Some prerequisites exist that are validated by the build process before compilation
+ starts:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></ulink> points
+ to the kernel Git repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>A BSP build branch exists.
+ This branch has the following form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>kernel_type</replaceable>/<replaceable>bsp_name</replaceable>
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system makes sure these conditions exist before attempting compilation.
+ Other means, however, do exist, such as as bootstrapping a BSP.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before building a kernel, the build process verifies the tree
+ and configures the kernel by processing all of the
+ configuration "fragments" specified by feature descriptions in the <filename>.scc</filename>
+ files.
+ As the features are compiled, associated kernel configuration fragments are noted
+ and recorded in the <filename>meta-*</filename> series of directories in their compilation order.
+ The fragments are migrated, pre-processed and passed to the Linux Kernel
+ Configuration subsystem (<filename>lkc</filename>) as raw input in the form
+ of a <filename>.config</filename> file.
+ The <filename>lkc</filename> uses its own internal dependency constraints to do the final
+ processing of that information and generates the final <filename>.config</filename> file
+ that is used during compilation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Using the board's architecture and other relevant values from the board's template,
+ kernel compilation is started and a kernel image is produced.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The other thing that you notice once you configure a kernel is that
+ the build process generates a build tree that is separate from your kernel's local Git
+ source repository tree.
+ This build tree has a name that uses the following form, where
+ <filename>${MACHINE}</filename> is the metadata name of the machine (BSP) and "kernel_type" is one
+ of the Yocto Project supported kernel types (e.g. "standard"):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ linux-${MACHINE}-<replaceable>kernel_type</replaceable>-build
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The existing support in the <filename>kernel.org</filename> tree achieves this
+ default functionality.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This behavior means that all the generated files for a particular machine or BSP are now in
+ the build tree directory.
+ The files include the final <filename>.config</filename> file, all the <filename>.o</filename>
+ files, the <filename>.a</filename> files, and so forth.
+ Since each machine or BSP has its own separate
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ in its own separate branch
+ of the Git repository, you can easily switch between different builds.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</appendix>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-style.css b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e0c1c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev-style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
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+ Browser wrangling and typographic design by
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+
+ Customised for Poky by
+ Matthew Allum / mallum@o-hand.com
+
+ Thanks to:
+ Liam R. E. Quin
+ William Skaggs
+ Jakub Steiner
+
+ Structure
+ ---------
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+ The stylesheet is divided into the following sections:
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diff --git a/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev.xml b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3df2cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/kernel-dev/kernel-dev.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<book id='kernel-dev' lang='en'
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
+ xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ >
+ <bookinfo>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref='figures/kernel-dev-title.png'
+ format='SVG'
+ align='left' scalefit='1' width='100%'/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ <title>
+ Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual
+ </title>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Darren</firstname> <surname>Hart</surname>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>Intel Corporation</orgname>
+ </affiliation>
+ <email>darren.hart@intel.com</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+
+ <revhistory>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.4</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.4 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5.1</revnumber>
+ <date>January 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.6</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.6 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.7</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.7 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.8</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.8 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.9</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.9 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>©RIGHT_YEAR;</year>
+ <holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <legalnotice>
+ <para>
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
+ the terms of the <ulink type="http" url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales</ulink> as published by Creative Commons.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ For the latest version of this manual associated with this
+ Yocto Project release, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual</ulink>
+ from the Yocto Project website.
+ </note>
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ </bookinfo>
+
+ <xi:include href="kernel-dev-intro.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="kernel-dev-common.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="kernel-dev-advanced.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="kernel-dev-concepts-appx.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="kernel-dev-maint-appx.xml"/>
+
+<!--
+ <xi:include href="kernel-dev-examples.xml"/>
+-->
+
+ <xi:include href="kernel-dev-faq.xml"/>
+
+<!-- <index id='index'>
+ <title>Index</title>
+ </index>
+-->
+
+</book>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/mega-manual/figures/adt-title.png b/documentation/mega-manual/figures/adt-title.png
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/mega-manual/mega-manual-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:param name="generate.toc">
+ appendix toc
+ chapter toc
+ article nop
+ book nop
+ part nop
+ preface nop
+ qandadiv nop
+ qandaset nop
+ reference nop
+ section nop
+ set nop
+ </xsl:param>
+
+ <xsl:include href="../template/permalinks.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/section.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/component.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/division.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/formal.object.heading.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/gloss-permalinks.xsl"/>
+
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'mega-style.css'" />
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel">A</xsl:param>
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="generate.id.attributes" select="1" />
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/mega-manual/mega-manual.xml b/documentation/mega-manual/mega-manual.xml
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/mega-manual/mega-manual.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+
+<book id='mega-manual' lang='en'
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
+ xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ >
+
+ <bookinfo>
+
+ <abstract>
+ The Yocto Project Mega-Manual is a concatenation of the published
+ Yocto Project HTML manuals for the given release.
+ The manual exists to help users efficiently search for strings
+ across the entire Yocto Project documentation set.
+ </abstract>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref='figures/mega-title.png'
+ format='SVG'
+ align='left' scalefit='1' width='100%'/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ <title>
+ Yocto Project Mega-Manual
+ </title>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Scott</firstname> <surname>Rifenbark</surname>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>Intel Corporation</orgname>
+ </affiliation>
+ <email>scott.m.rifenbark@intel.com</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+
+ <revhistory>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.8</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.8 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.9</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.9 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>©RIGHT_YEAR;</year>
+ <holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <legalnotice>
+ <para>
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
+ the terms of the <ulink type="http" url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales</ulink> as published by Creative Commons.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ For the latest version of this manual associated with this
+ Yocto Project release, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_MM_URL;'>Yocto Project Mega-Manual</ulink>
+ from the Yocto Project website.
+ </note>
+
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ </bookinfo>
+
+<!-- Includes yocto-project-qs -->
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs.xml"/>
+
+<!-- Includes dev-manual title image and then dev-manual chapters -->
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/dev-title.png" width="100%" align="left" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../dev-manual/dev-manual-intro.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../dev-manual/dev-manual-start.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../dev-manual/dev-manual-newbie.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../dev-manual/dev-manual-model.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../dev-manual/dev-manual-common-tasks.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../dev-manual/dev-manual-qemu.xml"/>
+
+<!-- Includes adt-manual title image and then adt-manual chapters -->
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/adt-title.png" width="100%" align="left" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../adt-manual/adt-manual-intro.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../adt-manual/adt-intro.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../adt-manual/adt-prepare.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../adt-manual/adt-package.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../adt-manual/adt-command.xml"/>
+
+<!-- Includes bsp-guide title image and then bsp-guide chapters -->
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/bsp-title.png" width="100%" align="left" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../bsp-guide/bsp.xml"/>
+
+<!-- Includes kernel-dev title image and then kernel-dev chapters -->
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-dev-title.png" width="100%" align="left" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../kernel-dev/kernel-dev-intro.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../kernel-dev/kernel-dev-common.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../kernel-dev/kernel-dev-advanced.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../kernel-dev/kernel-dev-concepts-appx.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../kernel-dev/kernel-dev-maint-appx.xml"/>
+
+<!-- Includes profile-manual title image and then profile-manual chapters -->
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/profile-title.png" width="100%" align="left" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../profile-manual/profile-manual-intro.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../profile-manual/profile-manual-arch.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../profile-manual/profile-manual-usage.xml"/>
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../profile-manual/profile-manual-examples.xml"/>
+
+<!-- Includes ref-manual title image and then ref-manual chapters -->
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/poky-title.png" width="100%" align="left" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/introduction.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/usingpoky.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/closer-look.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/technical-details.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/migration.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/ref-structure.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/ref-classes.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/ref-tasks.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/ref-qa-checks.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/ref-images.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/ref-features.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/ref-variables.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/ref-varlocality.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/faq.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../ref-manual/resources.xml"/>
+
+<!-- Includes toaster-manual title image and then toaster-manual chapters -->
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/toaster-title.png" width="100%" align="left" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../toaster-manual/toaster-manual-intro.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../toaster-manual/toaster-manual-start.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../toaster-manual/toaster-manual-setup-and-use.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../toaster-manual/toaster-manual-reference.xml"/>
+
+</book>
+
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/mega-manual/mega-style.css b/documentation/mega-manual/mega-style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df71a20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/mega-manual/mega-style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+/*
+ Generic XHTML / DocBook XHTML CSS Stylesheet.
+
+ Browser wrangling and typographic design by
+ Oyvind Kolas / pippin@gimp.org
+
+ Customised for Poky by
+ Matthew Allum / mallum@o-hand.com
+
+ Thanks to:
+ Liam R. E. Quin
+ William Skaggs
+ Jakub Steiner
+
+ Structure
+ ---------
+
+ The stylesheet is divided into the following sections:
+
+ Positioning
+ Margins, paddings, width, font-size, clearing.
+ Decorations
+ Borders, style
+ Colors
+ Colors
+ Graphics
+ Graphical backgrounds
+ Nasty IE tweaks
+ Workarounds needed to make it work in internet explorer,
+ currently makes the stylesheet non validating, but up until
+ this point it is validating.
+ Mozilla extensions
+ Transparency for footer
+ Rounded corners on boxes
+
+*/
+
+
+ /*************** /
+ / Positioning /
+/ ***************/
+
+body {
+ font-family: Verdana, Sans, sans-serif;
+
+ min-width: 640px;
+ width: 80%;
+ margin: 0em auto;
+ padding: 2em 5em 5em 5em;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h7 {
+ font-family: Arial, Sans;
+ color: #00557D;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+h1 {
+ font-size: 2em;
+ text-align: left;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ margin: 2em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ margin: 0.10em 0em 3.0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.8em;
+ padding-left: 20%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ margin: 2em 0em 0.66em 0em;
+ padding: 0.5em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.5em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h3.subtitle {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 142.14%;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 140%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 120%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h6 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.authorgroup {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ padding-top: 256px;
+ background-image: url("figures/mega-title.png");
+ background-position: left top;
+ margin-top: -256px;
+ padding-right: 50px;
+ margin-left: 0px;
+ text-align: right;
+ width: 740px;
+}
+
+h3.author {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ color: #333;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.author tt.email {
+ font-size: 66%;
+}
+
+.titlepage hr {
+ width: 0em;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.revhistory {
+ padding-top: 2em;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.toc,
+.list-of-tables,
+.list-of-examples,
+.list-of-figures {
+ padding: 1.33em 0em 2.5em 0em;
+ color: #00557D;
+}
+
+.toc p,
+.list-of-tables p,
+.list-of-figures p,
+.list-of-examples p {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0.3em;
+ margin: 1.5em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc p b,
+.list-of-tables p b,
+.list-of-figures p b,
+.list-of-examples p b{
+ font-size: 100.0%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.toc dl,
+.list-of-tables dl,
+.list-of-figures dl,
+.list-of-examples dl {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc dt {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc dd {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 2.6em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+div.glossary dl,
+div.variablelist dl {
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ width: 20em;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+.variablelist dl dt {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dd,
+.variablelist dl dd {
+ margin-top: -1em;
+ margin-left: 25.5em;
+}
+
+.glossary dd p,
+.variablelist dd p {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+
+div.calloutlist table td {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+div.calloutlist table td p {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+div p.copyright {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+div.legalnotice p.legalnotice-title {
+ margin-bottom: 0em;
+}
+
+p {
+ line-height: 1.5em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+
+}
+
+dl {
+ padding-top: 0em;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border: solid 1px;
+}
+
+
+.mediaobject,
+.mediaobjectco {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+img {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+ul {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 1.5em;
+}
+
+ul li {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+ul li p {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+table {
+ width :100%;
+}
+
+th {
+ padding: 0.25em;
+ text-align: left;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+td {
+ padding: 0.25em;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+p a[id] {
+ margin: 0px;
+ padding: 0px;
+ display: inline;
+ background-image: none;
+}
+
+a {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+pre {
+ overflow: auto;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ /*font-weight: bold;*/
+}
+
+/* This style defines how the permalink character
+ appears by itself and when hovered over with
+ the mouse. */
+
+[alt='Permalink'] { color: #eee; }
+[alt='Permalink']:hover { color: black; }
+
+
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informalexample,
+div.informaltable,
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example {
+ margin: 1em 0em;
+ padding: 1em;
+ page-break-inside: avoid;
+}
+
+
+div.informalfigure p.title b,
+div.informalexample p.title b,
+div.informaltable p.title b,
+div.figure p.title b,
+div.example p.title b,
+div.table p.title b{
+ padding-top: 0em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+.mediaobject .caption,
+.mediaobject .caption p {
+ text-align: center;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+ padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.epigraph {
+ padding-left: 55%;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+.epigraph p {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.epigraph .quote {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+.epigraph .attribution {
+ font-style: normal;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+span.application {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.programlisting {
+ font-family: monospace;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ white-space: pre;
+ margin: 1.33em 0em;
+ padding: 1.33em;
+}
+
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ margin-top: 1em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+
+}
+
+/* force full width of table within div */
+.tip table,
+.warning table,
+.caution table,
+.note table {
+ border: none;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ padding: 0.8em 0.0em 0.0em 0.0em;
+ margin : 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.tip p,
+.warning p,
+.caution p,
+.note p {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+ padding-right: 1em;
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.acronym {
+ text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ padding: 0.09em 0.3em;
+ margin: 0em;
+}
+
+.itemizedlist li {
+ clear: none;
+}
+
+.filename {
+ font-size: medium;
+ font-family: Courier, monospace;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ position: absolute;
+ left: 0em;
+ top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+ background-color: #cdf;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ position: fixed;
+ left: 0em;
+ bottom: 0em;
+ background-color: #eee;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader td,
+div.navfooter td {
+ font-size: 66%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table th {
+ /*font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;*/
+ /*font-size: x-large;*/
+ font-size: 80%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-bottom: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a,
+div.navfooter table td a {
+ color: #777;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/* normal text in the footer */
+div.navfooter table td {
+ color: black;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a:visited,
+div.navfooter table td a:visited {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+
+/* links in header and footer */
+div.navheader table td a:hover,
+div.navfooter table td a:hover {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ background-color: transparent;
+ color: #33a;
+}
+
+div.navheader hr,
+div.navfooter hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+.qandaset tr.question td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.qandaset tr.answer td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+.answer td {
+ padding-bottom: 1.5em;
+}
+
+.emphasis {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+ /************* /
+ / decorations /
+/ *************/
+
+.titlepage {
+}
+
+.part .title {
+}
+
+.subtitle {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+/*
+h1 {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ border-top: solid 0.2em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ border-top: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ border: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+*/
+
+.programlisting {
+ border: solid 1px;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample,
+div.example {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ border-bottom: 1px solid;
+}
+
+.question td {
+ border-top: 1px solid black;
+}
+
+.answer {
+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ border-bottom: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ border-top: 1px solid;
+}
+
+ /********* /
+ / colors /
+/ *********/
+
+body {
+ color: #333;
+ background: white;
+}
+
+a {
+ background: transparent;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+ background-color: #dedede;
+}
+
+
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7,
+h8 {
+ background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+
+.tip, .warning, .caution, .note {
+ border-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ border-bottom-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.warning {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.caution {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.tip {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.note {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ color: #044;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+pre.programlisting {
+ color: black;
+ background-color: #fff;
+ border-color: #aaa;
+ border-width: 2px;
+}
+
+.guimenu,
+.guilabel,
+.guimenuitem {
+ background-color: #eee;
+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ background-color: #eee;
+ border-color: #999;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+ /*********** /
+ / graphics /
+/ ***********/
+
+/*
+body {
+ background-image: url("images/body_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.navheader,
+.note,
+.tip {
+ background-image: url("images/note_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.warning,
+.caution {
+ background-image: url("images/warning_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.figure,
+.informalfigure,
+.example,
+.informalexample,
+.table,
+.informaltable {
+ background-image: url("images/figure_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+*/
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7{
+}
+
+/*
+Example of how to stick an image as part of the title.
+
+div.article .titlepage .title
+{
+ background-image: url("figures/white-on-black.png");
+ background-position: center;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+}
+*/
+
+div.preface .titlepage .title,
+div.colophon .title,
+div.chapter .titlepage .title,
+div.article .titlepage .title
+{
+}
+
+div.section div.section .titlepage .title,
+div.sect2 .titlepage .title {
+ background: none;
+}
+
+
+h1.title {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ height: 256px;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+ width: 0px;
+ display: none;
+}
+
+ /*************************************** /
+ / pippin.gimp.org specific alterations /
+/ ***************************************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ color: #777;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding: 0;
+ margin: 0;
+ text-align: left;
+ position: absolute;
+ top: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+ width: 100%;
+ height: 50px;
+ background: url('/gfx/heading_bg.png') transparent;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+ border: none;
+}
+
+div.heading a {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ border: none;
+ color: #ddd;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ text-align:right;
+
+ width: 100%;
+ padding-top: 10px;
+ position: absolute;
+ bottom: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+
+ background: url('/gfx/footing_bg.png') transparent;
+}
+*/
+
+
+
+ /****************** /
+ / nasty ie tweaks /
+/ ******************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+ margin-left:expression("-5em");
+}
+body {
+ padding:expression("4em 5em 0em 5em");
+}
+*/
+
+ /**************************************** /
+ / mozilla vendor specific css extensions /
+/ ****************************************/
+/*
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ -moz-opacity: 0.8em;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample,
+div.example,
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.5em;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.3em;
+}
+*/
+
+table tr td table tr td {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+table {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+
+ .photo {
+ float: right;
+ margin-left: 1.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ max-width: 17em;
+ border: 1px solid gray;
+ padding: 3px;
+ background: white;
+}
+ .seperator {
+ padding-top: 2em;
+ clear: both;
+ }
+
+ #validators {
+ margin-top: 5em;
+ text-align: right;
+ color: #777;
+ }
+ @media print {
+ body {
+ font-size: 8pt;
+ }
+ .noprint {
+ display: none;
+ }
+ }
+
+
+.tip,
+.note {
+ background: #f0f0f2;
+ color: #333;
+ padding: 20px;
+ margin: 20px;
+}
+
+.tip h3,
+.note h3 {
+ padding: 0em;
+ margin: 0em;
+ font-size: 2em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+.tip a,
+.note a {
+ color: #333;
+ text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.footnote {
+ font-size: small;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+/* Changes the announcement text */
+.tip h3,
+.warning h3,
+.caution h3,
+.note h3 {
+ font-size:large;
+ color: #00557D;
+}
diff --git a/documentation/poky.ent b/documentation/poky.ent
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07c4f6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/poky.ent
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<!ENTITY DISTRO "1.9">
+<!ENTITY DISTRO_COMPRESSED "19">
+<!ENTITY DISTRO_NAME "tbd">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOC_VERSION "1.9">
+<!ENTITY POKYVERSION "14.0.0">
+<!ENTITY POKYVERSION_COMPRESSED "1400">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_POKY "poky-&DISTRO_NAME;-&POKYVERSION;">
+<!ENTITY COPYRIGHT_YEAR "2010-2015">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DL_URL "http://downloads.yoctoproject.org">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_HOME_URL "http://www.yoctoproject.org">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_LISTS_URL "http://lists.yoctoproject.org">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_BUGZILLA_URL "http://bugzilla.yoctoproject.org">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_WIKI_URL "https://wiki.yoctoproject.org">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_AB_URL "http://autobuilder.yoctoproject.org">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_GIT_URL "http://git.yoctoproject.org">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_ADTREPO_URL "http://adtrepo.yoctoproject.org">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_RELEASE_NOTES "&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/downloads/core/&DISTRO_NAME;&DISTRO_COMPRESSED;">
+<!ENTITY OE_HOME_URL "http://www.openembedded.org">
+<!ENTITY OE_LISTS_URL "http://lists.openembedded.org/mailman">
+<!ENTITY OE_DOCS_URL "http://docs.openembedded.org">
+<!ENTITY OH_HOME_URL "http://o-hand.com">
+<!ENTITY BITBAKE_HOME_URL "http://developer.berlios.de/projects/bitbake/">
+<!ENTITY ECLIPSE_MAIN_URL "http://www.eclipse.org/downloads">
+<!ENTITY ECLIPSE_DL_URL "http://download.eclipse.org">
+<!ENTITY ECLIPSE_DL_PLUGIN_URL "&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/eclipse-plugin/&DISTRO;">
+<!ENTITY ECLIPSE_UPDATES_URL "&ECLIPSE_DL_URL;/tm/updates/3.3">
+<!ENTITY ECLIPSE_INDIGO_URL "&ECLIPSE_DL_URL;/releases/indigo">
+<!ENTITY ECLIPSE_JUNO_URL "&ECLIPSE_DL_URL;/releases/juno">
+<!ENTITY ECLIPSE_LUNA_URL "&ECLIPSE_DL_URL;/releases/luna">
+<!ENTITY ECLIPSE_KEPLER_URL "&ECLIPSE_DL_URL;/releases/kepler">
+<!ENTITY ECLIPSE_INDIGO_CDT_URL "&ECLIPSE_DL_URL;/tools/cdt/releases/indigo">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_URL "&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/docs">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_SOURCES_URL "&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/sources/">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_AB_PORT_URL "&YOCTO_AB_URL;:8010">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_AB_NIGHTLY_URL "&YOCTO_AB_URL;/pub/nightly/">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_POKY_URL "&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/poky/">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_RELEASE_DL_URL "&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/yocto/yocto-&DISTRO;">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_TOOLCHAIN_DL_URL "&YOCTO_RELEASE_DL_URL;/toolchain/">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_ECLIPSE_DL_URL "&YOCTO_RELEASE_DL_URL;/eclipse-plugin/">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_ADTINSTALLER_DL_URL "&YOCTO_RELEASE_DL_URL;/adt-installer">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_POKY_DL_URL "&YOCTO_RELEASE_DL_URL;/&YOCTO_POKY;.tar.bz2">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_MACHINES_DL_URL "&YOCTO_RELEASE_DL_URL;/machines">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_QEMU_DL_URL "&YOCTO_MACHINES_DL_URL;/qemu">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_PYTHON-i686_DL_URL "&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/miscsupport/python-nativesdk-standalone-i686.tar.bz2">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_PYTHON-x86_64_DL_URL "&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/miscsupport/python-nativesdk-standalone-x86_64.tar.bz2">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL "&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs.html">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL "&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;/adt-manual/adt-manual.html">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL "&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;/ref-manual/ref-manual.html">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL "&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;/bsp-guide/bsp-guide.html">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL "&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;/dev-manual/dev-manual.html">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_URL "&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;/kernel-manual/kernel-manual.html">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL "&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;/kernel-dev/kernel-dev.html">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL "&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;/profile-manual/profile-manual.html">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_MM_URL "&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;/mega-manual/mega-manual.html">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL "&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;/bitbake-user-manual/bitbake-user-manual.html">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL "&YOCTO_DOCS_URL;/&YOCTO_DOC_VERSION;/toaster-manual/toaster-manual.html">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_ADTPATH_DIR "/opt/poky/&DISTRO;">
+<!ENTITY YOCTO_POKY_TARBALL "&YOCTO_POKY;.tar.bz2">
+<!ENTITY OE_INIT_PATH "&YOCTO_POKY;/oe-init-build-env">
+<!ENTITY OE_INIT_FILE "oe-init-build-env">
+<!ENTITY UBUNTU_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL "gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib \
+ build-essential chrpath socat">
+<!ENTITY FEDORA_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL "gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python unzip perl patch \
+ diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel texinfo chrpath \
+ ccache perl-Data-Dumper perl-Text-ParseWords perl-Thread-Queue socat \
+ findutils which">
+<!ENTITY OPENSUSE_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL "python gcc gcc-c++ git chrpath make wget python-xml \
+ diffstat makeinfo python-curses patch socat">
+<!ENTITY CENTOS_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL "gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python unzip perl patch \
+ diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel texinfo chrpath socat">
diff --git a/documentation/profile-manual/figures/kernelshark-all.png b/documentation/profile-manual/figures/kernelshark-all.png
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diff --git a/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-arch.xml b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-arch.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19d1155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-arch.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='profile-manual-arch'>
+
+<title>Overall Architecture of the Linux Tracing and Profiling Tools</title>
+
+<section id='architecture-of-the-tracing-and-profiling-tools'>
+ <title>Architecture of the Tracing and Profiling Tools</title>
+
+ <para>
+ It may seem surprising to see a section covering an 'overall architecture'
+ for what seems to be a random collection of tracing tools that together
+ make up the Linux tracing and profiling space.
+ The fact is, however, that in recent years this seemingly disparate
+ set of tools has started to converge on a 'core' set of underlying
+ mechanisms:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>static tracepoints</listitem>
+ <listitem>dynamic tracepoints
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>kprobes</listitem>
+ <listitem>uprobes</listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>the perf_events subsystem</listitem>
+ <listitem>debugfs</listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <informalexample>
+ <emphasis>Tying it Together:</emphasis> Rather than enumerating here how each tool makes use of
+ these common mechanisms, textboxes like this will make note of the
+ specific usages in each tool as they come up in the course
+ of the text.
+ </informalexample>
+</section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-customization.xsl b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..caa57ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:include href="../template/permalinks.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/section.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/component.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/division.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/formal.object.heading.xsl"/>
+
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'profile-manual-style.css'" />
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel" select="A" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="generate.id.attributes" select="1" />
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a898281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
+ version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import
+ href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:param name="chunker.output.indent" select="'yes'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.quietly" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.first.sections" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.section.depth" select="10"/>
+ <xsl:param name="use.id.as.filename" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="ulink.target" select="'_self'" />
+ <xsl:param name="base.dir" select="'html/profile-manual/'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'../book.css'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="eclipse.manifest" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="create.plugin.xml" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="suppress.navigation" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="generate.index" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel">A</xsl:param>
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-examples.xml b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-examples.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9630c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-examples.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='profile-manual-examples'>
+
+<title>Real-World Examples</title>
+
+<para>
+ This chapter contains real-world examples.
+</para>
+
+<section id='slow-write-speed-on-live-images'>
+ <title>Slow Write Speed on Live Images</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In one of our previous releases (denzil), users noticed that booting
+ off of a live image and writing to disk was noticeably slower.
+ This included the boot itself, especially the first one, since first
+ boots tend to do a significant amount of writing due to certain
+ post-install scripts.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The problem (and solution) was discovered by using the Yocto tracing
+ tools, in this case 'perf stat', 'perf script', 'perf record'
+ and 'perf report'.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See all the unvarnished details of how this bug was diagnosed and
+ solved here: Yocto Bug #3049
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-intro.xml b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-intro.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc47f52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-intro.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='profile-manual-intro'>
+
+<title>Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual</title>
+ <section id='profile-intro'>
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Yocto bundles a number of tracing and profiling tools - this 'HOWTO'
+ describes their basic usage and shows by example how to make use
+ of them to examine application and system behavior.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The tools presented are for the most part completely open-ended and
+ have quite good and/or extensive documentation of their own which
+ can be used to solve just about any problem you might come across
+ in Linux.
+ Each section that describes a particular tool has links to that
+ tool's documentation and website.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The purpose of this 'HOWTO' is to present a set of common and
+ generally useful tracing and profiling idioms along with their
+ application (as appropriate) to each tool, in the context of a
+ general-purpose 'drill-down' methodology that can be applied
+ to solving a large number (90%?) of problems.
+ For help with more advanced usages and problems, please see
+ the documentation and/or websites listed for each tool.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The final section of this 'HOWTO' is a collection of real-world
+ examples which we'll be continually adding to as we solve more
+ problems using the tools - feel free to add your own examples
+ to the list!
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='profile-manual-general-setup'>
+ <title>General Setup</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Most of the tools are available only in 'sdk' images or in images
+ built after adding 'tools-profile' to your local.conf.
+ So, in order to be able to access all of the tools described here,
+ please first build and boot an 'sdk' image e.g.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake core-image-sato-sdk
+ </literallayout>
+ or alternatively by adding 'tools-profile' to the
+ EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES line in your local.conf:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES = "debug-tweaks tools-profile"
+ </literallayout>
+ If you use the 'tools-profile' method, you don't need to build an
+ sdk image - the tracing and profiling tools will be included in
+ non-sdk images as well e.g.:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake core-image-sato
+ </literallayout>
+ <note><para>
+ By default, the Yocto build system strips symbols from the
+ binaries it packages, which makes it difficult to use some
+ of the tools.
+ </para><para>You can prevent that by putting the following
+ in your local.conf when you build the image:
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHIBIT_PACKAGE_STRIP = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ The above setting will noticeably increase the size of your image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you've already built a stripped image, you can generate
+ debug packages (xxx-dbg) which you can manually install as
+ needed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To generate debug info for packages, you can add dbg-pkgs to
+ EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES in local.conf. For example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES = "debug-tweaks tools-profile dbg-pkgs"
+ </literallayout>
+ Additionally, in order to generate the right type of
+ debuginfo, we also need to add the following to local.conf:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT_STYLE = 'debug-file-directory'
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-style.css b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3cca85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+/*
+ Generic XHTML / DocBook XHTML CSS Stylesheet.
+
+ Browser wrangling and typographic design by
+ Oyvind Kolas / pippin@gimp.org
+
+ Customised for Poky by
+ Matthew Allum / mallum@o-hand.com
+
+ Thanks to:
+ Liam R. E. Quin
+ William Skaggs
+ Jakub Steiner
+
+ Structure
+ ---------
+
+ The stylesheet is divided into the following sections:
+
+ Positioning
+ Margins, paddings, width, font-size, clearing.
+ Decorations
+ Borders, style
+ Colors
+ Colors
+ Graphics
+ Graphical backgrounds
+ Nasty IE tweaks
+ Workarounds needed to make it work in internet explorer,
+ currently makes the stylesheet non validating, but up until
+ this point it is validating.
+ Mozilla extensions
+ Transparency for footer
+ Rounded corners on boxes
+
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+ font-size: 80%;
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+ border: none;
+ width: 100%;
+}
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+
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+ padding: 0.8em 0.0em 0.0em 0.0em;
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+}
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+ padding-right: 1em;
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+ font-size: medium;
+ font-family: Courier, monospace;
+}
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+
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+ left: 0em;
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+ background-color: #cdf;
+ width: 100%;
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+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
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+ /************* /
+ / decorations /
+/ *************/
+
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+}
+
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+}
+
+.subtitle {
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+}
+
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+}
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+}
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+ / colors /
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+
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+h6,
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+
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+{
+ background-image: url("figures/white-on-black.png");
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+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+}
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+div.chapter .titlepage .title,
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+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
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+ overflow:hidden;
+ width: 0px;
+ display: none;
+}
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+
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+ color: #777;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding: 0;
+ margin: 0;
+ text-align: left;
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+ top: 0px;
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+div.heading a {
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+ width: 100%;
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+
+ background: url('/gfx/footing_bg.png') transparent;
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+*/
+
+
+
+ /****************** /
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+/ ******************/
+
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+}
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+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+ margin-left:expression("-5em");
+}
+body {
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+}
+*/
+
+ /**************************************** /
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+/ ****************************************/
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+ -moz-opacity: 0.8em;
+}
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+div.table,
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+ padding: 3px;
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+ padding: 20px;
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+ font-size: 2em;
+ font-weight: bold;
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+ color: #333;
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+ color: #00557D;
+}
diff --git a/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-usage.xml b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-usage.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95ad739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual-usage.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,3695 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='profile-manual-usage'>
+
+<title>Basic Usage (with examples) for each of the Yocto Tracing Tools</title>
+
+<para>
+ This chapter presents basic usage examples for each of the tracing
+ tools.
+</para>
+
+<section id='profile-manual-perf'>
+ <title>perf</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The 'perf' tool is the profiling and tracing tool that comes
+ bundled with the Linux kernel.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Don't let the fact that it's part of the kernel fool you into thinking
+ that it's only for tracing and profiling the kernel - you can indeed
+ use it to trace and profile just the kernel, but you can also use it
+ to profile specific applications separately (with or without kernel
+ context), and you can also use it to trace and profile the kernel
+ and all applications on the system simultaneously to gain a system-wide
+ view of what's going on.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In many ways, perf aims to be a superset of all the tracing and profiling
+ tools available in Linux today, including all the other tools covered
+ in this HOWTO. The past couple of years have seen perf subsume a lot
+ of the functionality of those other tools and, at the same time, those
+ other tools have removed large portions of their previous functionality
+ and replaced it with calls to the equivalent functionality now
+ implemented by the perf subsystem. Extrapolation suggests that at
+ some point those other tools will simply become completely redundant
+ and go away; until then, we'll cover those other tools in these pages
+ and in many cases show how the same things can be accomplished in
+ perf and the other tools when it seems useful to do so.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The coverage below details some of the most common ways you'll likely
+ want to apply the tool; full documentation can be found either within
+ the tool itself or in the man pages at
+ <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/1/perf'>perf(1)</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='perf-setup'>
+ <title>Setup</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For this section, we'll assume you've already performed the basic
+ setup outlined in the General Setup section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In particular, you'll get the most mileage out of perf if you
+ profile an image built with INHIBIT_PACKAGE_STRIP = "1" in your
+ local.conf.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ perf runs on the target system for the most part. You can archive
+ profile data and copy it to the host for analysis, but for the
+ rest of this document we assume you've ssh'ed to the host and
+ will be running the perf commands on the target.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='perf-basic-usage'>
+ <title>Basic Usage</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The perf tool is pretty much self-documenting. To remind yourself
+ of the available commands, simply type 'perf', which will show you
+ basic usage along with the available perf subcommands:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf
+
+ usage: perf [--version] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
+
+ The most commonly used perf commands are:
+ annotate Read perf.data (created by perf record) and display annotated code
+ archive Create archive with object files with build-ids found in perf.data file
+ bench General framework for benchmark suites
+ buildid-cache Manage build-id cache.
+ buildid-list List the buildids in a perf.data file
+ diff Read two perf.data files and display the differential profile
+ evlist List the event names in a perf.data file
+ inject Filter to augment the events stream with additional information
+ kmem Tool to trace/measure kernel memory(slab) properties
+ kvm Tool to trace/measure kvm guest os
+ list List all symbolic event types
+ lock Analyze lock events
+ probe Define new dynamic tracepoints
+ record Run a command and record its profile into perf.data
+ report Read perf.data (created by perf record) and display the profile
+ sched Tool to trace/measure scheduler properties (latencies)
+ script Read perf.data (created by perf record) and display trace output
+ stat Run a command and gather performance counter statistics
+ test Runs sanity tests.
+ timechart Tool to visualize total system behavior during a workload
+ top System profiling tool.
+
+ See 'perf help COMMAND' for more information on a specific command.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='using-perf-to-do-basic-profiling'>
+ <title>Using perf to do Basic Profiling</title>
+
+ <para>
+ As a simple test case, we'll profile the 'wget' of a fairly large
+ file, which is a minimally interesting case because it has both
+ file and network I/O aspects, and at least in the case of standard
+ Yocto images, it's implemented as part of busybox, so the methods
+ we use to analyze it can be used in a very similar way to the whole
+ host of supported busybox applets in Yocto.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# rm linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2; \
+ wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>
+ </literallayout>
+ The quickest and easiest way to get some basic overall data about
+ what's going on for a particular workload is to profile it using
+ 'perf stat'. 'perf stat' basically profiles using a few default
+ counters and displays the summed counts at the end of the run:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf stat wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>
+ Connecting to downloads.yoctoproject.org (140.211.169.59:80)
+ linux-2.6.19.2.tar.b 100% |***************************************************| 41727k 0:00:00 ETA
+
+ Performance counter stats for 'wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>':
+
+ 4597.223902 task-clock # 0.077 CPUs utilized
+ 23568 context-switches # 0.005 M/sec
+ 68 CPU-migrations # 0.015 K/sec
+ 241 page-faults # 0.052 K/sec
+ 3045817293 cycles # 0.663 GHz
+ <not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend
+ <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
+ 858909167 instructions # 0.28 insns per cycle
+ 165441165 branches # 35.987 M/sec
+ 19550329 branch-misses # 11.82% of all branches
+
+ 59.836627620 seconds time elapsed
+ </literallayout>
+ Many times such a simple-minded test doesn't yield much of
+ interest, but sometimes it does (see Real-world Yocto bug
+ (slow loop-mounted write speed)).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Also, note that 'perf stat' isn't restricted to a fixed set of
+ counters - basically any event listed in the output of 'perf list'
+ can be tallied by 'perf stat'. For example, suppose we wanted to
+ see a summary of all the events related to kernel memory
+ allocation/freeing along with cache hits and misses:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf stat -e kmem:* -e cache-references -e cache-misses wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>
+ Connecting to downloads.yoctoproject.org (140.211.169.59:80)
+ linux-2.6.19.2.tar.b 100% |***************************************************| 41727k 0:00:00 ETA
+
+ Performance counter stats for 'wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>':
+
+ 5566 kmem:kmalloc
+ 125517 kmem:kmem_cache_alloc
+ 0 kmem:kmalloc_node
+ 0 kmem:kmem_cache_alloc_node
+ 34401 kmem:kfree
+ 69920 kmem:kmem_cache_free
+ 133 kmem:mm_page_free
+ 41 kmem:mm_page_free_batched
+ 11502 kmem:mm_page_alloc
+ 11375 kmem:mm_page_alloc_zone_locked
+ 0 kmem:mm_page_pcpu_drain
+ 0 kmem:mm_page_alloc_extfrag
+ 66848602 cache-references
+ 2917740 cache-misses # 4.365 % of all cache refs
+
+ 44.831023415 seconds time elapsed
+ </literallayout>
+ So 'perf stat' gives us a nice easy way to get a quick overview of
+ what might be happening for a set of events, but normally we'd
+ need a little more detail in order to understand what's going on
+ in a way that we can act on in a useful way.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To dive down into a next level of detail, we can use 'perf
+ record'/'perf report' which will collect profiling data and
+ present it to use using an interactive text-based UI (or
+ simply as text if we specify --stdio to 'perf report').
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As our first attempt at profiling this workload, we'll simply
+ run 'perf record', handing it the workload we want to profile
+ (everything after 'perf record' and any perf options we hand
+ it - here none - will be executed in a new shell). perf collects
+ samples until the process exits and records them in a file named
+ 'perf.data' in the current working directory.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf record wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>
+
+ Connecting to downloads.yoctoproject.org (140.211.169.59:80)
+ linux-2.6.19.2.tar.b 100% |************************************************| 41727k 0:00:00 ETA
+ [ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
+ [ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.176 MB perf.data (~7700 samples) ]
+ </literallayout>
+ To see the results in a 'text-based UI' (tui), simply run
+ 'perf report', which will read the perf.data file in the current
+ working directory and display the results in an interactive UI:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf report
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-wget-flat-stripped.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The above screenshot displays a 'flat' profile, one entry for
+ each 'bucket' corresponding to the functions that were profiled
+ during the profiling run, ordered from the most popular to the
+ least (perf has options to sort in various orders and keys as
+ well as display entries only above a certain threshold and so
+ on - see the perf documentation for details). Note that this
+ includes both userspace functions (entries containing a [.]) and
+ kernel functions accounted to the process (entries containing
+ a [k]). (perf has command-line modifiers that can be used to
+ restrict the profiling to kernel or userspace, among others).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Notice also that the above report shows an entry for 'busybox',
+ which is the executable that implements 'wget' in Yocto, but that
+ instead of a useful function name in that entry, it displays
+ a not-so-friendly hex value instead. The steps below will show
+ how to fix that problem.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before we do that, however, let's try running a different profile,
+ one which shows something a little more interesting. The only
+ difference between the new profile and the previous one is that
+ we'll add the -g option, which will record not just the address
+ of a sampled function, but the entire callchain to the sampled
+ function as well:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf record -g wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>
+ Connecting to downloads.yoctoproject.org (140.211.169.59:80)
+ linux-2.6.19.2.tar.b 100% |************************************************| 41727k 0:00:00 ETA
+ [ perf record: Woken up 3 times to write data ]
+ [ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.652 MB perf.data (~28476 samples) ]
+
+
+ root@crownbay:~# perf report
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-wget-g-copy-to-user-expanded-stripped.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Using the callgraph view, we can actually see not only which
+ functions took the most time, but we can also see a summary of
+ how those functions were called and learn something about how the
+ program interacts with the kernel in the process.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Notice that each entry in the above screenshot now contains a '+'
+ on the left-hand side. This means that we can expand the entry and
+ drill down into the callchains that feed into that entry.
+ Pressing 'enter' on any one of them will expand the callchain
+ (you can also press 'E' to expand them all at the same time or 'C'
+ to collapse them all).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the screenshot above, we've toggled the __copy_to_user_ll()
+ entry and several subnodes all the way down. This lets us see
+ which callchains contributed to the profiled __copy_to_user_ll()
+ function which contributed 1.77% to the total profile.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As a bit of background explanation for these callchains, think
+ about what happens at a high level when you run wget to get a file
+ out on the network. Basically what happens is that the data comes
+ into the kernel via the network connection (socket) and is passed
+ to the userspace program 'wget' (which is actually a part of
+ busybox, but that's not important for now), which takes the buffers
+ the kernel passes to it and writes it to a disk file to save it.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The part of this process that we're looking at in the above call
+ stacks is the part where the kernel passes the data it's read from
+ the socket down to wget i.e. a copy-to-user.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Notice also that here there's also a case where the hex value
+ is displayed in the callstack, here in the expanded
+ sys_clock_gettime() function. Later we'll see it resolve to a
+ userspace function call in busybox.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-wget-g-copy-from-user-expanded-stripped.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The above screenshot shows the other half of the journey for the
+ data - from the wget program's userspace buffers to disk. To get
+ the buffers to disk, the wget program issues a write(2), which
+ does a copy-from-user to the kernel, which then takes care via
+ some circuitous path (probably also present somewhere in the
+ profile data), to get it safely to disk.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Now that we've seen the basic layout of the profile data and the
+ basics of how to extract useful information out of it, let's get
+ back to the task at hand and see if we can get some basic idea
+ about where the time is spent in the program we're profiling,
+ wget. Remember that wget is actually implemented as an applet
+ in busybox, so while the process name is 'wget', the executable
+ we're actually interested in is busybox. So let's expand the
+ first entry containing busybox:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-wget-busybox-expanded-stripped.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Again, before we expanded we saw that the function was labeled
+ with a hex value instead of a symbol as with most of the kernel
+ entries. Expanding the busybox entry doesn't make it any better.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The problem is that perf can't find the symbol information for the
+ busybox binary, which is actually stripped out by the Yocto build
+ system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ One way around that is to put the following in your local.conf
+ when you build the image:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHIBIT_PACKAGE_STRIP = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ However, we already have an image with the binaries stripped,
+ so what can we do to get perf to resolve the symbols? Basically
+ we need to install the debuginfo for the busybox package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To generate the debug info for the packages in the image, we can
+ add dbg-pkgs to EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES in local.conf. For example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES = "debug-tweaks tools-profile dbg-pkgs"
+ </literallayout>
+ Additionally, in order to generate the type of debuginfo that
+ perf understands, we also need to add the following to local.conf:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT_STYLE = 'debug-file-directory'
+ </literallayout>
+ Once we've done that, we can install the debuginfo for busybox.
+ The debug packages once built can be found in
+ build/tmp/deploy/rpm/* on the host system. Find the
+ busybox-dbg-...rpm file and copy it to the target. For example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ [trz@empanada core2]$ scp /home/trz/yocto/crownbay-tracing-dbg/build/tmp/deploy/rpm/core2_32/busybox-dbg-1.20.2-r2.core2_32.rpm root@192.168.1.31:
+ root@192.168.1.31's password:
+ busybox-dbg-1.20.2-r2.core2_32.rpm 100% 1826KB 1.8MB/s 00:01
+ </literallayout>
+ Now install the debug rpm on the target:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# rpm -i busybox-dbg-1.20.2-r2.core2_32.rpm
+ </literallayout>
+ Now that the debuginfo is installed, we see that the busybox
+ entries now display their functions symbolically:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-wget-busybox-debuginfo.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If we expand one of the entries and press 'enter' on a leaf node,
+ we're presented with a menu of actions we can take to get more
+ information related to that entry:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-wget-busybox-dso-zoom-menu.png" width="6in" depth="2in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ One of these actions allows us to show a view that displays a
+ busybox-centric view of the profiled functions (in this case we've
+ also expanded all the nodes using the 'E' key):
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-wget-busybox-dso-zoom.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, we can see that now that the busybox debuginfo is
+ installed, the previously unresolved symbol in the
+ sys_clock_gettime() entry mentioned previously is now resolved,
+ and shows that the sys_clock_gettime system call that was the
+ source of 6.75% of the copy-to-user overhead was initiated by
+ the handle_input() busybox function:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-wget-g-copy-to-user-expanded-debuginfo.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ At the lowest level of detail, we can dive down to the assembly
+ level and see which instructions caused the most overhead in a
+ function. Pressing 'enter' on the 'udhcpc_main' function, we're
+ again presented with a menu:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-wget-busybox-annotate-menu.png" width="6in" depth="2in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Selecting 'Annotate udhcpc_main', we get a detailed listing of
+ percentages by instruction for the udhcpc_main function. From the
+ display, we can see that over 50% of the time spent in this
+ function is taken up by a couple tests and the move of a
+ constant (1) to a register:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-wget-busybox-annotate-udhcpc.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As a segue into tracing, let's try another profile using a
+ different counter, something other than the default 'cycles'.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The tracing and profiling infrastructure in Linux has become
+ unified in a way that allows us to use the same tool with a
+ completely different set of counters, not just the standard
+ hardware counters that traditional tools have had to restrict
+ themselves to (of course the traditional tools can also make use
+ of the expanded possibilities now available to them, and in some
+ cases have, as mentioned previously).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We can get a list of the available events that can be used to
+ profile a workload via 'perf list':
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf list
+
+ List of pre-defined events (to be used in -e):
+ cpu-cycles OR cycles [Hardware event]
+ stalled-cycles-frontend OR idle-cycles-frontend [Hardware event]
+ stalled-cycles-backend OR idle-cycles-backend [Hardware event]
+ instructions [Hardware event]
+ cache-references [Hardware event]
+ cache-misses [Hardware event]
+ branch-instructions OR branches [Hardware event]
+ branch-misses [Hardware event]
+ bus-cycles [Hardware event]
+ ref-cycles [Hardware event]
+
+ cpu-clock [Software event]
+ task-clock [Software event]
+ page-faults OR faults [Software event]
+ minor-faults [Software event]
+ major-faults [Software event]
+ context-switches OR cs [Software event]
+ cpu-migrations OR migrations [Software event]
+ alignment-faults [Software event]
+ emulation-faults [Software event]
+
+ L1-dcache-loads [Hardware cache event]
+ L1-dcache-load-misses [Hardware cache event]
+ L1-dcache-prefetch-misses [Hardware cache event]
+ L1-icache-loads [Hardware cache event]
+ L1-icache-load-misses [Hardware cache event]
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ rNNN [Raw hardware event descriptor]
+ cpu/t1=v1[,t2=v2,t3 ...]/modifier [Raw hardware event descriptor]
+ (see 'perf list --help' on how to encode it)
+
+ mem:<addr>[:access] [Hardware breakpoint]
+
+ sunrpc:rpc_call_status [Tracepoint event]
+ sunrpc:rpc_bind_status [Tracepoint event]
+ sunrpc:rpc_connect_status [Tracepoint event]
+ sunrpc:rpc_task_begin [Tracepoint event]
+ skb:kfree_skb [Tracepoint event]
+ skb:consume_skb [Tracepoint event]
+ skb:skb_copy_datagram_iovec [Tracepoint event]
+ net:net_dev_xmit [Tracepoint event]
+ net:net_dev_queue [Tracepoint event]
+ net:netif_receive_skb [Tracepoint event]
+ net:netif_rx [Tracepoint event]
+ napi:napi_poll [Tracepoint event]
+ sock:sock_rcvqueue_full [Tracepoint event]
+ sock:sock_exceed_buf_limit [Tracepoint event]
+ udp:udp_fail_queue_rcv_skb [Tracepoint event]
+ hda:hda_send_cmd [Tracepoint event]
+ hda:hda_get_response [Tracepoint event]
+ hda:hda_bus_reset [Tracepoint event]
+ scsi:scsi_dispatch_cmd_start [Tracepoint event]
+ scsi:scsi_dispatch_cmd_error [Tracepoint event]
+ scsi:scsi_eh_wakeup [Tracepoint event]
+ drm:drm_vblank_event [Tracepoint event]
+ drm:drm_vblank_event_queued [Tracepoint event]
+ drm:drm_vblank_event_delivered [Tracepoint event]
+ random:mix_pool_bytes [Tracepoint event]
+ random:mix_pool_bytes_nolock [Tracepoint event]
+ random:credit_entropy_bits [Tracepoint event]
+ gpio:gpio_direction [Tracepoint event]
+ gpio:gpio_value [Tracepoint event]
+ block:block_rq_abort [Tracepoint event]
+ block:block_rq_requeue [Tracepoint event]
+ block:block_rq_issue [Tracepoint event]
+ block:block_bio_bounce [Tracepoint event]
+ block:block_bio_complete [Tracepoint event]
+ block:block_bio_backmerge [Tracepoint event]
+ .
+ .
+ writeback:writeback_wake_thread [Tracepoint event]
+ writeback:writeback_wake_forker_thread [Tracepoint event]
+ writeback:writeback_bdi_register [Tracepoint event]
+ .
+ .
+ writeback:writeback_single_inode_requeue [Tracepoint event]
+ writeback:writeback_single_inode [Tracepoint event]
+ kmem:kmalloc [Tracepoint event]
+ kmem:kmem_cache_alloc [Tracepoint event]
+ kmem:mm_page_alloc [Tracepoint event]
+ kmem:mm_page_alloc_zone_locked [Tracepoint event]
+ kmem:mm_page_pcpu_drain [Tracepoint event]
+ kmem:mm_page_alloc_extfrag [Tracepoint event]
+ vmscan:mm_vmscan_kswapd_sleep [Tracepoint event]
+ vmscan:mm_vmscan_kswapd_wake [Tracepoint event]
+ vmscan:mm_vmscan_wakeup_kswapd [Tracepoint event]
+ vmscan:mm_vmscan_direct_reclaim_begin [Tracepoint event]
+ .
+ .
+ module:module_get [Tracepoint event]
+ module:module_put [Tracepoint event]
+ module:module_request [Tracepoint event]
+ sched:sched_kthread_stop [Tracepoint event]
+ sched:sched_wakeup [Tracepoint event]
+ sched:sched_wakeup_new [Tracepoint event]
+ sched:sched_process_fork [Tracepoint event]
+ sched:sched_process_exec [Tracepoint event]
+ sched:sched_stat_runtime [Tracepoint event]
+ rcu:rcu_utilization [Tracepoint event]
+ workqueue:workqueue_queue_work [Tracepoint event]
+ workqueue:workqueue_execute_end [Tracepoint event]
+ signal:signal_generate [Tracepoint event]
+ signal:signal_deliver [Tracepoint event]
+ timer:timer_init [Tracepoint event]
+ timer:timer_start [Tracepoint event]
+ timer:hrtimer_cancel [Tracepoint event]
+ timer:itimer_state [Tracepoint event]
+ timer:itimer_expire [Tracepoint event]
+ irq:irq_handler_entry [Tracepoint event]
+ irq:irq_handler_exit [Tracepoint event]
+ irq:softirq_entry [Tracepoint event]
+ irq:softirq_exit [Tracepoint event]
+ irq:softirq_raise [Tracepoint event]
+ printk:console [Tracepoint event]
+ task:task_newtask [Tracepoint event]
+ task:task_rename [Tracepoint event]
+ syscalls:sys_enter_socketcall [Tracepoint event]
+ syscalls:sys_exit_socketcall [Tracepoint event]
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ syscalls:sys_enter_unshare [Tracepoint event]
+ syscalls:sys_exit_unshare [Tracepoint event]
+ raw_syscalls:sys_enter [Tracepoint event]
+ raw_syscalls:sys_exit [Tracepoint event]
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <informalexample>
+ <emphasis>Tying it Together:</emphasis> These are exactly the same set of events defined
+ by the trace event subsystem and exposed by
+ ftrace/tracecmd/kernelshark as files in
+ /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events, by SystemTap as
+ kernel.trace("tracepoint_name") and (partially) accessed by LTTng.
+ </informalexample>
+
+ <para>
+ Only a subset of these would be of interest to us when looking at
+ this workload, so let's choose the most likely subsystems
+ (identified by the string before the colon in the Tracepoint events)
+ and do a 'perf stat' run using only those wildcarded subsystems:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf stat -e skb:* -e net:* -e napi:* -e sched:* -e workqueue:* -e irq:* -e syscalls:* wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>
+ Performance counter stats for 'wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>':
+
+ 23323 skb:kfree_skb
+ 0 skb:consume_skb
+ 49897 skb:skb_copy_datagram_iovec
+ 6217 net:net_dev_xmit
+ 6217 net:net_dev_queue
+ 7962 net:netif_receive_skb
+ 2 net:netif_rx
+ 8340 napi:napi_poll
+ 0 sched:sched_kthread_stop
+ 0 sched:sched_kthread_stop_ret
+ 3749 sched:sched_wakeup
+ 0 sched:sched_wakeup_new
+ 0 sched:sched_switch
+ 29 sched:sched_migrate_task
+ 0 sched:sched_process_free
+ 1 sched:sched_process_exit
+ 0 sched:sched_wait_task
+ 0 sched:sched_process_wait
+ 0 sched:sched_process_fork
+ 1 sched:sched_process_exec
+ 0 sched:sched_stat_wait
+ 2106519415641 sched:sched_stat_sleep
+ 0 sched:sched_stat_iowait
+ 147453613 sched:sched_stat_blocked
+ 12903026955 sched:sched_stat_runtime
+ 0 sched:sched_pi_setprio
+ 3574 workqueue:workqueue_queue_work
+ 3574 workqueue:workqueue_activate_work
+ 0 workqueue:workqueue_execute_start
+ 0 workqueue:workqueue_execute_end
+ 16631 irq:irq_handler_entry
+ 16631 irq:irq_handler_exit
+ 28521 irq:softirq_entry
+ 28521 irq:softirq_exit
+ 28728 irq:softirq_raise
+ 1 syscalls:sys_enter_sendmmsg
+ 1 syscalls:sys_exit_sendmmsg
+ 0 syscalls:sys_enter_recvmmsg
+ 0 syscalls:sys_exit_recvmmsg
+ 14 syscalls:sys_enter_socketcall
+ 14 syscalls:sys_exit_socketcall
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ 16965 syscalls:sys_enter_read
+ 16965 syscalls:sys_exit_read
+ 12854 syscalls:sys_enter_write
+ 12854 syscalls:sys_exit_write
+ .
+ .
+ .
+
+ 58.029710972 seconds time elapsed
+ </literallayout>
+ Let's pick one of these tracepoints and tell perf to do a profile
+ using it as the sampling event:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf record -g -e sched:sched_wakeup wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/sched-wakeup-profile.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The screenshot above shows the results of running a profile using
+ sched:sched_switch tracepoint, which shows the relative costs of
+ various paths to sched_wakeup (note that sched_wakeup is the
+ name of the tracepoint - it's actually defined just inside
+ ttwu_do_wakeup(), which accounts for the function name actually
+ displayed in the profile:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ /*
+ * Mark the task runnable and perform wakeup-preemption.
+ */
+ static void
+ ttwu_do_wakeup(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int wake_flags)
+ {
+ trace_sched_wakeup(p, true);
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ A couple of the more interesting callchains are expanded and
+ displayed above, basically some network receive paths that
+ presumably end up waking up wget (busybox) when network data is
+ ready.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Note that because tracepoints are normally used for tracing,
+ the default sampling period for tracepoints is 1 i.e. for
+ tracepoints perf will sample on every event occurrence (this
+ can be changed using the -c option). This is in contrast to
+ hardware counters such as for example the default 'cycles'
+ hardware counter used for normal profiling, where sampling
+ periods are much higher (in the thousands) because profiling should
+ have as low an overhead as possible and sampling on every cycle
+ would be prohibitively expensive.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-perf-to-do-basic-tracing'>
+ <title>Using perf to do Basic Tracing</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Profiling is a great tool for solving many problems or for
+ getting a high-level view of what's going on with a workload or
+ across the system. It is however by definition an approximation,
+ as suggested by the most prominent word associated with it,
+ 'sampling'. On the one hand, it allows a representative picture of
+ what's going on in the system to be cheaply taken, but on the other
+ hand, that cheapness limits its utility when that data suggests a
+ need to 'dive down' more deeply to discover what's really going
+ on. In such cases, the only way to see what's really going on is
+ to be able to look at (or summarize more intelligently) the
+ individual steps that go into the higher-level behavior exposed
+ by the coarse-grained profiling data.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As a concrete example, we can trace all the events we think might
+ be applicable to our workload:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf record -g -e skb:* -e net:* -e napi:* -e sched:sched_switch -e sched:sched_wakeup -e irq:*
+ -e syscalls:sys_enter_read -e syscalls:sys_exit_read -e syscalls:sys_enter_write -e syscalls:sys_exit_write
+ wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>
+ </literallayout>
+ We can look at the raw trace output using 'perf script' with no
+ arguments:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf script
+
+ perf 1262 [000] 11624.857082: sys_exit_read: 0x0
+ perf 1262 [000] 11624.857193: sched_wakeup: comm=migration/0 pid=6 prio=0 success=1 target_cpu=000
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.858021: softirq_raise: vec=1 [action=TIMER]
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.858074: softirq_entry: vec=1 [action=TIMER]
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.858081: softirq_exit: vec=1 [action=TIMER]
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.858166: sys_enter_read: fd: 0x0003, buf: 0xbf82c940, count: 0x0200
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.858177: sys_exit_read: 0x200
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.858878: kfree_skb: skbaddr=0xeb248d80 protocol=0 location=0xc15a5308
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.858945: kfree_skb: skbaddr=0xeb248000 protocol=0 location=0xc15a5308
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859020: softirq_raise: vec=1 [action=TIMER]
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859076: softirq_entry: vec=1 [action=TIMER]
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859083: softirq_exit: vec=1 [action=TIMER]
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859167: sys_enter_read: fd: 0x0003, buf: 0xb7720000, count: 0x0400
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859192: sys_exit_read: 0x1d7
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859228: sys_enter_read: fd: 0x0003, buf: 0xb7720000, count: 0x0400
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859233: sys_exit_read: 0x0
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859573: sys_enter_read: fd: 0x0003, buf: 0xbf82c580, count: 0x0200
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859584: sys_exit_read: 0x200
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859864: sys_enter_read: fd: 0x0003, buf: 0xb7720000, count: 0x0400
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859888: sys_exit_read: 0x400
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859935: sys_enter_read: fd: 0x0003, buf: 0xb7720000, count: 0x0400
+ wget 1262 [001] 11624.859944: sys_exit_read: 0x400
+ </literallayout>
+ This gives us a detailed timestamped sequence of events that
+ occurred within the workload with respect to those events.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In many ways, profiling can be viewed as a subset of tracing -
+ theoretically, if you have a set of trace events that's sufficient
+ to capture all the important aspects of a workload, you can derive
+ any of the results or views that a profiling run can.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Another aspect of traditional profiling is that while powerful in
+ many ways, it's limited by the granularity of the underlying data.
+ Profiling tools offer various ways of sorting and presenting the
+ sample data, which make it much more useful and amenable to user
+ experimentation, but in the end it can't be used in an open-ended
+ way to extract data that just isn't present as a consequence of
+ the fact that conceptually, most of it has been thrown away.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Full-blown detailed tracing data does however offer the opportunity
+ to manipulate and present the information collected during a
+ tracing run in an infinite variety of ways.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Another way to look at it is that there are only so many ways that
+ the 'primitive' counters can be used on their own to generate
+ interesting output; to get anything more complicated than simple
+ counts requires some amount of additional logic, which is typically
+ very specific to the problem at hand. For example, if we wanted to
+ make use of a 'counter' that maps to the value of the time
+ difference between when a process was scheduled to run on a
+ processor and the time it actually ran, we wouldn't expect such
+ a counter to exist on its own, but we could derive one called say
+ 'wakeup_latency' and use it to extract a useful view of that metric
+ from trace data. Likewise, we really can't figure out from standard
+ profiling tools how much data every process on the system reads and
+ writes, along with how many of those reads and writes fail
+ completely. If we have sufficient trace data, however, we could
+ with the right tools easily extract and present that information,
+ but we'd need something other than pre-canned profiling tools to
+ do that.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Luckily, there is a general-purpose way to handle such needs,
+ called 'programming languages'. Making programming languages
+ easily available to apply to such problems given the specific
+ format of data is called a 'programming language binding' for
+ that data and language. Perf supports two programming language
+ bindings, one for Python and one for Perl.
+ </para>
+
+ <informalexample>
+ <emphasis>Tying it Together:</emphasis> Language bindings for manipulating and
+ aggregating trace data are of course not a new
+ idea. One of the first projects to do this was IBM's DProbes
+ dpcc compiler, an ANSI C compiler which targeted a low-level
+ assembly language running on an in-kernel interpreter on the
+ target system. This is exactly analogous to what Sun's DTrace
+ did, except that DTrace invented its own language for the purpose.
+ Systemtap, heavily inspired by DTrace, also created its own
+ one-off language, but rather than running the product on an
+ in-kernel interpreter, created an elaborate compiler-based
+ machinery to translate its language into kernel modules written
+ in C.
+ </informalexample>
+
+ <para>
+ Now that we have the trace data in perf.data, we can use
+ 'perf script -g' to generate a skeleton script with handlers
+ for the read/write entry/exit events we recorded:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf script -g python
+ generated Python script: perf-script.py
+ </literallayout>
+ The skeleton script simply creates a python function for each
+ event type in the perf.data file. The body of each function simply
+ prints the event name along with its parameters. For example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ def net__netif_rx(event_name, context, common_cpu,
+ common_secs, common_nsecs, common_pid, common_comm,
+ skbaddr, len, name):
+ print_header(event_name, common_cpu, common_secs, common_nsecs,
+ common_pid, common_comm)
+
+ print "skbaddr=%u, len=%u, name=%s\n" % (skbaddr, len, name),
+ </literallayout>
+ We can run that script directly to print all of the events
+ contained in the perf.data file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf script -s perf-script.py
+
+ in trace_begin
+ syscalls__sys_exit_read 0 11624.857082795 1262 perf nr=3, ret=0
+ sched__sched_wakeup 0 11624.857193498 1262 perf comm=migration/0, pid=6, prio=0, success=1, target_cpu=0
+ irq__softirq_raise 1 11624.858021635 1262 wget vec=TIMER
+ irq__softirq_entry 1 11624.858074075 1262 wget vec=TIMER
+ irq__softirq_exit 1 11624.858081389 1262 wget vec=TIMER
+ syscalls__sys_enter_read 1 11624.858166434 1262 wget nr=3, fd=3, buf=3213019456, count=512
+ syscalls__sys_exit_read 1 11624.858177924 1262 wget nr=3, ret=512
+ skb__kfree_skb 1 11624.858878188 1262 wget skbaddr=3945041280, location=3243922184, protocol=0
+ skb__kfree_skb 1 11624.858945608 1262 wget skbaddr=3945037824, location=3243922184, protocol=0
+ irq__softirq_raise 1 11624.859020942 1262 wget vec=TIMER
+ irq__softirq_entry 1 11624.859076935 1262 wget vec=TIMER
+ irq__softirq_exit 1 11624.859083469 1262 wget vec=TIMER
+ syscalls__sys_enter_read 1 11624.859167565 1262 wget nr=3, fd=3, buf=3077701632, count=1024
+ syscalls__sys_exit_read 1 11624.859192533 1262 wget nr=3, ret=471
+ syscalls__sys_enter_read 1 11624.859228072 1262 wget nr=3, fd=3, buf=3077701632, count=1024
+ syscalls__sys_exit_read 1 11624.859233707 1262 wget nr=3, ret=0
+ syscalls__sys_enter_read 1 11624.859573008 1262 wget nr=3, fd=3, buf=3213018496, count=512
+ syscalls__sys_exit_read 1 11624.859584818 1262 wget nr=3, ret=512
+ syscalls__sys_enter_read 1 11624.859864562 1262 wget nr=3, fd=3, buf=3077701632, count=1024
+ syscalls__sys_exit_read 1 11624.859888770 1262 wget nr=3, ret=1024
+ syscalls__sys_enter_read 1 11624.859935140 1262 wget nr=3, fd=3, buf=3077701632, count=1024
+ syscalls__sys_exit_read 1 11624.859944032 1262 wget nr=3, ret=1024
+ </literallayout>
+ That in itself isn't very useful; after all, we can accomplish
+ pretty much the same thing by simply running 'perf script'
+ without arguments in the same directory as the perf.data file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We can however replace the print statements in the generated
+ function bodies with whatever we want, and thereby make it
+ infinitely more useful.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As a simple example, let's just replace the print statements in
+ the function bodies with a simple function that does nothing but
+ increment a per-event count. When the program is run against a
+ perf.data file, each time a particular event is encountered,
+ a tally is incremented for that event. For example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ def net__netif_rx(event_name, context, common_cpu,
+ common_secs, common_nsecs, common_pid, common_comm,
+ skbaddr, len, name):
+ inc_counts(event_name)
+ </literallayout>
+ Each event handler function in the generated code is modified
+ to do this. For convenience, we define a common function called
+ inc_counts() that each handler calls; inc_counts() simply tallies
+ a count for each event using the 'counts' hash, which is a
+ specialized hash function that does Perl-like autovivification, a
+ capability that's extremely useful for kinds of multi-level
+ aggregation commonly used in processing traces (see perf's
+ documentation on the Python language binding for details):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ counts = autodict()
+
+ def inc_counts(event_name):
+ try:
+ counts[event_name] += 1
+ except TypeError:
+ counts[event_name] = 1
+ </literallayout>
+ Finally, at the end of the trace processing run, we want to
+ print the result of all the per-event tallies. For that, we
+ use the special 'trace_end()' function:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ def trace_end():
+ for event_name, count in counts.iteritems():
+ print "%-40s %10s\n" % (event_name, count)
+ </literallayout>
+ The end result is a summary of all the events recorded in the
+ trace:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ skb__skb_copy_datagram_iovec 13148
+ irq__softirq_entry 4796
+ irq__irq_handler_exit 3805
+ irq__softirq_exit 4795
+ syscalls__sys_enter_write 8990
+ net__net_dev_xmit 652
+ skb__kfree_skb 4047
+ sched__sched_wakeup 1155
+ irq__irq_handler_entry 3804
+ irq__softirq_raise 4799
+ net__net_dev_queue 652
+ syscalls__sys_enter_read 17599
+ net__netif_receive_skb 1743
+ syscalls__sys_exit_read 17598
+ net__netif_rx 2
+ napi__napi_poll 1877
+ syscalls__sys_exit_write 8990
+ </literallayout>
+ Note that this is pretty much exactly the same information we get
+ from 'perf stat', which goes a little way to support the idea
+ mentioned previously that given the right kind of trace data,
+ higher-level profiling-type summaries can be derived from it.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Documentation on using the
+ <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/1/perf-script-python'>'perf script' python binding</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='system-wide-tracing-and-profiling'>
+ <title>System-Wide Tracing and Profiling</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The examples so far have focused on tracing a particular program or
+ workload - in other words, every profiling run has specified the
+ program to profile in the command-line e.g. 'perf record wget ...'.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It's also possible, and more interesting in many cases, to run a
+ system-wide profile or trace while running the workload in a
+ separate shell.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To do system-wide profiling or tracing, you typically use
+ the -a flag to 'perf record'.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To demonstrate this, open up one window and start the profile
+ using the -a flag (press Ctrl-C to stop tracing):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf record -g -a
+ ^C[ perf record: Woken up 6 times to write data ]
+ [ perf record: Captured and wrote 1.400 MB perf.data (~61172 samples) ]
+ </literallayout>
+ In another window, run the wget test:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>
+ Connecting to downloads.yoctoproject.org (140.211.169.59:80)
+ linux-2.6.19.2.tar.b 100% |*******************************| 41727k 0:00:00 ETA
+ </literallayout>
+ Here we see entries not only for our wget load, but for other
+ processes running on the system as well:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-systemwide.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the snapshot above, we can see callchains that originate in
+ libc, and a callchain from Xorg that demonstrates that we're
+ using a proprietary X driver in userspace (notice the presence
+ of 'PVR' and some other unresolvable symbols in the expanded
+ Xorg callchain).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Note also that we have both kernel and userspace entries in the
+ above snapshot. We can also tell perf to focus on userspace but
+ providing a modifier, in this case 'u', to the 'cycles' hardware
+ counter when we record a profile:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf record -g -a -e cycles:u
+ ^C[ perf record: Woken up 2 times to write data ]
+ [ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.376 MB perf.data (~16443 samples) ]
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-report-cycles-u.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Notice in the screenshot above, we see only userspace entries ([.])
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, we can press 'enter' on a leaf node and select the 'Zoom
+ into DSO' menu item to show only entries associated with a
+ specific DSO. In the screenshot below, we've zoomed into the
+ 'libc' DSO which shows all the entries associated with the
+ libc-xxx.so DSO.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-systemwide-libc.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We can also use the system-wide -a switch to do system-wide
+ tracing. Here we'll trace a couple of scheduler events:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf record -a -e sched:sched_switch -e sched:sched_wakeup
+ ^C[ perf record: Woken up 38 times to write data ]
+ [ perf record: Captured and wrote 9.780 MB perf.data (~427299 samples) ]
+ </literallayout>
+ We can look at the raw output using 'perf script' with no
+ arguments:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf script
+
+ perf 1383 [001] 6171.460045: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/1:1 pid=21 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=001
+ perf 1383 [001] 6171.460066: sched_switch: prev_comm=perf prev_pid=1383 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R+ ==> next_comm=kworker/1:1 next_pid=21 next_prio=120
+ kworker/1:1 21 [001] 6171.460093: sched_switch: prev_comm=kworker/1:1 prev_pid=21 prev_prio=120 prev_state=S ==> next_comm=perf next_pid=1383 next_prio=120
+ swapper 0 [000] 6171.468063: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/0:3 pid=1209 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=000
+ swapper 0 [000] 6171.468107: sched_switch: prev_comm=swapper/0 prev_pid=0 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=kworker/0:3 next_pid=1209 next_prio=120
+ kworker/0:3 1209 [000] 6171.468143: sched_switch: prev_comm=kworker/0:3 prev_pid=1209 prev_prio=120 prev_state=S ==> next_comm=swapper/0 next_pid=0 next_prio=120
+ perf 1383 [001] 6171.470039: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/1:1 pid=21 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=001
+ perf 1383 [001] 6171.470058: sched_switch: prev_comm=perf prev_pid=1383 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R+ ==> next_comm=kworker/1:1 next_pid=21 next_prio=120
+ kworker/1:1 21 [001] 6171.470082: sched_switch: prev_comm=kworker/1:1 prev_pid=21 prev_prio=120 prev_state=S ==> next_comm=perf next_pid=1383 next_prio=120
+ perf 1383 [001] 6171.480035: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/1:1 pid=21 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=001
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='perf-filtering'>
+ <title>Filtering</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Notice that there are a lot of events that don't really have
+ anything to do with what we're interested in, namely events
+ that schedule 'perf' itself in and out or that wake perf up.
+ We can get rid of those by using the '--filter' option -
+ for each event we specify using -e, we can add a --filter
+ after that to filter out trace events that contain fields
+ with specific values:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf record -a -e sched:sched_switch --filter 'next_comm != perf && prev_comm != perf' -e sched:sched_wakeup --filter 'comm != perf'
+ ^C[ perf record: Woken up 38 times to write data ]
+ [ perf record: Captured and wrote 9.688 MB perf.data (~423279 samples) ]
+
+
+ root@crownbay:~# perf script
+
+ swapper 0 [000] 7932.162180: sched_switch: prev_comm=swapper/0 prev_pid=0 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=kworker/0:3 next_pid=1209 next_prio=120
+ kworker/0:3 1209 [000] 7932.162236: sched_switch: prev_comm=kworker/0:3 prev_pid=1209 prev_prio=120 prev_state=S ==> next_comm=swapper/0 next_pid=0 next_prio=120
+ perf 1407 [001] 7932.170048: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/1:1 pid=21 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=001
+ perf 1407 [001] 7932.180044: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/1:1 pid=21 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=001
+ perf 1407 [001] 7932.190038: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/1:1 pid=21 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=001
+ perf 1407 [001] 7932.200044: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/1:1 pid=21 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=001
+ perf 1407 [001] 7932.210044: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/1:1 pid=21 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=001
+ perf 1407 [001] 7932.220044: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/1:1 pid=21 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=001
+ swapper 0 [001] 7932.230111: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/1:1 pid=21 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=001
+ swapper 0 [001] 7932.230146: sched_switch: prev_comm=swapper/1 prev_pid=0 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=kworker/1:1 next_pid=21 next_prio=120
+ kworker/1:1 21 [001] 7932.230205: sched_switch: prev_comm=kworker/1:1 prev_pid=21 prev_prio=120 prev_state=S ==> next_comm=swapper/1 next_pid=0 next_prio=120
+ swapper 0 [000] 7932.326109: sched_wakeup: comm=kworker/0:3 pid=1209 prio=120 success=1 target_cpu=000
+ swapper 0 [000] 7932.326171: sched_switch: prev_comm=swapper/0 prev_pid=0 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=kworker/0:3 next_pid=1209 next_prio=120
+ kworker/0:3 1209 [000] 7932.326214: sched_switch: prev_comm=kworker/0:3 prev_pid=1209 prev_prio=120 prev_state=S ==> next_comm=swapper/0 next_pid=0 next_prio=120
+ </literallayout>
+ In this case, we've filtered out all events that have 'perf'
+ in their 'comm' or 'comm_prev' or 'comm_next' fields. Notice
+ that there are still events recorded for perf, but notice
+ that those events don't have values of 'perf' for the filtered
+ fields. To completely filter out anything from perf will
+ require a bit more work, but for the purpose of demonstrating
+ how to use filters, it's close enough.
+ </para>
+
+ <informalexample>
+ <emphasis>Tying it Together:</emphasis> These are exactly the same set of event
+ filters defined by the trace event subsystem. See the
+ ftrace/tracecmd/kernelshark section for more discussion about
+ these event filters.
+ </informalexample>
+
+ <informalexample>
+ <emphasis>Tying it Together:</emphasis> These event filters are implemented by a
+ special-purpose pseudo-interpreter in the kernel and are an
+ integral and indispensable part of the perf design as it
+ relates to tracing. kernel-based event filters provide a
+ mechanism to precisely throttle the event stream that appears
+ in user space, where it makes sense to provide bindings to real
+ programming languages for postprocessing the event stream.
+ This architecture allows for the intelligent and flexible
+ partitioning of processing between the kernel and user space.
+ Contrast this with other tools such as SystemTap, which does
+ all of its processing in the kernel and as such requires a
+ special project-defined language in order to accommodate that
+ design, or LTTng, where everything is sent to userspace and
+ as such requires a super-efficient kernel-to-userspace
+ transport mechanism in order to function properly. While
+ perf certainly can benefit from for instance advances in
+ the design of the transport, it doesn't fundamentally depend
+ on them. Basically, if you find that your perf tracing
+ application is causing buffer I/O overruns, it probably
+ means that you aren't taking enough advantage of the
+ kernel filtering engine.
+ </informalexample>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-dynamic-tracepoints'>
+ <title>Using Dynamic Tracepoints</title>
+
+ <para>
+ perf isn't restricted to the fixed set of static tracepoints
+ listed by 'perf list'. Users can also add their own 'dynamic'
+ tracepoints anywhere in the kernel. For instance, suppose we
+ want to define our own tracepoint on do_fork(). We can do that
+ using the 'perf probe' perf subcommand:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf probe do_fork
+ Added new event:
+ probe:do_fork (on do_fork)
+
+ You can now use it in all perf tools, such as:
+
+ perf record -e probe:do_fork -aR sleep 1
+ </literallayout>
+ Adding a new tracepoint via 'perf probe' results in an event
+ with all the expected files and format in
+ /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events, just the same as for static
+ tracepoints (as discussed in more detail in the trace events
+ subsystem section:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/probe/do_fork# ls -al
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 28 11:42 .
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Oct 28 11:42 ..
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 28 11:42 enable
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 28 11:42 filter
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 28 11:42 format
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 28 11:42 id
+
+ root@crownbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/probe/do_fork# cat format
+ name: do_fork
+ ID: 944
+ format:
+ field:unsigned short common_type; offset:0; size:2; signed:0;
+ field:unsigned char common_flags; offset:2; size:1; signed:0;
+ field:unsigned char common_preempt_count; offset:3; size:1; signed:0;
+ field:int common_pid; offset:4; size:4; signed:1;
+ field:int common_padding; offset:8; size:4; signed:1;
+
+ field:unsigned long __probe_ip; offset:12; size:4; signed:0;
+
+ print fmt: "(%lx)", REC->__probe_ip
+ </literallayout>
+ We can list all dynamic tracepoints currently in existence:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf probe -l
+ probe:do_fork (on do_fork)
+ probe:schedule (on schedule)
+ </literallayout>
+ Let's record system-wide ('sleep 30' is a trick for recording
+ system-wide but basically do nothing and then wake up after
+ 30 seconds):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf record -g -a -e probe:do_fork sleep 30
+ [ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
+ [ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.087 MB perf.data (~3812 samples) ]
+ </literallayout>
+ Using 'perf script' we can see each do_fork event that fired:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# perf script
+
+ # ========
+ # captured on: Sun Oct 28 11:55:18 2012
+ # hostname : crownbay
+ # os release : 3.4.11-yocto-standard
+ # perf version : 3.4.11
+ # arch : i686
+ # nrcpus online : 2
+ # nrcpus avail : 2
+ # cpudesc : Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU E660 @ 1.30GHz
+ # cpuid : GenuineIntel,6,38,1
+ # total memory : 1017184 kB
+ # cmdline : /usr/bin/perf record -g -a -e probe:do_fork sleep 30
+ # event : name = probe:do_fork, type = 2, config = 0x3b0, config1 = 0x0, config2 = 0x0, excl_usr = 0, excl_kern
+ = 0, id = { 5, 6 }
+ # HEADER_CPU_TOPOLOGY info available, use -I to display
+ # ========
+ #
+ matchbox-deskto 1197 [001] 34211.378318: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ matchbox-deskto 1295 [001] 34211.380388: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ pcmanfm 1296 [000] 34211.632350: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ pcmanfm 1296 [000] 34211.639917: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ matchbox-deskto 1197 [001] 34217.541603: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ matchbox-deskto 1299 [001] 34217.543584: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ gthumb 1300 [001] 34217.697451: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ gthumb 1300 [001] 34219.085734: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ gthumb 1300 [000] 34219.121351: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ gthumb 1300 [001] 34219.264551: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ pcmanfm 1296 [000] 34219.590380: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ matchbox-deskto 1197 [001] 34224.955965: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ matchbox-deskto 1306 [001] 34224.957972: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ matchbox-termin 1307 [000] 34225.038214: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ matchbox-termin 1307 [001] 34225.044218: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ matchbox-termin 1307 [000] 34225.046442: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ matchbox-deskto 1197 [001] 34237.112138: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ matchbox-deskto 1311 [001] 34237.114106: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ gaku 1312 [000] 34237.202388: do_fork: (c1028460)
+ </literallayout>
+ And using 'perf report' on the same file, we can see the
+ callgraphs from starting a few programs during those 30 seconds:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/perf-probe-do_fork-profile.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <informalexample>
+ <emphasis>Tying it Together:</emphasis> The trace events subsystem accommodate static
+ and dynamic tracepoints in exactly the same way - there's no
+ difference as far as the infrastructure is concerned. See the
+ ftrace section for more details on the trace event subsystem.
+ </informalexample>
+
+ <informalexample>
+ <emphasis>Tying it Together:</emphasis> Dynamic tracepoints are implemented under the
+ covers by kprobes and uprobes. kprobes and uprobes are also used
+ by and in fact are the main focus of SystemTap.
+ </informalexample>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='perf-documentation'>
+ <title>Documentation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Online versions of the man pages for the commands discussed in this
+ section can be found here:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/1/perf-stat'>'perf stat' manpage</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/1/perf-record'>'perf record' manpage</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/1/perf-report'>'perf report' manpage</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/1/perf-probe'>'perf probe' manpage</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/1/perf-script'>'perf script' manpage</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Documentation on using the
+ <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/1/perf-script-python'>'perf script' python binding</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The top-level
+ <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/1/perf'>perf(1) manpage</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Normally, you should be able to invoke the man pages via perf
+ itself e.g. 'perf help' or 'perf help record'.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ However, by default Yocto doesn't install man pages, but perf
+ invokes the man pages for most help functionality. This is a bug
+ and is being addressed by a Yocto bug:
+ <ulink url='https://bugzilla.yoctoproject.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3388'>Bug 3388 - perf: enable man pages for basic 'help' functionality</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The man pages in text form, along with some other files, such as
+ a set of examples, can be found in the 'perf' directory of the
+ kernel tree:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ tools/perf/Documentation
+ </literallayout>
+ There's also a nice perf tutorial on the perf wiki that goes
+ into more detail than we do here in certain areas:
+ <ulink url='https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Tutorial'>Perf Tutorial</ulink>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='profile-manual-ftrace'>
+ <title>ftrace</title>
+
+ <para>
+ 'ftrace' literally refers to the 'ftrace function tracer' but in
+ reality this encompasses a number of related tracers along with
+ the infrastructure that they all make use of.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='ftrace-setup'>
+ <title>Setup</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For this section, we'll assume you've already performed the basic
+ setup outlined in the General Setup section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ ftrace, trace-cmd, and kernelshark run on the target system,
+ and are ready to go out-of-the-box - no additional setup is
+ necessary. For the rest of this section we assume you've ssh'ed
+ to the host and will be running ftrace on the target. kernelshark
+ is a GUI application and if you use the '-X' option to ssh you
+ can have the kernelshark GUI run on the target but display
+ remotely on the host if you want.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='basic-ftrace-usage'>
+ <title>Basic ftrace usage</title>
+
+ <para>
+ 'ftrace' essentially refers to everything included in
+ the /tracing directory of the mounted debugfs filesystem
+ (Yocto follows the standard convention and mounts it
+ at /sys/kernel/debug). Here's a listing of all the files
+ found in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing on a Yocto system:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# ls
+ README kprobe_events trace
+ available_events kprobe_profile trace_clock
+ available_filter_functions options trace_marker
+ available_tracers per_cpu trace_options
+ buffer_size_kb printk_formats trace_pipe
+ buffer_total_size_kb saved_cmdlines tracing_cpumask
+ current_tracer set_event tracing_enabled
+ dyn_ftrace_total_info set_ftrace_filter tracing_on
+ enabled_functions set_ftrace_notrace tracing_thresh
+ events set_ftrace_pid
+ free_buffer set_graph_function
+ </literallayout>
+ The files listed above are used for various purposes -
+ some relate directly to the tracers themselves, others are
+ used to set tracing options, and yet others actually contain
+ the tracing output when a tracer is in effect. Some of the
+ functions can be guessed from their names, others need
+ explanation; in any case, we'll cover some of the files we
+ see here below but for an explanation of the others, please
+ see the ftrace documentation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We'll start by looking at some of the available built-in
+ tracers.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ cat'ing the 'available_tracers' file lists the set of
+ available tracers:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# cat available_tracers
+ blk function_graph function nop
+ </literallayout>
+ The 'current_tracer' file contains the tracer currently in
+ effect:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# cat current_tracer
+ nop
+ </literallayout>
+ The above listing of current_tracer shows that
+ the 'nop' tracer is in effect, which is just another
+ way of saying that there's actually no tracer
+ currently in effect.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ echo'ing one of the available_tracers into current_tracer
+ makes the specified tracer the current tracer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# echo function > current_tracer
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# cat current_tracer
+ function
+ </literallayout>
+ The above sets the current tracer to be the
+ 'function tracer'. This tracer traces every function
+ call in the kernel and makes it available as the
+ contents of the 'trace' file. Reading the 'trace' file
+ lists the currently buffered function calls that have been
+ traced by the function tracer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# cat trace | less
+
+ # tracer: function
+ #
+ # entries-in-buffer/entries-written: 310629/766471 #P:8
+ #
+ # _-----=> irqs-off
+ # / _----=> need-resched
+ # | / _---=> hardirq/softirq
+ # || / _--=> preempt-depth
+ # ||| / delay
+ # TASK-PID CPU# |||| TIMESTAMP FUNCTION
+ # | | | |||| | |
+ <idle>-0 [004] d..1 470.867169: ktime_get_real <-intel_idle
+ <idle>-0 [004] d..1 470.867170: getnstimeofday <-ktime_get_real
+ <idle>-0 [004] d..1 470.867171: ns_to_timeval <-intel_idle
+ <idle>-0 [004] d..1 470.867171: ns_to_timespec <-ns_to_timeval
+ <idle>-0 [004] d..1 470.867172: smp_apic_timer_interrupt <-apic_timer_interrupt
+ <idle>-0 [004] d..1 470.867172: native_apic_mem_write <-smp_apic_timer_interrupt
+ <idle>-0 [004] d..1 470.867172: irq_enter <-smp_apic_timer_interrupt
+ <idle>-0 [004] d..1 470.867172: rcu_irq_enter <-irq_enter
+ <idle>-0 [004] d..1 470.867173: rcu_idle_exit_common.isra.33 <-rcu_irq_enter
+ <idle>-0 [004] d..1 470.867173: local_bh_disable <-irq_enter
+ <idle>-0 [004] d..1 470.867173: add_preempt_count <-local_bh_disable
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s1 470.867174: tick_check_idle <-irq_enter
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s1 470.867174: tick_check_oneshot_broadcast <-tick_check_idle
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s1 470.867174: ktime_get <-tick_check_idle
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s1 470.867174: tick_nohz_stop_idle <-tick_check_idle
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s1 470.867175: update_ts_time_stats <-tick_nohz_stop_idle
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s1 470.867175: nr_iowait_cpu <-update_ts_time_stats
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s1 470.867175: tick_do_update_jiffies64 <-tick_check_idle
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s1 470.867175: _raw_spin_lock <-tick_do_update_jiffies64
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s1 470.867176: add_preempt_count <-_raw_spin_lock
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s2 470.867176: do_timer <-tick_do_update_jiffies64
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s2 470.867176: _raw_spin_lock <-do_timer
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s2 470.867176: add_preempt_count <-_raw_spin_lock
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s3 470.867177: ntp_tick_length <-do_timer
+ <idle>-0 [004] d.s3 470.867177: _raw_spin_lock_irqsave <-ntp_tick_length
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ </literallayout>
+ Each line in the trace above shows what was happening in
+ the kernel on a given cpu, to the level of detail of
+ function calls. Each entry shows the function called,
+ followed by its caller (after the arrow).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The function tracer gives you an extremely detailed idea
+ of what the kernel was doing at the point in time the trace
+ was taken, and is a great way to learn about how the kernel
+ code works in a dynamic sense.
+ </para>
+
+ <informalexample>
+ <emphasis>Tying it Together:</emphasis> The ftrace function tracer is also
+ available from within perf, as the ftrace:function tracepoint.
+ </informalexample>
+
+ <para>
+ It is a little more difficult to follow the call chains than
+ it needs to be - luckily there's a variant of the function
+ tracer that displays the callchains explicitly, called the
+ 'function_graph' tracer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# echo function_graph > current_tracer
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# cat trace | less
+
+ tracer: function_graph
+
+ CPU DURATION FUNCTION CALLS
+ | | | | | | |
+ 7) 0.046 us | pick_next_task_fair();
+ 7) 0.043 us | pick_next_task_stop();
+ 7) 0.042 us | pick_next_task_rt();
+ 7) 0.032 us | pick_next_task_fair();
+ 7) 0.030 us | pick_next_task_idle();
+ 7) | _raw_spin_unlock_irq() {
+ 7) 0.033 us | sub_preempt_count();
+ 7) 0.258 us | }
+ 7) 0.032 us | sub_preempt_count();
+ 7) + 13.341 us | } /* __schedule */
+ 7) 0.095 us | } /* sub_preempt_count */
+ 7) | schedule() {
+ 7) | __schedule() {
+ 7) 0.060 us | add_preempt_count();
+ 7) 0.044 us | rcu_note_context_switch();
+ 7) | _raw_spin_lock_irq() {
+ 7) 0.033 us | add_preempt_count();
+ 7) 0.247 us | }
+ 7) | idle_balance() {
+ 7) | _raw_spin_unlock() {
+ 7) 0.031 us | sub_preempt_count();
+ 7) 0.246 us | }
+ 7) | update_shares() {
+ 7) 0.030 us | __rcu_read_lock();
+ 7) 0.029 us | __rcu_read_unlock();
+ 7) 0.484 us | }
+ 7) 0.030 us | __rcu_read_lock();
+ 7) | load_balance() {
+ 7) | find_busiest_group() {
+ 7) 0.031 us | idle_cpu();
+ 7) 0.029 us | idle_cpu();
+ 7) 0.035 us | idle_cpu();
+ 7) 0.906 us | }
+ 7) 1.141 us | }
+ 7) 0.022 us | msecs_to_jiffies();
+ 7) | load_balance() {
+ 7) | find_busiest_group() {
+ 7) 0.031 us | idle_cpu();
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ 4) 0.062 us | msecs_to_jiffies();
+ 4) 0.062 us | __rcu_read_unlock();
+ 4) | _raw_spin_lock() {
+ 4) 0.073 us | add_preempt_count();
+ 4) 0.562 us | }
+ 4) + 17.452 us | }
+ 4) 0.108 us | put_prev_task_fair();
+ 4) 0.102 us | pick_next_task_fair();
+ 4) 0.084 us | pick_next_task_stop();
+ 4) 0.075 us | pick_next_task_rt();
+ 4) 0.062 us | pick_next_task_fair();
+ 4) 0.066 us | pick_next_task_idle();
+ ------------------------------------------
+ 4) kworker-74 => <idle>-0
+ ------------------------------------------
+
+ 4) | finish_task_switch() {
+ 4) | _raw_spin_unlock_irq() {
+ 4) 0.100 us | sub_preempt_count();
+ 4) 0.582 us | }
+ 4) 1.105 us | }
+ 4) 0.088 us | sub_preempt_count();
+ 4) ! 100.066 us | }
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ 3) | sys_ioctl() {
+ 3) 0.083 us | fget_light();
+ 3) | security_file_ioctl() {
+ 3) 0.066 us | cap_file_ioctl();
+ 3) 0.562 us | }
+ 3) | do_vfs_ioctl() {
+ 3) | drm_ioctl() {
+ 3) 0.075 us | drm_ut_debug_printk();
+ 3) | i915_gem_pwrite_ioctl() {
+ 3) | i915_mutex_lock_interruptible() {
+ 3) 0.070 us | mutex_lock_interruptible();
+ 3) 0.570 us | }
+ 3) | drm_gem_object_lookup() {
+ 3) | _raw_spin_lock() {
+ 3) 0.080 us | add_preempt_count();
+ 3) 0.620 us | }
+ 3) | _raw_spin_unlock() {
+ 3) 0.085 us | sub_preempt_count();
+ 3) 0.562 us | }
+ 3) 2.149 us | }
+ 3) 0.133 us | i915_gem_object_pin();
+ 3) | i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain() {
+ 3) 0.065 us | i915_gem_object_flush_gpu_write_domain();
+ 3) 0.065 us | i915_gem_object_wait_rendering();
+ 3) 0.062 us | i915_gem_object_flush_cpu_write_domain();
+ 3) 1.612 us | }
+ 3) | i915_gem_object_put_fence() {
+ 3) 0.097 us | i915_gem_object_flush_fence.constprop.36();
+ 3) 0.645 us | }
+ 3) 0.070 us | add_preempt_count();
+ 3) 0.070 us | sub_preempt_count();
+ 3) 0.073 us | i915_gem_object_unpin();
+ 3) 0.068 us | mutex_unlock();
+ 3) 9.924 us | }
+ 3) + 11.236 us | }
+ 3) + 11.770 us | }
+ 3) + 13.784 us | }
+ 3) | sys_ioctl() {
+ </literallayout>
+ As you can see, the function_graph display is much easier to
+ follow. Also note that in addition to the function calls and
+ associated braces, other events such as scheduler events
+ are displayed in context. In fact, you can freely include
+ any tracepoint available in the trace events subsystem described
+ in the next section by simply enabling those events, and they'll
+ appear in context in the function graph display. Quite a
+ powerful tool for understanding kernel dynamics.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Also notice that there are various annotations on the left
+ hand side of the display. For example if the total time it
+ took for a given function to execute is above a certain
+ threshold, an exclamation point or plus sign appears on the
+ left hand side. Please see the ftrace documentation for
+ details on all these fields.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='the-trace-events-subsystem'>
+ <title>The 'trace events' Subsystem</title>
+
+ <para>
+ One especially important directory contained within
+ the /sys/kernel/debug/tracing directory is the 'events'
+ subdirectory, which contains representations of every
+ tracepoint in the system. Listing out the contents of
+ the 'events' subdirectory, we see mainly another set of
+ subdirectories:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# cd events
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events# ls -al
+ drwxr-xr-x 38 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 .
+ drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 ..
+ drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 block
+ drwxr-xr-x 32 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 btrfs
+ drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 drm
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 enable
+ drwxr-xr-x 40 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 ext3
+ drwxr-xr-x 79 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 ext4
+ drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 ftrace
+ drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 hda
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 header_event
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 header_page
+ drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 i915
+ drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 irq
+ drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 jbd
+ drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 jbd2
+ drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 kmem
+ drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 module
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 napi
+ drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 net
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 oom
+ drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 power
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 printk
+ drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 random
+ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 raw_syscalls
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 rcu
+ drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 rpm
+ drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 sched
+ drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 scsi
+ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 signal
+ drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 skb
+ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 sock
+ drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 sunrpc
+ drwxr-xr-x 538 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 syscalls
+ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 task
+ drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 timer
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 udp
+ drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 vmscan
+ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 vsyscall
+ drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 workqueue
+ drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 writeback
+ </literallayout>
+ Each one of these subdirectories corresponds to a
+ 'subsystem' and contains yet again more subdirectories,
+ each one of those finally corresponding to a tracepoint.
+ For example, here are the contents of the 'kmem' subsystem:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events# cd kmem
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kmem# ls -al
+ drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 .
+ drwxr-xr-x 38 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 ..
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 enable
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 filter
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 kfree
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 kmalloc
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 kmalloc_node
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 kmem_cache_alloc
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 kmem_cache_alloc_node
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 kmem_cache_free
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 mm_page_alloc
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 mm_page_alloc_extfrag
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 mm_page_alloc_zone_locked
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 mm_page_free
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 mm_page_free_batched
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 mm_page_pcpu_drain
+ </literallayout>
+ Let's see what's inside the subdirectory for a specific
+ tracepoint, in this case the one for kmalloc:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kmem# cd kmalloc
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kmem/kmalloc# ls -al
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 .
+ drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 ..
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 enable
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 filter
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 format
+ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 14 23:19 id
+ </literallayout>
+ The 'format' file for the tracepoint describes the event
+ in memory, which is used by the various tracing tools
+ that now make use of these tracepoint to parse the event
+ and make sense of it, along with a 'print fmt' field that
+ allows tools like ftrace to display the event as text.
+ Here's what the format of the kmalloc event looks like:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kmem/kmalloc# cat format
+ name: kmalloc
+ ID: 313
+ format:
+ field:unsigned short common_type; offset:0; size:2; signed:0;
+ field:unsigned char common_flags; offset:2; size:1; signed:0;
+ field:unsigned char common_preempt_count; offset:3; size:1; signed:0;
+ field:int common_pid; offset:4; size:4; signed:1;
+ field:int common_padding; offset:8; size:4; signed:1;
+
+ field:unsigned long call_site; offset:16; size:8; signed:0;
+ field:const void * ptr; offset:24; size:8; signed:0;
+ field:size_t bytes_req; offset:32; size:8; signed:0;
+ field:size_t bytes_alloc; offset:40; size:8; signed:0;
+ field:gfp_t gfp_flags; offset:48; size:4; signed:0;
+
+ print fmt: "call_site=%lx ptr=%p bytes_req=%zu bytes_alloc=%zu gfp_flags=%s", REC->call_site, REC->ptr, REC->bytes_req, REC->bytes_alloc,
+ (REC->gfp_flags) ? __print_flags(REC->gfp_flags, "|", {(unsigned long)(((( gfp_t)0x10u) | (( gfp_t)0x40u) | (( gfp_t)0x80u) | ((
+ gfp_t)0x20000u) | (( gfp_t)0x02u) | (( gfp_t)0x08u)) | (( gfp_t)0x4000u) | (( gfp_t)0x10000u) | (( gfp_t)0x1000u) | (( gfp_t)0x200u) | ((
+ gfp_t)0x400000u)), "GFP_TRANSHUGE"}, {(unsigned long)((( gfp_t)0x10u) | (( gfp_t)0x40u) | (( gfp_t)0x80u) | (( gfp_t)0x20000u) | ((
+ gfp_t)0x02u) | (( gfp_t)0x08u)), "GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE"}, {(unsigned long)((( gfp_t)0x10u) | (( gfp_t)0x40u) | (( gfp_t)0x80u) | ((
+ gfp_t)0x20000u) | (( gfp_t)0x02u)), "GFP_HIGHUSER"}, {(unsigned long)((( gfp_t)0x10u) | (( gfp_t)0x40u) | (( gfp_t)0x80u) | ((
+ gfp_t)0x20000u)), "GFP_USER"}, {(unsigned long)((( gfp_t)0x10u) | (( gfp_t)0x40u) | (( gfp_t)0x80u) | (( gfp_t)0x80000u)), GFP_TEMPORARY"},
+ {(unsigned long)((( gfp_t)0x10u) | (( gfp_t)0x40u) | (( gfp_t)0x80u)), "GFP_KERNEL"}, {(unsigned long)((( gfp_t)0x10u) | (( gfp_t)0x40u)),
+ "GFP_NOFS"}, {(unsigned long)((( gfp_t)0x20u)), "GFP_ATOMIC"}, {(unsigned long)((( gfp_t)0x10u)), "GFP_NOIO"}, {(unsigned long)((
+ gfp_t)0x20u), "GFP_HIGH"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x10u), "GFP_WAIT"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x40u), "GFP_IO"}, {(unsigned long)((
+ gfp_t)0x100u), "GFP_COLD"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x200u), "GFP_NOWARN"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x400u), "GFP_REPEAT"}, {(unsigned
+ long)(( gfp_t)0x800u), "GFP_NOFAIL"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x1000u), "GFP_NORETRY"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x4000u), "GFP_COMP"},
+ {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x8000u), "GFP_ZERO"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x10000u), "GFP_NOMEMALLOC"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x20000u),
+ "GFP_HARDWALL"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x40000u), "GFP_THISNODE"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x80000u), "GFP_RECLAIMABLE"}, {(unsigned
+ long)(( gfp_t)0x08u), "GFP_MOVABLE"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0), "GFP_NOTRACK"}, {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x400000u), "GFP_NO_KSWAPD"},
+ {(unsigned long)(( gfp_t)0x800000u), "GFP_OTHER_NODE"} ) : "GFP_NOWAIT"
+ </literallayout>
+ The 'enable' file in the tracepoint directory is what allows
+ the user (or tools such as trace-cmd) to actually turn the
+ tracepoint on and off. When enabled, the corresponding
+ tracepoint will start appearing in the ftrace 'trace'
+ file described previously. For example, this turns on the
+ kmalloc tracepoint:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kmem/kmalloc# echo 1 > enable
+ </literallayout>
+ At the moment, we're not interested in the function tracer or
+ some other tracer that might be in effect, so we first turn
+ it off, but if we do that, we still need to turn tracing on in
+ order to see the events in the output buffer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# echo nop > current_tracer
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# echo 1 > tracing_on
+ </literallayout>
+ Now, if we look at the the 'trace' file, we see nothing
+ but the kmalloc events we just turned on:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# cat trace | less
+ # tracer: nop
+ #
+ # entries-in-buffer/entries-written: 1897/1897 #P:8
+ #
+ # _-----=> irqs-off
+ # / _----=> need-resched
+ # | / _---=> hardirq/softirq
+ # || / _--=> preempt-depth
+ # ||| / delay
+ # TASK-PID CPU# |||| TIMESTAMP FUNCTION
+ # | | | |||| | |
+ dropbear-1465 [000] ...1 18154.620753: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff816650d4 ptr=ffff8800729c3000 bytes_req=2048 bytes_alloc=2048 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18154.621640: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d555800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18154.621656: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d555800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ matchbox-termin-1361 [001] ...1 18154.755472: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81614050 ptr=ffff88006d5f0e00 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_REPEAT
+ Xorg-1264 [002] ...1 18154.755581: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff8141abe8 ptr=ffff8800734f4cc0 bytes_req=168 bytes_alloc=192 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_NOWARN|GFP_NORETRY
+ Xorg-1264 [002] ...1 18154.755583: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff814192a3 ptr=ffff88001f822520 bytes_req=24 bytes_alloc=32 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_ZERO
+ Xorg-1264 [002] ...1 18154.755589: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81419edb ptr=ffff8800721a2f00 bytes_req=64 bytes_alloc=64 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_ZERO
+ matchbox-termin-1361 [001] ...1 18155.354594: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81614050 ptr=ffff88006db35400 bytes_req=576 bytes_alloc=1024 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_REPEAT
+ Xorg-1264 [002] ...1 18155.354703: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff8141abe8 ptr=ffff8800734f4cc0 bytes_req=168 bytes_alloc=192 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_NOWARN|GFP_NORETRY
+ Xorg-1264 [002] ...1 18155.354705: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff814192a3 ptr=ffff88001f822520 bytes_req=24 bytes_alloc=32 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_ZERO
+ Xorg-1264 [002] ...1 18155.354711: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81419edb ptr=ffff8800721a2f00 bytes_req=64 bytes_alloc=64 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_ZERO
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18155.673319: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d555800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ dropbear-1465 [000] ...1 18155.673525: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff816650d4 ptr=ffff8800729c3000 bytes_req=2048 bytes_alloc=2048 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18155.674821: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d554800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18155.793014: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d554800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ dropbear-1465 [000] ...1 18155.793219: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff816650d4 ptr=ffff8800729c3000 bytes_req=2048 bytes_alloc=2048 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18155.794147: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d555800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18155.936705: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d555800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ dropbear-1465 [000] ...1 18155.936910: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff816650d4 ptr=ffff8800729c3000 bytes_req=2048 bytes_alloc=2048 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18155.937869: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d554800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ matchbox-termin-1361 [001] ...1 18155.953667: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81614050 ptr=ffff88006d5f2000 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_REPEAT
+ Xorg-1264 [002] ...1 18155.953775: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff8141abe8 ptr=ffff8800734f4cc0 bytes_req=168 bytes_alloc=192 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_NOWARN|GFP_NORETRY
+ Xorg-1264 [002] ...1 18155.953777: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff814192a3 ptr=ffff88001f822520 bytes_req=24 bytes_alloc=32 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_ZERO
+ Xorg-1264 [002] ...1 18155.953783: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81419edb ptr=ffff8800721a2f00 bytes_req=64 bytes_alloc=64 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_ZERO
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18156.176053: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d554800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ dropbear-1465 [000] ...1 18156.176257: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff816650d4 ptr=ffff8800729c3000 bytes_req=2048 bytes_alloc=2048 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18156.177717: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d555800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18156.399229: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d555800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ dropbear-1465 [000] ...1 18156.399434: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff816650d4 ptr=ffff8800729c3000 bytes_http://rostedt.homelinux.com/kernelshark/req=2048 bytes_alloc=2048 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL
+ <idle>-0 [000] ..s3 18156.400660: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81619b36 ptr=ffff88006d554800 bytes_req=512 bytes_alloc=512 gfp_flags=GFP_ATOMIC
+ matchbox-termin-1361 [001] ...1 18156.552800: kmalloc: call_site=ffffffff81614050 ptr=ffff88006db34800 bytes_req=576 bytes_alloc=1024 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|GFP_REPEAT
+ </literallayout>
+ To again disable the kmalloc event, we need to send 0 to the
+ enable file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kmem/kmalloc# echo 0 > enable
+ </literallayout>
+ You can enable any number of events or complete subsystems
+ (by using the 'enable' file in the subsystem directory) and
+ get an arbitrarily fine-grained idea of what's going on in the
+ system by enabling as many of the appropriate tracepoints
+ as applicable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A number of the tools described in this HOWTO do just that,
+ including trace-cmd and kernelshark in the next section.
+ </para>
+
+ <informalexample>
+ <emphasis>Tying it Together:</emphasis> These tracepoints and their representation
+ are used not only by ftrace, but by many of the other tools
+ covered in this document and they form a central point of
+ integration for the various tracers available in Linux.
+ They form a central part of the instrumentation for the
+ following tools: perf, lttng, ftrace, blktrace and SystemTap
+ </informalexample>
+
+ <informalexample>
+ <emphasis>Tying it Together:</emphasis> Eventually all the special-purpose tracers
+ currently available in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing will be
+ removed and replaced with equivalent tracers based on the
+ 'trace events' subsystem.
+ </informalexample>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='trace-cmd-kernelshark'>
+ <title>trace-cmd/kernelshark</title>
+
+ <para>
+ trace-cmd is essentially an extensive command-line 'wrapper'
+ interface that hides the details of all the individual files
+ in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing, allowing users to specify
+ specific particular events within the
+ /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/ subdirectory and to collect
+ traces and avoid having to deal with those details directly.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As yet another layer on top of that, kernelshark provides a GUI
+ that allows users to start and stop traces and specify sets
+ of events using an intuitive interface, and view the
+ output as both trace events and as a per-CPU graphical
+ display. It directly uses 'trace-cmd' as the plumbing
+ that accomplishes all that underneath the covers (and
+ actually displays the trace-cmd command it uses, as we'll see).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To start a trace using kernelshark, first start kernelshark:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@sugarbay:~# kernelshark
+ </literallayout>
+ Then bring up the 'Capture' dialog by choosing from the
+ kernelshark menu:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Capture | Record
+ </literallayout>
+ That will display the following dialog, which allows you to
+ choose one or more events (or even one or more complete
+ subsystems) to trace:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/kernelshark-choose-events.png" width="6in" depth="6in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Note that these are exactly the same sets of events described
+ in the previous trace events subsystem section, and in fact
+ is where trace-cmd gets them for kernelshark.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the above screenshot, we've decided to explore the
+ graphics subsystem a bit and so have chosen to trace all
+ the tracepoints contained within the 'i915' and 'drm'
+ subsystems.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ After doing that, we can start and stop the trace using
+ the 'Run' and 'Stop' button on the lower right corner of
+ the dialog (the same button will turn into the 'Stop'
+ button after the trace has started):
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/kernelshark-output-display.png" width="6in" depth="6in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Notice that the right-hand pane shows the exact trace-cmd
+ command-line that's used to run the trace, along with the
+ results of the trace-cmd run.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once the 'Stop' button is pressed, the graphical view magically
+ fills up with a colorful per-cpu display of the trace data,
+ along with the detailed event listing below that:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/kernelshark-i915-display.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here's another example, this time a display resulting
+ from tracing 'all events':
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/kernelshark-all.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The tool is pretty self-explanatory, but for more detailed
+ information on navigating through the data, see the
+ <ulink url='http://rostedt.homelinux.com/kernelshark/'>kernelshark website</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ftrace-documentation'>
+ <title>Documentation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The documentation for ftrace can be found in the kernel
+ Documentation directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt
+ </literallayout>
+ The documentation for the trace event subsystem can also
+ be found in the kernel Documentation directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Documentation/trace/events.txt
+ </literallayout>
+ There is a nice series of articles on using
+ ftrace and trace-cmd at LWN:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='http://lwn.net/Articles/365835/'>Debugging the kernel using Ftrace - part 1</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='http://lwn.net/Articles/366796/'>Debugging the kernel using Ftrace - part 2</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='http://lwn.net/Articles/370423/'>Secrets of the Ftrace function tracer</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='https://lwn.net/Articles/410200/'>trace-cmd: A front-end for Ftrace</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ There's more detailed documentation kernelshark usage here:
+ <ulink url='http://rostedt.homelinux.com/kernelshark/'>KernelShark</ulink>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ An amusing yet useful README (a tracing mini-HOWTO) can be
+ found in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/README.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='profile-manual-systemtap'>
+ <title>systemtap</title>
+
+ <para>
+ SystemTap is a system-wide script-based tracing and profiling tool.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ SystemTap scripts are C-like programs that are executed in the
+ kernel to gather/print/aggregate data extracted from the context
+ they end up being invoked under.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, this probe from the
+ <ulink url='http://sourceware.org/systemtap/tutorial/'>SystemTap tutorial</ulink>
+ simply prints a line every time any process on the system open()s
+ a file. For each line, it prints the executable name of the
+ program that opened the file, along with its PID, and the name
+ of the file it opened (or tried to open), which it extracts
+ from the open syscall's argstr.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ probe syscall.open
+ {
+ printf ("%s(%d) open (%s)\n", execname(), pid(), argstr)
+ }
+
+ probe timer.ms(4000) # after 4 seconds
+ {
+ exit ()
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ Normally, to execute this probe, you'd simply install
+ systemtap on the system you want to probe, and directly run
+ the probe on that system e.g. assuming the name of the file
+ containing the above text is trace_open.stp:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # stap trace_open.stp
+ </literallayout>
+ What systemtap does under the covers to run this probe is 1)
+ parse and convert the probe to an equivalent 'C' form, 2)
+ compile the 'C' form into a kernel module, 3) insert the
+ module into the kernel, which arms it, and 4) collect the data
+ generated by the probe and display it to the user.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to accomplish steps 1 and 2, the 'stap' program needs
+ access to the kernel build system that produced the kernel
+ that the probed system is running. In the case of a typical
+ embedded system (the 'target'), the kernel build system
+ unfortunately isn't typically part of the image running on
+ the target. It is normally available on the 'host' system
+ that produced the target image however; in such cases,
+ steps 1 and 2 are executed on the host system, and steps
+ 3 and 4 are executed on the target system, using only the
+ systemtap 'runtime'.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The systemtap support in Yocto assumes that only steps
+ 3 and 4 are run on the target; it is possible to do
+ everything on the target, but this section assumes only
+ the typical embedded use-case.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ So basically what you need to do in order to run a systemtap
+ script on the target is to 1) on the host system, compile the
+ probe into a kernel module that makes sense to the target, 2)
+ copy the module onto the target system and 3) insert the
+ module into the target kernel, which arms it, and 4) collect
+ the data generated by the probe and display it to the user.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='systemtap-setup'>
+ <title>Setup</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Those are a lot of steps and a lot of details, but
+ fortunately Yocto includes a script called 'crosstap'
+ that will take care of those details, allowing you to
+ simply execute a systemtap script on the remote target,
+ with arguments if necessary.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to do this from a remote host, however, you
+ need to have access to the build for the image you
+ booted. The 'crosstap' script provides details on how
+ to do this if you run the script on the host without having
+ done a build:
+ <note>
+ SystemTap, which uses 'crosstap', assumes you can establish an
+ ssh connection to the remote target.
+ Please refer to the crosstap wiki page for details on verifying
+ ssh connections at
+ <ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Tracing_and_Profiling#systemtap'></ulink>.
+ Also, the ability to ssh into the target system is not enabled
+ by default in *-minimal images.
+ </note>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ crosstap root@192.168.1.88 trace_open.stp
+
+ Error: No target kernel build found.
+ Did you forget to create a local build of your image?
+
+ 'crosstap' requires a local sdk build of the target system
+ (or a build that includes 'tools-profile') in order to build
+ kernel modules that can probe the target system.
+
+ Practically speaking, that means you need to do the following:
+ - If you're running a pre-built image, download the release
+ and/or BSP tarballs used to build the image.
+ - If you're working from git sources, just clone the metadata
+ and BSP layers needed to build the image you'll be booting.
+ - Make sure you're properly set up to build a new image (see
+ the BSP README and/or the widely available basic documentation
+ that discusses how to build images).
+ - Build an -sdk version of the image e.g.:
+ $ bitbake core-image-sato-sdk
+ OR
+ - Build a non-sdk image but include the profiling tools:
+ [ edit local.conf and add 'tools-profile' to the end of
+ the EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES variable ]
+ $ bitbake core-image-sato
+
+ Once you've build the image on the host system, you're ready to
+ boot it (or the equivalent pre-built image) and use 'crosstap'
+ to probe it (you need to source the environment as usual first):
+
+ $ source oe-init-build-env
+ $ cd ~/my/systemtap/scripts
+ $ crosstap root@192.168.1.xxx myscript.stp
+ </literallayout>
+ So essentially what you need to do is build an SDK image or
+ image with 'tools-profile' as detailed in the
+ "<link linkend='profile-manual-general-setup'>General Setup</link>"
+ section of this manual, and boot the resulting target image.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ If you have a build directory containing multiple machines,
+ you need to have the MACHINE you're connecting to selected
+ in local.conf, and the kernel in that machine's build
+ directory must match the kernel on the booted system exactly,
+ or you'll get the above 'crosstap' message when you try to
+ invoke a script.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='running-a-script-on-a-target'>
+ <title>Running a Script on a Target</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you've done that, you should be able to run a systemtap
+ script on the target:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd /path/to/yocto
+ $ source oe-init-build-env
+
+ ### Shell environment set up for builds. ###
+
+ You can now run 'bitbake <replaceable>target</replaceable>'
+
+ Common targets are:
+ core-image-minimal
+ core-image-sato
+ meta-toolchain
+ adt-installer
+ meta-ide-support
+
+ You can also run generated qemu images with a command like 'runqemu qemux86'
+ </literallayout>
+ Once you've done that, you can cd to whatever directory
+ contains your scripts and use 'crosstap' to run the script:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd /path/to/my/systemap/script
+ $ crosstap root@192.168.7.2 trace_open.stp
+ </literallayout>
+ If you get an error connecting to the target e.g.:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ crosstap root@192.168.7.2 trace_open.stp
+ error establishing ssh connection on remote 'root@192.168.7.2'
+ </literallayout>
+ Try ssh'ing to the target and see what happens:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ssh root@192.168.7.2
+ </literallayout>
+ A lot of the time, connection problems are due specifying a
+ wrong IP address or having a 'host key verification error'.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If everything worked as planned, you should see something
+ like this (enter the password when prompted, or press enter
+ if it's set up to use no password):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ crosstap root@192.168.7.2 trace_open.stp
+ root@192.168.7.2's password:
+ matchbox-termin(1036) open ("/tmp/vte3FS2LW", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600)
+ matchbox-termin(1036) open ("/tmp/vteJMC7LW", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600)
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='systemtap-documentation'>
+ <title>Documentation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The SystemTap language reference can be found here:
+ <ulink url='http://sourceware.org/systemtap/langref/'>SystemTap Language Reference</ulink>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Links to other SystemTap documents, tutorials, and examples can be
+ found here:
+ <ulink url='http://sourceware.org/systemtap/documentation.html'>SystemTap documentation page</ulink>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='profile-manual-oprofile'>
+ <title>oprofile</title>
+
+ <para>
+ oprofile itself is a command-line application that runs on the
+ target system.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='oprofile-setup'>
+ <title>Setup</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For this section, we'll assume you've already performed the
+ basic setup outlined in the
+ "<link linkend='profile-manual-general-setup'>General Setup</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For the section that deals with running oprofile from the command-line,
+ we assume you've ssh'ed to the host and will be running
+ oprofile on the target.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ oprofileui (oprofile-viewer) is a GUI-based program that runs
+ on the host and interacts remotely with the target.
+ See the oprofileui section for the exact steps needed to
+ install oprofileui on the host.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='oprofile-basic-usage'>
+ <title>Basic Usage</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Oprofile as configured in Yocto is a system-wide profiler
+ (i.e. the version in Yocto doesn't yet make use of the
+ perf_events interface which would allow it to profile
+ specific processes and workloads). It relies on hardware
+ counter support in the hardware (but can fall back to a
+ timer-based mode), which means that it doesn't take
+ advantage of tracepoints or other event sources for example.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It consists of a kernel module that collects samples and a
+ userspace daemon that writes the sample data to disk.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The 'opcontrol' shell script is used for transparently
+ managing these components and starting and stopping
+ profiles, and the 'opreport' command is used to
+ display the results.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The oprofile daemon should already be running, but before
+ you start profiling, you may need to change some settings
+ and some of these settings may require the daemon to not
+ be running. One of these settings is the path to the
+ vmlinux file, which you'll want to set using the --vmlinux
+ option if you want the kernel profiled:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --vmlinux=/boot/vmlinux-`uname -r`
+ The profiling daemon is currently active, so changes to the configuration
+ will be used the next time you restart oprofile after a --shutdown or --deinit.
+ </literallayout>
+ You can check if vmlinux file: is set using opcontrol --status:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --status
+ Daemon paused: pid 1334
+ Separate options: library
+ vmlinux file: none
+ Image filter: none
+ Call-graph depth: 6
+ </literallayout>
+ If it's not, you need to shutdown the daemon, add the setting
+ and restart the daemon:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --shutdown
+ Killing daemon.
+
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --vmlinux=/boot/vmlinux-`uname -r`
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --start-daemon
+ Using default event: CPU_CLK_UNHALTED:100000:0:1:1
+ Using 2.6+ OProfile kernel interface.
+ Reading module info.
+ Using log file /var/lib/oprofile/samples/oprofiled.log
+ Daemon started.
+ </literallayout>
+ If we check the status again we now see our updated settings:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --status
+ Daemon paused: pid 1649
+ Separate options: library
+ vmlinux file: /boot/vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard
+ Image filter: none
+ Call-graph depth: 6
+ </literallayout>
+ We're now in a position to run a profile. For that we use
+ 'opcontrol --start':
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --start
+ Profiler running.
+ </literallayout>
+ In another window, run our wget workload:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# rm linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2; wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>; sync
+ Connecting to downloads.yoctoproject.org (140.211.169.59:80)
+ linux-2.6.19.2.tar.b 100% |*******************************| 41727k 0:00:00 ETA
+ </literallayout>
+ To stop the profile we use 'opcontrol --shutdown', which not
+ only stops the profile but shuts down the daemon as well:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --shutdown
+ Stopping profiling.
+ Killing daemon.
+ </literallayout>
+ Oprofile writes sample data to /var/lib/oprofile/samples,
+ which you can look at if you're interested in seeing how the
+ samples are structured. This is also interesting because
+ it's related to how you dive down to get further details
+ about specific executables in OProfile.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To see the default display output for a profile, simply type
+ 'opreport', which will show the results using the data in
+ /var/lib/oprofile/samples:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opreport
+
+ WARNING! The OProfile kernel driver reports sample buffer overflows.
+ Such overflows can result in incorrect sample attribution, invalid sample
+ files and other symptoms. See the oprofiled.log for details.
+ You should adjust your sampling frequency to eliminate (or at least minimize)
+ these overflows.
+ CPU: Intel Architectural Perfmon, speed 1.3e+06 MHz (estimated)
+ Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Clock cycles when not halted) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 100000
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 464365 79.8156 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard
+ 65108 11.1908 oprofiled
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 64416 98.9372 oprofiled
+ 692 1.0628 libc-2.16.so
+ 36959 6.3526 no-vmlinux
+ 4378 0.7525 busybox
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 2844 64.9612 libc-2.16.so
+ 1337 30.5391 busybox
+ 193 4.4084 ld-2.16.so
+ 2 0.0457 libnss_compat-2.16.so
+ 1 0.0228 libnsl-2.16.so
+ 1 0.0228 libnss_files-2.16.so
+ 4344 0.7467 bash
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 2657 61.1648 bash
+ 1665 38.3287 libc-2.16.so
+ 18 0.4144 ld-2.16.so
+ 3 0.0691 libtinfo.so.5.9
+ 1 0.0230 libdl-2.16.so
+ 3118 0.5359 nf_conntrack
+ 686 0.1179 matchbox-terminal
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 214 31.1953 libglib-2.0.so.0.3200.4
+ 114 16.6181 libc-2.16.so
+ 79 11.5160 libcairo.so.2.11200.2
+ 78 11.3703 libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0.2400.8
+ 51 7.4344 libpthread-2.16.so
+ 45 6.5598 libgobject-2.0.so.0.3200.4
+ 29 4.2274 libvte.so.9.2800.2
+ 25 3.6443 libX11.so.6.3.0
+ 19 2.7697 libxcb.so.1.1.0
+ 17 2.4781 libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0.2400.8
+ 12 1.7493 librt-2.16.so
+ 3 0.4373 libXrender.so.1.3.0
+ 671 0.1153 emgd
+ 411 0.0706 nf_conntrack_ipv4
+ 391 0.0672 iptable_nat
+ 378 0.0650 nf_nat
+ 263 0.0452 Xorg
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 106 40.3042 Xorg
+ 53 20.1521 libc-2.16.so
+ 31 11.7871 libpixman-1.so.0.27.2
+ 26 9.8859 emgd_drv.so
+ 16 6.0837 libemgdsrv_um.so.1.5.15.3226
+ 11 4.1825 libEMGD2d.so.1.5.15.3226
+ 9 3.4221 libfb.so
+ 7 2.6616 libpthread-2.16.so
+ 1 0.3802 libudev.so.0.9.3
+ 1 0.3802 libdrm.so.2.4.0
+ 1 0.3802 libextmod.so
+ 1 0.3802 mouse_drv.so
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ 9 0.0015 connmand
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 4 44.4444 libglib-2.0.so.0.3200.4
+ 2 22.2222 libpthread-2.16.so
+ 1 11.1111 connmand
+ 1 11.1111 libc-2.16.so
+ 1 11.1111 librt-2.16.so
+ 6 0.0010 oprofile-server
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 3 50.0000 libc-2.16.so
+ 1 16.6667 oprofile-server
+ 1 16.6667 libpthread-2.16.so
+ 1 16.6667 libglib-2.0.so.0.3200.4
+ 5 8.6e-04 gconfd-2
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 2 40.0000 libdbus-1.so.3.7.2
+ 2 40.0000 libglib-2.0.so.0.3200.4
+ 1 20.0000 libc-2.16.so
+ </literallayout>
+ The output above shows the breakdown or samples by both
+ number of samples and percentage for each executable.
+ Within an executable, the sample counts are broken down
+ further into executable and shared libraries (DSOs) used
+ by the executable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To get even more detailed breakdowns by function, we need to
+ have the full paths to the DSOs, which we can get by
+ using -f with opreport:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opreport -f
+
+ CPU: Intel Architectural Perfmon, speed 1.3e+06 MHz (estimated)
+ Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Clock cycles when not halted) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 100000
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+
+ 464365 79.8156 /boot/vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard
+ 65108 11.1908 /usr/bin/oprofiled
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 64416 98.9372 /usr/bin/oprofiled
+ 692 1.0628 /lib/libc-2.16.so
+ 36959 6.3526 /no-vmlinux
+ 4378 0.7525 /bin/busybox
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 2844 64.9612 /lib/libc-2.16.so
+ 1337 30.5391 /bin/busybox
+ 193 4.4084 /lib/ld-2.16.so
+ 2 0.0457 /lib/libnss_compat-2.16.so
+ 1 0.0228 /lib/libnsl-2.16.so
+ 1 0.0228 /lib/libnss_files-2.16.so
+ 4344 0.7467 /bin/bash
+ CPU_CLK_UNHALT...|
+ samples| %|
+ ------------------
+ 2657 61.1648 /bin/bash
+ 1665 38.3287 /lib/libc-2.16.so
+ 18 0.4144 /lib/ld-2.16.so
+ 3 0.0691 /lib/libtinfo.so.5.9
+ 1 0.0230 /lib/libdl-2.16.so
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ </literallayout>
+ Using the paths shown in the above output and the -l option to
+ opreport, we can see all the functions that have hits in the
+ profile and their sample counts and percentages. Here's a
+ portion of what we get for the kernel:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opreport -l /boot/vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard
+
+ CPU: Intel Architectural Perfmon, speed 1.3e+06 MHz (estimated)
+ Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Clock cycles when not halted) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 100000
+ samples % symbol name
+ 233981 50.3873 intel_idle
+ 15437 3.3243 rb_get_reader_page
+ 14503 3.1232 ring_buffer_consume
+ 14092 3.0347 mutex_spin_on_owner
+ 13024 2.8047 read_hpet
+ 8039 1.7312 sub_preempt_count
+ 7096 1.5281 ioread32
+ 6997 1.5068 add_preempt_count
+ 3985 0.8582 rb_advance_reader
+ 3488 0.7511 add_event_entry
+ 3303 0.7113 get_parent_ip
+ 3104 0.6684 rb_buffer_peek
+ 2960 0.6374 op_cpu_buffer_read_entry
+ 2614 0.5629 sync_buffer
+ 2545 0.5481 debug_smp_processor_id
+ 2456 0.5289 ohci_irq
+ 2397 0.5162 memset
+ 2349 0.5059 __copy_to_user_ll
+ 2185 0.4705 ring_buffer_event_length
+ 1918 0.4130 in_lock_functions
+ 1850 0.3984 __schedule
+ 1767 0.3805 __copy_from_user_ll_nozero
+ 1575 0.3392 rb_event_data_length
+ 1256 0.2705 memcpy
+ 1233 0.2655 system_call
+ 1213 0.2612 menu_select
+ </literallayout>
+ Notice that above we see an entry for the __copy_to_user_ll()
+ function that we've looked at with other profilers as well.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here's what we get when we do the same thing for the
+ busybox executable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ CPU: Intel Architectural Perfmon, speed 1.3e+06 MHz (estimated)
+ Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Clock cycles when not halted) with a unit mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 100000
+ samples % image name symbol name
+ 349 8.4198 busybox retrieve_file_data
+ 308 7.4306 libc-2.16.so _IO_file_xsgetn
+ 283 6.8275 libc-2.16.so __read_nocancel
+ 235 5.6695 libc-2.16.so syscall
+ 233 5.6212 libc-2.16.so clearerr
+ 215 5.1870 libc-2.16.so fread
+ 181 4.3667 libc-2.16.so __write_nocancel
+ 158 3.8118 libc-2.16.so __underflow
+ 151 3.6429 libc-2.16.so _dl_addr
+ 150 3.6188 busybox progress_meter
+ 150 3.6188 libc-2.16.so __poll_nocancel
+ 148 3.5706 libc-2.16.so _IO_file_underflow@@GLIBC_2.1
+ 137 3.3052 busybox safe_poll
+ 125 3.0157 busybox bb_progress_update
+ 122 2.9433 libc-2.16.so __x86.get_pc_thunk.bx
+ 95 2.2919 busybox full_write
+ 81 1.9542 busybox safe_write
+ 77 1.8577 busybox xwrite
+ 72 1.7370 libc-2.16.so _IO_file_read
+ 71 1.7129 libc-2.16.so _IO_sgetn
+ 67 1.6164 libc-2.16.so poll
+ 52 1.2545 libc-2.16.so _IO_switch_to_get_mode
+ 45 1.0856 libc-2.16.so read
+ 34 0.8203 libc-2.16.so write
+ 32 0.7720 busybox monotonic_sec
+ 25 0.6031 libc-2.16.so vfprintf
+ 22 0.5308 busybox get_mono
+ 14 0.3378 ld-2.16.so strcmp
+ 14 0.3378 libc-2.16.so __x86.get_pc_thunk.cx
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ </literallayout>
+ Since we recorded the profile with a callchain depth of 6, we
+ should be able to see our __copy_to_user_ll() callchains in
+ the output, and indeed we can if we search around a bit in
+ the 'opreport --callgraph' output:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opreport --callgraph /boot/vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard
+
+ 392 6.9639 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard sock_aio_read
+ 736 13.0751 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard __generic_file_aio_write
+ 3255 57.8255 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard inet_recvmsg
+ 785 0.1690 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard tcp_recvmsg
+ 1790 31.7940 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard local_bh_enable
+ 1238 21.9893 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard __kfree_skb
+ 992 17.6199 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard lock_sock_nested
+ 785 13.9432 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard tcp_recvmsg [self]
+ 525 9.3250 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard release_sock
+ 112 1.9893 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard tcp_cleanup_rbuf
+ 72 1.2789 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard skb_copy_datagram_iovec
+
+ 170 0.0366 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard skb_copy_datagram_iovec
+ 1491 73.3038 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard memcpy_toiovec
+ 327 16.0767 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard skb_copy_datagram_iovec
+ 170 8.3579 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard skb_copy_datagram_iovec [self]
+ 20 0.9833 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard copy_to_user
+
+ 2588 98.2909 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard copy_to_user
+ 2349 0.5059 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard __copy_to_user_ll
+ 2349 89.2138 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard __copy_to_user_ll [self]
+ 166 6.3046 vmlinux-3.4.11-yocto-standard do_page_fault
+ </literallayout>
+ Remember that by default OProfile sessions are cumulative
+ i.e. if you start and stop a profiling session, then start a
+ new one, the new one will not erase the previous run(s) but
+ will build on it. If you want to restart a profile from scratch,
+ you need to reset:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --reset
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='oprofileui-a-gui-for-oprofile'>
+ <title>OProfileUI - A GUI for OProfile</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Yocto also supports a graphical UI for controlling and viewing
+ OProfile traces, called OProfileUI. To use it, you first need
+ to clone the oprofileui git repo, then configure, build, and
+ install it:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ [trz@empanada tmp]$ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/oprofileui
+ [trz@empanada tmp]$ cd oprofileui
+ [trz@empanada oprofileui]$ ./autogen.sh
+ [trz@empanada oprofileui]$ sudo make install
+ </literallayout>
+ OprofileUI replaces the 'opreport' functionality with a GUI,
+ and normally doesn't require the user to use 'opcontrol' either.
+ If you want to profile the kernel, however, you need to either
+ use the UI to specify a vmlinux or use 'opcontrol' to specify
+ it on the target:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ First, on the target, check if vmlinux file: is set:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --status
+ </literallayout>
+ If not:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --shutdown
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --vmlinux=/boot/vmlinux-`uname -r`
+ root@crownbay:~# opcontrol --start-daemon
+ </literallayout>
+ Now, start the oprofile UI on the host system:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ [trz@empanada oprofileui]$ oprofile-viewer
+ </literallayout>
+ To run a profile on the remote system, first connect to the
+ remote system by pressing the 'Connect' button and supplying
+ the IP address and port of the remote system (the default
+ port is 4224).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The oprofile server should automatically be started already.
+ If not, the connection will fail and you either typed in the
+ wrong IP address and port (see below), or you need to start
+ the server yourself:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# oprofile-server
+ </literallayout>
+ Or, to specify a specific port:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# oprofile-server --port 8888
+ </literallayout>
+ Once connected, press the 'Start' button and then run the
+ wget workload on the remote system:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# rm linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2; wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>; sync
+ Connecting to downloads.yoctoproject.org (140.211.169.59:80)
+ linux-2.6.19.2.tar.b 100% |*******************************| 41727k 0:00:00 ETA
+ </literallayout>
+ Once the workload completes, press the 'Stop' button. At that
+ point the OProfile viewer will download the profile files it's
+ collected (this may take some time, especially if the kernel
+ was profiled). While it downloads the files, you should see
+ something like the following:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/oprofileui-downloading.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once the profile files have been retrieved, you should see a
+ list of the processes that were profiled:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/oprofileui-processes.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you select one of them, you should see all the symbols that
+ were hit during the profile. Selecting one of them will show a
+ list of callers and callees of the chosen function in two
+ panes below the top pane. For example, here's what we see
+ when we select __copy_to_user_ll():
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/oprofileui-copy-to-user.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As another example, we can look at the busybox process and see
+ that the progress meter made a system call:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/oprofileui-busybox.png" width="6in" depth="7in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='oprofile-documentation'>
+ <title>Documentation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Yocto already has some information on setting up and using
+ OProfile and oprofileui. As this document doesn't cover
+ everything in detail, it may be worth taking a look at the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#platdev-oprofile'>Profiling with OProfile</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OProfile manual can be found here:
+ <ulink url='http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/doc/index.html'>OProfile manual</ulink>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OProfile website contains links to the above manual and
+ bunch of other items including an extensive set of examples:
+ <ulink url='http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/about/'>About OProfile</ulink>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='profile-manual-sysprof'>
+ <title>Sysprof</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Sysprof is a very easy to use system-wide profiler that consists
+ of a single window with three panes and a few buttons which allow
+ you to start, stop, and view the profile from one place.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='sysprof-setup'>
+ <title>Setup</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For this section, we'll assume you've already performed the
+ basic setup outlined in the General Setup section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Sysprof is a GUI-based application that runs on the target
+ system. For the rest of this document we assume you've
+ ssh'ed to the host and will be running Sysprof on the
+ target (you can use the '-X' option to ssh and have the
+ Sysprof GUI run on the target but display remotely on the
+ host if you want).
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='sysprof-basic-usage'>
+ <title>Basic Usage</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To start profiling the system, you simply press the 'Start'
+ button. To stop profiling and to start viewing the profile data
+ in one easy step, press the 'Profile' button.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you've pressed the profile button, the three panes will
+ fill up with profiling data:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/sysprof-copy-to-user.png" width="6in" depth="4in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The left pane shows a list of functions and processes.
+ Selecting one of those expands that function in the right
+ pane, showing all its callees. Note that this caller-oriented
+ display is essentially the inverse of perf's default
+ callee-oriented callchain display.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the screenshot above, we're focusing on __copy_to_user_ll()
+ and looking up the callchain we can see that one of the callers
+ of __copy_to_user_ll is sys_read() and the complete callpath
+ between them. Notice that this is essentially a portion of the
+ same information we saw in the perf display shown in the perf
+ section of this page.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/sysprof-copy-from-user.png" width="6in" depth="4in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Similarly, the above is a snapshot of the Sysprof display of a
+ copy-from-user callchain.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, looking at the third Sysprof pane in the lower left,
+ we can see a list of all the callers of a particular function
+ selected in the top left pane. In this case, the lower pane is
+ showing all the callers of __mark_inode_dirty:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/sysprof-callers.png" width="6in" depth="4in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Double-clicking on one of those functions will in turn change the
+ focus to the selected function, and so on.
+ </para>
+
+ <informalexample>
+ <emphasis>Tying it Together:</emphasis> If you like sysprof's 'caller-oriented'
+ display, you may be able to approximate it in other tools as
+ well. For example, 'perf report' has the -g (--call-graph)
+ option that you can experiment with; one of the options is
+ 'caller' for an inverted caller-based callgraph display.
+ </informalexample>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='sysprof-documentation'>
+ <title>Documentation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ There doesn't seem to be any documentation for Sysprof, but
+ maybe that's because it's pretty self-explanatory.
+ The Sysprof website, however, is here:
+ <ulink url='http://sysprof.com/'>Sysprof, System-wide Performance Profiler for Linux</ulink>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='lttng-linux-trace-toolkit-next-generation'>
+ <title>LTTng (Linux Trace Toolkit, next generation)</title>
+
+ <section id='lttng-setup'>
+ <title>Setup</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For this section, we'll assume you've already performed the
+ basic setup outlined in the General Setup section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ LTTng is run on the target system by ssh'ing to it.
+ However, if you want to see the traces graphically,
+ install Eclipse as described in section
+ "<link linkend='manually-copying-a-trace-to-the-host-and-viewing-it-in-eclipse'>Manually copying a trace to the host and viewing it in Eclipse (i.e. using Eclipse without network support)</link>"
+ and follow the directions to manually copy traces to the host and
+ view them in Eclipse (i.e. using Eclipse without network support).
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Be sure to download and install/run the 'SR1' or later Juno release
+ of eclipse e.g.:
+ <ulink url='http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/download.php?file=/technology/epp/downloads/release/juno/SR1/eclipse-cpp-juno-SR1-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz'>http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/download.php?file=/technology/epp/downloads/release/juno/SR1/eclipse-cpp-juno-SR1-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz</ulink>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='collecting-and-viewing-traces'>
+ <title>Collecting and Viewing Traces</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you've applied the above commits and built and booted your
+ image (you need to build the core-image-sato-sdk image or use one of the
+ other methods described in the General Setup section), you're
+ ready to start tracing.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='collecting-and-viewing-a-trace-on-the-target-inside-a-shell'>
+ <title>Collecting and viewing a trace on the target (inside a shell)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ First, from the host, ssh to the target:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ssh -l root 192.168.1.47
+ The authenticity of host '192.168.1.47 (192.168.1.47)' can't be established.
+ RSA key fingerprint is 23:bd:c8:b1:a8:71:52:00:ee:00:4f:64:9e:10:b9:7e.
+ Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
+ Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.47' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
+ root@192.168.1.47's password:
+ </literallayout>
+ Once on the target, use these steps to create a trace:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng create
+ Spawning a session daemon
+ Session auto-20121015-232120 created.
+ Traces will be written in /home/root/lttng-traces/auto-20121015-232120
+ </literallayout>
+ Enable the events you want to trace (in this case all
+ kernel events):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng enable-event --kernel --all
+ All kernel events are enabled in channel channel0
+ </literallayout>
+ Start the trace:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng start
+ Tracing started for session auto-20121015-232120
+ </literallayout>
+ And then stop the trace after awhile or after running
+ a particular workload that you want to trace:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng stop
+ Tracing stopped for session auto-20121015-232120
+ </literallayout>
+ You can now view the trace in text form on the target:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng view
+ [23:21:56.989270399] (+?.?????????) sys_geteuid: { 1 }, { }
+ [23:21:56.989278081] (+0.000007682) exit_syscall: { 1 }, { ret = 0 }
+ [23:21:56.989286043] (+0.000007962) sys_pipe: { 1 }, { fildes = 0xB77B9E8C }
+ [23:21:56.989321802] (+0.000035759) exit_syscall: { 1 }, { ret = 0 }
+ [23:21:56.989329345] (+0.000007543) sys_mmap_pgoff: { 1 }, { addr = 0x0, len = 10485760, prot = 3, flags = 131362, fd = 4294967295, pgoff = 0 }
+ [23:21:56.989351694] (+0.000022349) exit_syscall: { 1 }, { ret = -1247805440 }
+ [23:21:56.989432989] (+0.000081295) sys_clone: { 1 }, { clone_flags = 0x411, newsp = 0xB5EFFFE4, parent_tid = 0xFFFFFFFF, child_tid = 0x0 }
+ [23:21:56.989477129] (+0.000044140) sched_stat_runtime: { 1 }, { comm = "lttng-consumerd", tid = 1193, runtime = 681660, vruntime = 43367983388 }
+ [23:21:56.989486697] (+0.000009568) sched_migrate_task: { 1 }, { comm = "lttng-consumerd", tid = 1193, prio = 20, orig_cpu = 1, dest_cpu = 1 }
+ [23:21:56.989508418] (+0.000021721) hrtimer_init: { 1 }, { hrtimer = 3970832076, clockid = 1, mode = 1 }
+ [23:21:56.989770462] (+0.000262044) hrtimer_cancel: { 1 }, { hrtimer = 3993865440 }
+ [23:21:56.989771580] (+0.000001118) hrtimer_cancel: { 0 }, { hrtimer = 3993812192 }
+ [23:21:56.989776957] (+0.000005377) hrtimer_expire_entry: { 1 }, { hrtimer = 3993865440, now = 79815980007057, function = 3238465232 }
+ [23:21:56.989778145] (+0.000001188) hrtimer_expire_entry: { 0 }, { hrtimer = 3993812192, now = 79815980008174, function = 3238465232 }
+ [23:21:56.989791695] (+0.000013550) softirq_raise: { 1 }, { vec = 1 }
+ [23:21:56.989795396] (+0.000003701) softirq_raise: { 0 }, { vec = 1 }
+ [23:21:56.989800635] (+0.000005239) softirq_raise: { 0 }, { vec = 9 }
+ [23:21:56.989807130] (+0.000006495) sched_stat_runtime: { 1 }, { comm = "lttng-consumerd", tid = 1193, runtime = 330710, vruntime = 43368314098 }
+ [23:21:56.989809993] (+0.000002863) sched_stat_runtime: { 0 }, { comm = "lttng-sessiond", tid = 1181, runtime = 1015313, vruntime = 36976733240 }
+ [23:21:56.989818514] (+0.000008521) hrtimer_expire_exit: { 0 }, { hrtimer = 3993812192 }
+ [23:21:56.989819631] (+0.000001117) hrtimer_expire_exit: { 1 }, { hrtimer = 3993865440 }
+ [23:21:56.989821866] (+0.000002235) hrtimer_start: { 0 }, { hrtimer = 3993812192, function = 3238465232, expires = 79815981000000, softexpires = 79815981000000 }
+ [23:21:56.989822984] (+0.000001118) hrtimer_start: { 1 }, { hrtimer = 3993865440, function = 3238465232, expires = 79815981000000, softexpires = 79815981000000 }
+ [23:21:56.989832762] (+0.000009778) softirq_entry: { 1 }, { vec = 1 }
+ [23:21:56.989833879] (+0.000001117) softirq_entry: { 0 }, { vec = 1 }
+ [23:21:56.989838069] (+0.000004190) timer_cancel: { 1 }, { timer = 3993871956 }
+ [23:21:56.989839187] (+0.000001118) timer_cancel: { 0 }, { timer = 3993818708 }
+ [23:21:56.989841492] (+0.000002305) timer_expire_entry: { 1 }, { timer = 3993871956, now = 79515980, function = 3238277552 }
+ [23:21:56.989842819] (+0.000001327) timer_expire_entry: { 0 }, { timer = 3993818708, now = 79515980, function = 3238277552 }
+ [23:21:56.989854831] (+0.000012012) sched_stat_runtime: { 1 }, { comm = "lttng-consumerd", tid = 1193, runtime = 49237, vruntime = 43368363335 }
+ [23:21:56.989855949] (+0.000001118) sched_stat_runtime: { 0 }, { comm = "lttng-sessiond", tid = 1181, runtime = 45121, vruntime = 36976778361 }
+ [23:21:56.989861257] (+0.000005308) sched_stat_sleep: { 1 }, { comm = "kworker/1:1", tid = 21, delay = 9451318 }
+ [23:21:56.989862374] (+0.000001117) sched_stat_sleep: { 0 }, { comm = "kworker/0:0", tid = 4, delay = 9958820 }
+ [23:21:56.989868241] (+0.000005867) sched_wakeup: { 0 }, { comm = "kworker/0:0", tid = 4, prio = 120, success = 1, target_cpu = 0 }
+ [23:21:56.989869358] (+0.000001117) sched_wakeup: { 1 }, { comm = "kworker/1:1", tid = 21, prio = 120, success = 1, target_cpu = 1 }
+ [23:21:56.989877460] (+0.000008102) timer_expire_exit: { 1 }, { timer = 3993871956 }
+ [23:21:56.989878577] (+0.000001117) timer_expire_exit: { 0 }, { timer = 3993818708 }
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ </literallayout>
+ You can now safely destroy the trace session (note that
+ this doesn't delete the trace - it's still there
+ in ~/lttng-traces):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng destroy
+ Session auto-20121015-232120 destroyed at /home/root
+ </literallayout>
+ Note that the trace is saved in a directory of the same
+ name as returned by 'lttng create', under the ~/lttng-traces
+ directory (note that you can change this by supplying your
+ own name to 'lttng create'):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# ls -al ~/lttng-traces
+ drwxrwx--- 3 root root 1024 Oct 15 23:21 .
+ drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 1024 Oct 15 23:57 ..
+ drwxrwx--- 3 root root 1024 Oct 15 23:21 auto-20121015-232120
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='collecting-and-viewing-a-userspace-trace-on-the-target-inside-a-shell'>
+ <title>Collecting and viewing a userspace trace on the target (inside a shell)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For LTTng userspace tracing, you need to have a properly
+ instrumented userspace program. For this example, we'll use
+ the 'hello' test program generated by the lttng-ust build.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The 'hello' test program isn't installed on the rootfs by
+ the lttng-ust build, so we need to copy it over manually.
+ First cd into the build directory that contains the hello
+ executable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd build/tmp/work/core2_32-poky-linux/lttng-ust/2.0.5-r0/git/tests/hello/.libs
+ </literallayout>
+ Copy that over to the target machine:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ scp hello root@192.168.1.20:
+ </literallayout>
+ You now have the instrumented lttng 'hello world' test
+ program on the target, ready to test.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ First, from the host, ssh to the target:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ssh -l root 192.168.1.47
+ The authenticity of host '192.168.1.47 (192.168.1.47)' can't be established.
+ RSA key fingerprint is 23:bd:c8:b1:a8:71:52:00:ee:00:4f:64:9e:10:b9:7e.
+ Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
+ Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.47' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
+ root@192.168.1.47's password:
+ </literallayout>
+ Once on the target, use these steps to create a trace:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng create
+ Session auto-20190303-021943 created.
+ Traces will be written in /home/root/lttng-traces/auto-20190303-021943
+ </literallayout>
+ Enable the events you want to trace (in this case all
+ userspace events):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng enable-event --userspace --all
+ All UST events are enabled in channel channel0
+ </literallayout>
+ Start the trace:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng start
+ Tracing started for session auto-20190303-021943
+ </literallayout>
+ Run the instrumented hello world program:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# ./hello
+ Hello, World!
+ Tracing... done.
+ </literallayout>
+ And then stop the trace after awhile or after running a
+ particular workload that you want to trace:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng stop
+ Tracing stopped for session auto-20190303-021943
+ </literallayout>
+ You can now view the trace in text form on the target:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng view
+ [02:31:14.906146544] (+?.?????????) hello:1424 ust_tests_hello:tptest: { cpu_id = 1 }, { intfield = 0, intfield2 = 0x0, longfield = 0, netintfield = 0, netintfieldhex = 0x0, arrfield1 = [ [0] = 1, [1] = 2, [2] = 3 ], arrfield2 = "test", _seqfield1_length = 4, seqfield1 = [ [0] = 116, [1] = 101, [2] = 115, [3] = 116 ], _seqfield2_length = 4, seqfield2 = "test", stringfield = "test", floatfield = 2222, doublefield = 2, boolfield = 1 }
+ [02:31:14.906170360] (+0.000023816) hello:1424 ust_tests_hello:tptest: { cpu_id = 1 }, { intfield = 1, intfield2 = 0x1, longfield = 1, netintfield = 1, netintfieldhex = 0x1, arrfield1 = [ [0] = 1, [1] = 2, [2] = 3 ], arrfield2 = "test", _seqfield1_length = 4, seqfield1 = [ [0] = 116, [1] = 101, [2] = 115, [3] = 116 ], _seqfield2_length = 4, seqfield2 = "test", stringfield = "test", floatfield = 2222, doublefield = 2, boolfield = 1 }
+ [02:31:14.906183140] (+0.000012780) hello:1424 ust_tests_hello:tptest: { cpu_id = 1 }, { intfield = 2, intfield2 = 0x2, longfield = 2, netintfield = 2, netintfieldhex = 0x2, arrfield1 = [ [0] = 1, [1] = 2, [2] = 3 ], arrfield2 = "test", _seqfield1_length = 4, seqfield1 = [ [0] = 116, [1] = 101, [2] = 115, [3] = 116 ], _seqfield2_length = 4, seqfield2 = "test", stringfield = "test", floatfield = 2222, doublefield = 2, boolfield = 1 }
+ [02:31:14.906194385] (+0.000011245) hello:1424 ust_tests_hello:tptest: { cpu_id = 1 }, { intfield = 3, intfield2 = 0x3, longfield = 3, netintfield = 3, netintfieldhex = 0x3, arrfield1 = [ [0] = 1, [1] = 2, [2] = 3 ], arrfield2 = "test", _seqfield1_length = 4, seqfield1 = [ [0] = 116, [1] = 101, [2] = 115, [3] = 116 ], _seqfield2_length = 4, seqfield2 = "test", stringfield = "test", floatfield = 2222, doublefield = 2, boolfield = 1 }
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ </literallayout>
+ You can now safely destroy the trace session (note that
+ this doesn't delete the trace - it's still
+ there in ~/lttng-traces):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# lttng destroy
+ Session auto-20190303-021943 destroyed at /home/root
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='manually-copying-a-trace-to-the-host-and-viewing-it-in-eclipse'>
+ <title>Manually copying a trace to the host and viewing it in Eclipse (i.e. using Eclipse without network support)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you already have an LTTng trace on a remote target and
+ would like to view it in Eclipse on the host, you can easily
+ copy it from the target to the host and import it into
+ Eclipse to view it using the LTTng Eclipse plug-in already
+ bundled in the Eclipse (Juno SR1 or greater).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Using the trace we created in the previous section, archive
+ it and copy it to your host system:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~/lttng-traces# tar zcvf auto-20121015-232120.tar.gz auto-20121015-232120
+ auto-20121015-232120/
+ auto-20121015-232120/kernel/
+ auto-20121015-232120/kernel/metadata
+ auto-20121015-232120/kernel/channel0_1
+ auto-20121015-232120/kernel/channel0_0
+
+ $ scp root@192.168.1.47:lttng-traces/auto-20121015-232120.tar.gz .
+ root@192.168.1.47's password:
+ auto-20121015-232120.tar.gz 100% 1566KB 1.5MB/s 00:01
+ </literallayout>
+ Unarchive it on the host:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ gunzip -c auto-20121015-232120.tar.gz | tar xvf -
+ auto-20121015-232120/
+ auto-20121015-232120/kernel/
+ auto-20121015-232120/kernel/metadata
+ auto-20121015-232120/kernel/channel0_1
+ auto-20121015-232120/kernel/channel0_0
+ </literallayout>
+ We can now import the trace into Eclipse and view it:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>First, start eclipse and open the
+ 'LTTng Kernel' perspective by selecting the following
+ menu item:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Window | Open Perspective | Other...
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>In the dialog box that opens, select
+ 'LTTng Kernel' from the list.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Back at the main menu, select the
+ following menu item:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ File | New | Project...
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>In the dialog box that opens, select
+ the 'Tracing | Tracing Project' wizard and press
+ 'Next>'.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Give the project a name and press
+ 'Finish'.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>In the 'Project Explorer' pane under
+ the project you created, right click on the
+ 'Traces' item.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Select 'Import..." and in the dialog
+ that's displayed:</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Browse the filesystem and find the
+ select the 'kernel' directory containing the trace
+ you copied from the target
+ e.g. auto-20121015-232120/kernel</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>'Checkmark' the directory in the tree
+ that's displayed for the trace</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Below that, select 'Common Trace Format:
+ Kernel Trace' for the 'Trace Type'</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Press 'Finish' to close the dialog
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Back in the 'Project Explorer' pane,
+ double-click on the 'kernel' item for the
+ trace you just imported under 'Traces'
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ You should now see your trace data displayed graphically
+ in several different views in Eclipse:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/lttngmain0.png" width="6in" depth="6in" align="center" scalefit="1" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can access extensive help information on how to use
+ the LTTng plug-in to search and analyze captured traces via
+ the Eclipse help system:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Help | Help Contents | LTTng Plug-in User Guide
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='collecting-and-viewing-a-trace-in-eclipse'>
+ <title>Collecting and viewing a trace in Eclipse</title>
+
+ <note>
+ This section on collecting traces remotely doesn't currently
+ work because of Eclipse 'RSE' connectivity problems. Manually
+ tracing on the target, copying the trace files to the host,
+ and viewing the trace in Eclipse on the host as outlined in
+ previous steps does work however - please use the manual
+ steps outlined above to view traces in Eclipse.
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to trace a remote target, you also need to add
+ a 'tracing' group on the target and connect as a user
+ who's part of that group e.g:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # adduser tomz
+ # groupadd -r tracing
+ # usermod -a -G tracing tomz
+ </literallayout>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>First, start eclipse and open the
+ 'LTTng Kernel' perspective by selecting the following
+ menu item:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Window | Open Perspective | Other...
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>In the dialog box that opens, select
+ 'LTTng Kernel' from the list.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Back at the main menu, select the
+ following menu item:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ File | New | Project...
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>In the dialog box that opens, select
+ the 'Tracing | Tracing Project' wizard and
+ press 'Next>'.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Give the project a name and press
+ 'Finish'. That should result in an entry in the
+ 'Project' subwindow.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>In the 'Control' subwindow just below
+ it, press 'New Connection'.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Add a new connection, giving it the
+ hostname or IP address of the target system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Provide the username and password
+ of a qualified user (a member of the 'tracing' group)
+ or root account on the target system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Provide appropriate answers to whatever
+ else is asked for e.g. 'secure storage password'
+ can be anything you want.
+ If you get an 'RSE Error' it may be due to proxies.
+ It may be possible to get around the problem by
+ changing the following setting:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Window | Preferences | Network Connections
+ </literallayout>
+ Switch 'Active Provider' to 'Direct'
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='lltng-documentation'>
+ <title>Documentation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find the primary LTTng Documentation on the
+ <ulink url='https://lttng.org/docs/'>LTTng Documentation</ulink>
+ site.
+ The documentation on this site is appropriate for intermediate to
+ advanced software developers who are working in a Linux environment
+ and are interested in efficient software tracing.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on LTTng in general, visit the
+ <ulink url='http://lttng.org/lttng2.0'>LTTng Project</ulink>
+ site.
+ You can find a "Getting Started" link on this site that takes
+ you to an LTTng Quick Start.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, you can access extensive help information on how to use
+ the LTTng plug-in to search and analyze captured traces via the
+ Eclipse help system:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Help | Help Contents | LTTng Plug-in User Guide
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='profile-manual-blktrace'>
+ <title>blktrace</title>
+
+ <para>
+ blktrace is a tool for tracing and reporting low-level disk I/O.
+ blktrace provides the tracing half of the equation; its output can
+ be piped into the blkparse program, which renders the data in a
+ human-readable form and does some basic analysis:
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='blktrace-setup'>
+ <title>Setup</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For this section, we'll assume you've already performed the
+ basic setup outlined in the
+ "<link linkend='profile-manual-general-setup'>General Setup</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ blktrace is an application that runs on the target system.
+ You can run the entire blktrace and blkparse pipeline on the
+ target, or you can run blktrace in 'listen' mode on the target
+ and have blktrace and blkparse collect and analyze the data on
+ the host (see the
+ "<link linkend='using-blktrace-remotely'>Using blktrace Remotely</link>"
+ section below).
+ For the rest of this section we assume you've ssh'ed to the
+ host and will be running blkrace on the target.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='blktrace-basic-usage'>
+ <title>Basic Usage</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To record a trace, simply run the 'blktrace' command, giving it
+ the name of the block device you want to trace activity on:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# blktrace /dev/sdc
+ </literallayout>
+ In another shell, execute a workload you want to trace.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:/media/sdc# rm linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2; wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>; sync
+ Connecting to downloads.yoctoproject.org (140.211.169.59:80)
+ linux-2.6.19.2.tar.b 100% |*******************************| 41727k 0:00:00 ETA
+ </literallayout>
+ Press Ctrl-C in the blktrace shell to stop the trace. It will
+ display how many events were logged, along with the per-cpu file
+ sizes (blktrace records traces in per-cpu kernel buffers and
+ simply dumps them to userspace for blkparse to merge and sort
+ later).
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ^C=== sdc ===
+ CPU 0: 7082 events, 332 KiB data
+ CPU 1: 1578 events, 74 KiB data
+ Total: 8660 events (dropped 0), 406 KiB data
+ </literallayout>
+ If you examine the files saved to disk, you see multiple files,
+ one per CPU and with the device name as the first part of the
+ filename:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# ls -al
+ drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 1024 Oct 27 22:39 .
+ drwxr-sr-x 4 root root 1024 Oct 26 18:24 ..
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 339938 Oct 27 22:40 sdc.blktrace.0
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 75753 Oct 27 22:40 sdc.blktrace.1
+ </literallayout>
+ To view the trace events, simply invoke 'blkparse' in the
+ directory containing the trace files, giving it the device name
+ that forms the first part of the filenames:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# blkparse sdc
+
+ 8,32 1 1 0.000000000 1225 Q WS 3417048 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 2 0.000025213 1225 G WS 3417048 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 3 0.000033384 1225 P N [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 4 0.000043301 1225 I WS 3417048 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000057270 0 m N cfq1225 insert_request
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000064813 0 m N cfq1225 add_to_rr
+ 8,32 1 5 0.000076336 1225 U N [jbd2/sdc-8] 1
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000088559 0 m N cfq workload slice:150
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000097359 0 m N cfq1225 set_active wl_prio:0 wl_type:1
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000104063 0 m N cfq1225 Not idling. st->count:1
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000112584 0 m N cfq1225 fifo= (null)
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000118730 0 m N cfq1225 dispatch_insert
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000127390 0 m N cfq1225 dispatched a request
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000133536 0 m N cfq1225 activate rq, drv=1
+ 8,32 1 6 0.000136889 1225 D WS 3417048 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 7 0.000360381 1225 Q WS 3417056 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 8 0.000377422 1225 G WS 3417056 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 9 0.000388876 1225 P N [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 10 0.000397886 1225 Q WS 3417064 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 11 0.000404800 1225 M WS 3417064 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 12 0.000412343 1225 Q WS 3417072 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 13 0.000416533 1225 M WS 3417072 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 14 0.000422121 1225 Q WS 3417080 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 15 0.000425194 1225 M WS 3417080 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 16 0.000431968 1225 Q WS 3417088 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 17 0.000435251 1225 M WS 3417088 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 18 0.000440279 1225 Q WS 3417096 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 19 0.000443911 1225 M WS 3417096 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 20 0.000450336 1225 Q WS 3417104 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 21 0.000454038 1225 M WS 3417104 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 22 0.000462070 1225 Q WS 3417112 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 23 0.000465422 1225 M WS 3417112 + 8 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 24 0.000474222 1225 I WS 3417056 + 64 [jbd2/sdc-8]
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000483022 0 m N cfq1225 insert_request
+ 8,32 1 25 0.000489727 1225 U N [jbd2/sdc-8] 1
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000498457 0 m N cfq1225 Not idling. st->count:1
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000503765 0 m N cfq1225 dispatch_insert
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000512914 0 m N cfq1225 dispatched a request
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000518851 0 m N cfq1225 activate rq, drv=2
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ 8,32 0 0 58.515006138 0 m N cfq3551 complete rqnoidle 1
+ 8,32 0 2024 58.516603269 3 C WS 3156992 + 16 [0]
+ 8,32 0 0 58.516626736 0 m N cfq3551 complete rqnoidle 1
+ 8,32 0 0 58.516634558 0 m N cfq3551 arm_idle: 8 group_idle: 0
+ 8,32 0 0 58.516636933 0 m N cfq schedule dispatch
+ 8,32 1 0 58.516971613 0 m N cfq3551 slice expired t=0
+ 8,32 1 0 58.516982089 0 m N cfq3551 sl_used=13 disp=6 charge=13 iops=0 sect=80
+ 8,32 1 0 58.516985511 0 m N cfq3551 del_from_rr
+ 8,32 1 0 58.516990819 0 m N cfq3551 put_queue
+
+ CPU0 (sdc):
+ Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 331, 26,284KiB
+ Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 485, 40,484KiB
+ Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
+ Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 511, 41,000KiB
+ Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 13, 160KiB
+ Read depth: 0 Write depth: 2
+ IO unplugs: 23 Timer unplugs: 0
+ CPU1 (sdc):
+ Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 249, 15,800KiB
+ Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 42, 1,600KiB
+ Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
+ Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 16, 1,084KiB
+ Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 40, 276KiB
+ Read depth: 0 Write depth: 2
+ IO unplugs: 30 Timer unplugs: 1
+
+ Total (sdc):
+ Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 580, 42,084KiB
+ Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 527, 42,084KiB
+ Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
+ Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 527, 42,084KiB
+ Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 53, 436KiB
+ IO unplugs: 53 Timer unplugs: 1
+
+ Throughput (R/W): 0KiB/s / 719KiB/s
+ Events (sdc): 6,592 entries
+ Skips: 0 forward (0 - 0.0%)
+ Input file sdc.blktrace.0 added
+ Input file sdc.blktrace.1 added
+ </literallayout>
+ The report shows each event that was found in the blktrace data,
+ along with a summary of the overall block I/O traffic during
+ the run. You can look at the
+ <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/1/blkparse'>blkparse</ulink>
+ manpage to learn the
+ meaning of each field displayed in the trace listing.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='blktrace-live-mode'>
+ <title>Live Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ blktrace and blkparse are designed from the ground up to
+ be able to operate together in a 'pipe mode' where the
+ stdout of blktrace can be fed directly into the stdin of
+ blkparse:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# blktrace /dev/sdc -o - | blkparse -i -
+ </literallayout>
+ This enables long-lived tracing sessions to run without
+ writing anything to disk, and allows the user to look for
+ certain conditions in the trace data in 'real-time' by
+ viewing the trace output as it scrolls by on the screen or
+ by passing it along to yet another program in the pipeline
+ such as grep which can be used to identify and capture
+ conditions of interest.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ There's actually another blktrace command that implements
+ the above pipeline as a single command, so the user doesn't
+ have to bother typing in the above command sequence:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# btrace /dev/sdc
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-blktrace-remotely'>
+ <title>Using blktrace Remotely</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Because blktrace traces block I/O and at the same time
+ normally writes its trace data to a block device, and
+ in general because it's not really a great idea to make
+ the device being traced the same as the device the tracer
+ writes to, blktrace provides a way to trace without
+ perturbing the traced device at all by providing native
+ support for sending all trace data over the network.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To have blktrace operate in this mode, start blktrace on
+ the target system being traced with the -l option, along with
+ the device to trace:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:~# blktrace -l /dev/sdc
+ server: waiting for connections...
+ </literallayout>
+ On the host system, use the -h option to connect to the
+ target system, also passing it the device to trace:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ blktrace -d /dev/sdc -h 192.168.1.43
+ blktrace: connecting to 192.168.1.43
+ blktrace: connected!
+ </literallayout>
+ On the target system, you should see this:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ server: connection from 192.168.1.43
+ </literallayout>
+ In another shell, execute a workload you want to trace.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:/media/sdc# rm linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2; wget <ulink url='http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2'>http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/sources/linux-2.6.19.2.tar.bz2</ulink>; sync
+ Connecting to downloads.yoctoproject.org (140.211.169.59:80)
+ linux-2.6.19.2.tar.b 100% |*******************************| 41727k 0:00:00 ETA
+ </literallayout>
+ When it's done, do a Ctrl-C on the host system to
+ stop the trace:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ^C=== sdc ===
+ CPU 0: 7691 events, 361 KiB data
+ CPU 1: 4109 events, 193 KiB data
+ Total: 11800 events (dropped 0), 554 KiB data
+ </literallayout>
+ On the target system, you should also see a trace
+ summary for the trace just ended:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ server: end of run for 192.168.1.43:sdc
+ === sdc ===
+ CPU 0: 7691 events, 361 KiB data
+ CPU 1: 4109 events, 193 KiB data
+ Total: 11800 events (dropped 0), 554 KiB data
+ </literallayout>
+ The blktrace instance on the host will save the target
+ output inside a hostname-timestamp directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ls -al
+ drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 1024 Oct 28 02:40 .
+ drwxr-sr-x 4 root root 1024 Oct 26 18:24 ..
+ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Oct 28 02:40 192.168.1.43-2012-10-28-02:40:56
+ </literallayout>
+ cd into that directory to see the output files:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ls -l
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 369193 Oct 28 02:44 sdc.blktrace.0
+ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197278 Oct 28 02:44 sdc.blktrace.1
+ </literallayout>
+ And run blkparse on the host system using the device name:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ blkparse sdc
+
+ 8,32 1 1 0.000000000 1263 Q RM 6016 + 8 [ls]
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000036038 0 m N cfq1263 alloced
+ 8,32 1 2 0.000039390 1263 G RM 6016 + 8 [ls]
+ 8,32 1 3 0.000049168 1263 I RM 6016 + 8 [ls]
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000056152 0 m N cfq1263 insert_request
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000061600 0 m N cfq1263 add_to_rr
+ 8,32 1 0 0.000075498 0 m N cfq workload slice:300
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ 8,32 0 0 177.266385696 0 m N cfq1267 arm_idle: 8 group_idle: 0
+ 8,32 0 0 177.266388140 0 m N cfq schedule dispatch
+ 8,32 1 0 177.266679239 0 m N cfq1267 slice expired t=0
+ 8,32 1 0 177.266689297 0 m N cfq1267 sl_used=9 disp=6 charge=9 iops=0 sect=56
+ 8,32 1 0 177.266692649 0 m N cfq1267 del_from_rr
+ 8,32 1 0 177.266696560 0 m N cfq1267 put_queue
+
+ CPU0 (sdc):
+ Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 270, 21,708KiB
+ Read Dispatches: 59, 2,628KiB Write Dispatches: 495, 39,964KiB
+ Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
+ Reads Completed: 90, 2,752KiB Writes Completed: 543, 41,596KiB
+ Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 9, 344KiB
+ Read depth: 2 Write depth: 2
+ IO unplugs: 20 Timer unplugs: 1
+ CPU1 (sdc):
+ Reads Queued: 688, 2,752KiB Writes Queued: 381, 20,652KiB
+ Read Dispatches: 31, 124KiB Write Dispatches: 59, 2,396KiB
+ Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
+ Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 11, 764KiB
+ Read Merges: 598, 2,392KiB Write Merges: 88, 448KiB
+ Read depth: 2 Write depth: 2
+ IO unplugs: 52 Timer unplugs: 0
+
+ Total (sdc):
+ Reads Queued: 688, 2,752KiB Writes Queued: 651, 42,360KiB
+ Read Dispatches: 90, 2,752KiB Write Dispatches: 554, 42,360KiB
+ Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
+ Reads Completed: 90, 2,752KiB Writes Completed: 554, 42,360KiB
+ Read Merges: 598, 2,392KiB Write Merges: 97, 792KiB
+ IO unplugs: 72 Timer unplugs: 1
+
+ Throughput (R/W): 15KiB/s / 238KiB/s
+ Events (sdc): 9,301 entries
+ Skips: 0 forward (0 - 0.0%)
+ </literallayout>
+ You should see the trace events and summary just as
+ you would have if you'd run the same command on the target.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='tracing-block-io-via-ftrace'>
+ <title>Tracing Block I/O via 'ftrace'</title>
+
+ <para>
+ It's also possible to trace block I/O using only
+ <link linkend='the-trace-events-subsystem'>trace events subsystem</link>,
+ which can be useful for casual tracing
+ if you don't want to bother dealing with the userspace tools.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To enable tracing for a given device, use
+ /sys/block/xxx/trace/enable, where xxx is the device name.
+ This for example enables tracing for /dev/sdc:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# echo 1 > /sys/block/sdc/trace/enable
+ </literallayout>
+ Once you've selected the device(s) you want to trace,
+ selecting the 'blk' tracer will turn the blk tracer on:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# cat available_tracers
+ blk function_graph function nop
+
+ root@crownbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# echo blk > current_tracer
+ </literallayout>
+ Execute the workload you're interested in:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# cat /media/sdc/testfile.txt
+ </literallayout>
+ And look at the output (note here that we're using
+ 'trace_pipe' instead of trace to capture this trace -
+ this allows us to wait around on the pipe for data to
+ appear):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# cat trace_pipe
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276361: 8,32 Q R 1699848 + 8 [cat]
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276410: 8,32 m N cfq3587 alloced
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276415: 8,32 G R 1699848 + 8 [cat]
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276424: 8,32 P N [cat]
+ cat-3587 [001] d..2 3023.276432: 8,32 I R 1699848 + 8 [cat]
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276439: 8,32 m N cfq3587 insert_request
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276445: 8,32 m N cfq3587 add_to_rr
+ cat-3587 [001] d..2 3023.276454: 8,32 U N [cat] 1
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276464: 8,32 m N cfq workload slice:150
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276471: 8,32 m N cfq3587 set_active wl_prio:0 wl_type:2
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276478: 8,32 m N cfq3587 fifo= (null)
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276483: 8,32 m N cfq3587 dispatch_insert
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276490: 8,32 m N cfq3587 dispatched a request
+ cat-3587 [001] d..1 3023.276497: 8,32 m N cfq3587 activate rq, drv=1
+ cat-3587 [001] d..2 3023.276500: 8,32 D R 1699848 + 8 [cat]
+ </literallayout>
+ And this turns off tracing for the specified device:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ root@crownbay:/sys/kernel/debug/tracing# echo 0 > /sys/block/sdc/trace/enable
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='blktrace-documentation'>
+ <title>Documentation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Online versions of the man pages for the commands discussed
+ in this section can be found here:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/8/blktrace'>http://linux.die.net/man/8/blktrace</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/1/blkparse'>http://linux.die.net/man/1/blkparse</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/8/btrace'>http://linux.die.net/man/8/btrace</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The above manpages, along with manpages for the other
+ blktrace utilities (btt, blkiomon, etc) can be found in the
+ /doc directory of the blktrace tools git repo:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git clone git://git.kernel.dk/blktrace.git
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual.xml b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38620df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/profile-manual/profile-manual.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<book id='profile-manual' lang='en'
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
+ xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ >
+ <bookinfo>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref='figures/profile-title.png'
+ format='SVG'
+ align='left' scalefit='1' width='100%'/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ <title>
+ Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual
+ </title>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Tom</firstname> <surname>Zanussi</surname>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>Intel Corporation</orgname>
+ </affiliation>
+ <email>tom.zanussi@intel.com</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+
+ <revhistory>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.4</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.4 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5.1</revnumber>
+ <date>January 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.6</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.6 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.7</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.7 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.8</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.8 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.9</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.9 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>©RIGHT_YEAR;</year>
+ <holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <legalnotice>
+ <para>
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
+ the terms of the <ulink type="http" url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">
+ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales</ulink> as published by
+ Creative Commons.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ For the latest version of this manual associated with this
+ Yocto Project release, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;'>Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual</ulink>
+ from the Yocto Project website.
+ </note>
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ </bookinfo>
+
+ <xi:include href="profile-manual-intro.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="profile-manual-arch.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="profile-manual-usage.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="profile-manual-examples.xml"/>
+
+</book>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/TODO b/documentation/ref-manual/TODO
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee0db97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/TODO
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Handbook Todo List:
+
+ * Document adding a new IMAGE_FEATURE to the customising images section
+ * Add instructions about using zaurus/openmoko emulation
+ * Add component overview/block diagrams
+ * Software Deevelopment intro should mention its software development for
+ intended target and could be a different arch etc and thus special case.
+ * Expand insane.bbclass documentation to cover tests
+ * Document remaining classes (see list in ref-classes)
+ * Document formfactor
+
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/closer-look.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/closer-look.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27f674a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/closer-look.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1331 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='closer-look'>
+<title>A Closer Look at the Yocto Project Development Environment</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This chapter takes a more detailed look at the Yocto Project
+ development environment.
+ The following diagram represents the development environment at a
+ high level.
+ The remainder of this chapter expands on the fundamental input, output,
+ process, and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>) blocks
+ in the Yocto Project development environment.
+ </para>
+
+ <para id='general-yocto-environment-figure'>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/yocto-environment-ref.png" align="center" width="8in" depth="4.25in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The generalized Yocto Project Development Environment consists of
+ several functional areas:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>User Configuration:</emphasis>
+ Metadata you can use to control the build process.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Metadata Layers:</emphasis>
+ Various layers that provide software, machine, and
+ distro Metadata.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Source Files:</emphasis>
+ Upstream releases, local projects, and SCMs.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build System:</emphasis>
+ Processes under the control of
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>.
+ This block expands on how BitBake fetches source, applies
+ patches, completes compilation, analyzes output for package
+ generation, creates and tests packages, generates images, and
+ generates cross-development tools.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Package Feeds:</emphasis>
+ Directories containing output packages (RPM, DEB or IPK),
+ which are subsequently used in the construction of an image or
+ SDK, produced by the build system.
+ These feeds can also be copied and shared using a web server or
+ other means to facilitate extending or updating existing
+ images on devices at runtime if runtime package management is
+ enabled.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Images:</emphasis>
+ Images produced by the development process.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Application Development SDK:</emphasis>
+ Cross-development tools that are produced along with an image
+ or separately with BitBake.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="user-configuration">
+ <title>User Configuration</title>
+
+ <para>
+ User configuration helps define the build.
+ Through user configuration, you can tell BitBake the
+ target architecture for which you are building the image,
+ where to store downloaded source, and other build properties.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following figure shows an expanded representation of the
+ "User Configuration" box of the
+ <link linkend='general-yocto-environment-figure'>general Yocto Project Development Environment figure</link>:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/user-configuration.png" align="center" width="5.5in" depth="3.5in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake needs some basic configuration files in order to complete
+ a build.
+ These files are <filename>*.conf</filename> files.
+ The minimally necessary ones reside as example files in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ For simplicity, this section refers to the Source Directory as
+ the "Poky Directory."
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you clone the <filename>poky</filename> Git repository or you
+ download and unpack a Yocto Project release, you can set up the
+ Source Directory to be named anything you want.
+ For this discussion, the cloned repository uses the default
+ name <filename>poky</filename>.
+ <note>
+ The Poky repository is primarily an aggregation of existing
+ repositories.
+ It is not a canonical upstream source.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>meta-yocto</filename> layer inside Poky contains
+ a <filename>conf</filename> directory that has example
+ configuration files.
+ These example files are used as a basis for creating actual
+ configuration files when you source the build environment
+ script
+ (i.e.
+ <link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Sourcing the build environment script creates a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ if one does not already exist.
+ BitBake uses the Build Directory for all its work during builds.
+ The Build Directory has a <filename>conf</filename> directory that
+ contains default versions of your <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ and <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> configuration files.
+ These default configuration files are created only if versions
+ do not already exist in the Build Directory at the time you
+ source the build environment setup script.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because the Poky repository is fundamentally an aggregation of
+ existing repositories, some users might be familiar with running
+ the <filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename> or
+ <filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename> script in the context
+ of separate OpenEmbedded-Core and BitBake repositories rather than a
+ single Poky repository.
+ This discussion assumes the script is executed from within a cloned
+ or unpacked version of Poky.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Depending on where the script is sourced, different sub-scripts
+ are called to set up the Build Directory (Yocto or OpenEmbedded).
+ Specifically, the script
+ <filename>scripts/oe-setup-builddir</filename> inside the
+ poky directory sets up the Build Directory and seeds the directory
+ (if necessary) with configuration files appropriate for the
+ Yocto Project development environment.
+ <note>
+ The <filename>scripts/oe-setup-builddir</filename> script
+ uses the <filename>$TEMPLATECONF</filename> variable to
+ determine which sample configuration files to locate.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>local.conf</filename> file provides many
+ basic variables that define a build environment.
+ Here is a list of a few.
+ To see the default configurations in a <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ file created by the build environment script, see the
+ <filename>local.conf.sample</filename> in the
+ <filename>meta-yocto</filename> layer:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Parallelism Options:</emphasis>
+ Controlled by the
+ <link linkend='var-BB_NUMBER_THREADS'><filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-PARALLEL_MAKE'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#var-BB_NUMBER_PARSE_THREADS'><filename>BB_NUMBER_PARSE_THREADS</filename></ulink>
+ variables.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Target Machine Selection:</emphasis>
+ Controlled by the
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>
+ variable.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Download Directory:</emphasis>
+ Controlled by the
+ <link linkend='var-DL_DIR'><filename>DL_DIR</filename></link>
+ variable.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Shared State Directory:</emphasis>
+ Controlled by the
+ <link linkend='var-SSTATE_DIR'><filename>SSTATE_DIR</filename></link>
+ variable.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build Output:</emphasis>
+ Controlled by the
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ variable.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <note>
+ Configurations set in the <filename>conf/local.conf</filename>
+ file can also be set in the
+ <filename>conf/site.conf</filename> and
+ <filename>conf/auto.conf</filename> configuration files.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file tells BitBake what
+ layers you want considered during the build.
+ By default, the layers listed in this file include layers
+ minimally needed by the build system.
+ However, you must manually add any custom layers you have created.
+ You can find more information on working with the
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#enabling-your-layer'>Enabling Your Layer</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The files <filename>site.conf</filename> and
+ <filename>auto.conf</filename> are not created by the environment
+ initialization script.
+ If you want these configuration files, you must create them
+ yourself:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>site.conf</filename>:</emphasis>
+ You can use the <filename>conf/site.conf</filename>
+ configuration file to configure multiple build directories.
+ For example, suppose you had several build environments and
+ they shared some common features.
+ You can set these default build properties here.
+ A good example is perhaps the packaging format to use
+ through the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable.</para>
+ <para>One useful scenario for using the
+ <filename>conf/site.conf</filename> file is to extend your
+ <link linkend='var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></link>
+ variable to include the path to a
+ <filename>conf/site.conf</filename>.
+ Then, when BitBake looks for Metadata using
+ <filename>BBPATH</filename>, it finds the
+ <filename>conf/site.conf</filename> file and applies your
+ common configurations found in the file.
+ To override configurations in a particular build directory,
+ alter the similar configurations within that build
+ directory's <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>auto.conf</filename>:</emphasis>
+ This file is not hand-created.
+ Rather, the file is usually created and written to by
+ an autobuilder.
+ The settings put into the file are typically the same as
+ you would find in the <filename>conf/local.conf</filename>
+ or the <filename>conf/site.conf</filename> files.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can edit all configuration files to further define
+ any particular build environment.
+ This process is represented by the "User Configuration Edits"
+ box in the figure.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you launch your build with the
+ <filename>bitbake <replaceable>target</replaceable></filename> command, BitBake
+ sorts out the configurations to ultimately define your build
+ environment.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="metadata-machine-configuration-and-policy-configuration">
+ <title>Metadata, Machine Configuration, and Policy Configuration</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The previous section described the user configurations that
+ define BitBake's global behavior.
+ This section takes a closer look at the layers the build system
+ uses to further control the build.
+ These layers provide Metadata for the software, machine, and
+ policy.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In general, three types of layer input exist:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Policy Configuration:</emphasis>
+ Distribution Layers provide top-level or general
+ policies for the image or SDK being built.
+ For example, this layer would dictate whether BitBake
+ produces RPM or IPK packages.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Machine Configuration:</emphasis>
+ Board Support Package (BSP) layers provide machine
+ configurations.
+ This type of information is specific to a particular
+ target architecture.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Metadata:</emphasis>
+ Software layers contain user-supplied recipe files,
+ patches, and append files.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following figure shows an expanded representation of the
+ Metadata, Machine Configuration, and Policy Configuration input
+ (layers) boxes of the
+ <link linkend='general-yocto-environment-figure'>general Yocto Project Development Environment figure</link>:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/layer-input.png" align="center" width="8in" depth="7.5in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In general, all layers have a similar structure.
+ They all contain a licensing file
+ (e.g. <filename>COPYING</filename>) if the layer is to be
+ distributed, a <filename>README</filename> file as good practice
+ and especially if the layer is to be distributed, a
+ configuration directory, and recipe directories.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project has many layers that can be used.
+ You can see a web-interface listing of them on the
+ <ulink url="http://git.yoctoproject.org/">Source Repositories</ulink>
+ page.
+ The layers are shown at the bottom categorized under
+ "Yocto Metadata Layers."
+ These layers are fundamentally a subset of the
+ <ulink url="http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/layers/">OpenEmbedded Metadata Index</ulink>,
+ which lists all layers provided by the OpenEmbedded community.
+ <note>
+ Layers exist in the Yocto Project Source Repositories that
+ cannot be found in the OpenEmbedded Metadata Index.
+ These layers are either deprecated or experimental in nature.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake uses the <filename>conf/bblayers.conf</filename> file,
+ which is part of the user configuration, to find what layers it
+ should be using as part of the build.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on layers, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding and Creating Layers</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="distro-layer">
+ <title>Distro Layer</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The distribution layer provides policy configurations for your
+ distribution.
+ Best practices dictate that you isolate these types of
+ configurations into their own layer.
+ Settings you provide in
+ <filename>conf/distro/<replaceable>distro</replaceable>.conf</filename> override
+ similar
+ settings that BitBake finds in your
+ <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> file in the Build
+ Directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list provides some explanation and references
+ for what you typically find in the distribution layer:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>classes:</emphasis>
+ Class files (<filename>.bbclass</filename>) hold
+ common functionality that can be shared among
+ recipes in the distribution.
+ When your recipes inherit a class, they take on the
+ settings and functions for that class.
+ You can read more about class files in the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes'>Classes</link>" section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>conf:</emphasis>
+ This area holds configuration files for the
+ layer (<filename>conf/layer.conf</filename>),
+ the distribution
+ (<filename>conf/distro/<replaceable>distro</replaceable>.conf</filename>),
+ and any distribution-wide include files.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>recipes-*:</emphasis>
+ Recipes and append files that affect common
+ functionality across the distribution.
+ This area could include recipes and append files
+ to add distribution-specific configuration,
+ initialization scripts, custom image recipes,
+ and so forth.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="bsp-layer">
+ <title>BSP Layer</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The BSP Layer provides machine configurations.
+ Everything in this layer is specific to the machine for which
+ you are building the image or the SDK.
+ A common structure or form is defined for BSP layers.
+ You can learn more about this structure in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;'>Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ <note>
+ In order for a BSP layer to be considered compliant with the
+ Yocto Project, it must meet some structural requirements.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The BSP Layer's configuration directory contains
+ configuration files for the machine
+ (<filename>conf/machine/<replaceable>machine</replaceable>.conf</filename>) and,
+ of course, the layer (<filename>conf/layer.conf</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The remainder of the layer is dedicated to specific recipes
+ by function: <filename>recipes-bsp</filename>,
+ <filename>recipes-core</filename>,
+ <filename>recipes-graphics</filename>, and
+ <filename>recipes-kernel</filename>.
+ Metadata can exist for multiple formfactors, graphics
+ support systems, and so forth.
+ <note>
+ While the figure shows several <filename>recipes-*</filename>
+ directories, not all these directories appear in all
+ BSP layers.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="software-layer">
+ <title>Software Layer</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The software layer provides the Metadata for additional
+ software packages used during the build.
+ This layer does not include Metadata that is specific to the
+ distribution or the machine, which are found in their
+ respective layers.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This layer contains any new recipes that your project needs
+ in the form of recipe files.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sources-dev-environment">
+ <title>Sources</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In order for the OpenEmbedded build system to create an image or
+ any target, it must be able to access source files.
+ The
+ <link linkend='general-yocto-environment-figure'>general Yocto Project Development Environment figure</link>
+ represents source files using the "Upstream Project Releases",
+ "Local Projects", and "SCMs (optional)" boxes.
+ The figure represents mirrors, which also play a role in locating
+ source files, with the "Source Mirror(s)" box.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The method by which source files are ultimately organized is
+ a function of the project.
+ For example, for released software, projects tend to use tarballs
+ or other archived files that can capture the state of a release
+ guaranteeing that it is statically represented.
+ On the other hand, for a project that is more dynamic or
+ experimental in nature, a project might keep source files in a
+ repository controlled by a Source Control Manager (SCM) such as
+ Git.
+ Pulling source from a repository allows you to control
+ the point in the repository (the revision) from which you want to
+ build software.
+ Finally, a combination of the two might exist, which would give the
+ consumer a choice when deciding where to get source files.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake uses the
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>
+ variable to point to source files regardless of their location.
+ Each recipe must have a <filename>SRC_URI</filename> variable
+ that points to the source.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Another area that plays a significant role in where source files
+ come from is pointed to by the
+ <link linkend='var-DL_DIR'><filename>DL_DIR</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ This area is a cache that can hold previously downloaded source.
+ You can also instruct the OpenEmbedded build system to create
+ tarballs from Git repositories, which is not the default behavior,
+ and store them in the <filename>DL_DIR</filename> by using the
+ <link linkend='var-BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS'><filename>BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Judicious use of a <filename>DL_DIR</filename> directory can
+ save the build system a trip across the Internet when looking
+ for files.
+ A good method for using a download directory is to have
+ <filename>DL_DIR</filename> point to an area outside of your
+ Build Directory.
+ Doing so allows you to safely delete the Build Directory
+ if needed without fear of removing any downloaded source file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The remainder of this section provides a deeper look into the
+ source files and the mirrors.
+ Here is a more detailed look at the source file area of the
+ base figure:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/source-input.png" align="center" width="7in" depth="7.5in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='upstream-project-releases'>
+ <title>Upstream Project Releases</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Upstream project releases exist anywhere in the form of an
+ archived file (e.g. tarball or zip file).
+ These files correspond to individual recipes.
+ For example, the figure uses specific releases each for
+ BusyBox, Qt, and Dbus.
+ An archive file can be for any released product that can be
+ built using a recipe.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='local-projects'>
+ <title>Local Projects</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Local projects are custom bits of software the user provides.
+ These bits reside somewhere local to a project - perhaps
+ a directory into which the user checks in items (e.g.
+ a local directory containing a development source tree
+ used by the group).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The canonical method through which to include a local project
+ is to use the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-externalsrc'><filename>externalsrc</filename></link>
+ class to include that local project.
+ You use either the <filename>local.conf</filename> or a
+ recipe's append file to override or set the
+ recipe to point to the local directory on your disk to pull
+ in the whole source tree.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on how to use the
+ <filename>externalsrc</filename> class, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-externalsrc'><filename>externalsrc.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='scms'>
+ <title>Source Control Managers (Optional)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Another place the build system can get source files from is
+ through an SCM such as Git or Subversion.
+ In this case, a repository is cloned or checked out.
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-fetch'><filename>do_fetch</filename></link>
+ task inside BitBake uses
+ the <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>
+ variable and the argument's prefix to determine the correct
+ fetcher module.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ For information on how to have the OpenEmbedded build system
+ generate tarballs for Git repositories and place them in the
+ <link linkend='var-DL_DIR'><filename>DL_DIR</filename></link>
+ directory, see the
+ <link linkend='var-BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS'><filename>BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ When fetching a repository, BitBake uses the
+ <link linkend='var-SRCREV'><filename>SRCREV</filename></link>
+ variable to determine the specific revision from which to
+ build.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='source-mirrors'>
+ <title>Source Mirror(s)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Two kinds of mirrors exist: pre-mirrors and regular mirrors.
+ The <link linkend='var-PREMIRRORS'><filename>PREMIRRORS</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-MIRRORS'><filename>MIRRORS</filename></link>
+ variables point to these, respectively.
+ BitBake checks pre-mirrors before looking upstream for any
+ source files.
+ Pre-mirrors are appropriate when you have a shared directory
+ that is not a directory defined by the
+ <link linkend='var-DL_DIR'><filename>DL_DIR</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ A Pre-mirror typically points to a shared directory that is
+ local to your organization.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Regular mirrors can be any site across the Internet that is
+ used as an alternative location for source code should the
+ primary site not be functioning for some reason or another.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="package-feeds-dev-environment">
+ <title>Package Feeds</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When the OpenEmbedded build system generates an image or an SDK,
+ it gets the packages from a package feed area located in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ The
+ <link linkend='general-yocto-environment-figure'>general Yocto Project Development Environment figure</link>
+ shows this package feeds area in the upper-right corner.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This section looks a little closer into the package feeds area used
+ by the build system.
+ Here is a more detailed look at the area:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/package-feeds.png" align="center" width="7in" depth="6in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Package feeds are an intermediary step in the build process.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system provides classes to generate
+ different package types, and you specify which classes to enable
+ through the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ Before placing the packages into package feeds,
+ the build process validates them with generated output quality
+ assurance checks through the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The package feed area resides in the Build Directory.
+ The directory the build system uses to temporarily store packages
+ is determined by a combination of variables and the particular
+ package manager in use.
+ See the "Package Feeds" box in the illustration and note the
+ information to the right of that area.
+ In particular, the following defines where package files are
+ kept:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR</filename></link>:
+ Defined as <filename>tmp/deploy</filename> in the Build
+ Directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_*</filename>:
+ Depending on the package manager used, the package type
+ sub-folder.
+ Given RPM, IPK, or DEB packaging and tarball creation, the
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_RPM'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_RPM</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_IPK'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IPK</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_DEB'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_DEB</filename></link>,
+ or
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_TAR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_TAR</filename></link>,
+ variables are used, respectively.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-PACKAGE_ARCH'><filename>PACKAGE_ARCH</filename></link>:
+ Defines architecture-specific sub-folders.
+ For example, packages could exist for the i586 or qemux86
+ architectures.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake uses the <filename>do_package_write_*</filename> tasks to
+ generate packages and place them into the package holding area (e.g.
+ <filename>do_package_write_ipk</filename> for IPK packages).
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='ref-tasks-package_write_deb'><filename>do_package_write_deb</filename></link>",
+ "<link linkend='ref-tasks-package_write_ipk'><filename>do_package_write_ipk</filename></link>",
+ "<link linkend='ref-tasks-package_write_rpm'><filename>do_package_write_rpm</filename></link>",
+ and
+ "<link linkend='ref-tasks-package_write_tar'><filename>do_package_write_tar</filename></link>"
+ sections for additional information.
+ As an example, consider a scenario where an IPK packaging manager
+ is being used and package architecture support for both i586
+ and qemux86 exist.
+ Packages for the i586 architecture are placed in
+ <filename>build/tmp/deploy/ipk/i586</filename>, while packages for
+ the qemux86 architecture are placed in
+ <filename>build/tmp/deploy/ipk/qemux86</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='bitbake-dev-environment'>
+ <title>BitBake</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
+ to produce images.
+ You can see from the
+ <link linkend='general-yocto-environment-figure'>general Yocto Project Development Environment figure</link>,
+ the BitBake area consists of several functional areas.
+ This section takes a closer look at each of those areas.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Separate documentation exists for the BitBake tool.
+ See the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>
+ for reference material on BitBake.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='source-fetching-dev-environment'>
+ <title>Source Fetching</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The first stages of building a recipe are to fetch and unpack
+ the source code:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/source-fetching.png" align="center" width="6.5in" depth="5in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-fetch'><filename>do_fetch</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-unpack'><filename>do_unpack</filename></link>
+ tasks fetch the source files and unpack them into the work
+ directory.
+ <note>
+ For every local file (e.g. <filename>file://</filename>)
+ that is part of a recipe's
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>
+ statement, the OpenEmbedded build system takes a checksum
+ of the file for the recipe and inserts the checksum into
+ the signature for the <filename>do_fetch</filename>.
+ If any local file has been modified, the
+ <filename>do_fetch</filename> task and all tasks that
+ depend on it are re-executed.
+ </note>
+ By default, everything is accomplished in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
+ which has a defined structure.
+ For additional general information on the Build Directory,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='structure-core-build'><filename>build/</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Unpacked source files are pointed to by the
+ <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link> variable.
+ Each recipe has an area in the Build Directory where the
+ unpacked source code resides.
+ The name of that directory for any given recipe is defined from
+ several different variables.
+ You can see the variables that define these directories
+ by looking at the figure:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link> -
+ The base directory where the OpenEmbedded build system
+ performs all its work during the build.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-PACKAGE_ARCH'><filename>PACKAGE_ARCH</filename></link> -
+ The architecture of the built package or packages.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-TARGET_OS'><filename>TARGET_OS</filename></link> -
+ The operating system of the target device.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link> -
+ The name of the built package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></link> -
+ The version of the recipe used to build the package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link> -
+ The revision of the recipe used to build the package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link> -
+ The location within <filename>TMPDIR</filename> where
+ a specific package is built.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link> -
+ Contains the unpacked source files for a given recipe.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='patching-dev-environment'>
+ <title>Patching</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once source code is fetched and unpacked, BitBake locates
+ patch files and applies them to the source files:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/patching.png" align="center" width="6in" depth="5in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-patch'><filename>do_patch</filename></link>
+ task processes recipes by
+ using the
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>
+ variable to locate applicable patch files, which by default
+ are <filename>*.patch</filename> or
+ <filename>*.diff</filename> files, or any file if
+ "apply=yes" is specified for the file in
+ <filename>SRC_URI</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake finds and applies multiple patches for a single recipe
+ in the order in which it finds the patches.
+ Patches are applied to the recipe's source files located in the
+ <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link> directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on how the source directories are
+ created, see the
+ "<link linkend='source-fetching-dev-environment'>Source Fetching</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='configuration-and-compilation-dev-environment'>
+ <title>Configuration and Compilation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ After source code is patched, BitBake executes tasks that
+ configure and compile the source code:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/configuration-compile-autoreconf.png" align="center" width="7in" depth="5in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This step in the build process consists of three tasks:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>do_configure</filename>:</emphasis>
+ This task configures the source by enabling and
+ disabling any build-time and configuration options for
+ the software being built.
+ Configurations can come from the recipe itself as well
+ as from an inherited class.
+ Additionally, the software itself might configure itself
+ depending on the target for which it is being built.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>The configurations handled by the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ task are specific
+ to source code configuration for the source code
+ being built by the recipe.</para>
+
+ <para>If you are using the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></link>
+ class,
+ you can add additional configuration options by using
+ the <link linkend='var-EXTRA_OECONF'><filename>EXTRA_OECONF</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ For information on how this variable works within
+ that class, see the
+ <filename>meta/classes/autotools.bbclass</filename> file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>do_compile</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Once a configuration task has been satisfied, BitBake
+ compiles the source using the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ task.
+ Compilation occurs in the directory pointed to by the
+ <link linkend='var-B'><filename>B</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ Realize that the <filename>B</filename> directory is, by
+ default, the same as the
+ <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link>
+ directory.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>do_install</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Once compilation is done, BitBake executes the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task.
+ This task copies files from the <filename>B</filename>
+ directory and places them in a holding area pointed to
+ by the
+ <link linkend='var-D'><filename>D</filename></link>
+ variable.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='package-splitting-dev-environment'>
+ <title>Package Splitting</title>
+
+ <para>
+ After source code is configured and compiled, the
+ OpenEmbedded build system analyzes
+ the results and splits the output into packages:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysis-for-package-splitting.png" align="center" width="7in" depth="7in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package'><filename>do_package</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-packagedata'><filename>do_packagedata</filename></link>
+ tasks combine to analyze
+ the files found in the
+ <link linkend='var-D'><filename>D</filename></link> directory
+ and split them into subsets based on available packages and
+ files.
+ The analyzing process involves the following as well as other
+ items: splitting out debugging symbols,
+ looking at shared library dependencies between packages,
+ and looking at package relationships.
+ The <filename>do_packagedata</filename> task creates package
+ metadata based on the analysis such that the
+ OpenEmbedded build system can generate the final packages.
+ Working, staged, and intermediate results of the analysis
+ and package splitting process use these areas:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-PKGD'><filename>PKGD</filename></link> -
+ The destination directory for packages before they are
+ split.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-PKGDATA_DIR'><filename>PKGDATA_DIR</filename></link> -
+ A shared, global-state directory that holds data
+ generated during the packaging process.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-PKGDESTWORK'><filename>PKGDESTWORK</filename></link> -
+ A temporary work area used by the
+ <filename>do_package</filename> task.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-PKGDEST'><filename>PKGDEST</filename></link> -
+ The parent directory for packages after they have
+ been split.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ The <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>
+ variable defines the files that go into each package in
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></link>.
+ If you want details on how this is accomplished, you can
+ look at the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package'><filename>package</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Depending on the type of packages being created (RPM, DEB, or
+ IPK), the <filename>do_package_write_*</filename> task
+ creates the actual packages and places them in the
+ Package Feed area, which is
+ <filename>${TMPDIR}/deploy</filename>.
+ You can see the
+ "<link linkend='package-feeds-dev-environment'>Package Feeds</link>"
+ section for more detail on that part of the build process.
+ <note>
+ Support for creating feeds directly from the
+ <filename>deploy/*</filename> directories does not exist.
+ Creating such feeds usually requires some kind of feed
+ maintenance mechanism that would upload the new packages
+ into an official package feed (e.g. the
+ Ångström distribution).
+ This functionality is highly distribution-specific
+ and thus is not provided out of the box.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='image-generation-dev-environment'>
+ <title>Image Generation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once packages are split and stored in the Package Feeds area,
+ the OpenEmbedded build system uses BitBake to generate the
+ root filesystem image:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/image-generation.png" align="center" width="6in" depth="7in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The image generation process consists of several stages and
+ depends on many variables.
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-rootfs'><filename>do_rootfs</filename></link>
+ task uses these key variables
+ to help create the list of packages to actually install:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename></link>:
+ Lists out the base set of packages to install from
+ the Package Feeds area.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-PACKAGE_EXCLUDE'><filename>PACKAGE_EXCLUDE</filename></link>:
+ Specifies packages that should not be installed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>:
+ Specifies features to include in the image.
+ Most of these features map to additional packages for
+ installation.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>:
+ Specifies the package backend to use and consequently
+ helps determine where to locate packages within the
+ Package Feeds area.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-IMAGE_LINGUAS'><filename>IMAGE_LINGUAS</filename></link>:
+ Determines the language(s) for which additional
+ language support packages are installed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Package installation is under control of the package manager
+ (e.g. smart/rpm, opkg, or apt/dpkg) regardless of whether or
+ not package management is enabled for the target.
+ At the end of the process, if package management is not
+ enabled for the target, the package manager's data files
+ are deleted from the root filesystem.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ During image generation, the build system attempts to run
+ all post-installation scripts.
+ Any that fail to run on the build host are run on the
+ target when the target system is first booted.
+ If you are using a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-a-read-only-root-filesystem'>read-only root filesystem</ulink>,
+ all the post installation scripts must succeed during the
+ package installation phase since the root filesystem is
+ read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ During Optimization, optimizing processes are run across
+ the image.
+ These processes include <filename>mklibs</filename> and
+ <filename>prelink</filename>.
+ The <filename>mklibs</filename> process optimizes the size
+ of the libraries.
+ A <filename>prelink</filename> process optimizes the dynamic
+ linking of shared libraries to reduce start up time of
+ executables.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Along with writing out the root filesystem image, the
+ <filename>do_rootfs</filename> task creates a manifest file
+ (<filename>.manifest</filename>) in the same directory as
+ the root filesystem image that lists out, line-by-line, the
+ installed packages.
+ This manifest file is useful for the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-testimage'><filename>testimage</filename></link>
+ class, for example, to determine whether or not to run
+ specific tests.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_MANIFEST'><filename>IMAGE_MANIFEST</filename></link>
+ variable for additional information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Part of the image generation process includes compressing the
+ root filesystem image.
+ Compression is accomplished through several optimization
+ routines designed to reduce the overall size of the image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ After the root filesystem has been constructed, the image
+ generation process turns everything into an image file or
+ a set of image files.
+ The formats used for the root filesystem depend on the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ The entire image generation process is run under Pseudo.
+ Running under Pseudo ensures that the files in the root
+ filesystem have correct ownership.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='sdk-generation-dev-environment'>
+ <title>SDK Generation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses BitBake to generate the
+ Software Development Kit (SDK) installer script:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/sdk-generation.png" align="center" width="6in" depth="7in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ For more information on the cross-development toolchain
+ generation, see the
+ "<link linkend='cross-development-toolchain-generation'>Cross-Development Toolchain Generation</link>"
+ section.
+ For information on advantages gained when building a
+ cross-development toolchain using the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-populate_sdk'><filename>do_populate_sdk</filename></link>
+ task, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#optionally-building-a-toolchain-installer'>Optionally Building a Toolchain Installer</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ Like image generation, the SDK script process consists of
+ several stages and depends on many variables.
+ The <filename>do_populate_sdk</filename> task uses these
+ key variables to help create the list of packages to actually
+ install.
+ For information on the variables listed in the figure, see the
+ "<link linkend='sdk-dev-environment'>Application Development SDK</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>do_populate_sdk</filename> task handles two
+ parts: a target part and a host part.
+ The target part is the part built for the target hardware and
+ includes libraries and headers.
+ The host part is the part of the SDK that runs on the
+ <link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once both parts are constructed, the
+ <filename>do_populate_sdk</filename> task performs some cleanup
+ on both parts.
+ After the cleanup, the task creates a cross-development
+ environment setup script and any configuration files that
+ might be needed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The final output of the task is the Cross-development
+ toolchain installation script (<filename>.sh</filename> file),
+ which includes the environment setup script.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='images-dev-environment'>
+ <title>Images</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The images produced by the OpenEmbedded build system
+ are compressed forms of the
+ root filesystem that are ready to boot on a target device.
+ You can see from the
+ <link linkend='general-yocto-environment-figure'>general Yocto Project Development Environment figure</link>
+ that BitBake output, in part, consists of images.
+ This section is going to look more closely at this output:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/images.png" align="center" width="5.5in" depth="5.5in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For a list of example images that the Yocto Project provides,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-images'>Images</link>" chapter.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Images are written out to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ inside the <filename>tmp/deploy/images/<replaceable>machine</replaceable>/</filename>
+ folder as shown in the figure.
+ This folder contains any files expected to be loaded on the
+ target device.
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR</filename></link>
+ variable points to the <filename>deploy</filename> directory,
+ while the
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE</filename></link>
+ variable points to the appropriate directory containing images for
+ the current configuration.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename><replaceable>kernel-image</replaceable></filename>:
+ A kernel binary file.
+ The <link linkend='var-KERNEL_IMAGETYPE'><filename>KERNEL_IMAGETYPE</filename></link>
+ variable setting determines the naming scheme for the
+ kernel image file.
+ Depending on that variable, the file could begin with
+ a variety of naming strings.
+ The <filename>deploy/images/<replaceable>machine</replaceable></filename>
+ directory can contain multiple image files for the
+ machine.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><replaceable>root-filesystem-image</replaceable></filename>:
+ Root filesystems for the target device (e.g.
+ <filename>*.ext3</filename> or <filename>*.bz2</filename>
+ files).
+ The <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>
+ variable setting determines the root filesystem image
+ type.
+ The <filename>deploy/images/<replaceable>machine</replaceable></filename>
+ directory can contain multiple root filesystems for the
+ machine.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><replaceable>kernel-modules</replaceable></filename>:
+ Tarballs that contain all the modules built for the kernel.
+ Kernel module tarballs exist for legacy purposes and
+ can be suppressed by setting the
+ <link linkend='var-MODULE_TARBALL_DEPLOY'><filename>MODULE_TARBALL_DEPLOY</filename></link>
+ variable to "0".
+ The <filename>deploy/images/<replaceable>machine</replaceable></filename>
+ directory can contain multiple kernel module tarballs
+ for the machine.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><replaceable>bootloaders</replaceable></filename>:
+ Bootloaders supporting the image, if applicable to the
+ target machine.
+ The <filename>deploy/images/<replaceable>machine</replaceable></filename>
+ directory can contain multiple bootloaders for the
+ machine.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><replaceable>symlinks</replaceable></filename>:
+ The <filename>deploy/images/<replaceable>machine</replaceable></filename>
+ folder contains
+ a symbolic link that points to the most recently built file
+ for each machine.
+ These links might be useful for external scripts that
+ need to obtain the latest version of each file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='sdk-dev-environment'>
+ <title>Application Development SDK</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In the
+ <link linkend='general-yocto-environment-figure'>general Yocto Project Development Environment figure</link>,
+ the output labeled "Application Development SDK" represents an
+ SDK.
+ This section is going to take a closer look at this output:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/sdk.png" align="center" width="5in" depth="4in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specific form of this output is a self-extracting
+ SDK installer (<filename>*.sh</filename>) that, when run,
+ installs the SDK, which consists of a cross-development
+ toolchain, a set of libraries and headers, and an SDK
+ environment setup script.
+ Running this installer essentially sets up your
+ cross-development environment.
+ You can think of the cross-toolchain as the "host"
+ part because it runs on the SDK machine.
+ You can think of the libraries and headers as the "target"
+ part because they are built for the target hardware.
+ The setup script is added so that you can initialize the
+ environment before using the tools.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project supports several methods by which you can
+ set up this cross-development environment.
+ These methods include downloading pre-built SDK installers,
+ building and installing your own SDK installer, or running
+ an Application Development Toolkit (ADT) installer to
+ install not just cross-development toolchains
+ but also additional tools to help in this type of
+ development.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For background information on cross-development toolchains
+ in the Yocto Project development environment, see the
+ "<link linkend='cross-development-toolchain-generation'>Cross-Development Toolchain Generation</link>"
+ section.
+ For information on setting up a cross-development
+ environment, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#installing-the-adt'>Installing the ADT and Toolchains</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ Once built, the SDK installers are written out to the
+ <filename>deploy/sdk</filename> folder inside the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ as shown in the figure at the beginning of this section.
+ Several variables exist that help configure these files:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR</filename></link>:
+ Points to the <filename>deploy</filename>
+ directory.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>:
+ Specifies the architecture of the machine
+ on which the cross-development tools are run to
+ create packages for the target hardware.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-SDKIMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>SDKIMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>:
+ Lists the features to include in the "target" part
+ of the SDK.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-TOOLCHAIN_HOST_TASK'><filename>TOOLCHAIN_HOST_TASK</filename></link>:
+ Lists packages that make up the host
+ part of the SDK (i.e. the part that runs on
+ the <filename>SDKMACHINE</filename>).
+ When you use
+ <filename>bitbake -c populate_sdk <replaceable>imagename</replaceable></filename>
+ to create the SDK, a set of default packages
+ apply.
+ This variable allows you to add more packages.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-TOOLCHAIN_TARGET_TASK'><filename>TOOLCHAIN_TARGET_TASK</filename></link>:
+ Lists packages that make up the target part
+ of the SDK (i.e. the part built for the
+ target hardware).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-SDKPATH'><filename>SDKPATH</filename></link>:
+ Defines the default SDK installation path offered by the
+ installation script.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/examples/hello-autotools/hello_2.3.bb b/documentation/ref-manual/examples/hello-autotools/hello_2.3.bb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dfb0b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/examples/hello-autotools/hello_2.3.bb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+DESCRIPTION = "GNU Helloworld application"
+SECTION = "examples"
+LICENSE = "GPLv3"
+LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://COPYING;md5=adefda309052235aa5d1e99ce7557010"
+
+SRC_URI = "${GNU_MIRROR}/hello/hello-${PV}.tar.bz2"
+
+inherit autotools
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/examples/hello-single/files/helloworld.c b/documentation/ref-manual/examples/hello-single/files/helloworld.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc7169b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/examples/hello-single/files/helloworld.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+ printf("Hello world!\n");
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/examples/hello-single/hello.bb b/documentation/ref-manual/examples/hello-single/hello.bb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0812743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/examples/hello-single/hello.bb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+DESCRIPTION = "Simple helloworld application"
+SECTION = "examples"
+LICENSE = "MIT"
+LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://${COMMON_LICENSE_DIR}/MIT;md5=0835ade698e0bcf8506ecda2f7b4f302"
+
+SRC_URI = "file://helloworld.c"
+
+S = "${WORKDIR}"
+
+do_compile() {
+ ${CC} helloworld.c -o helloworld
+}
+
+do_install() {
+ install -d ${D}${bindir}
+ install -m 0755 helloworld ${D}${bindir}
+}
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/examples/libxpm/libxpm_3.5.6.bb b/documentation/ref-manual/examples/libxpm/libxpm_3.5.6.bb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b58d4d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/examples/libxpm/libxpm_3.5.6.bb
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+require xorg-lib-common.inc
+
+DESCRIPTION = "X11 Pixmap library"
+LICENSE = "X-BSD"
+LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://COPYING;md5=3e07763d16963c3af12db271a31abaa5"
+DEPENDS += "libxext"
+PR = "r2"
+PE = "1"
+
+XORG_PN = "libXpm"
+
+PACKAGES =+ "sxpm cxpm"
+FILES_cxpm = "${bindir}/cxpm"
+FILES_sxpm = "${bindir}/sxpm"
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/examples/mtd-makefile/mtd-utils_1.0.0.bb b/documentation/ref-manual/examples/mtd-makefile/mtd-utils_1.0.0.bb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d05a43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/examples/mtd-makefile/mtd-utils_1.0.0.bb
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+DESCRIPTION = "Tools for managing memory technology devices."
+SECTION = "base"
+DEPENDS = "zlib"
+HOMEPAGE = "http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/"
+LICENSE = "GPLv2"
+LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://COPYING;md5=0636e73ff0215e8d672dc4c32c317bb3 \
+ file://include/common.h;beginline=1;endline=17;md5=ba05b07912a44ea2bf81ce409380049c"
+
+SRC_URI = "ftp://ftp.infradead.org/pub/mtd-utils/mtd-utils-${PV}.tar.gz"
+
+CFLAGS_prepend = "-I ${S}/include "
+
+do_install() {
+ oe_runmake install DESTDIR=${D}
+}
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/faq.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/faq.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..197d490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/faq.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,817 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='faq'>
+<title>FAQ</title>
+<qandaset>
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How does Poky differ from <ulink url='&OE_HOME_URL;'>OpenEmbedded</ulink>?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ The term "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#poky'>Poky</ulink>"
+ refers to the specific reference build system that
+ the Yocto Project provides.
+ Poky is based on <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#oe-core'>OE-Core</ulink>
+ and <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>.
+ Thus, the generic term used here for the build system is
+ the "OpenEmbedded build system."
+ Development in the Yocto Project using Poky is closely tied to OpenEmbedded, with
+ changes always being merged to OE-Core or BitBake first before being pulled back
+ into Poky.
+ This practice benefits both projects immediately.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para id='faq-not-meeting-requirements'>
+ My development system does not meet the
+ required Git, tar, and Python versions.
+ In particular, I do not have Python 2.7.3 or greater, or
+ I do have Python 3.x, which is specifically not supported by
+ the Yocto Project.
+ Can I still use the Yocto Project?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ You can get the required tools on your host development
+ system a couple different ways (i.e. building a tarball or
+ downloading a tarball).
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</link>"
+ section for steps on how to update your build tools.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How can you claim Poky / OpenEmbedded-Core is stable?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ There are three areas that help with stability;
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The Yocto Project team keeps
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#oe-core'>OE-Core</ulink> small
+ and focused, containing around 830 recipes as opposed to the thousands
+ available in other OpenEmbedded community layers.
+ Keeping it small makes it easy to test and maintain.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The Yocto Project team runs manual and automated tests
+ using a small, fixed set of reference hardware as well as emulated
+ targets.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The Yocto Project uses an autobuilder,
+ which provides continuous build and integration tests.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I get support for my board added to the Yocto Project?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ Support for an additional board is added by creating a
+ Board Support Package (BSP) layer for it.
+ For more information on how to create a BSP layer, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding and Creating Layers</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual and the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;'>Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Usually, if the board is not completely exotic, adding support in
+ the Yocto Project is fairly straightforward.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ Are there any products built using the OpenEmbedded build system?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ The software running on the <ulink url='http://vernier.com/labquest/'>Vernier LabQuest</ulink>
+ is built using the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ See the <ulink url='http://www.vernier.com/products/interfaces/labq/'>Vernier LabQuest</ulink>
+ website for more information.
+ There are a number of pre-production devices using the OpenEmbedded build system
+ and the Yocto Project team
+ announces them as soon as they are released.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ What does the OpenEmbedded build system produce as output?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ Because you can use the same set of recipes to create output of
+ various formats, the output of an OpenEmbedded build depends on
+ how you start it.
+ Usually, the output is a flashable image ready for the target
+ device.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I add my package to the Yocto Project?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ To add a package, you need to create a BitBake recipe.
+ For information on how to create a BitBake recipe, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#new-recipe-writing-a-new-recipe'>Writing a New Recipe</ulink>"
+ in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ Do I have to reflash my entire board with a new Yocto Project image when recompiling
+ a package?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system can build packages in various
+ formats such as IPK for OPKG, Debian package
+ (<filename>.deb</filename>), or RPM.
+ You can then upgrade the packages using the package tools on
+ the device, much like on a desktop distribution such as
+ Ubuntu or Fedora.
+ However, package management on the target is entirely optional.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ I see the error '<filename>chmod: XXXXX new permissions are r-xrwxrwx, not r-xr-xr-x</filename>'.
+ What is wrong?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ You are probably running the build on an NTFS filesystem.
+ Use <filename>ext2</filename>, <filename>ext3</filename>, or <filename>ext4</filename> instead.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+<!-- <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I make the Yocto Project work in RHEL/CentOS?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ To get the Yocto Project working under RHEL/CentOS 5.1 you need to first
+ install some required packages.
+ The standard CentOS packages needed are:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>"Development tools" (selected during installation)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>texi2html</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>compat-gcc-34</filename></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ On top of these, you need the following external packages:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>python-sqlite2</filename> from
+ <ulink url='http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/python-sqlite2/'>DAG repository</ulink>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>help2man</filename> from
+ <ulink url='http://centos.karan.org/el4/extras/stable/x86_64/RPMS/repodata/repoview/help2man-0-1.33.1-2.html'>Karan repository</ulink></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once these packages are installed, the OpenEmbedded build system will be able
+ to build standard images.
+ However, there might be a problem with the QEMU emulator segfaulting.
+ You can either disable the generation of binary locales by setting
+ <filename><link linkend='var-ENABLE_BINARY_LOCALE_GENERATION'>ENABLE_BINARY_LOCALE_GENERATION</link>
+ </filename> to "0" or by removing the <filename>linux-2.6-execshield.patch</filename>
+ from the kernel and rebuilding it since that is the patch that causes the problems with QEMU.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>For information on distributions that the Yocto Project
+ uses during validation, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/Distribution_Support'>Distribution Support</ulink>
+ Wiki page.</para>
+ <para>For notes about using the Yocto Project on a RHEL 4-based
+ host, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/BuildingOnRHEL4'>Building on RHEL4</ulink>
+ Wiki page.</para>
+ </note>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry> -->
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ I see lots of 404 responses for files on
+ <filename>&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/sources/*</filename>. Is something wrong?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ Nothing is wrong.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system checks any configured source mirrors before downloading
+ from the upstream sources.
+ The build system does this searching for both source archives and
+ pre-checked out versions of SCM-managed software.
+ These checks help in large installations because it can reduce load on the SCM servers
+ themselves.
+ The address above is one of the default mirrors configured into the
+ build system.
+ Consequently, if an upstream source disappears, the team
+ can place sources there so builds continue to work.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ I have machine-specific data in a package for one machine only but the package is
+ being marked as machine-specific in all cases, how do I prevent this?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ Set <filename><link linkend='var-SRC_URI_OVERRIDES_PACKAGE_ARCH'>SRC_URI_OVERRIDES_PACKAGE_ARCH</link>
+ </filename> = "0" in the <filename>.bb</filename> file but make sure the package is
+ manually marked as
+ machine-specific for the case that needs it.
+ The code that handles
+ <filename>SRC_URI_OVERRIDES_PACKAGE_ARCH</filename> is in
+ the <filename>meta/classes/base.bbclass</filename> file.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ I'm behind a firewall and need to use a proxy server. How do I do that?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ Most source fetching by the OpenEmbedded build system is done by <filename>wget</filename>
+ and you therefore need to specify the proxy settings in a
+ <filename>.wgetrc</filename> file in your home directory.
+ Here are some example settings:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ http_proxy = http://proxy.yoyodyne.com:18023/
+ ftp_proxy = http://proxy.yoyodyne.com:18023/
+ </literallayout>
+ The Yocto Project also includes a
+ <filename>site.conf.sample</filename> file that shows how to
+ configure CVS and Git proxy servers if needed.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ What’s the difference between <replaceable>target</replaceable> and <replaceable>target</replaceable><filename>-native</filename>?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ The <filename>*-native</filename> targets are designed to run on the system
+ being used for the build.
+ These are usually tools that are needed to assist the build in some way such as
+ <filename>quilt-native</filename>, which is used to apply patches.
+ The non-native version is the one that runs on the target device.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ I'm seeing random build failures. Help?!
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ If the same build is failing in totally different and random
+ ways, the most likely explanation is:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The hardware you are running the build on
+ has some problem.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You are running the build under
+ virtualization, in which case the virtualization
+ probably has bugs.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system processes a massive amount of
+ data that causes lots of network, disk and CPU activity and
+ is sensitive to even single-bit failures in any of these areas.
+ True random failures have always been traced back to hardware
+ or virtualization issues.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ When I try to build a native recipe, the build fails with <filename>iconv.h</filename> problems.
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ If you get an error message that indicates GNU
+ <filename>libiconv</filename> is not in use but
+ <filename>iconv.h</filename> has been included from
+ <filename>libiconv</filename>, you need to check to see if
+ you have a previously installed version of the header file
+ in <filename>/usr/local/include</filename>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ #error GNU libiconv not in use but included iconv.h is from libiconv
+ </literallayout>
+ If you find a previously installed file, you should either
+ uninstall it or temporarily rename it and try the build again.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This issue is just a single manifestation of "system
+ leakage" issues caused when the OpenEbedded build system
+ finds and uses previously installed files during a native
+ build.
+ This type of issue might not be limited to
+ <filename>iconv.h</filename>.
+ Be sure that leakage cannot occur from
+ <filename>/usr/local/include</filename> and
+ <filename>/opt</filename> locations.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ What do we need to ship for license compliance?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ This is a difficult question and you need to consult your lawyer
+ for the answer for your specific case.
+ It is worth bearing in mind that for GPL compliance, there needs
+ to be enough information shipped to allow someone else to
+ rebuild and produce the same end result you are shipping.
+ This means sharing the source code, any patches applied to it,
+ and also any configuration information about how that package
+ was configured and built.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find more information on licensing in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#licensing'>Licensing</ulink>"
+ and "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#maintaining-open-source-license-compliance-during-your-products-lifecycle'>Maintaining Open Source License Compliance During Your Product's Lifecycle</ulink>"
+ sections, both of which are in the Yocto Project Development
+ Manual.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I disable the cursor on my touchscreen device?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ You need to create a form factor file as described in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-filelayout-misc-recipes'>Miscellaneous BSP-Specific Recipe Files</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP)
+ Developer's Guide.
+ Set the <filename>HAVE_TOUCHSCREEN</filename> variable equal to
+ one as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ HAVE_TOUCHSCREEN=1
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I make sure connected network interfaces are brought up by default?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ The default interfaces file provided by the netbase recipe does not
+ automatically bring up network interfaces.
+ Therefore, you will need to add a BSP-specific netbase that includes an interfaces
+ file.
+ See the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-filelayout-misc-recipes'>Miscellaneous BSP-Specific Recipe Files</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP)
+ Developer's Guide for information on creating these types of
+ miscellaneous recipe files.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ For example, add the following files to your layer:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ meta-MACHINE/recipes-bsp/netbase/netbase/MACHINE/interfaces
+ meta-MACHINE/recipes-bsp/netbase/netbase_5.0.bbappend
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I create images with more free space?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system creates images
+ that are 1.3 times the size of the populated root filesystem.
+ To affect the image size, you need to set various
+ configurations:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Image Size:</emphasis>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE'><filename>IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE</filename></link>
+ variable to define the size of the image in Kbytes.
+ The build system determines the size by taking into
+ account the initial root filesystem size before any
+ modifications such as requested size for the image and
+ any requested additional free disk space to be
+ added to the image.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Overhead:</emphasis>
+ Use the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR'><filename>IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR</filename></link>
+ variable to define the multiplier that the build system
+ applies to the initial image size, which is 1.3 by
+ default.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Additional Free Space:</emphasis>
+ Use the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE'><filename>IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE</filename></link>
+ variable to add additional free space to the image.
+ The build system adds this space to the image after
+ it determines its
+ <filename>IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ Why don't you support directories with spaces in the pathnames?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project team has tried to do this before but too
+ many of the tools the OpenEmbedded build system depends on,
+ such as <filename>autoconf</filename>, break when they find
+ spaces in pathnames.
+ Until that situation changes, the team will not support spaces
+ in pathnames.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ How do I use an external toolchain?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ The toolchain configuration is very flexible and customizable.
+ It is primarily controlled with the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-TCMODE'>TCMODE</link></filename>
+ variable.
+ This variable controls which <filename>tcmode-*.inc</filename>
+ file to include from the
+ <filename>meta/conf/distro/include</filename> directory within
+ the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value of <filename>TCMODE</filename> is "default",
+ which tells the OpenEmbedded build system to use its internally
+ built toolchain (i.e. <filename>tcmode-default.inc</filename>).
+ However, other patterns are accepted.
+ In particular, "external-*" refers to external toolchains.
+ One example is the Sourcery G++ Toolchain.
+ The support for this toolchain resides in the separate
+ <filename>meta-sourcery</filename> layer at
+ <ulink url='http://github.com/MentorEmbedded/meta-sourcery/'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In addition to the toolchain configuration, you also need a
+ corresponding toolchain recipe file.
+ This recipe file needs to package up any pre-built objects in
+ the toolchain such as <filename>libgcc</filename>,
+ <filename>libstdcc++</filename>, any locales, and
+ <filename>libc</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para id='how-does-the-yocto-project-obtain-source-code-and-will-it-work-behind-my-firewall-or-proxy-server'>
+ How does the OpenEmbedded build system obtain source code and
+ will it work behind my firewall or proxy server?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ The way the build system obtains source code is highly
+ configurable.
+ You can setup the build system to get source code in most
+ environments if HTTP transport is available.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ When the build system searches for source code, it first
+ tries the local download directory.
+ If that location fails, Poky tries
+ <link linkend='var-PREMIRRORS'><filename>PREMIRRORS</filename></link>,
+ the upstream source, and then
+ <link linkend='var-MIRRORS'><filename>MIRRORS</filename></link>
+ in that order.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Assuming your distribution is "poky", the OpenEmbedded build
+ system uses the Yocto Project source
+ <filename>PREMIRRORS</filename> by default for SCM-based
+ sources, upstreams for normal tarballs, and then falls back
+ to a number of other mirrors including the Yocto Project
+ source mirror if those fail.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ As an example, you could add a specific server for the
+ build system to attempt before any others by adding something
+ like the following to the <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ configuration file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PREMIRRORS_prepend = "\
+ git://.*/.* http://www.yoctoproject.org/sources/ \n \
+ ftp://.*/.* http://www.yoctoproject.org/sources/ \n \
+ http://.*/.* http://www.yoctoproject.org/sources/ \n \
+ https://.*/.* http://www.yoctoproject.org/sources/ \n"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ These changes cause the build system to intercept Git, FTP,
+ HTTP, and HTTPS requests and direct them to the
+ <filename>http://</filename> sources mirror.
+ You can use <filename>file://</filename> URLs to point to
+ local directories or network shares as well.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Aside from the previous technique, these options also exist:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_NO_NETWORK = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ This statement tells BitBake to issue an error instead of
+ trying to access the Internet.
+ This technique is useful if you want to ensure code builds
+ only from local sources.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Here is another technique:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_FETCH_PREMIRRORONLY = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ This statement limits the build system to pulling source
+ from the <filename>PREMIRRORS</filename> only.
+ Again, this technique is useful for reproducing builds.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Here is another technique:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ This statement tells the build system to generate mirror
+ tarballs.
+ This technique is useful if you want to create a mirror server.
+ If not, however, the technique can simply waste time during
+ the build.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Finally, consider an example where you are behind an
+ HTTP-only firewall.
+ You could make the following changes to the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file as long as
+ the <filename>PREMIRRORS</filename> server is current:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PREMIRRORS_prepend = "\
+ ftp://.*/.* http://www.yoctoproject.org/sources/ \n \
+ http://.*/.* http://www.yoctoproject.org/sources/ \n \
+ https://.*/.* http://www.yoctoproject.org/sources/ \n"
+ BB_FETCH_PREMIRRORONLY = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ These changes would cause the build system to successfully
+ fetch source over HTTP and any network accesses to anything
+ other than the <filename>PREMIRRORS</filename> would fail.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The build system also honors the standard shell environment
+ variables <filename>http_proxy</filename>,
+ <filename>ftp_proxy</filename>,
+ <filename>https_proxy</filename>, and
+ <filename>all_proxy</filename> to redirect requests through
+ proxy servers.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ You can find more information on the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/Working_Behind_a_Network_Proxy'>Working Behind a Network Proxy</ulink>"
+ Wiki page.
+ </note>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ Can I get rid of build output so I can start over?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ Yes - you can easily do this.
+ When you use BitBake to build an image, all the build output
+ goes into the directory created when you run the
+ build environment setup script (i.e.
+ <link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>).
+ By default, this <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ is named <filename>build</filename> but can be named
+ anything you want.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Within the Build Directory, is the <filename>tmp</filename>
+ directory.
+ To remove all the build output yet preserve any source code or
+ downloaded files from previous builds, simply remove the
+ <filename>tmp</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ Why do <filename>${bindir}</filename> and <filename>${libdir}</filename> have strange values for <filename>-native</filename> recipes?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ Executables and libraries might need to be used from a
+ directory other than the directory into which they were
+ initially installed.
+ Complicating this situation is the fact that sometimes these
+ executables and libraries are compiled with the expectation
+ of being run from that initial installation target directory.
+ If this is the case, moving them causes problems.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This scenario is a fundamental problem for package maintainers
+ of mainstream Linux distributions as well as for the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ As such, a well-established solution exists.
+ Makefiles, Autotools configuration scripts, and other build
+ systems are expected to respect environment variables such as
+ <filename>bindir</filename>, <filename>libdir</filename>,
+ and <filename>sysconfdir</filename> that indicate where
+ executables, libraries, and data reside when a program is
+ actually run.
+ They are also expected to respect a
+ <filename>DESTDIR</filename> environment variable, which is
+ prepended to all the other variables when the build system
+ actually installs the files.
+ It is understood that the program does not actually run from
+ within <filename>DESTDIR</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When the OpenEmbedded build system uses a recipe to build a
+ target-architecture program (i.e. one that is intended for
+ inclusion on the image being built), that program eventually
+ runs from the root file system of that image.
+ Thus, the build system provides a value of "/usr/bin" for
+ <filename>bindir</filename>, a value of "/usr/lib" for
+ <filename>libdir</filename>, and so forth.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Meanwhile, <filename>DESTDIR</filename> is a path within the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ However, when the recipe builds a native program (i.e. one
+ that is intended to run on the build machine), that program
+ is never installed directly to the build machine's root
+ file system.
+ Consequently, the build system uses paths within the Build
+ Directory for <filename>DESTDIR</filename>,
+ <filename>bindir</filename> and related variables.
+ To better understand this, consider the following two paths
+ where the first is relatively normal and the second is not:
+ <note>
+ Due to these lengthy examples, the paths are artificially
+ broken across lines for readability.
+ </note>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ /home/maxtothemax/poky-bootchart2/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/zlib/
+ 1.2.8-r0/sysroot-destdir/usr/bin
+
+ /home/maxtothemax/poky-bootchart2/build/tmp/work/x86_64-linux/
+ zlib-native/1.2.8-r0/sysroot-destdir/home/maxtothemax/poky-bootchart2/
+ build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux/usr/bin
+ </literallayout>
+ Even if the paths look unusual, they both are correct -
+ the first for a target and the second for a native recipe.
+ These paths are a consequence of the
+ <filename>DESTDIR</filename> mechanism and while they
+ appear strange, they are correct and in practice very effective.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>
+ The files provided by my <filename>-native</filename> recipe do
+ not appear to be available to other recipes.
+ Files are missing from the native sysroot, my recipe is
+ installing to the wrong place, or I am getting permissions
+ errors during the do_install task in my recipe! What is wrong?
+ </para>
+ </question>
+ <answer>
+ <para>
+ This situation results when a build system does
+ not recognize the environment variables supplied to it by
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>.
+ The incident that prompted this FAQ entry involved a Makefile
+ that used an environment variable named
+ <filename>BINDIR</filename> instead of the more standard
+ variable <filename>bindir</filename>.
+ The makefile's hardcoded default value of "/usr/bin" worked
+ most of the time, but not for the recipe's
+ <filename>-native</filename> variant.
+ For another example, permissions errors might be caused
+ by a Makefile that ignores <filename>DESTDIR</filename> or uses
+ a different name for that environment variable.
+ Check the the build system to see if these kinds of
+ issues exist.
+ </para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+
+</qandaset>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
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+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/introduction.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='ref-manual-intro'>
+<title>Introduction</title>
+
+<section id='intro-welcome'>
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This manual provides reference information for the current release of the Yocto Project.
+ The Yocto Project is an open-source collaboration project focused on embedded Linux
+ developers.
+ Amongst other things, the Yocto Project uses the OpenEmbedded build system, which
+ is based on the Poky project, to construct complete Linux images.
+ You can find complete introductory and getting started information on the Yocto Project
+ by reading the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;'>Yocto Project Quick Start</ulink>.
+ For task-based information using the Yocto Project, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Development Manual</ulink>
+ and the <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;'>Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual</ulink>.
+ For Board Support Package (BSP) structure information, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;'>Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ You can find information on tracing and profiling in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;'>Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual</ulink>.
+ For information on BitBake, which is the task execution tool the
+ OpenEmbedded build system is based on, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
+ Finally, you can also find lots of Yocto Project information on the
+ <ulink url="&YOCTO_HOME_URL;">Yocto Project website</ulink>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='intro-manualoverview'>
+ <title>Documentation Overview</title>
+ <para>
+ This reference manual consists of the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='usingpoky'>Using the Yocto Project</link>:</emphasis>
+ Provides an overview of the components that make up the Yocto Project
+ followed by information about debugging images created in the Yocto Project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='closer-look'>A Closer Look at the Yocto Project Development Environment</link>:</emphasis>
+ Provides a more detailed look at the Yocto Project development
+ environment within the context of development.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='technical-details'>Technical Details</link>:</emphasis>
+ Describes fundamental Yocto Project components as well as an explanation
+ behind how the Yocto Project uses shared state (sstate) cache to speed build time.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='migration'>Migrating to a Newer Yocto Project Release</link>:</emphasis>
+ Describes release-specific information that helps you move from
+ one Yocto Project Release to another.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='ref-structure'>Directory Structure</link>:</emphasis>
+ Describes the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink> created
+ either by unpacking a released Yocto Project tarball on your host development system,
+ or by cloning the upstream
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#poky'>Poky</ulink> Git repository.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='ref-classes'>Classes</link>:</emphasis>
+ Describes the classes used in the Yocto Project.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks'>Tasks</link>:</emphasis>
+ Describes the tasks defined by the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='ref-qa-checks'>QA Error and Warning Messages</link>:</emphasis>
+ Lists and describes QA warning and error messages.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='ref-images'>Images</link>:</emphasis>
+ Describes the standard images that the Yocto Project supports.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='ref-features'>Features</link>:</emphasis>
+ Describes mechanisms for creating distribution, machine, and image
+ features during the build process using the OpenEmbedded build system.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='ref-variables-glos'>Variables Glossary</link>:</emphasis>
+ Presents most variables used by the OpenEmbedded build system, which
+ uses BitBake.
+ Entries describe the function of the variable and how to apply them.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='ref-varlocality'>Variable Context</link>:</emphasis>
+ Provides variable locality or context.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='faq'>FAQ</link>:</emphasis>
+ Provides answers for commonly asked questions in the Yocto Project
+ development environment.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <link linkend='resources'>Contributing to the Yocto Project</link>:</emphasis>
+ Provides guidance on how you can contribute back to the Yocto
+ Project.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+
+<section id='intro-requirements'>
+<title>System Requirements</title>
+ <para>
+ For general Yocto Project system requirements, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</ulink>" section
+ in the Yocto Project Quick Start.
+ The remainder of this section provides details on system requirements
+ not covered in the Yocto Project Quick Start.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='detailed-supported-distros'>
+ <title>Supported Linux Distributions</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Currently, the Yocto Project is supported on the following
+ distributions:
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ Yocto Project releases are tested against the stable Linux
+ distributions in the following list.
+ The Yocto Project should work on other distributions but
+ validation is not performed against them.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In particular, the Yocto Project does not support
+ and currently has no plans to support
+ rolling-releases or development distributions due to their
+ constantly changing nature.
+ We welcome patches and bug reports, but keep in mind that
+ our priority is on the supported platforms listed below.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you encounter problems, please go to
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_BUGZILLA_URL;'>Yocto Project Bugzilla</ulink>
+ and submit a bug.
+ We are interested in hearing about your experience.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ <itemizedlist>
+<!--
+ <listitem><para>Ubuntu 10.04</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Ubuntu 11.10</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Ubuntu 12.04 (LTS)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Ubuntu 13.10</para></listitem> -->
+ <listitem><para>Ubuntu 14.04 (LTS)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Ubuntu 14.10</para></listitem>
+<!-- <listitem><para>Fedora 16 (Verne)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Fedora 17 (Spherical)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Fedora release 19 (Schrödinger's Cat)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Fedora release 20 (Heisenbug)</para></listitem> -->
+ <listitem><para>Fedora release 21</para></listitem>
+<!-- <listitem><para>CentOS release 5.6 (Final)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>CentOS release 5.7 (Final)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>CentOS release 5.8 (Final)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>CentOS release 6.3 (Final)</para></listitem> -->
+ <listitem><para>CentOS release 6.x</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>CentOS release 7.x</para></listitem>
+<!-- <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 (Squeeze)</para></listitem> -->
+ <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.x (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 8.x (Jessie)</para></listitem>
+<!-- <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.1 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.2 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.3 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.4 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.5 (Wheezy)</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Debian GNU/Linux 7.6 (Wheezy)</para></listitem> -->
+<!-- <listitem><para>openSUSE 11.4</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>openSUSE 12.1</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>openSUSE 12.2</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>openSUSE 12.3</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>openSUSE 13.1</para></listitem> -->
+ <listitem><para>openSUSE 13.2</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ While the Yocto Project Team attempts to ensure all Yocto Project
+ releases are one hundred percent compatible with each officially
+ supported Linux distribution, instances might exist where you
+ encounter a problem while using the Yocto Project on a specific
+ distribution.
+ For example, the CentOS 6.4 distribution does not include the
+ Gtk+ 2.20.0 and PyGtk 2.21.0 (or higher) packages, which are
+ required to run
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/projects/hob'>Hob</ulink>.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>
+ <title>Required Packages for the Host Development System</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The list of packages you need on the host development system can
+ be large when covering all build scenarios using the Yocto Project.
+ This section provides required packages according to
+ Linux distribution and function.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='ubuntu-packages'>
+ <title>Ubuntu and Debian</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list shows the required packages by function
+ given a supported Ubuntu or Debian Linux distribution:
+ <note>
+ If your build system has the
+ <filename>oss4-dev</filename> package installed, you
+ might experience QEMU build failures due to the package
+ installing its own custom
+ <filename>/usr/include/linux/soundcard.h</filename> on
+ the Debian system.
+ If you run into this situation, either of the following
+ solutions exist:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo apt-get build-dep qemu
+ $ sudo apt-get remove oss4-dev
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed to build an image on a headless
+ system:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo apt-get install &UBUNTU_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
+ Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
+ support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
+ IDE:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev xterm
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed if you are going to build out the
+ Yocto Project documentation manuals:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo apt-get install make xsltproc docbook-utils fop dblatex xmlto
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ADT Installer Extras:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed if you are going to be using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-adt-installer'>Application Development Toolkit (ADT) Installer</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libtool libglib2.0-dev
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='fedora-packages'>
+ <title>Fedora Packages</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list shows the required packages by function
+ given a supported Fedora Linux distribution:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed to build an image for a headless
+ system:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo yum install &FEDORA_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
+ Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
+ support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
+ IDE:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo yum install SDL-devel xterm perl-Thread-Queue
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed if you are going to build out the
+ Yocto Project documentation manuals:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo yum install make docbook-style-dsssl docbook-style-xsl \
+ docbook-dtds docbook-utils fop libxslt dblatex xmlto xsltproc
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ADT Installer Extras:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed if you are going to be using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-adt-installer'>Application Development Toolkit (ADT) Installer</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo yum install autoconf automake libtool glib2-devel
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='opensuse-packages'>
+ <title>openSUSE Packages</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list shows the required packages by function
+ given a supported openSUSE Linux distribution:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed to build an image for a headless
+ system:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo zypper install &OPENSUSE_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
+ Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
+ support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
+ IDE:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo zypper install libSDL-devel xterm
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed if you are going to build out the
+ Yocto Project documentation manuals:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo zypper install make fop xsltproc dblatex xmlto
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ADT Installer Extras:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed if you are going to be using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-adt-installer'>Application Development Toolkit (ADT) Installer</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo zypper install autoconf automake libtool glib2-devel
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='centos-packages'>
+ <title>CentOS Packages</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list shows the required packages by function
+ given a supported CentOS Linux distribution:
+ <note>
+ For CentOS 6.x, some of the versions of the components
+ provided by the distribution are too old (e.g. Git, Python,
+ and tar).
+ It is recommended that you install the buildtools in order
+ to provide versions that will work with the OpenEmbedded
+ build system.
+ For information on how to install the buildtools tarball,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, Tar, and Python Versions</link>"
+ section.
+ </note>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Essentials:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed to build an image for a headless
+ system:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo yum install &CENTOS_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL;
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras:</emphasis>
+ Packages recommended if the host system has graphics
+ support or if you are going to use the Eclipse
+ IDE:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo yum install SDL-devel xterm
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Documentation:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed if you are going to build out the
+ Yocto Project documentation manuals:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo yum install make docbook-style-dsssl docbook-style-xsl \
+ docbook-dtds docbook-utils fop libxslt dblatex xmlto xsltproc
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ADT Installer Extras:</emphasis>
+ Packages needed if you are going to be using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#using-the-adt-installer'>Application Development Toolkit (ADT) Installer</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo yum install autoconf automake libtool glib2-devel
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>
+ <title>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to use the build system, your host development system
+ must meet the following version requirements for Git, tar, and
+ Python:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Git 1.7.8 or greater</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>tar 1.24 or greater</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Python 2.7.3 or greater not including
+ Python 3.x, which is not supported.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If your host development system does not meet all these requirements,
+ you can resolve this by installing a <filename>buildtools</filename>
+ tarball that contains these tools.
+ You can get the tarball one of two ways: download a pre-built
+ tarball or use BitBake to build the tarball.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='downloading-a-pre-built-buildtools-tarball'>
+ <title>Downloading a Pre-Built <filename>buildtools</filename> Tarball</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Downloading and running a pre-built buildtools installer is
+ the easiest of the two methods by which you can get these tools:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Locate and download the <filename>*.sh</filename> at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/yocto/yocto-&DISTRO;/buildtools/'></ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Execute the installation script.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sh poky-glibc-x86_64-buildtools-tarball-x86_64-buildtools-nativesdk-standalone-&DISTRO;.sh
+ </literallayout>
+ During execution, a prompt appears that allows you to
+ choose the installation directory.
+ For example, you could choose the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ /home/<replaceable>your-username</replaceable>/buildtools
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Source the tools environment setup script by using a
+ command like the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source /home/<replaceable>your_username</replaceable>/buildtools/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
+ </literallayout>
+ Of course, you need to supply your installation directory and be
+ sure to use the right file (i.e. i585 or x86-64).
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ After you have sourced the setup script,
+ the tools are added to <filename>PATH</filename>
+ and any other environment variables required to run the
+ tools are initialized.
+ The results are working versions versions of Git, tar,
+ Python and <filename>chrpath</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='building-your-own-buildtools-tarball'>
+ <title>Building Your Own <filename>buildtools</filename> Tarball</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Building and running your own buildtools installer applies
+ only when you have a build host that can already run BitBake.
+ In this case, you use that machine to build the
+ <filename>.sh</filename> file and then
+ take steps to transfer and run it on a
+ machine that does not meet the minimal Git, tar, and Python
+ requirements.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are the steps to take to build and run your own
+ buildtools installer:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ On the machine that is able to run BitBake,
+ be sure you have set up your build environment with
+ the setup script
+ (<link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Run the BitBake command to build the tarball:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake buildtools-tarball
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>
+ variable in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file
+ determines whether you build tools for a 32-bit
+ or 64-bit system.
+ </note>
+ Once the build completes, you can find the
+ <filename>.sh</filename> file that installs
+ the tools in the <filename>tmp/deploy/sdk</filename>
+ subdirectory of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ The installer file has the string "buildtools"
+ in the name.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Transfer the <filename>.sh</filename> file from the
+ build host to the machine that does not meet the
+ Git, tar, or Python requirements.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ On the machine that does not meet the requirements,
+ run the <filename>.sh</filename> file
+ to install the tools.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sh poky-glibc-x86_64-buildtools-tarball-x86_64-buildtools-nativesdk-standalone-&DISTRO;.sh
+ </literallayout>
+ During execution, a prompt appears that allows you to
+ choose the installation directory.
+ For example, you could choose the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ /home/<replaceable>your_username</replaceable>/buildtools
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Source the tools environment setup script by using a
+ command like the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source /home/<replaceable>your_username</replaceable>/buildtools/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
+ </literallayout>
+ Of course, you need to supply your installation directory and be
+ sure to use the right file (i.e. i585 or x86-64).
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ After you have sourced the setup script,
+ the tools are added to <filename>PATH</filename>
+ and any other environment variables required to run the
+ tools are initialized.
+ The results are working versions versions of Git, tar,
+ Python and <filename>chrpath</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='intro-getit'>
+ <title>Obtaining the Yocto Project</title>
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project development team makes the Yocto Project available through a number
+ of methods:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Source Repositories:</emphasis>
+ Working from a copy of the upstream
+ <filename>poky</filename> repository is the
+ preferred method for obtaining and using a Yocto Project
+ release.
+ You can view the Yocto Project Source Repositories at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi'></ulink>.
+ In particular, you can find the
+ <filename>poky</filename> repository at
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/'></ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Releases:</emphasis> Stable, tested
+ releases are available as tarballs through
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DL_URL;/releases/yocto/'/>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Nightly Builds:</emphasis> These
+ tarball releases are available at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_AB_NIGHTLY_URL;'/>.
+ These builds include Yocto Project releases, meta-toolchain
+ tarball installation scripts, and experimental builds.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Yocto Project Website:</emphasis> You can
+ find tarball releases of the Yocto Project and supported BSPs
+ at the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project website</ulink>.
+ Along with these downloads, you can find lots of other
+ information at this site.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='intro-getit-dev'>
+ <title>Development Checkouts</title>
+ <para>
+ Development using the Yocto Project requires a local
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ You can set up the Source Directory by cloning a copy of the upstream
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#poky'>poky</ulink> Git repository.
+ For information on how to do this, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#getting-setup'>Getting Set Up</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/migration.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/migration.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc75eb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/migration.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,2319 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='migration'>
+<title>Migrating to a Newer Yocto Project Release</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This chapter provides information you can use to migrate work to a
+ newer Yocto Project release. You can find the same information in the
+ release notes for a given release.
+ </para>
+
+<section id='general-migration-considerations'>
+ <title>General Migration Considerations</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Some considerations are not tied to a specific Yocto Project
+ release.
+ This section presents information you should consider when
+ migrating to any new Yocto Project release.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Dealing with Customized Recipes</emphasis>:
+ Issues could arise if you take older recipes that contain
+ customizations and simply copy them forward expecting them
+ to work after you migrate to new Yocto Project metadata.
+ For example, suppose you have a recipe in your layer that is
+ a customized version of a core recipe copied from the earlier
+ release, rather than through the use of an append file.
+ When you migrate to a newer version of Yocto Project, the
+ metadata (e.g. perhaps an include file used by the recipe)
+ could have changed in a way that would break the build.
+ Say, for example, a function is removed from an include file
+ and the customized recipe tries to call that function.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>You could "forward-port" all your customizations in your
+ recipe so that everything works for the new release.
+ However, this is not the optimal solution as you would have
+ to repeat this process with each new release if changes
+ occur that give rise to problems.</para>
+
+ <para>The better solution (where practical) is to use append
+ files (<filename>*.bbappend</filename>) to capture any
+ customizations you want to make to a recipe.
+ Doing so, isolates your changes from the main recipe making
+ them much more manageable.
+ However, sometimes it is not practical to use an append
+ file.
+ A good example of this is when introducing a newer or older
+ version of a recipe in another layer.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Updating Append Files</emphasis>:
+ Since append files generally only contain your customizations,
+ they often do not need to be adjusted for new releases.
+ However, if the <filename>.bbappend</filename> file is
+ specific to a particular version of the recipe (i.e. its
+ name does not use the % wildcard) and the version of the
+ recipe to which it is appending has changed, then you will
+ at a minimum need to rename the append file to match the
+ name of the recipe file.
+ A mismatch between an append file and its corresponding
+ recipe file (<filename>.bb</filename>) will
+ trigger an error during parsing.</para>
+ <para>Depending on the type of customization the append file
+ applies, other incompatibilities might occur when you
+ upgrade.
+ For example, if your append file applies a patch and the
+ recipe to which it is appending is updated to a newer
+ version, the patch might no longer apply.
+ If this is the case and assuming the patch is still needed,
+ you must modify the patch file so that it does apply.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='moving-to-the-yocto-project-1.3-release'>
+ <title>Moving to the Yocto Project 1.3 Release</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides migration information for moving to the
+ Yocto Project 1.3 Release from the prior release.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='1.3-local-configuration'>
+ <title>Local Configuration</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Differences include changes for
+ <link linkend='var-SSTATE_MIRRORS'><filename>SSTATE_MIRRORS</filename></link>
+ and <filename>bblayers.conf</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.3-sstate-mirrors'>
+ <title>SSTATE_MIRRORS</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The shared state cache (sstate-cache), as pointed to by
+ <link linkend='var-SSTATE_DIR'><filename>SSTATE_DIR</filename></link>, by default
+ now has two-character subdirectories to prevent issues arising
+ from too many files in the same directory.
+ Also, native sstate-cache packages will go into a subdirectory named using
+ the distro ID string.
+ If you copy the newly structured sstate-cache to a mirror location
+ (either local or remote) and then point to it in
+ <link linkend='var-SSTATE_MIRRORS'><filename>SSTATE_MIRRORS</filename></link>,
+ you need to append "PATH" to the end of the mirror URL so that
+ the path used by BitBake before the mirror substitution is
+ appended to the path used to access the mirror.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SSTATE_MIRRORS = "file://.* http://<replaceable>someserver</replaceable>.tld/share/sstate/PATH"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.3-bblayers-conf'>
+ <title>bblayers.conf</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>meta-yocto</filename> layer consists of two parts
+ that correspond to the Poky reference distribution and the
+ reference hardware Board Support Packages (BSPs), respectively:
+ <filename>meta-yocto</filename> and
+ <filename>meta-yocto-bsp</filename>.
+ When running BitBake or Hob for the first time after upgrading,
+ your <filename>conf/bblayers.conf</filename> file will be
+ updated to handle this change and you will be asked to
+ re-run or restart for the changes to take effect.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='1.3-recipes'>
+ <title>Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Differences include changes for the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Python function whitespace</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>proto=</filename> in <filename>SRC_URI</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>nativesdk</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Task recipes</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Removed recipes</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.3-python-function-whitespace'>
+ <title>Python Function Whitespace</title>
+
+ <para>
+ All Python functions must now use four spaces for indentation.
+ Previously, an inconsistent mix of spaces and tabs existed,
+ which made extending these functions using
+ <filename>_append</filename> or <filename>_prepend</filename>
+ complicated given that Python treats whitespace as
+ syntactically significant.
+ If you are defining or extending any Python functions (e.g.
+ <filename>populate_packages</filename>, <filename>do_unpack</filename>,
+ <filename>do_patch</filename> and so forth) in custom recipes
+ or classes, you need to ensure you are using consistent
+ four-space indentation.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.3-proto=-in-src-uri'>
+ <title>proto= in SRC_URI</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Any use of <filename>proto=</filename> in
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>
+ needs to be changed to <filename>protocol=</filename>.
+ In particular, this applies to the following URIs:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>svn://</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bzr://</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>hg://</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>osc://</filename></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ Other URIs were already using <filename>protocol=</filename>.
+ This change improves consistency.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.3-nativesdk'>
+ <title>nativesdk</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The suffix <filename>nativesdk</filename> is now implemented
+ as a prefix, which simplifies a lot of the packaging code for
+ <filename>nativesdk</filename> recipes.
+ All custom <filename>nativesdk</filename> recipes and any
+ references need to be updated to use
+ <filename>nativesdk-*</filename> instead of
+ <filename>*-nativesdk</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.3-task-recipes'>
+ <title>Task Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ "Task" recipes are now known as "Package groups" and have
+ been renamed from <filename>task-*.bb</filename> to
+ <filename>packagegroup-*.bb</filename>.
+ Existing references to the previous <filename>task-*</filename>
+ names should work in most cases as there is an automatic
+ upgrade path for most packages.
+ However, you should update references in your own recipes and
+ configurations as they could be removed in future releases.
+ You should also rename any custom <filename>task-*</filename>
+ recipes to <filename>packagegroup-*</filename>, and change
+ them to inherit <filename>packagegroup</filename> instead of
+ <filename>task</filename>, as well as taking the opportunity
+ to remove anything now handled by
+ <filename>packagegroup.bbclass</filename>, such as providing
+ <filename>-dev</filename> and <filename>-dbg</filename>
+ packages, setting
+ <link linkend='var-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM'><filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename></link>,
+ and so forth.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-packagegroup'><filename>packagegroup.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section for further details.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.3-image-features'>
+ <title>IMAGE_FEATURES</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Image recipes that previously included "apps-console-core"
+ in <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ should now include "splash" instead to enable the boot-up
+ splash screen.
+ Retaining "apps-console-core" will still include the splash
+ screen but generates a warning.
+ The "apps-x11-core" and "apps-x11-games"
+ <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> features have been removed.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.3-removed-recipes'>
+ <title>Removed Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following recipes have been removed.
+ For most of them, it is unlikely that you would have any
+ references to them in your own
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>.
+ However, you should check your metadata against this list to be sure:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>libx11-trim</filename></emphasis>:
+ Replaced by <filename>libx11</filename>, which has a negligible
+ size difference with modern Xorg.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>xserver-xorg-lite</filename></emphasis>:
+ Use <filename>xserver-xorg</filename>, which has a negligible
+ size difference when DRI and GLX modules are not installed.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>xserver-kdrive</filename></emphasis>:
+ Effectively unmaintained for many years.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>mesa-xlib</filename></emphasis>:
+ No longer serves any purpose.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>galago</filename></emphasis>:
+ Replaced by telepathy.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>gail</filename></emphasis>:
+ Functionality was integrated into GTK+ 2.13.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>eggdbus</filename></emphasis>:
+ No longer needed.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>gcc-*-intermediate</filename></emphasis>:
+ The build has been restructured to avoid the need for
+ this step.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>libgsmd</filename></emphasis>:
+ Unmaintained for many years.
+ Functionality now provided by
+ <filename>ofono</filename> instead.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>contacts, dates, tasks, eds-tools</emphasis>:
+ Largely unmaintained PIM application suite.
+ It has been moved to <filename>meta-gnome</filename>
+ in <filename>meta-openembedded</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ In addition to the previously listed changes, the
+ <filename>meta-demoapps</filename> directory has also been removed
+ because the recipes in it were not being maintained and many
+ had become obsolete or broken.
+ Additionally, these recipes were not parsed in the default configuration.
+ Many of these recipes are already provided in an updated and
+ maintained form within the OpenEmbedded community layers such as
+ <filename>meta-oe</filename> and <filename>meta-gnome</filename>.
+ For the remainder, you can now find them in the
+ <filename>meta-extras</filename> repository, which is in the
+ Yocto Project
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-repositories'>Source Repositories</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='1.3-linux-kernel-naming'>
+ <title>Linux Kernel Naming</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The naming scheme for kernel output binaries has been changed to
+ now include
+ <link linkend='var-PE'><filename>PE</filename></link> as part of the
+ filename:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME ?= "${KERNEL_IMAGETYPE}-${PE}-${PV}-${PR}-${MACHINE}-${DATETIME}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because the <filename>PE</filename> variable is not set by default,
+ these binary files could result with names that include two dash
+ characters.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ bzImage--3.10.9+git0+cd502a8814_7144bcc4b8-r0-qemux86-64-20130830085431.bin
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='moving-to-the-yocto-project-1.4-release'>
+ <title>Moving to the Yocto Project 1.4 Release</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides migration information for moving to the
+ Yocto Project 1.4 Release from the prior release.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.4-bitbake'>
+ <title>BitBake</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Differences include the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Comment Continuation:</emphasis>
+ If a comment ends with a line continuation (\) character,
+ then the next line must also be a comment.
+ Any instance where this is not the case, now triggers
+ a warning.
+ You must either remove the continuation character, or be
+ sure the next line is a comment.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Package Name Overrides:</emphasis>
+ The runtime package specific variables
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RSUGGESTS'><filename>RSUGGESTS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RPROVIDES'><filename>RPROVIDES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RCONFLICTS'><filename>RCONFLICTS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RREPLACES'><filename>RREPLACES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-ALLOW_EMPTY'><filename>ALLOW_EMPTY</filename></link>,
+ and the pre, post, install, and uninstall script functions
+ <filename>pkg_preinst</filename>,
+ <filename>pkg_postinst</filename>,
+ <filename>pkg_prerm</filename>, and
+ <filename>pkg_postrm</filename> should always have a
+ package name override.
+ For example, use <filename>RDEPENDS_${PN}</filename> for
+ the main package instead of <filename>RDEPENDS</filename>.
+ BitBake uses more strict checks when it parses recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.4-build-behavior'>
+ <title>Build Behavior</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Differences include the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Shared State Code:</emphasis>
+ The shared state code has been optimized to avoid running
+ unnecessary tasks.
+ For example, the following no longer populates the target
+ sysroot since that is not necessary:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -c rootfs <replaceable>some-image</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ Instead, the system just needs to extract the output
+ package contents, re-create the packages, and construct
+ the root filesystem.
+ This change is unlikely to cause any problems unless
+ you have missing declared dependencies.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Scanning Directory Names:</emphasis>
+ When scanning for files in
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>,
+ the build system now uses
+ <link linkend='var-FILESOVERRIDES'><filename>FILESOVERRIDES</filename></link>
+ instead of <link linkend='var-OVERRIDES'><filename>OVERRIDES</filename></link>
+ for the directory names.
+ In general, the values previously in
+ <filename>OVERRIDES</filename> are now in
+ <filename>FILESOVERRIDES</filename> as well.
+ However, if you relied upon an additional value
+ you previously added to <filename>OVERRIDES</filename>,
+ you might now need to add it to
+ <filename>FILESOVERRIDES</filename> unless you are already
+ adding it through the
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINEOVERRIDES'><filename>MACHINEOVERRIDES</filename></link>
+ or <link linkend='var-DISTROOVERRIDES'><filename>DISTROOVERRIDES</filename></link>
+ variables, as appropriate.
+ For more related changes, see the
+ "<link linkend='migration-1.4-variables'>Variables</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+
+ <section id='migration-1.4-proxies-and-fetching-source'>
+ <title>Proxies and Fetching Source</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A new <filename>oe-git-proxy</filename> script has been added to
+ replace previous methods of handling proxies and fetching source
+ from Git.
+ See the <filename>meta-yocto/conf/site.conf.sample</filename> file
+ for information on how to use this script.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.4-custom-interfaces-file-netbase-change'>
+ <title>Custom Interfaces File (netbase change)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you have created your own custom
+ <filename>etc/network/interfaces</filename> file by creating
+ an append file for the <filename>netbase</filename> recipe,
+ you now need to create an append file for the
+ <filename>init-ifupdown</filename> recipe instead, which you can
+ find in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ at <filename>meta/recipes-core/init-ifupdown</filename>.
+ For information on how to use append files, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#using-bbappend-files'>Using .bbappend Files</ulink>"
+ in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.4-remote-debugging'>
+ <title>Remote Debugging</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Support for remote debugging with the Eclipse IDE is now
+ separated into an image feature
+ (<filename>eclipse-debug</filename>) that corresponds to the
+ <filename>packagegroup-core-eclipse-debug</filename> package group.
+ Previously, the debugging feature was included through the
+ <filename>tools-debug</filename> image feature, which corresponds
+ to the <filename>packagegroup-core-tools-debug</filename>
+ package group.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.4-variables'>
+ <title>Variables</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following variables have changed:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>SANITY_TESTED_DISTROS</filename>:</emphasis>
+ This variable now uses a distribution ID, which is composed
+ of the host distributor ID followed by the release.
+ Previously,
+ <link linkend='var-SANITY_TESTED_DISTROS'><filename>SANITY_TESTED_DISTROS</filename></link>
+ was composed of the description field.
+ For example, "Ubuntu 12.10" becomes "Ubuntu-12.10".
+ You do not need to worry about this change if you are not
+ specifically setting this variable, or if you are
+ specifically setting it to "".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>SRC_URI</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link><filename>}</filename>,
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-PF'><filename>PF</filename></link><filename>}</filename>,
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-P'><filename>P</filename></link><filename>}</filename>,
+ and <filename>FILE_DIRNAME</filename> directories have been
+ dropped from the default value of the
+ <link linkend='var-FILESPATH'><filename>FILESPATH</filename></link>
+ variable, which is used as the search path for finding files
+ referred to in
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>.
+ If you have a recipe that relied upon these directories,
+ which would be unusual, then you will need to add the
+ appropriate paths within the recipe or, alternatively,
+ rearrange the files.
+ The most common locations are still covered by
+ <filename>${BP}</filename>, <filename>${BPN}</filename>,
+ and "files", which all remain in the default value of
+ <link linkend='var-FILESPATH'><filename>FILESPATH</filename></link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-target-package-management-with-rpm'>
+ <title>Target Package Management with RPM</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If runtime package management is enabled and the RPM backend
+ is selected, Smart is now installed for package download, dependency
+ resolution, and upgrades instead of Zypper.
+ For more information on how to use Smart, run the following command
+ on the target:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ smart --help
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.4-recipes-moved'>
+ <title>Recipes Moved</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following recipes were moved from their previous locations
+ because they are no longer used by anything in
+ the OpenEmbedded-Core:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>clutter-box2d</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-oe</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>evolution-data-server</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-gnome</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>gthumb</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-gnome</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>gtkhtml2</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-oe</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>gupnp</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-multimedia</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>gypsy</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-oe</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>libcanberra</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-gnome</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>libgdata</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-gnome</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>libmusicbrainz</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-multimedia</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>metacity</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-gnome</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>polkit</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-oe</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>zeroconf</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Now resides in the <filename>meta-networking</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.4-removals-and-renames'>
+ <title>Removals and Renames</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list shows what has been removed or renamed:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>evieext</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because it has been removed from
+ <filename>xserver</filename> since 2008.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Gtk+ DirectFB:</emphasis>
+ Removed support because upstream Gtk+ no longer supports it
+ as of version 2.18.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>libxfontcache / xfontcacheproto</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because they were removed from the Xorg server in 2008.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>libxp / libxprintapputil / libxprintutil / printproto</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because the XPrint server was removed from
+ Xorg in 2008.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>libxtrap / xtrapproto</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because their functionality was broken upstream.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>linux-yocto 3.0 kernel:</emphasis>
+ Removed with linux-yocto 3.8 kernel being added.
+ The linux-yocto 3.2 and linux-yocto 3.4 kernels remain
+ as part of the release.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>lsbsetup</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed with functionality now provided by
+ <filename>lsbtest</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>matchbox-stroke</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because it was never more than a proof-of-concept.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>matchbox-wm-2 / matchbox-theme-sato-2</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because they are not maintained.
+ However, <filename>matchbox-wm</filename> and
+ <filename>matchbox-theme-sato</filename> are still
+ provided.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>mesa-dri</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Renamed to <filename>mesa</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>mesa-xlib</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because it was no longer useful.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>mutter</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because nothing ever uses it and the recipe is
+ very old.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>orinoco-conf</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because it has become obsolete.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>update-modules</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because it is no longer used.
+ The kernel module <filename>postinstall</filename> and
+ <filename>postrm</filename> scripts can now do the same
+ task without the use of this script.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>web</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because it is not maintained. Superseded by
+ <filename>web-webkit</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>xf86bigfontproto</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because upstream it has been disabled by default
+ since 2007.
+ Nothing uses <filename>xf86bigfontproto</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>xf86rushproto</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed because its dependency in
+ <filename>xserver</filename> was spurious and it was
+ removed in 2005.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>zypper / libzypp / sat-solver</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Removed and been functionally replaced with Smart
+ (<filename>python-smartpm</filename>) when RPM packaging
+ is used and package management is enabled on the target.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='moving-to-the-yocto-project-1.5-release'>
+ <title>Moving to the Yocto Project 1.5 Release</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides migration information for moving to the
+ Yocto Project 1.5 Release from the prior release.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-host-dependency-changes'>
+ <title>Host Dependency Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system now has some additional requirements
+ on the host system:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Python 2.7.3+</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Tar 1.24+</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Git 1.7.8+</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Patched version of Make if you are using
+ 3.82.
+ Most distributions that provide Make 3.82 use the patched
+ version.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ If the Linux distribution you are using on your build host
+ does not provide packages for these, you can install and use
+ the Buildtools tarball, which provides an SDK-like environment
+ containing them.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on this requirement, see the
+ "<link linkend='required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-atom-pc-bsp'>
+ <title><filename>atom-pc</filename> Board Support Package (BSP)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>atom-pc</filename> hardware reference BSP has been
+ replaced by a <filename>genericx86</filename> BSP.
+ This BSP is not necessarily guaranteed to work on all x86
+ hardware, but it will run on a wider range of systems than the
+ <filename>atom-pc</filename> did.
+ <note>
+ Additionally, a <filename>genericx86-64</filename> BSP has
+ been added for 64-bit Atom systems.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-bitbake'>
+ <title>BitBake</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following changes have been made that relate to BitBake:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ BitBake now supports a <filename>_remove</filename>
+ operator.
+ The addition of this operator means you will have to
+ rename any items in recipe space (functions, variables)
+ whose names currently contain
+ <filename>_remove_</filename> or end with
+ <filename>_remove</filename> to avoid unexpected behavior.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ BitBake's global method pool has been removed.
+ This method is not particularly useful and led to clashes
+ between recipes containing functions that had the
+ same name.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The "none" server backend has been removed.
+ The "process" server backend has been serving well as the
+ default for a long time now.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>bitbake-runtask</filename> script has been
+ removed.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-P'><filename>P</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ and
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-PF'><filename>PF</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ are no longer added to
+ <link linkend='var-PROVIDES'><filename>PROVIDES</filename></link>
+ by default in <filename>bitbake.conf</filename>.
+ These version-specific <filename>PROVIDES</filename>
+ items were seldom used.
+ Attempting to use them could result in two versions being
+ built simultaneously rather than just one version due to
+ the way BitBake resolves dependencies.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-qa-warnings'>
+ <title>QA Warnings</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following changes have been made to the package QA checks:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ If you have customized
+ <link linkend='var-ERROR_QA'><filename>ERROR_QA</filename></link>
+ or <link linkend='var-WARN_QA'><filename>WARN_QA</filename></link>
+ values in your configuration, check that they contain all of
+ the issues that you wish to be reported.
+ Previous Yocto Project versions contained a bug that meant
+ that any item not mentioned in <filename>ERROR_QA</filename>
+ or <filename>WARN_QA</filename> would be treated as a
+ warning.
+ Consequently, several important items were not already in
+ the default value of <filename>WARN_QA</filename>.
+ All of the possible QA checks are now documented in the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ An additional QA check has been added to check if
+ <filename>/usr/share/info/dir</filename> is being installed.
+ Your recipe should delete this file within
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ if "make install" is installing it.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ If you are using the buildhistory class, the check for the
+ package version going backwards is now controlled using a
+ standard QA check.
+ Thus, if you have customized your
+ <filename>ERROR_QA</filename> or
+ <filename>WARN_QA</filename> values and still wish to have
+ this check performed, you should add
+ "version-going-backwards" to your value for one or the
+ other variables depending on how you wish it to be handled.
+ See the documented QA checks in the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-directory-layout-changes'>
+ <title>Directory Layout Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following directory changes exist:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Output SDK installer files are now named to include the
+ image name and tuning architecture through the
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_NAME'><filename>SDK_NAME</filename></link>
+ variable.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Images and related files are now installed into a directory
+ that is specific to the machine, instead of a parent
+ directory containing output files for multiple machines.
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE</filename></link>
+ variable continues to point to the directory containing
+ images for the current
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>
+ and should be used anywhere there is a need to refer to
+ this directory.
+ The <filename>runqemu</filename> script now uses this
+ variable to find images and kernel binaries and will use
+ BitBake to determine the directory.
+ Alternatively, you can set the
+ <filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE</filename> variable in the
+ external environment.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ When buildhistory is enabled, its output is now written
+ under the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ rather than
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>.
+ Doing so makes it easier to delete
+ <filename>TMPDIR</filename> and preserve the build history.
+ Additionally, data for produced SDKs is now split by
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_NAME'><filename>IMAGE_NAME</filename></link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>pkgdata</filename> directory produced as
+ part of the packaging process has been collapsed into a
+ single machine-specific directory.
+ This directory is located under
+ <filename>sysroots</filename> and uses a machine-specific
+ name (i.e.
+ <filename>tmp/sysroots/<replaceable>machine</replaceable>/pkgdata</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-shortened-git-srcrev-values'>
+ <title>Shortened Git <filename>SRCREV</filename> Values</title>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake will now shorten revisions from Git repositories from the
+ normal 40 characters down to 10 characters within
+ <link linkend='var-SRCPV'><filename>SRCPV</filename></link>
+ for improved usability in path and file names.
+ This change should be safe within contexts where these revisions
+ are used because the chances of spatially close collisions
+ is very low.
+ Distant collisions are not a major issue in the way
+ the values are used.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-image-features'>
+ <title><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following changes have been made that relate to
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The value of
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ is now validated to ensure invalid feature items are not
+ added.
+ Some users mistakenly add package names to this variable
+ instead of using
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename></link>
+ in order to have the package added to the image, which does
+ not work.
+ This change is intended to catch those kinds of situations.
+ Valid <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> are drawn from
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_GROUP'><filename>PACKAGE_GROUP</filename></link>
+ definitions,
+ <link linkend='var-COMPLEMENTARY_GLOB'><filename>COMPLEMENTARY_GLOB</filename></link>
+ and a new "validitems" varflag on
+ <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename>.
+ The "validitems" varflag change allows additional features
+ to be added if they are not provided using the previous
+ two mechanisms.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The previously deprecated "apps-console-core"
+ <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> item is no longer
+ supported.
+ Add "splash" to <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> if you
+ wish to have the splash screen enabled, since this is
+ all that apps-console-core was doing.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-run'>
+ <title><filename>/run</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>/run</filename> directory from the Filesystem
+ Hierarchy Standard 3.0 has been introduced.
+ You can find some of the implications for this change
+ <ulink url='http://cgit.openembedded.org/openembedded-core/commit/?id=0e326280a15b0f2c4ef2ef4ec441f63f55b75873'>here</ulink>.
+ The change also means that recipes that install files to
+ <filename>/var/run</filename> must be changed.
+ You can find a guide on how to make these changes
+ <ulink url='http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.handhelds.openembedded/58530'>here</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-removal-of-package-manager-database-within-image-recipes'>
+ <title>Removal of Package Manager Database Within Image Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The image <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> no longer adds
+ <filename>remove_packaging_data_files</filename> to
+ <link linkend='var-ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND'><filename>ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND</filename></link>.
+ This addition is now handled automatically when "package-management"
+ is not in
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ If you have custom image recipes that make this addition,
+ you should remove the lines, as they are not needed and might
+ interfere with correct operation of postinstall scripts.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-images-now-rebuild-only-on-changes-instead-of-every-time'>
+ <title>Images Now Rebuild Only on Changes Instead of Every Time</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-rootfs'><filename>do_rootfs</filename></link>
+ and other related image
+ construction tasks are no longer marked as "nostamp".
+ Consequently, they will only be re-executed when their inputs have
+ changed.
+ Previous versions of the OpenEmbedded build system always rebuilt
+ the image when requested rather when necessary.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-task-recipes'>
+ <title>Task Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The previously deprecated <filename>task.bbclass</filename> has
+ now been dropped.
+ For recipes that previously inherited from this class, you should
+ rename them from <filename>task-*</filename> to
+ <filename>packagegroup-*</filename> and inherit packagegroup
+ instead.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-packagegroup'><filename>packagegroup.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-busybox'>
+ <title>BusyBox</title>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, we now split BusyBox into two binaries:
+ one that is suid root for those components that need it, and
+ another for the rest of the components.
+ Splitting BusyBox allows for optimization that eliminates the
+ <filename>tinylogin</filename> recipe as recommended by upstream.
+ You can disable this split by setting
+ <link linkend='var-BUSYBOX_SPLIT_SUID'><filename>BUSYBOX_SPLIT_SUID</filename></link>
+ to "0".
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-automated-image-testing'>
+ <title>Automated Image Testing</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A new automated image testing framework has been added
+ through the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-testimage'><filename>testimage*.bbclass</filename></link>
+ class.
+ This framework replaces the older
+ <filename>imagetest-qemu</filename> framework.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can learn more about performing automated image tests in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#performing-automated-runtime-testing'>Performing Automated Runtime Testing</ulink>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-build-history'>
+ <title>Build History</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Following are changes to Build History:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Installed package sizes:
+ <filename>installed-package-sizes.txt</filename> for an
+ image now records the size of the files installed by each
+ package instead of the size of each compressed package
+ archive file.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The dependency graphs (<filename>depends*.dot</filename>)
+ now use the actual package names instead of replacing
+ dashes, dots and plus signs with underscores.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>buildhistory-diff</filename> and
+ <filename>buildhistory-collect-srcrevs</filename>
+ utilities have improved command-line handling.
+ Use the <filename>--help</filename> option for
+ each utility for more information on the new syntax.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ For more information on Build History, see the
+ "<link linkend='maintaining-build-output-quality'>Maintaining Build Output Quality</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-udev'>
+ <title><filename>udev</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Following are changes to <filename>udev</filename>:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>udev</filename> no longer brings in
+ <filename>udev-extraconf</filename> automatically
+ through
+ <link linkend='var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></link>,
+ since this was originally intended to be optional.
+ If you need the extra rules, then add
+ <filename>udev-extraconf</filename> to your image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>udev</filename> no longer brings in
+ <filename>pciutils-ids</filename> or
+ <filename>usbutils-ids</filename> through
+ <filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename>.
+ These are not needed by <filename>udev</filename> itself
+ and removing them saves around 350KB.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-removed-renamed-recipes'>
+ <title>Removed and Renamed Recipes</title>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>linux-yocto</filename> 3.2 kernel has been
+ removed.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>libtool-nativesdk</filename> has been renamed to
+ <filename>nativesdk-libtool</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>tinylogin</filename> has been removed.
+ It has been replaced by a suid portion of Busybox.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='migration-1.5-busybox'>BusyBox</link>" section
+ for more information.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>external-python-tarball</filename> has been renamed
+ to <filename>buildtools-tarball</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>web-webkit</filename> has been removed.
+ It has been functionally replaced by
+ <filename>midori</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>imake</filename> has been removed.
+ It is no longer needed by any other recipe.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>transfig-native</filename> has been removed.
+ It is no longer needed by any other recipe.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>anjuta-remote-run</filename> has been removed.
+ Anjuta IDE integration has not been officially supported for
+ several releases.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.5-other-changes'>
+ <title>Other Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is a list of short entries describing other changes:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>run-postinsts</filename>: Make this generic.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>base-files</filename>: Remove the unnecessary
+ <filename>media/</filename><replaceable>xxx</replaceable> directories.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>alsa-state</filename>: Provide an empty
+ <filename>asound.conf</filename> by default.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>classes/image</filename>: Ensure
+ <link linkend='var-BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS'><filename>BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename></link>
+ supports pre-renamed package names.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>classes/rootfs_rpm</filename>: Implement
+ <link linkend='var-BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS'><filename>BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename></link>
+ for RPM.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>systemd</filename>: Remove
+ <filename>systemd_unitdir</filename> if
+ <filename>systemd</filename> is not in
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>systemd</filename>: Remove
+ <filename>init.d</filename> dir if
+ <filename>systemd</filename> unit file is present and
+ <filename>sysvinit</filename> is not a distro feature.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>libpam</filename>: Deny all services for the
+ <filename>OTHER</filename> entries.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>image.bbclass</filename>: Move
+ <filename>runtime_mapping_rename</filename> to avoid
+ conflict with <filename>multilib</filename>.
+ See
+ <ulink url='https://bugzilla.yoctoproject.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4993'><filename>YOCTO #4993</filename></ulink>
+ in Bugzilla for more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>linux-dtb</filename>: Use kernel build system
+ to generate the <filename>dtb</filename> files.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>kern-tools</filename>: Switch from guilt to
+ new <filename>kgit-s2q</filename> tool.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='moving-to-the-yocto-project-1.6-release'>
+ <title>Moving to the Yocto Project 1.6 Release</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides migration information for moving to the
+ Yocto Project 1.6 Release from the prior release.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-archiver-class'>
+ <title><filename>archiver</filename> Class</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-archiver'><filename>archiver</filename></link>
+ class has been rewritten and its configuration has been simplified.
+ For more details on the source archiver, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#maintaining-open-source-license-compliance-during-your-products-lifecycle'>Maintaining Open Source License Compliance During Your Product's Lifecycle</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-packaging-changes'>
+ <title>Packaging Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following packaging changes have been made:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>binutils</filename> recipe no longer produces
+ a <filename>binutils-symlinks</filename> package.
+ <filename>update-alternatives</filename> is now used to
+ handle the preferred <filename>binutils</filename>
+ variant on the target instead.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The tc (traffic control) utilities have been split out of
+ the main <filename>iproute2</filename> package and put
+ into the <filename>iproute2-tc</filename> package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>gtk-engines</filename> schemas have been
+ moved to a dedicated
+ <filename>gtk-engines-schemas</filename> package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>armv7a</filename> with thumb package
+ architecture suffix has changed.
+ The suffix for these packages with the thumb
+ optimization enabled is "t2" as it should be.
+ Use of this suffix was not the case in the 1.5 release.
+ Architecture names will change within package feeds as a
+ result.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-bitbake'>
+ <title>BitBake</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following changes have been made to
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-matching-branch-requirement-for-git-fetching'>
+ <title>Matching Branch Requirement for Git Fetching</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When fetching source from a Git repository using
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>,
+ BitBake will now validate the
+ <link linkend='var-SRCREV'><filename>SRCREV</filename></link>
+ value against the branch.
+ You can specify the branch using the following form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI = "git://server.name/repository;branch=<replaceable>branchname</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ If you do not specify a branch, BitBake looks
+ in the default "master" branch.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Alternatively, if you need to bypass this check (e.g.
+ if you are fetching a revision corresponding to a tag that
+ is not on any branch), you can add ";nobranch=1" to
+ the end of the URL within <filename>SRC_URI</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-bitbake-deps'>
+ <title>Python Definition substitutions</title>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake had some previously deprecated Python definitions
+ within its <filename>bb</filename> module removed.
+ You should use their sub-module counterparts instead:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bb.MalformedUrl</filename>:
+ Use <filename>bb.fetch.MalformedUrl</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bb.fetch.encodeurl</filename>:
+ Use <filename>bb.fetch.encodeurl</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bb.decodeurl</filename>:
+ Use <filename>bb.fetch.decodeurl</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bb.mkdirhier</filename>:
+ Use <filename>bb.utils.mkdirhier</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bb.movefile</filename>:
+ Use <filename>bb.utils.movefile</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bb.copyfile</filename>:
+ Use <filename>bb.utils.copyfile</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bb.which</filename>:
+ Use <filename>bb.utils.which</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bb.vercmp_string</filename>:
+ Use <filename>bb.utils.vercmp_string</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>bb.vercmp</filename>:
+ Use <filename>bb.utils.vercmp</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-bitbake-fetcher'>
+ <title>SVK Fetcher</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The SVK fetcher has been removed from BitBake.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-bitbake-console-output'>
+ <title>Console Output Error Redirection</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The BitBake console UI will now output errors to
+ <filename>stderr</filename> instead of
+ <filename>stdout</filename>.
+ Consequently, if you are piping or redirecting the output of
+ <filename>bitbake</filename> to somewhere else, and you wish
+ to retain the errors, you will need to add
+ <filename>2>&1</filename> (or something similar) to the
+ end of your <filename>bitbake</filename> command line.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-task-taskname-overrides'>
+ <title><filename>task-</filename><replaceable>taskname</replaceable> Overrides</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>task-</filename><replaceable>taskname</replaceable> overrides have been
+ adjusted so that tasks whose names contain underscores have the
+ underscores replaced by hyphens for the override so that they
+ now function properly.
+ For example, the task override for
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-populate_sdk'><filename>do_populate_sdk</filename></link>
+ is <filename>task-populate-sdk</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-variable-changes'>
+ <title>Changes to Variables</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following variables have changed.
+ For information on the OpenEmbedded build system variables, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-variables-glos'>Variables Glossary</link>" Chapter.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-variable-changes-TMPDIR'>
+ <title><filename>TMPDIR</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ can no longer be on an NFS mount.
+ NFS does not offer full POSIX locking and inode consistency
+ and can cause unexpected issues if used to store
+ <filename>TMPDIR</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The check for this occurs on startup.
+ If <filename>TMPDIR</filename> is detected on an NFS mount,
+ an error occurs.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-variable-changes-PRINC'>
+ <title><filename>PRINC</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>PRINC</filename>
+ variable has been deprecated and triggers a warning if
+ detected during a build.
+ For
+ <link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link>
+ increments on changes, use the PR service instead.
+ You can find out more about this service in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#working-with-a-pr-service'>Working With a PR Service</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-variable-changes-IMAGE_TYPES'>
+ <title><filename>IMAGE_TYPES</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The "sum.jffs2" option for
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_TYPES'><filename>IMAGE_TYPES</filename></link>
+ has been replaced by the "jffs2.sum" option, which fits the
+ processing order.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-variable-changes-COPY_LIC_MANIFEST'>
+ <title><filename>COPY_LIC_MANIFEST</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-COPY_LIC_MANIFEST'><filename>COPY_LIC_MANIFEST</filename></link>
+ variable must
+ now be set to "1" rather than any value in order to enable
+ it.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-variable-changes-COPY_LIC_DIRS'>
+ <title><filename>COPY_LIC_DIRS</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-COPY_LIC_DIRS'><filename>COPY_LIC_DIRS</filename></link>
+ variable must
+ now be set to "1" rather than any value in order to enable
+ it.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-variable-changes-PACKAGE_GROUP'>
+ <title><filename>PACKAGE_GROUP</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_GROUP'><filename>PACKAGE_GROUP</filename></link>
+ variable has been renamed to
+ <link linkend='var-FEATURE_PACKAGES'><filename>FEATURE_PACKAGES</filename></link>
+ to more accurately reflect its purpose.
+ You can still use <filename>PACKAGE_GROUP</filename> but
+ the OpenEmbedded build system produces a warning message when
+ it encounters the variable.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-variable-changes-variable-entry-behavior'>
+ <title>Preprocess and Post Process Command Variable Behavior</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following variables now expect a semicolon separated
+ list of functions to call and not arbitrary shell commands:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <link linkend='var-ROOTFS_PREPROCESS_COMMAND'>ROOTFS_PREPROCESS_COMMAND</link>
+ <link linkend='var-ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND'>ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND</link>
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND'>SDK_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND</link>
+ <link linkend='var-POPULATE_SDK_POST_TARGET_COMMAND'>POPULATE_SDK_POST_TARGET_COMMAND</link>
+ <link linkend='var-POPULATE_SDK_POST_HOST_COMMAND'>POPULATE_SDK_POST_HOST_COMMAND</link>
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND'>IMAGE_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND</link>
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_PREPROCESS_COMMAND'>IMAGE_PREPROCESS_COMMAND</link>
+ <link linkend='var-ROOTFS_POSTUNINSTALL_COMMAND'>ROOTFS_POSTUNINSTALL_COMMAND</link>
+ <link linkend='var-ROOTFS_POSTINSTALL_COMMAND'>ROOTFS_POSTINSTALL_COMMAND</link>
+ </literallayout>
+ For migration purposes, you can simply wrap shell commands in
+ a shell function and then call the function.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ my_postprocess_function() {
+ echo "hello" > ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/hello.txt
+ }
+ ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "my_postprocess_function; "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-directory-layout-changes'>
+ <title>Directory Layout Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>meta-hob</filename> layer has been removed from
+ the top-level of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ The contents of this layer are no longer needed by the Hob
+ user interface for building images and toolchains.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-package-test-ptest'>
+ <title>Package Test (ptest)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Package Tests (ptest) are built but not installed by default.
+ For information on using Package Tests, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#testing-packages-with-ptest'>Setting up and running package test (ptest)</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ For information on the <filename>ptest</filename> class, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-ptest'><filename>ptest.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-build-changes'>
+ <title>Build Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Separate build and source directories have been enabled
+ by default for selected recipes where it is known to work
+ (a whitelist) and for all recipes that inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-cmake'><filename>cmake</filename></link>
+ class.
+ In future releases the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></link>
+ class will enable a separate build directory by default as
+ well.
+ Recipes building Autotools-based
+ software that fails to build with a separate build directory
+ should be changed to inherit from the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools-brokensep'><filename>autotools-brokensep</filename></link>
+ class instead of the <filename>autotools</filename> class.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-building-qemu-native'>
+ <title><filename>qemu-native</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>qemu-native</filename> now builds without
+ SDL-based graphical output support by default.
+ The following additional lines are needed in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> to enable it:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGECONFIG_pn-qemu-native = "sdl"
+ ASSUME_PROVIDED += "libsdl-native"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ The default <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ contains these statements.
+ Consequently, if you are building a headless system and using
+ a default <filename>local.conf</filename> file, you will need
+ comment these two lines out.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-core-image-basic'>
+ <title><filename>core-image-basic</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>core-image-basic</filename> has been renamed to
+ <filename>core-image-full-cmdline</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In addition to <filename>core-image-basic</filename> being renamed,
+ <filename>packagegroup-core-basic</filename> has been renamed to
+ <filename>packagegroup-core-full-cmdline</filename> to match.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-licensing'>
+ <title>Licensing</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The top-level <filename>LICENSE</filename> file has been changed
+ to better describe the license of the various components of
+ OE-Core.
+ However, the licensing itself remains unchanged.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Normally, this change would not cause any side-effects.
+ However, some recipes point to this file within
+ <link linkend='var-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM'><filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename></link>
+ (as <filename>${COREBASE}/LICENSE</filename>) and thus the
+ accompanying checksum must be changed from
+ 3f40d7994397109285ec7b81fdeb3b58 to
+ 4d92cd373abda3937c2bc47fbc49d690.
+ A better alternative is to have
+ <filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename> point to a file
+ describing the license that is distributed with the source
+ that the recipe is building, if possible, rather than pointing
+ to <filename>${COREBASE}/LICENSE</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-cflags-options'>
+ <title><filename>CFLAGS</filename> Options</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The "-fpermissive" option has been removed from the default
+ <link linkend='var-CFLAGS'><filename>CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ value.
+ You need to take action on individual recipes that fail when
+ building with this option.
+ You need to either patch the recipes to fix the issues reported by
+ the compiler, or you need to add "-fpermissive" to
+ <filename>CFLAGS</filename> in the recipes.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-custom-images'>
+ <title>Custom Image Output Types</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Custom image output types, as selected using
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>,
+ must declare their dependencies on other image types (if any) using
+ a new
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_TYPEDEP'><filename>IMAGE_TYPEDEP</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-do-package-write-task'>
+ <title>Tasks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>do_package_write</filename> task has been removed.
+ The task is no longer needed.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-update-alternatives-provider'>
+ <title><filename>update-alternative</filename> Provider</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The default <filename>update-alternatives</filename> provider has
+ been changed from <filename>opkg</filename> to
+ <filename>opkg-utils</filename>.
+ This change resolves some troublesome circular dependencies.
+ The runtime package has also been renamed from
+ <filename>update-alternatives-cworth</filename>
+ to <filename>update-alternatives-opkg</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-virtclass-overrides'>
+ <title><filename>virtclass</filename> Overrides</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>virtclass</filename> overrides are now deprecated.
+ Use the equivalent class overrides instead (e.g.
+ <filename>virtclass-native</filename> becomes
+ <filename>class-native</filename>.)
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-removed-renamed-recipes'>
+ <title>Removed and Renamed Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following recipes have been removed:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>packagegroup-toolset-native</filename> -
+ This recipe is largely unused.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>linux-yocto-3.8</filename> -
+ Support for the Linux yocto 3.8 kernel has been dropped.
+ Support for the 3.10 and 3.14 kernels have been added
+ with the <filename>linux-yocto-3.10</filename> and
+ <filename>linux-yocto-3.14</filename> recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>ocf-linux</filename> -
+ This recipe has been functionally replaced using
+ <filename>cryptodev-linux</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>genext2fs</filename> -
+ <filename>genext2fs</filename> is no longer used by the
+ build system and is unmaintained upstream.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>js</filename> -
+ This provided an ancient version of Mozilla's javascript
+ engine that is no longer needed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>zaurusd</filename> -
+ The recipe has been moved to the
+ <filename>meta-handheld</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>eglibc 2.17</filename> -
+ Replaced by the <filename>eglibc 2.19</filename>
+ recipe.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gcc 4.7.2</filename> -
+ Replaced by the now stable
+ <filename>gcc 4.8.2</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>external-sourcery-toolchain</filename> -
+ this recipe is now maintained in the
+ <filename>meta-sourcery</filename> layer.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>linux-libc-headers-yocto 3.4+git</filename> -
+ Now using version 3.10 of the
+ <filename>linux-libc-headers</filename> by default.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>meta-toolchain-gmae</filename> -
+ This recipe is obsolete.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>packagegroup-core-sdk-gmae</filename> -
+ This recipe is obsolete.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>packagegroup-core-standalone-gmae-sdk-target</filename> -
+ This recipe is obsolete.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-removed-classes'>
+ <title>Removed Classes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following classes have become obsolete and have been removed:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>module_strip</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>pkg_metainfo</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>pkg_distribute</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>image-empty</filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.6-reference-bsps'>
+ <title>Reference Board Support Packages (BSPs)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following reference BSPs changes occurred:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The BeagleBoard
+ (<filename>beagleboard</filename>) ARM reference hardware
+ has been replaced by the BeagleBone
+ (<filename>beaglebone</filename>) hardware.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The RouterStation Pro
+ (<filename>routerstationpro</filename>) MIPS reference
+ hardware has been replaced by the EdgeRouter Lite
+ (<filename>edgerouter</filename>) hardware.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ The previous reference BSPs for the
+ <filename>beagleboard</filename> and
+ <filename>routerstationpro</filename> machines are still available
+ in a new <filename>meta-yocto-bsp-old</filename> layer in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;'>Source Repositories</ulink>
+ at
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/meta-yocto-bsp-old/'>http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/meta-yocto-bsp-old/</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='moving-to-the-yocto-project-1.7-release'>
+ <title>Moving to the Yocto Project 1.7 Release</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides migration information for moving to the
+ Yocto Project 1.7 Release from the prior release.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.7-changes-to-setting-qemu-packageconfig-options'>
+ <title>Changes to Setting QEMU <filename>PACKAGECONFIG</filename> Options in <filename>local.conf</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The QEMU recipe now uses a number of
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGECONFIG'><filename>PACKAGECONFIG</filename></link>
+ options to enable various optional features.
+ The method used to set defaults for these options means that
+ existing
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> files will need to be be
+ modified to append to <filename>PACKAGECONFIG</filename> for
+ <filename>qemu-native</filename> and
+ <filename>nativesdk-qemu</filename> instead of setting it.
+ In other words, to enable graphical output for QEMU, you should
+ now have these lines in <filename>local.conf</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGECONFIG_append_pn-qemu-native = " sdl"
+ PACKAGECONFIG_append_pn-nativesdk-qemu = " sdl"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.7-minimum-git-version'>
+ <title>Minimum Git version</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The minimum
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#git'>Git</ulink> version required
+ on the build host is now 1.7.8 because the
+ <filename>--list</filename> option is now required by
+ BitBake's Git fetcher.
+ As always, if your host distribution does not provide a version of
+ Git that meets this requirement, you can use the
+ <filename>buildtools-tarball</filename> that does.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.7-autotools-class-changes'>
+ <title>Autotools Class Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></link>
+ class changes occurred:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ A separate build directory is now used by default:</emphasis>
+ The <filename>autotools</filename> class has been changed
+ to use a directory for building
+ (<link linkend='var-B'><filename>B</filename></link>),
+ which is separate from the source directory
+ (<link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link>).
+ This is commonly referred to as
+ <filename>B != S</filename>, or an out-of-tree build.</para>
+ <para>If the software being built is already capable of
+ building in a directory separate from the source, you
+ do not need to do anything.
+ However, if the software is not capable of being built
+ in this manner, you will
+ need to either patch the software so that it can build
+ separately, or you will need to change the recipe to
+ inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools-brokensep'><filename>autotools-brokensep</filename></link>
+ class instead of the <filename>autotools</filename> class.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ The <filename>--foreign</filename> option is
+ no longer passed to <filename>automake</filename> when
+ running <filename>autoconf</filename>:</emphasis>
+ This option tells <filename>automake</filename> that a
+ particular software package does not follow the GNU
+ standards and therefore should not be expected
+ to distribute certain files such as
+ <filename>ChangeLog</filename>,
+ <filename>AUTHORS</filename>, and so forth.
+ Because the majority of upstream software packages already
+ tell <filename>automake</filename> to enable foreign mode
+ themselves, the option is mostly superfluous.
+ However, some recipes will need patches for this change.
+ You can easily make the change by patching
+ <filename>configure.ac</filename> so that it passes
+ "foreign" to <filename>AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE()</filename>.
+ See
+ <ulink url='http://cgit.openembedded.org/openembedded-core/commit/?id=01943188f85ce6411717fb5bf702d609f55813f2'>this commit</ulink>
+ for an example showing how to make the patch.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.7-binary-configuration-scripts-disabled'>
+ <title>Binary Configuration Scripts Disabled</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Some of the core recipes that package binary configuration scripts
+ now disable the scripts due to the
+ scripts previously requiring error-prone path substitution.
+ Software that links against these libraries using these scripts
+ should use the much more robust <filename>pkg-config</filename>
+ instead.
+ The list of recipes changed in this version (and their
+ configuration scripts) is as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ directfb (directfb-config)
+ freetype (freetype-config)
+ gpgme (gpgme-config)
+ libassuan (libassuan-config)
+ libcroco (croco-6.0-config)
+ libgcrypt (libgcrypt-config)
+ libgpg-error (gpg-error-config)
+ libksba (ksba-config)
+ libpcap (pcap-config)
+ libpcre (pcre-config)
+ libpng (libpng-config, libpng16-config)
+ libsdl (sdl-config)
+ libusb-compat (libusb-config)
+ libxml2 (xml2-config)
+ libxslt (xslt-config)
+ ncurses (ncurses-config)
+ neon (neon-config)
+ npth (npth-config)
+ pth (pth-config)
+ taglib (taglib-config)
+ </literallayout>
+ Additionally, support for <filename>pkg-config</filename> has been
+ added to some recipes in the previous list in the rare cases
+ where the upstream software package does not already provide
+ it.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.7-glibc-replaces-eglibc'>
+ <title><filename>eglibc 2.19</filename> Replaced with <filename>glibc 2.20</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Because <filename>eglibc</filename> and
+ <filename>glibc</filename> were already fairly close, this
+ replacement should not require any significant changes to other
+ software that links to <filename>eglibc</filename>.
+ However, there were a number of minor changes in
+ <filename>glibc 2.20</filename> upstream that could require
+ patching some software (e.g. the removal of the
+ <filename>_BSD_SOURCE</filename> feature test macro).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>glibc 2.20</filename> requires version 2.6.32 or greater
+ of the Linux kernel.
+ Thus, older kernels will no longer be usable in conjunction with it.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For full details on the changes in <filename>glibc 2.20</filename>,
+ see the upstream release notes
+ <ulink url='https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2014-09/msg00088.html'>here</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.7-kernel-module-autoloading'>
+ <title>Kernel Module Autoloading</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-module_autoload'><filename>module_autoload_*</filename></link>
+ variable is now deprecated and a new
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD'><filename>KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD</filename></link>
+ variable should be used instead.
+ Also,
+ <link linkend='var-module_conf'><filename>module_conf_*</filename></link>
+ must now be used in conjunction with a new
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF'><filename>KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ The new variables no longer require you to specify the module name
+ as part of the variable name.
+ This change not only simplifies usage but also allows the values
+ of these variables to be appropriately incorporated into task
+ signatures and thus trigger the appropriate tasks to re-execute
+ when changed.
+ You should replace any references to
+ <filename>module_autoload_*</filename> with
+ <filename>KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD</filename>, and add any modules
+ for which <filename>module_conf_*</filename> is specified to
+ <filename>KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information, see the
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD'><filename>KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF'><filename>KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.7-qa-check-changes'>
+ <title>QA Check Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following changes have occurred to the QA check process:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Additional QA checks <filename>file-rdeps</filename>
+ and <filename>build-deps</filename> have been added in
+ order to verify that file dependencies are satisfied
+ (e.g. package contains a script requiring
+ <filename>/bin/bash</filename>) and build-time dependencies
+ are declared, respectively.
+ For more information, please see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-qa-checks'>QA Error and Warning Messages</link>"
+ chapter.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Package QA checks are now performed during a new
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package_qa'><filename>do_package_qa</filename></link>
+ task rather than being part of the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package'><filename>do_package</filename></link>
+ task.
+ This allows more parallel execution.
+ This change is unlikely to be an issue except for highly
+ customized recipes that disable packaging tasks themselves
+ by marking them as <filename>noexec</filename>.
+ For those packages, you will need to disable the
+ <filename>do_package_qa</filename> task as well.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Files being overwritten during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-populate_sysroot'><filename>do_populate_sysroot</filename></link>
+ task now trigger an error instead of a warning.
+ Recipes should not be overwriting files written to the
+ sysroot by other recipes.
+ If you have these types of recipes, you need to alter them
+ so that they do not overwrite these files.</para>
+ <para>You might now receive this error after changes in
+ configuration or metadata resulting in orphaned files
+ being left in the sysroot.
+ If you do receive this error, the way to resolve the issue
+ is to delete your
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ or to move it out of the way and then re-start the build.
+ Anything that has been fully built up to that point and
+ does not need rebuilding will be restored from the shared
+ state cache and the rest of the build will be able to
+ proceed as normal.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.7-removed-recipes'>
+ <title>Removed Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following recipes have been removed:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>x-load</filename>:
+ This recipe has been superseded by
+ U-boot SPL for all Cortex-based TI SoCs.
+ For legacy boards, the <filename>meta-ti</filename>
+ layer, which contains a maintained recipe, should be used
+ instead.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>ubootchart</filename>:
+ This recipe is obsolete.
+ A <filename>bootchart2</filename> recipe has been added
+ to functionally replace it.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>linux-yocto 3.4</filename>:
+ Support for the linux-yocto 3.4 kernel has been dropped.
+ Support for the 3.10 and 3.14 kernels remains, while
+ support for version 3.17 has been added.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>eglibc</filename> has been removed in favor of
+ <filename>glibc</filename>.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='migration-1.7-glibc-replaces-eglibc'><filename>eglibc 2.19</filename> Replaced with <filename>glibc 2.20</filename></link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.7-miscellaneous-changes'>
+ <title>Miscellaneous Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following miscellaneous change occurred:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The build history feature now writes
+ <filename>build-id.txt</filename> instead of
+ <filename>build-id</filename>.
+ Additionally, <filename>build-id.txt</filename>
+ now contains the full build header as printed by
+ BitBake upon starting the build.
+ You should manually remove old "build-id" files from your
+ existing build history repositories to avoid confusion.
+ For information on the build history feature, see the
+ "<link linkend='maintaining-build-output-quality'>Maintaining Build Output Quality</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='moving-to-the-yocto-project-1.8-release'>
+ <title>Moving to the Yocto Project 1.8 Release</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides migration information for moving to the
+ Yocto Project 1.8 Release from the prior release.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.8-removed-recipes'>
+ <title>Removed Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following recipes have been removed:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>owl-video</filename>:
+ Functionality replaced by <filename>gst-player</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gaku</filename>:
+ Functionality replaced by <filename>gst-player</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gnome-desktop</filename>:
+ This recipe is now available in
+ <filename>meta-gnome</filename> and is no longer needed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gsettings-desktop-schemas</filename>:
+ This recipe is now available in
+ <filename>meta-gnome</filename> and is no longer needed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>python-argparse</filename>:
+ The <filename>argparse</filename> module is already
+ provided in the default Python distribution in a
+ package named <filename>python-argparse</filename>.
+ Consequently, the separate
+ <filename>python-argparse</filename> recipe is no
+ longer needed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>telepathy-python, libtelepathy, telepathy-glib, telepathy-idle, telepathy-mission-control</filename>:
+ All these recipes have moved to
+ <filename>meta-oe</filename> and are consequently no
+ longer needed by any recipes in OpenEmbedded-Core.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>linux-yocto_3.10</filename> and <filename>linux-yocto_3.17</filename>:
+ Support for the linux-yocto 3.10 and 3.17 kernels has been
+ dropped.
+ Support for the 3.14 kernel remains, while support for
+ 3.19 kernel has been added.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>poky-feed-config-opkg</filename>:
+ This recipe has become obsolete and is no longer needed.
+ Use <filename>distro-feed-config</filename> from
+ <filename>meta-oe</filename> instead.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>libav 0.8.x</filename>:
+ <filename>libav 9.x</filename> is now used.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>sed-native</filename>:
+ No longer needed.
+ A working version of <filename>sed</filename> is expected
+ to be provided by the host distribution.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.8-bluez'>
+ <title>BlueZ 4.x / 5.x Selection</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Proper built-in support for selecting BlueZ 5.x in preference
+ to the default of 4.x now exists.
+ To use BlueZ 5.x, simply add "bluez5" to your
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ value.
+ If you had previously added append files
+ (<filename>*.bbappend</filename>) to make this selection, you can
+ now remove them.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Additionally, a
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-bluetooth'><filename>bluetooth</filename></link>
+ class has been added to make selection of the appropriate bluetooth
+ support within a recipe a little easier.
+ If you wish to make use of this class in a recipe, add something
+ such as the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ inherit bluetooth
+ PACKAGECONFIG ??= "${@bb.utils.contains('DISTRO_FEATURES', 'bluetooth', '${BLUEZ}', '', d)}
+ PACKAGECONFIG[bluez4] = "--enable-bluetooth,--disable-bluetooth,bluez4"
+ PACKAGECONFIG[bluez5] = "--enable-bluez5,--disable-bluez5,bluez5"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.8-kernel-build-changes'>
+ <title>Kernel Build Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The kernel build process was changed to place the source
+ in a common shared work area and to place build artifacts
+ separately in the source code tree.
+ In theory, migration paths have been provided for most common
+ usages in kernel recipes but this might not work in all cases.
+ In particular, users need to ensure that
+ <filename>${S}</filename> (source files) and
+ <filename>${B}</filename> (build artifacts) are used
+ correctly in functions such as
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>.
+ For kernel recipes that do not inherit from
+ <filename>kernel-yocto</filename> or include
+ <filename>linux-yocto.inc</filename>, you might wish to
+ refer to the <filename>linux.inc</filename> file in the
+ <filename>meta-oe</filename> layer for the kinds of changes you
+ need to make.
+ For reference, here is the
+ <ulink url='http://cgit.openembedded.org/meta-openembedded/commit/meta-oe/recipes-kernel/linux/linux.inc?id=fc7132ede27ac67669448d3d2845ce7d46c6a1ee'>commit</ulink>
+ where the <filename>linux.inc</filename> file in
+ <filename>meta-oe</filename> was updated.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Recipes that rely on the kernel source code and do not inherit
+ the module classes might need to add explicit dependencies on
+ the <filename>do_shared_workdir</filename> kernel task, for example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ do_configure[depends] += "virtual/kernel:do_shared_workdir"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.8-ssl'>
+ <title>SSL 3.0 is Now Disabled in OpenSSL</title>
+
+ <para>
+ SSL 3.0 is now disabled when building OpenSSL.
+ Disabling SSL 3.0 avoids any lingering instances of the POODLE
+ vulnerability.
+ If you feel you must re-enable SSL 3.0, then you can add an
+ append file (<filename>*.bbappend</filename>) for the
+ <filename>openssl</filename> recipe to remove "-no-ssl3"
+ from
+ <link linkend='var-EXTRA_OECONF'><filename>EXTRA_OECONF</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.8-default-sysroot-poisoning'>
+ <title>Default Sysroot Poisoning</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>gcc's</filename> default sysroot and include directories
+ are now "poisoned".
+ In other words, the sysroot and include directories are being
+ redirected to a non-existent location in order to catch when
+ host directories are being used due to the correct options not
+ being passed.
+ This poisoning applies both to the cross-compiler used within the
+ build and to the cross-compiler produced in the SDK.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If this change causes something in the build to fail, it almost
+ certainly means the various compiler flags and commands are not
+ being passed correctly to the underlying piece of software.
+ In such cases, you need to take corrective steps.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.8-rebuild-improvements'>
+ <title>Rebuild Improvements</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Changes have been made to the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-base'><filename>base</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-cmake'><filename>cmake</filename></link>
+ classes to clean out generated files when the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ task needs to be re-executed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ One of the improvements is to attempt to run "make clean" during
+ the <filename>do_configure</filename> task if a
+ <filename>Makefile</filename> exists.
+ Some software packages do not provide a working clean target
+ within their make files.
+ If you have such recipes, you need to set
+ <link linkend='var-CLEANBROKEN'><filename>CLEANBROKEN</filename></link>
+ to "1" within the recipe, for example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ CLEANBROKEN = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.8-qa-check-and-validation-changes'>
+ <title>QA Check and Validation Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following QA Check and Validation Changes have occurred:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Usage of <filename>PRINC</filename>
+ previously triggered a warning.
+ It now triggers an error.
+ You should remove any remaining usage of
+ <filename>PRINC</filename> in any recipe or append file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ An additional QA check has been added to detect usage of
+ <filename>${D}</filename> in
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>
+ values where
+ <link linkend='var-D'><filename>D</filename></link> values
+ should not be used at all.
+ The same check ensures that <filename>$D</filename> is used
+ in
+ <filename>pkg_preinst/pkg_postinst/pkg_prerm/pkg_postrm</filename>
+ functions instead of <filename>${D}</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link> now
+ needs to be set to a valid value within a recipe.
+ If <filename>S</filename> is not set in the recipe, the
+ directory is not automatically created.
+ If <filename>S</filename> does not point to a directory
+ that exists at the time the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-unpack'><filename>do_unpack</filename></link>
+ task finishes, a warning will be shown.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE'><filename>LICENSE</filename></link>
+ is now validated for correct formatting of multiple
+ licenses.
+ If the format is invalid (e.g. multiple licenses are
+ specified with no operators to specify how the multiple
+ licenses interact), then a warning will be shown.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='migration-1.8-miscellaneous-changes'>
+ <title>Miscellaneous Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following miscellaneous changes have occurred:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>send-error-report</filename> script now
+ expects a "-s" option to be specified before the server
+ address.
+ This assumes a server address is being specified.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>oe-pkgdata-util</filename> script now
+ expects a "-p" option to be specified before the
+ <filename>pkgdata</filename> directory, which is now
+ optional.
+ If the <filename>pkgdata</filename> directory is not
+ specified, the script will run BitBake to query
+ <link linkend='var-PKGDATA_DIR'><filename>PKGDATA_DIR</filename></link>
+ from the build environment.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-bitbake.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-bitbake.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc402db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-bitbake.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='ref-bitbake'>
+
+ <title>BitBake</title>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake is a program written in Python that interprets the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink> used by
+ the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ At some point, developers wonder what actually happens when you enter:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake core-image-sato
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This chapter provides an overview of what happens behind the scenes from BitBake's perspective.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ BitBake strives to be a generic "task" executor that is capable of handling complex dependency relationships.
+ As such, it has no real knowledge of what the tasks being executed actually do.
+ BitBake just considers a list of tasks with dependencies and handles
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ consisting of variables in a certain format that get passed to the tasks.
+ </note>
+
+ <section id='ref-bitbake-parsing'>
+ <title>Parsing</title>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake parses configuration files, classes, and <filename>.bb</filename> files.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The first thing BitBake does is look for the <filename>bitbake.conf</filename> file.
+ This file resides in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ within the <filename>meta/conf/</filename> directory.
+ BitBake finds it by examining its
+ <link linkend='var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></link> environment
+ variable and looking for the <filename>meta/conf/</filename>
+ directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>bitbake.conf</filename> file lists other configuration
+ files to include from a <filename>conf/</filename>
+ directory below the directories listed in <filename>BBPATH</filename>.
+ In general, the most important configuration file from a user's perspective
+ is <filename>local.conf</filename>, which contains a user's customized
+ settings for the OpenEmbedded build environment.
+ Other notable configuration files are the distribution
+ configuration file (set by the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DISTRO'>DISTRO</link></filename> variable)
+ and the machine configuration file
+ (set by the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE'>MACHINE</link></filename> variable).
+ The <filename>DISTRO</filename> and <filename>MACHINE</filename> BitBake environment
+ variables are both usually set in
+ the <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ Valid distribution
+ configuration files are available in the <filename>meta/conf/distro/</filename> directory
+ and valid machine configuration
+ files in the <filename>meta/conf/machine/</filename> directory.
+ Within the <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/</filename>
+ directory are various <filename>tune-*.inc</filename> configuration files that provide common
+ "tuning" settings specific to and shared between particular architectures and machines.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ After the parsing of the configuration files, some standard classes are included.
+ The <filename>base.bbclass</filename> file is always included.
+ Other classes that are specified in the configuration using the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-INHERIT'>INHERIT</link></filename>
+ variable are also included.
+ Class files are searched for in a <filename>classes</filename> subdirectory
+ under the paths in <filename>BBPATH</filename> in the same way as
+ configuration files.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ After classes are included, the variable
+ <filename><link linkend='var-BBFILES'>BBFILES</link></filename>
+ is set, usually in
+ <filename>local.conf</filename>, and defines the list of places to search for
+ <filename>.bb</filename> files.
+ By default, the <filename>BBFILES</filename> variable specifies the
+ <filename>meta/recipes-*/</filename> directory within Poky.
+ Adding extra content to <filename>BBFILES</filename> is best achieved through the use of
+ BitBake layers as described in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding and
+ Creating Layers</ulink>" section of the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake parses each <filename>.bb</filename> file in <filename>BBFILES</filename> and
+ stores the values of various variables.
+ In summary, for each <filename>.bb</filename>
+ file the configuration plus the base class of variables are set, followed
+ by the data in the <filename>.bb</filename> file
+ itself, followed by any inherit commands that
+ <filename>.bb</filename> file might contain.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because parsing <filename>.bb</filename> files is a time
+ consuming process, a cache is kept to speed up subsequent parsing.
+ This cache is invalid if the timestamp of the <filename>.bb</filename>
+ file itself changes, or if the timestamps of any of the include,
+ configuration files or class files on which the
+ <filename>.bb</filename> file depends change.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ You need to be aware of how BitBake parses curly braces.
+ If a recipe uses a closing curly brace within the function and
+ the character has no leading spaces, BitBake produces a parsing
+ error.
+ If you use a pair of curly brace in a shell function, the
+ closing curly brace must not be located at the start of the line
+ without leading spaces.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example that causes BitBake to produce a parsing
+ error:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ fakeroot create_shar() {
+ cat << "EOF" > ${SDK_DEPLOY}/${TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME}.sh
+ usage()
+ {
+ echo "test"
+ ###### The following "}" at the start of the line causes a parsing error ######
+ }
+ EOF
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ Writing the recipe this way avoids the error:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ fakeroot create_shar() {
+ cat << "EOF" > ${SDK_DEPLOY}/${TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME}.sh
+ usage()
+ {
+ echo "test"
+ ######The following "}" with a leading space at the start of the line avoids the error ######
+ }
+ EOF
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-bitbake-providers'>
+ <title>Preferences and Providers</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once all the <filename>.bb</filename> files have been
+ parsed, BitBake starts to build the target (<filename>core-image-sato</filename>
+ in the previous section's example) and looks for providers of that target.
+ Once a provider is selected, BitBake resolves all the dependencies for
+ the target.
+ In the case of <filename>core-image-sato</filename>, it would lead to
+ <filename>packagegroup-core-x11-sato</filename>,
+ which in turn leads to recipes like <filename>matchbox-terminal</filename>,
+ <filename>pcmanfm</filename> and <filename>gthumb</filename>.
+ These recipes in turn depend on <filename>glibc</filename> and the toolchain.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Sometimes a target might have multiple providers.
+ A common example is "virtual/kernel", which is provided by each kernel package.
+ Each machine often selects the best kernel provider by using a line similar to the
+ following in the machine configuration file:
+ </para>
+
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/kernel = "linux-yocto"
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <para>
+ The default <filename><link linkend='var-PREFERRED_PROVIDER'>PREFERRED_PROVIDER</link></filename>
+ is the provider with the same name as the target.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Understanding how providers are chosen is made complicated by the fact
+ that multiple versions might exist.
+ BitBake defaults to the highest version of a provider.
+ Version comparisons are made using the same method as Debian.
+ You can use the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-PREFERRED_VERSION'>PREFERRED_VERSION</link></filename>
+ variable to specify a particular version (usually in the distro configuration).
+ You can influence the order by using the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DEFAULT_PREFERENCE'>DEFAULT_PREFERENCE</link></filename>
+ variable.
+ By default, files have a preference of "0".
+ Setting the <filename>DEFAULT_PREFERENCE</filename> to "-1" makes the
+ package unlikely to be used unless it is explicitly referenced.
+ Setting the <filename>DEFAULT_PREFERENCE</filename> to "1" makes it likely the package is used.
+ <filename>PREFERRED_VERSION</filename> overrides any <filename>DEFAULT_PREFERENCE</filename> setting.
+ <filename>DEFAULT_PREFERENCE</filename> is often used to mark newer and more experimental package
+ versions until they have undergone sufficient testing to be considered stable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In summary, BitBake has created a list of providers, which is prioritized, for each target.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-bitbake-dependencies'>
+ <title>Dependencies</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Each target BitBake builds consists of multiple tasks such as
+ <filename>fetch</filename>, <filename>unpack</filename>,
+ <filename>patch</filename>, <filename>configure</filename>,
+ and <filename>compile</filename>.
+ For best performance on multi-core systems, BitBake considers each task as an independent
+ entity with its own set of dependencies.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Dependencies are defined through several variables.
+ You can find information about variables BitBake uses in the BitBake documentation,
+ which is found in the <filename>bitbake/doc/manual</filename> directory within the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ At a basic level, it is sufficient to know that BitBake uses the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DEPENDS'>DEPENDS</link></filename> and
+ <filename><link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'>RDEPENDS</link></filename> variables when
+ calculating dependencies.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-bitbake-tasklist'>
+ <title>The Task List</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Based on the generated list of providers and the dependency information,
+ BitBake can now calculate exactly what tasks it needs to run and in what
+ order it needs to run them.
+ The build now starts with BitBake forking off threads up to the limit set in the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-BB_NUMBER_THREADS'>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</link></filename> variable.
+ BitBake continues to fork threads as long as there are tasks ready to run,
+ those tasks have all their dependencies met, and the thread threshold has not been
+ exceeded.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is worth noting that you can greatly speed up the build time by properly setting
+ the <filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> variable.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#qs-building-images'>Building Images</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Quick Start for more information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As each task completes, a timestamp is written to the directory specified by the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-STAMP'>STAMP</link></filename> variable.
+ On subsequent runs, BitBake looks within the <filename>build/tmp/stamps</filename>
+ directory and does not rerun
+ tasks that are already completed unless a timestamp is found to be invalid.
+ Currently, invalid timestamps are only considered on a per
+ <filename>.bb</filename> file basis.
+ So, for example, if the configure stamp has a timestamp greater than the
+ compile timestamp for a given target, then the compile task would rerun.
+ Running the compile task again, however, has no effect on other providers
+ that depend on that target.
+ This behavior could change or become configurable in future versions of BitBake.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Some tasks are marked as "nostamp" tasks.
+ No timestamp file is created when these tasks are run.
+ Consequently, "nostamp" tasks are always rerun.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-bitbake-runtask'>
+ <title>Running a Task</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Tasks can either be a shell task or a Python task.
+ For shell tasks, BitBake writes a shell script to
+ <filename>${WORKDIR}/temp/run.do_taskname.pid</filename> and then executes the script.
+ The generated shell script contains all the exported variables, and the shell functions
+ with all variables expanded.
+ Output from the shell script goes to the file <filename>${WORKDIR}/temp/log.do_taskname.pid</filename>.
+ Looking at the expanded shell functions in the run file and the output in the log files
+ is a useful debugging technique.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For Python tasks, BitBake executes the task internally and logs information to the
+ controlling terminal.
+ Future versions of BitBake will write the functions to files similar to the way
+ shell tasks are handled.
+ Logging will be handled in a way similar to shell tasks as well.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once all the tasks have been completed BitBake exits.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When running a task, BitBake tightly controls the execution environment
+ of the build tasks to make sure unwanted contamination from the build machine
+ cannot influence the build.
+ Consequently, if you do want something to get passed into the build
+ task's environment, you must take a few steps:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Tell BitBake to load what you want from the environment
+ into the data store.
+ You can do so through the <filename>BB_ENV_EXTRAWHITE</filename>
+ variable.
+ For example, assume you want to prevent the build system from
+ accessing your <filename>$HOME/.ccache</filename> directory.
+ The following command tells BitBake to load
+ <filename>CCACHE_DIR</filename> from the environment into the data
+ store:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ export BB_ENV_EXTRAWHITE="$BB_ENV_EXTRAWHITE CCACHE_DIR"
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Tell BitBake to export what you have loaded into the
+ environment store to the task environment of every running task.
+ Loading something from the environment into the data store
+ (previous step) only makes it available in the datastore.
+ To export it to the task environment of every running task,
+ use a command similar to the following in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> or distro configuration file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ export CCACHE_DIR
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ A side effect of the previous steps is that BitBake records the variable
+ as a dependency of the build process in things like the shared state
+ checksums.
+ If doing so results in unnecessary rebuilds of tasks, you can whitelist the
+ variable so that the shared state code ignores the dependency when it creates
+ checksums.
+ For information on this process, see the <filename>BB_HASHBASE_WHITELIST</filename>
+ example in the "<link linkend='checksums'>Checksums (Signatures)</link>" section.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-bitbake-commandline'>
+ <title>BitBake Command Line</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is the BitBake help output:
+ </para>
+
+ <screen>
+$ bitbake --help
+Usage: bitbake [options] [recipename/target ...]
+
+ Executes the specified task (default is 'build') for a given set of target recipes (.bb files).
+ It is assumed there is a conf/bblayers.conf available in cwd or in BBPATH which
+ will provide the layer, BBFILES and other configuration information.
+
+Options:
+ --version show program's version number and exit
+ -h, --help show this help message and exit
+ -b BUILDFILE, --buildfile=BUILDFILE
+ Execute tasks from a specific .bb recipe directly.
+ WARNING: Does not handle any dependencies from other
+ recipes.
+ -k, --continue Continue as much as possible after an error. While the
+ target that failed and anything depending on it cannot
+ be built, as much as possible will be built before
+ stopping.
+ -a, --tryaltconfigs Continue with builds by trying to use alternative
+ providers where possible.
+ -f, --force Force the specified targets/task to run (invalidating
+ any existing stamp file).
+ -c CMD, --cmd=CMD Specify the task to execute. The exact options
+ available depend on the metadata. Some examples might
+ be 'compile' or 'populate_sysroot' or 'listtasks' may
+ give a list of the tasks available.
+ -C INVALIDATE_STAMP, --clear-stamp=INVALIDATE_STAMP
+ Invalidate the stamp for the specified task such as
+ 'compile' and then run the default task for the
+ specified target(s).
+ -r PREFILE, --read=PREFILE
+ Read the specified file before bitbake.conf.
+ -R POSTFILE, --postread=POSTFILE
+ Read the specified file after bitbake.conf.
+ -v, --verbose Output more log message data to the terminal.
+ -D, --debug Increase the debug level. You can specify this more
+ than once.
+ -n, --dry-run Don't execute, just go through the motions.
+ -S, --dump-signatures
+ Don't execute, just dump out the signature
+ construction information.
+ -p, --parse-only Quit after parsing the BB recipes.
+ -s, --show-versions Show current and preferred versions of all recipes.
+ -e, --environment Show the global or per-package environment complete
+ with information about where variables were
+ set/changed.
+ -g, --graphviz Save dependency tree information for the specified
+ targets in the dot syntax.
+ -I EXTRA_ASSUME_PROVIDED, --ignore-deps=EXTRA_ASSUME_PROVIDED
+ Assume these dependencies don't exist and are already
+ provided (equivalent to ASSUME_PROVIDED). Useful to
+ make dependency graphs more appealing
+ -l DEBUG_DOMAINS, --log-domains=DEBUG_DOMAINS
+ Show debug logging for the specified logging domains
+ -P, --profile Profile the command and save reports.
+ -u UI, --ui=UI The user interface to use (e.g. knotty, hob, depexp).
+ -t SERVERTYPE, --servertype=SERVERTYPE
+ Choose which server to use, process or xmlrpc.
+ --revisions-changed Set the exit code depending on whether upstream
+ floating revisions have changed or not.
+ --server-only Run bitbake without a UI, only starting a server
+ (cooker) process.
+ -B BIND, --bind=BIND The name/address for the bitbake server to bind to.
+ --no-setscene Do not run any setscene tasks. sstate will be ignored
+ and everything needed, built.
+ --remote-server=REMOTE_SERVER
+ Connect to the specified server.
+ -m, --kill-server Terminate the remote server.
+ --observe-only Connect to a server as an observing-only client.
+ </screen>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-bitbake-fetchers'>
+ <title>Fetchers</title>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake also contains a set of "fetcher" modules that allow
+ retrieval of source code from various types of sources.
+ For example, BitBake can get source code from a disk with the metadata, from websites,
+ from remote shell accounts, or from Source Code Management (SCM) systems
+ like <filename>cvs/subversion/git</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Fetchers are usually triggered by entries in
+ <filename><link linkend='var-SRC_URI'>SRC_URI</link></filename>.
+ You can find information about the options and formats of entries for specific
+ fetchers in the BitBake manual located in the
+ <filename>bitbake/doc/manual</filename> directory of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ One useful feature for certain Source Code Manager (SCM) fetchers is the ability to
+ "auto-update" when the upstream SCM changes version.
+ Since this ability requires certain functionality from the SCM, not all
+ systems support it.
+ Currently Subversion, Bazaar and to a limited extent, Git support the ability to "auto-update".
+ This feature works using the <filename><link linkend='var-SRCREV'>SRCREV</link></filename>
+ variable.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#platdev-appdev-srcrev'>Using an External SCM</ulink>" section
+ in the Yocto Project Development Manual for more information.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4 spell spelllang=en_gb
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-classes.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-classes.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d87c9ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-classes.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,3539 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='ref-classes'>
+<title>Classes</title>
+
+<para>
+ Class files are used to abstract common functionality and share it amongst
+ multiple recipe (<filename>.bb</filename>) files.
+ To use a class file, you simply make sure the recipe inherits the class.
+ In most cases, when a recipe inherits a class it is enough to enable its
+ features.
+ There are cases, however, where in the recipe you might need to set
+ variables or override some default behavior.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+ Any <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink> usually
+ found in a recipe can also be placed in a class file.
+ Class files are identified by the extension <filename>.bbclass</filename>
+ and are usually placed in a <filename>classes/</filename> directory beneath
+ the <filename>meta*/</filename> directory found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ Class files can also be pointed to by
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDDIR'><filename>BUILDDIR</filename></link>
+ (e.g. <filename>build/</filename>) in the same way as
+ <filename>.conf</filename> files in the <filename>conf</filename> directory.
+ Class files are searched for in
+ <link linkend='var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></link>
+ using the same method by which <filename>.conf</filename> files are
+ searched.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+ This chapter discusses only the most useful and important classes.
+ Other classes do exist within the <filename>meta/classes</filename>
+ directory in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ You can reference the <filename>.bbclass</filename> files directly
+ for more information.
+</para>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-allarch'>
+ <title><filename>allarch.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>allarch</filename> class is inherited
+ by recipes that do not produce architecture-specific output.
+ The class disables functionality that is normally needed for recipes
+ that produce executable binaries (such as building the cross-compiler
+ and a C library as pre-requisites, and splitting out of debug symbols
+ during packaging).
+ <note>
+ Unlike e.g. Debian, OpenEmbedded recipes that produce packages
+ which
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>
+ on
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_PKGARCH'><filename>TUNE_PKGARCH</filename></link>
+ packages should never be made <filename>allarch</filename>, even
+ if they do not produce architecture-specific output. This would
+ cause the do_package_write_* tasks to have different signatures
+ for
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>s
+ with different
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_PKGARCH'><filename>TUNE_PKGARCH</filename></link>,
+ thus unnecessary rebuilds every single time an image for a different
+ MACHINE is built (even without any change to the recipe).
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, all recipes inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-base'><filename>base</filename></link> and
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package'><filename>package</filename></link>
+ classes, which enable functionality
+ needed for recipes that produce executable output.
+ If your recipe, for example, only produces packages that contain
+ configuration files, media files, or scripts (e.g. Python and Perl),
+ then it should inherit the <filename>allarch</filename> class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-archiver'>
+ <title><filename>archiver.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>archiver</filename> class supports releasing
+ source code and other materials with the binaries.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more details on the source archiver, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#maintaining-open-source-license-compliance-during-your-products-lifecycle'>Maintaining Open Source License Compliance During Your Product's Lifecycle</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ You can also see the
+ <link linkend='var-ARCHIVER_MODE'><filename>ARCHIVER_MODE</filename></link>
+ variable for information about the variable flags (varflags)
+ that help control archive creation.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-autotools'>
+ <title><filename>autotools.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>autotools</filename> class supports Autotooled
+ packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>autoconf</filename>, <filename>automake</filename>,
+ and <filename>libtool</filename> bring standardization.
+ This class defines a set of tasks (configure, compile etc.) that
+ work for all Autotooled packages.
+ It should usually be enough to define a few standard variables
+ and then simply <filename>inherit autotools</filename>.
+ This class can also work with software that emulates Autotools.
+ For more information, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#new-recipe-autotooled-package'>Autotooled Package</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the <filename>autotools</filename> class
+ uses out-of-tree builds
+ (<link linkend='var-B'><filename>B</filename></link> <filename>!=</filename>
+ <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link>).
+ If the software being built by a recipe does not support
+ using out-of-tree builds, you should have the recipe inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools-brokensep'><filename>autotools-brokensep</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It's useful to have some idea of how the tasks defined by this class work
+ and what they do behind the scenes.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link> -
+ Regenerates the
+ configure script (using <filename>autoreconf</filename>) and then launches it
+ with a standard set of arguments used during cross-compilation.
+ You can pass additional parameters to <filename>configure</filename> through the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-EXTRA_OECONF'>EXTRA_OECONF</link></filename> variable.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link> - Runs <filename>make</filename> with
+ arguments that specify the compiler and linker.
+ You can pass additional arguments through
+ the <filename><link linkend='var-EXTRA_OEMAKE'>EXTRA_OEMAKE</link></filename> variable.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link> - Runs <filename>make install</filename>
+ and passes in
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-D'><filename>D</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ as <filename>DESTDIR</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-autotools-brokensep'>
+ <title><filename>autotools-brokensep.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>autotools-brokensep</filename> class behaves the same
+ as the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></link>
+ class but builds with
+ <link linkend='var-B'><filename>B</filename></link> ==
+ <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link>.
+ This method is useful when out-of-tree build support is either not
+ present or is broken.
+ <note>
+ It is recommended that out-of-tree support be fixed and used
+ if at all possible.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-base'>
+ <title><filename>base.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>base</filename> class is special in that every
+ <filename>.bb</filename> file implicitly inherits the class.
+ This class contains definitions for standard basic
+ tasks such as fetching, unpacking, configuring (empty by default),
+ compiling (runs any <filename>Makefile</filename> present), installing
+ (empty by default) and packaging (empty by default).
+ These classes are often overridden or extended by other classes
+ such as the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></link>
+ class or the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package'><filename>package</filename></link>
+ class.
+ The class also contains some commonly used functions such as
+ <filename>oe_runmake</filename>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-bin-package'>
+ <title><filename>bin_package.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>bin_package</filename> class is a
+ helper class for recipes that extract the contents of a binary package
+ (e.g. an RPM) and install those contents rather than building the
+ binary from source.
+ The binary package is extracted and new packages in the configured
+ output package format are created.
+ Extraction and installation of proprietary binaries is a good example
+ use for this class.
+ <note>
+ For RPMs and other packages that do not contain a subdirectory,
+ you should specify a "subdir" parameter.
+ Here is an example where <filename>${BP}</filename> is used so that
+ the files are extracted into the subdirectory expected by the
+ default value of
+ <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI = "http://example.com/downloads/somepackage.rpm;subdir=${BP}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-binconfig'>
+ <title><filename>binconfig.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>binconfig</filename> class helps to correct paths in
+ shell scripts.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before <filename>pkg-config</filename> had become widespread, libraries
+ shipped shell scripts to give information about the libraries and
+ include paths needed to build software (usually named
+ <filename>LIBNAME-config</filename>).
+ This class assists any recipe using such scripts.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ During staging, the OpenEmbedded build system installs such scripts
+ into the <filename>sysroots/</filename> directory.
+ Inheriting this class results in all paths in these scripts being
+ changed to point into the <filename>sysroots/</filename> directory so
+ that all builds that use the script use the correct directories
+ for the cross compiling layout.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-BINCONFIG_GLOB'><filename>BINCONFIG_GLOB</filename></link>
+ variable for more information.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-binconfig-disabled'>
+ <title><filename>binconfig-disabled.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ An alternative version of the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-binconfig'><filename>binconfig</filename></link>
+ class, which disables binary configuration scripts by making them
+ return an error in favor of using <filename>pkg-config</filename>
+ to query the information.
+ The scripts to be disabled should be specified using the
+ <link linkend='var-BINCONFIG'><filename>BINCONFIG</filename></link>
+ variable within the recipe inheriting the class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-blacklist'>
+ <title><filename>blacklist.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>blacklist</filename> class prevents
+ the OpenEmbedded build system from building specific recipes
+ (blacklists them).
+ To use this class, inherit the class globally and set
+ <link linkend='var-PNBLACKLIST'><filename>PNBLACKLIST</filename></link>
+ for each recipe you wish to blacklist.
+ Specify the <link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link>
+ value as a variable flag (varflag) and provide a reason, which is
+ reported, if the package is requested to be built as the value.
+ For example, if you want to blacklist a recipe called "exoticware",
+ you add the following to your <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ or distribution configuration:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "blacklist"
+ PNBLACKLIST[exoticware] = "Not supported by our organization."
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-bluetooth'>
+ <title><filename>bluetooth.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>bluetooth</filename> class defines a variable that
+ expands to the recipe (package) providing core
+ bluetooth support on the platform.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For details on how the class works, see the
+ <filename>meta/classes/bluetooth.bbclass</filename> file in the Yocto
+ Project
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-boot-directdisk'>
+ <title><filename>boot-directdisk.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>boot-directdisk</filename> class
+ creates an image that can be placed directly onto a hard disk using
+ <filename>dd</filename> and then booted.
+ The image uses SYSLINUX.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The end result is a 512 boot sector populated with a
+ Master Boot Record (MBR) and partition table followed by an MSDOS
+ FAT16 partition containing SYSLINUX and a Linux kernel completed by
+ the <filename>ext2</filename> and <filename>ext3</filename>
+ root filesystems.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-bootimg'>
+ <title><filename>bootimg.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>bootimg</filename> class creates a bootable
+ image using SYSLINUX, your kernel, and an optional initial RAM disk
+ (<filename>initrd</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you use this class, two things happen:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ A <filename>.hddimg</filename> file is created.
+ This file is an MSDOS filesystem that contains SYSLINUX,
+ a kernel, an <filename>initrd</filename>, and a root filesystem
+ image.
+ All three of these can be written to hard drives directly and
+ also booted on a USB flash disks using <filename>dd</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ A CD <filename>.iso</filename> image is created.
+ When this file is booted, the <filename>initrd</filename>
+ boots and processes the label selected in SYSLINUX.
+ Actions based on the label are then performed (e.g. installing
+ to a hard drive).</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>bootimg</filename> class supports the
+ <link linkend='var-INITRD'><filename>INITRD</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-NOISO'><filename>NOISO</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-NOHDD'><filename>NOHDD</filename></link>, and
+ <link linkend='var-ROOTFS'><filename>ROOTFS</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-bugzilla'>
+ <title><filename>bugzilla.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>bugzilla</filename> class supports setting up an
+ instance of Bugzilla in which you can automatically files bug reports
+ in response to build failures.
+ For this class to work, you need to enable the XML-RPC interface in
+ the instance of Bugzilla.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-buildhistory'>
+ <title><filename>buildhistory.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>buildhistory</filename> class records a
+ history of build output metadata, which can be used to detect possible
+ regressions as well as used for analysis of the build output.
+ For more information on using Build History, see the
+ "<link linkend='maintaining-build-output-quality'>Maintaining Build Output Quality</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-buildstats'>
+ <title><filename>buildstats.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>buildstats</filename> class records
+ performance statistics about each task executed during the build
+ (e.g. elapsed time, CPU usage, and I/O usage).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you use this class, the output goes into the
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDSTATS_BASE'><filename>BUILDSTATS_BASE</filename></link>
+ directory, which defaults to <filename>${TMPDIR}/buildstats/</filename>.
+ You can analyze the elapsed time using
+ <filename>scripts/pybootchartgui/pybootchartgui.py</filename>, which
+ produces a cascading chart of the entire build process and can be
+ useful for highlighting bottlenecks.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Collecting build statistics is enabled by default through the
+ <link linkend='var-USER_CLASSES'><filename>USER_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable from your <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ Consequently, you do not have to do anything to enable the class.
+ However, if you want to disable the class, simply remove "buildstats"
+ from the <filename>USER_CLASSES</filename> list.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-buildstats-summary'>
+ <title><filename>buildstats-summary.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ When inherited globally, prints statistics at the end of the build
+ on sstate re-use.
+ In order to function, this class requires the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-buildstats'><filename>buildstats</filename></link>
+ class be enabled.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-ccache'>
+ <title><filename>ccache.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>ccache</filename> class enables the
+ <ulink url='http://ccache.samba.org/'>C/C++ Compiler Cache</ulink>
+ for the build.
+ This class is used to give a minor performance boost during the build.
+ However, using the class can lead to unexpected side-effects.
+ Thus, it is recommended that you do not use this class.
+ See <ulink url='http://ccache.samba.org/'></ulink> for information on
+ the C/C++ Compiler Cache.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-chrpath'>
+ <title><filename>chrpath.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>chrpath</filename> class
+ is a wrapper around the "chrpath" utility, which is used during the
+ build process for <filename>nativesdk</filename>,
+ <filename>cross</filename>, and
+ <filename>cross-canadian</filename> recipes to change
+ <filename>RPATH</filename> records within binaries in order to make
+ them relocatable.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-clutter'>
+ <title><filename>clutter.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>clutter</filename> class consolidates the
+ major and minor version naming and other common items used by Clutter
+ and related recipes.
+ <note>
+ Unlike some other classes related to specific libraries, recipes
+ building other software that uses Clutter do not need to
+ inherit this class unless they use the same recipe versioning
+ scheme that the Clutter and related recipes do.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-cmake'>
+ <title><filename>cmake.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>cmake</filename> class allows for
+ recipes that need to build software using the CMake build system.
+ You can use the
+ <link linkend='var-EXTRA_OECMAKE'><filename>EXTRA_OECMAKE</filename></link>
+ variable to specify additional configuration options to be passed on
+ the <filename>cmake</filename> command line.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-cml1'>
+ <title><filename>cml1.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>cml1</filename> class provides basic support for the
+ Linux kernel style build configuration system.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-compress_doc'>
+ <title><filename>compress_doc.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Enables compression for man pages and info pages.
+ This class is intended to be inherited globally.
+ The default compression mechanism is gz (gzip) but you can
+ select an alternative mechanism by setting the
+ <link linkend='var-DOC_COMPRESS'><filename>DOC_COMPRESS</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-copyleft_compliance'>
+ <title><filename>copyleft_compliance.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>copyleft_compliance</filename> class
+ preserves source code for the purposes of license compliance.
+ This class is an alternative to the <filename>archiver</filename>
+ class and is still used by some users even though it has been
+ deprecated in favor of the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-archiver'><filename>archiver</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-copyleft_filter'>
+ <title><filename>copyleft_filter.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ A class used by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-archiver'><filename>archiver</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-copyleft_compliance'><filename>copyleft_compliance</filename></link>
+ classes for filtering licenses.
+ The <filename>copyleft_filter</filename> class is an internal class
+ and is not intended to be used directly.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-core-image'>
+ <title><filename>core-image.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>core-image</filename> class
+ provides common definitions for the
+ <filename>core-image-*</filename> image recipes, such as support for
+ additional
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-cpan'>
+ <title><filename>cpan.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>cpan</filename> class supports Perl modules.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Recipes for Perl modules are simple.
+ These recipes usually only need to point to the source's archive and
+ then inherit the proper class file.
+ Building is split into two methods depending on which method the module
+ authors used.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Modules that use old
+ <filename>Makefile.PL</filename>-based build system require
+ <filename>cpan.bbclass</filename> in their recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Modules that use
+ <filename>Build.PL</filename>-based build system require
+ using <filename>cpan_build.bbclass</filename> in their recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-cross'>
+ <title><filename>cross.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>cross</filename> class provides support for the recipes
+ that build the cross-compilation tools.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-cross-canadian'>
+ <title><filename>cross-canadian.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>cross-canadian</filename> class
+ provides support for the recipes that build the Canadian
+ Cross-compilation tools for SDKs.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='cross-development-toolchain-generation'>Cross-Development Toolchain Generation</link>"
+ section for more discussion on these cross-compilation tools.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-crosssdk'>
+ <title><filename>crosssdk.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>crosssdk</filename> class
+ provides support for the recipes that build the cross-compilation
+ tools used for building SDKs.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='cross-development-toolchain-generation'>Cross-Development Toolchain Generation</link>"
+ section for more discussion on these cross-compilation tools.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-debian'>
+ <title><filename>debian.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>debian</filename> class renames output packages so that
+ they follow the Debian naming policy (i.e. <filename>glibc</filename>
+ becomes <filename>libc6</filename> and <filename>glibc-devel</filename>
+ becomes <filename>libc6-dev</filename>.)
+ Renaming includes the library name and version as part of the package
+ name.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If a recipe creates packages for multiple libraries
+ (shared object files of <filename>.so</filename> type), use the
+ <link linkend='var-LEAD_SONAME'><filename>LEAD_SONAME</filename></link>
+ variable in the recipe to specify the library on which to apply the
+ naming scheme.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-deploy'>
+ <title><filename>deploy.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>deploy</filename> class handles deploying files
+ to the
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE</filename></link>
+ directory.
+ The main function of this class is to allow the deploy step to be
+ accelerated by shared state.
+ Recipes that inherit this class should define their own
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-deploy'><filename>do_deploy</filename></link>
+ function to copy the files to be deployed to
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOYDIR'><filename>DEPLOYDIR</filename></link>,
+ and use <filename>addtask</filename> to add the task at the appropriate
+ place, which is usually after
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>.
+ The class then takes care of staging the files from
+ <filename>DEPLOYDIR</filename> to
+ <filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE</filename>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-devshell'>
+ <title><filename>devshell.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>devshell</filename> class adds the
+ <filename>do_devshell</filename> task.
+ Distribution policy dictates whether to include this class.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#platdev-appdev-devshell'>Using a Development Shell</ulink>" section
+ in the Yocto Project Development Manual for more information about
+ using <filename>devshell</filename>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-distro_features_check'>
+ <title><filename>distro_features_check.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>distro_features_check</filename> class
+ allows individual recipes to check for required and conflicting
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class provides support for the
+ <link linkend='var-REQUIRED_DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>REQUIRED_DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-CONFLICT_DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>CONFLICT_DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ If any conditions specified in the recipe using the above variables are
+ not met, the recipe will be skipped.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-distrodata'>
+ <title><filename>distrodata.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>distrodata</filename> class
+ provides for automatic checking for upstream recipe updates.
+ The class creates a comma-separated value (CSV) spreadsheet that
+ contains information about the recipes.
+ The information provides the <filename>do_distrodata</filename> and
+ <filename>do_distro_check</filename> tasks, which do upstream checking
+ and also verify if a package is used in multiple major distributions.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The class is not included by default.
+ To use it, you must include the following files and set the
+ <link linkend='var-INHERIT'><filename>INHERIT</filename></link>
+ variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ include conf/distro/include/distro_alias.inc
+ include conf/distro/include/recipe_color.inc
+ include conf/distro/include/maintainers.inc
+ include conf/distro/include/upstream_tracking.inc
+ include conf/distro/include/package_regex.inc
+ INHERIT+= "distrodata"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-distutils'>
+ <title><filename>distutils.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>distutils</filename> class supports recipes for Python
+ version 2.x extensions, which are simple.
+ These recipes usually only need to point to the source's archive and
+ then inherit the proper class.
+ Building is split into two methods depending on which method the
+ module authors used.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Extensions that use an Autotools-based build system
+ require Autotools and
+ <filename>distutils</filename>-based classes in their recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Extensions that use build systems based on
+ <filename>distutils</filename> require
+ the <filename>distutils</filename> class in their recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Extensions that use build systems based on
+ <filename>setuptools</filename> require the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-setuptools'><filename>setuptools</filename></link>
+ class in their recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-distutils3'>
+ <title><filename>distutils3.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>distutils3</filename> class supports recipes for Python
+ version 3.x extensions, which are simple.
+ These recipes usually only need to point to the source's archive and
+ then inherit the proper class.
+ Building is split into two methods depending on which method the
+ module authors used.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Extensions that use an Autotools-based build system
+ require Autotools and
+ <filename>distutils</filename>-based classes in their recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Extensions that use
+ <filename>distutils</filename>-based build systems require
+ the <filename>distutils</filename> class in their recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Extensions that use build systems based on
+ <filename>setuptools3</filename> require the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-setuptools'><filename>setuptools3</filename></link>
+ class in their recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-externalsrc'>
+ <title><filename>externalsrc.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>externalsrc</filename> class supports building software
+ from source code that is external to the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ Building software from an external source tree means that the build
+ system's normal fetch, unpack, and patch process is not used.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system uses the
+ <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link> and
+ <link linkend='var-B'><filename>B</filename></link> variables to
+ locate unpacked recipe source code and to build it, respectively.
+ When your recipe inherits the <filename>externalsrc</filename> class,
+ you use the
+ <link linkend='var-EXTERNALSRC'><filename>EXTERNALSRC</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-EXTERNALSRC_BUILD'><filename>EXTERNALSRC_BUILD</filename></link>
+ variables to ultimately define <filename>S</filename> and
+ <filename>B</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, this class expects the source code to support recipe builds
+ that use the <link linkend='var-B'><filename>B</filename></link>
+ variable to point to the directory in which the OpenEmbedded build
+ system places the generated objects built from the recipes.
+ By default, the <filename>B</filename> directory is set to the
+ following, which is separate from the source directory
+ (<filename>S</filename>):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${WORKDIR}/${BPN}/{PV}/
+ </literallayout>
+ See these variables for more information:
+ <link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-BPN'><filename>BPN</filename></link>, and
+ <link linkend='var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></link>,
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on the
+ <filename>externalsrc</filename> class, see the comments in
+ <filename>meta/classes/externalsrc.bbclass</filename> in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ For information on how to use the <filename>externalsrc</filename>
+ class, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#building-software-from-an-external-source'>Building Software from an External Source</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-extrausers'>
+ <title><filename>extrausers.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>extrausers</filename> class allows
+ additional user and group configuration to be applied at the image
+ level.
+ Inheriting this class either globally or from an image recipe allows
+ additional user and group operations to be performed using the
+ <link linkend='var-EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS'><filename>EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ <note>
+ The user and group operations added using the
+ <filename>extrausers</filename> class are not tied to a specific
+ recipe outside of the recipe for the image.
+ Thus, the operations can be performed across the image as a whole.
+ Use the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-useradd'><filename>useradd</filename></link>
+ class to add user and group configuration to a specific recipe.
+ </note>
+ Here is an example that uses this class in an image recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ inherit extrausers
+ EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS = "\
+ useradd -p '' tester; \
+ groupadd developers; \
+ userdel nobody; \
+ groupdel -g video; \
+ groupmod -g 1020 developers; \
+ usermod -s /bin/sh tester; \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ Here is an example that adds two users named "tester-jim" and
+ "tester-sue" and assigns passwords:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ inherit extrausers
+ EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS = "\
+ useradd -P tester01 tester-jim; \
+ useradd -P tester01 tester-sue; \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ Finally, here is an example that sets the root password to
+ "1876*18":
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ inherit extrausers
+ EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS = "\
+ usermod -P 1876*18 root; \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-fontcache'>
+ <title><filename>fontcache.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>fontcache</filename> class generates the
+ proper post-install and post-remove (postinst and postrm)
+ scriptlets for font packages.
+ These scriptlets call <filename>fc-cache</filename> (part of
+ <filename>Fontconfig</filename>) to add the fonts to the font
+ information cache.
+ Since the cache files are architecture-specific,
+ <filename>fc-cache</filename> runs using QEMU if the postinst
+ scriptlets need to be run on the build host during image creation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If the fonts being installed are in packages other than the main
+ package, set
+ <link linkend='var-FONT_PACKAGES'><filename>FONT_PACKAGES</filename></link>
+ to specify the packages containing the fonts.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-gconf'>
+ <title><filename>gconf.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>gconf</filename> class provides common
+ functionality for recipes that need to install GConf schemas.
+ The schemas will be put into a separate package
+ (<filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link><filename>}-gconf</filename>)
+ that is created automatically when this class is inherited.
+ This package uses the appropriate post-install and post-remove
+ (postinst/postrm) scriptlets to register and unregister the schemas
+ in the target image.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-gettext'>
+ <title><filename>gettext.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>gettext</filename> class provides support for
+ building software that uses the GNU <filename>gettext</filename>
+ internationalization and localization system.
+ All recipes building software that use
+ <filename>gettext</filename> should inherit this class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-gnome'>
+ <title><filename>gnome.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>gnome</filename> class supports recipes that
+ build software from the GNOME stack.
+ This class inherits the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-gnomebase'><filename>gnomebase</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-gtk-icon-cache'><filename>gtk-icon-cache</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-gconf'><filename>gconf</filename></link> and
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-mime'><filename>mime</filename></link> classes.
+ The class also disables GObject introspection where applicable.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-gnomebase'>
+ <title><filename>gnomebase.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>gnomebase</filename> class is the base
+ class for recipes that build software from the GNOME stack.
+ This class sets
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link> to
+ download the source from the GNOME mirrors as well as extending
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>
+ with the typical GNOME installation paths.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-grub-efi'>
+ <title><filename>grub-efi.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>grub-efi</filename>
+ class provides <filename>grub-efi</filename>-specific functions for
+ building bootable images.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class supports several variables:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-INITRD'><filename>INITRD</filename></link>:
+ Indicates list of filesystem images to concatenate and use
+ as an initial RAM disk (initrd) (optional).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-ROOTFS'><filename>ROOTFS</filename></link>:
+ Indicates a filesystem image to include as the root filesystem
+ (optional).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-GRUB_GFXSERIAL'><filename>GRUB_GFXSERIAL</filename></link>:
+ Set this to "1" to have graphics and serial in the boot menu.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-LABELS'><filename>LABELS</filename></link>:
+ A list of targets for the automatic configuration.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-APPEND'><filename>APPEND</filename></link>:
+ An override list of append strings for each
+ <filename>LABEL</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-GRUB_OPTS'><filename>GRUB_OPTS</filename></link>:
+ Additional options to add to the configuration (optional).
+ Options are delimited using semi-colon characters
+ (<filename>;</filename>).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-GRUB_TIMEOUT'><filename>GRUB_TIMEOUT</filename></link>:
+ Timeout before executing the default <filename>LABEL</filename>
+ (optional).
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-gsettings'>
+ <title><filename>gsettings.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>gsettings</filename> class
+ provides common functionality for recipes that need to install
+ GSettings (glib) schemas.
+ The schemas are assumed to be part of the main package.
+ Appropriate post-install and post-remove (postinst/postrm)
+ scriptlets are added to register and unregister the schemas in the
+ target image.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-gtk-doc'>
+ <title><filename>gtk-doc.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>gtk-doc</filename> class
+ is a helper class to pull in the appropriate
+ <filename>gtk-doc</filename> dependencies and disable
+ <filename>gtk-doc</filename>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-gtk-icon-cache'>
+ <title><filename>gtk-icon-cache.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>gtk-icon-cache</filename> class
+ generates the proper post-install and post-remove (postinst/postrm)
+ scriptlets for packages that use GTK+ and install icons.
+ These scriptlets call <filename>gtk-update-icon-cache</filename> to add
+ the fonts to GTK+'s icon cache.
+ Since the cache files are architecture-specific,
+ <filename>gtk-update-icon-cache</filename> is run using QEMU if the
+ postinst scriptlets need to be run on the build host during image
+ creation.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-gtk-immodules-cache'>
+ <title><filename>gtk-immodules-cache.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>gtk-immodules-cache</filename> class
+ generates the proper post-install and post-remove (postinst/postrm)
+ scriptlets for packages that install GTK+ input method modules for
+ virtual keyboards.
+ These scriptlets call <filename>gtk-update-icon-cache</filename> to add
+ the input method modules to the cache.
+ Since the cache files are architecture-specific,
+ <filename>gtk-update-icon-cache</filename> is run using QEMU if the
+ postinst scriptlets need to be run on the build host during image
+ creation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If the input method modules being installed are in packages other than
+ the main package, set
+ <link linkend='var-GTKIMMODULES_PACKAGES'><filename>GTKIMMODULES_PACKAGES</filename></link>
+ to specify the packages containing the modules.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-gummiboot'>
+ <title><filename>gummiboot.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>gummiboot</filename> class provides functions specific
+ to the gummiboot bootloader for building bootable images.
+ This is an internal class and is not intended to be
+ used directly.
+ Set the
+ <link linkend='var-EFI_PROVIDER'><filename>EFI_PROVIDER</filename></link>
+ variable to "gummiboot" to use this class.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on more variables used and supported in this class,
+ see the
+ <link linkend='var-GUMMIBOOT_CFG'><filename>GUMMIBOOT_CFG</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-GUMMIBOOT_ENTRIES'><filename>GUMMIBOOT_ENTRIES</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-GUMMIBOOT_TIMEOUT'><filename>GUMMIBOOT_TIMEOUT</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can also see the
+ <ulink url='http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/gummiboot/'>Gummiboot documentation</ulink>
+ for more information.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-gzipnative'>
+ <title><filename>gzipnative.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>gzipnative</filename>
+ class enables the use of native versions of <filename>gzip</filename>
+ and <filename>pigz</filename> rather than the versions of these tools
+ from the build host.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-icecc'>
+ <title><filename>icecc.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>icecc</filename> class supports
+ <ulink url='https://github.com/icecc/icecream'>Icecream</ulink>, which
+ facilitates taking compile jobs and distributing them among remote
+ machines.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The class stages directories with symlinks from <filename>gcc</filename>
+ and <filename>g++</filename> to <filename>icecc</filename>, for both
+ native and cross compilers.
+ Depending on each configure or compile, the OpenEmbedded build system
+ adds the directories at the head of the <filename>PATH</filename> list
+ and then sets the <filename>ICECC_CXX</filename> and
+ <filename>ICEC_CC</filename> variables, which are the paths to the
+ <filename>g++</filename> and <filename>gcc</filename> compilers,
+ respectively.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For the cross compiler, the class creates a <filename>tar.gz</filename>
+ file that contains the Yocto Project toolchain and sets
+ <filename>ICECC_VERSION</filename>, which is the version of the
+ cross-compiler used in the cross-development toolchain, accordingly.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The class handles all three different compile stages
+ (i.e native ,cross-kernel and target) and creates the necessary
+ environment <filename>tar.gz</filename> file to be used by the remote
+ machines.
+ The class also supports SDK generation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If <link linkend='var-ICECC_PATH'><filename>ICECC_PATH</filename></link>
+ is not set in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file, then the
+ class tries to locate the <filename>icecc</filename> binary
+ using <filename>which</filename>.
+
+ If
+ <link linkend='var-ICECC_ENV_EXEC'><filename>ICECC_ENV_EXEC</filename></link>
+ is set in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file, the variable should
+ point to the <filename>icecc-create-env</filename> script
+ provided by the user.
+ If you do not point to a user-provided script, the build system
+ uses the default script provided by the recipe
+ <filename>icecc-create-env-native.bb</filename>.
+ <note>
+ This script is a modified version and not the one that comes with
+ <filename>icecc</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not want the Icecream distributed compile support to apply
+ to specific recipes or classes, you can effectively "blacklist" them
+ by listing the recipes and classes using the
+ <link linkend='var-ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_BL'><filename>ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_BL</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-ICECC_USER_CLASS_BL'><filename>ICECC_USER_CLASS_BL</filename></link>,
+ variables, respectively, in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ Doing so causes the OpenEmbedded build system to handle these
+ compilations locally.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Additionally, you can list recipes using the
+ <link linkend='var-ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_WL'><filename>ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_WL</filename></link>
+ variable in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file to force
+ <filename>icecc</filename> to be enabled for recipes using an empty
+ <link linkend='var-PARALLEL_MAKE'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Inheriting the <filename>icecc</filename> class changes all sstate
+ signatures.
+ Consequently, if a development team has a dedicated build system
+ that populates
+ <link linkend='var-SSTATE_MIRRORS'><filename>STATE_MIRRORS</filename></link>
+ and they want to reuse sstate from
+ <filename>STATE_MIRRORS</filename>, then all developers and the
+ build system need to either inherit the <filename>icecc</filename>
+ class or nobody should.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ At the distribution level, you can inherit the
+ <filename>icecc</filename> class to be sure that all builders start
+ with the same sstate signatures.
+ After inheriting the class, you can then disable the feature by setting
+ the
+ <link linkend='var-ICECC_DISABLED'><filename>ICECC_DISABLED</filename></link>
+ variable to "1" as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT_DISTRO_append = " icecc"
+ ICECC_DISABLED ??= "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ This practice makes sure everyone is using the same signatures but also
+ requires individuals that do want to use Icecream to enable the feature
+ individually as follows in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ICECC_DISABLED = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-image'>
+ <title><filename>image.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>image</filename> class helps support creating images
+ in different formats.
+ First, the root filesystem is created from packages using
+ one of the <filename>rootfs*.bbclass</filename>
+ files (depending on the package format used) and then one or more image
+ files are created.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The
+ <filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'>IMAGE_FSTYPES</link></filename>
+ variable controls the types of images to generate.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The
+ <filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_INSTALL'>IMAGE_INSTALL</link></filename>
+ variable controls the list of packages to install into the
+ image.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ For information on customizing images, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#usingpoky-extend-customimage'>Customizing Images</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ For information on how images are created, see the
+ "<link linkend='images-dev-environment'>Images</link>" section elsewhere
+ in this manual.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-image_types'>
+ <title><filename>image_types.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>image_types</filename> class defines all of
+ the standard image output types that you can enable through the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ You can use this class as a reference on how to add support for custom
+ image output types.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, this class is enabled through the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_CLASSES'><filename>IMAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable in
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-image'><filename>image.bbclass</filename></link>.
+ If you define your own image types using a custom BitBake class and
+ then use <filename>IMAGE_CLASSES</filename> to enable it, the custom
+ class must either inherit <filename>image_types</filename> or
+ <filename>image_types</filename> must also appear in
+ <filename>IMAGE_CLASSES</filename>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-image_types_uboot'>
+ <title><filename>image_types_uboot.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>image_types_uboot</filename> class
+ defines additional image types specifically for the U-Boot bootloader.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-image-live'>
+ <title><filename>image-live.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>image-live</filename> class supports building "live"
+ images.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Normally, you do not use this class directly.
+ Instead, you add "live" to
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>.
+ For example, if you were building an ISO image, you would add "live"
+ to <filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename>, set the
+ <link linkend='var-NOISO'><filename>NOISO</filename></link> variable to
+ "0" and the build system would use the <filename>image-live</filename>
+ class to build the ISO image.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-image-mklibs'>
+ <title><filename>image-mklibs.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>image-mklibs</filename> class
+ enables the use of the <filename>mklibs</filename> utility during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-rootfs'><filename>do_rootfs</filename></link>
+ task, which optimizes the size of
+ libraries contained in the image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the class is enabled in the
+ <filename>local.conf.template</filename> using the
+ <link linkend='var-USER_CLASSES'><filename>USER_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ USER_CLASSES ?= "buildstats image-mklibs image-prelink"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-image-prelink'>
+ <title><filename>image-prelink.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>image-prelink</filename> class
+ enables the use of the <filename>prelink</filename> utility during
+ the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-rootfs'><filename>do_rootfs</filename></link>
+ task, which optimizes the dynamic
+ linking of shared libraries to reduce executable startup time.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the class is enabled in the
+ <filename>local.conf.template</filename> using the
+ <link linkend='var-USER_CLASSES'><filename>USER_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ USER_CLASSES ?= "buildstats image-mklibs image-prelink"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-image-swab'>
+ <title><filename>image-swab.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>image-swab</filename> class enables the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/projects/swabber'>Swabber</ulink>
+ tool in order to detect and log accesses to the host system during
+ the OpenEmbedded build process.
+ <note>
+ This class is currently unmaintained.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-image-vmdk'>
+ <title><filename>image-vmdk.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>image-vmdk</filename> class supports building VMware
+ VMDK images.
+ Normally, you do not use this class directly.
+ Instead, you add "vmdk" to
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-insane'>
+ <title><filename>insane.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>insane</filename> class adds a step to the package
+ generation process so that output quality assurance checks are
+ generated by the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ A range of checks are performed that check the build's output
+ for common problems that show up during runtime.
+ Distribution policy usually dictates whether to include this class.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can configure the sanity checks so that specific test failures
+ either raise a warning or an error message.
+ Typically, failures for new tests generate a warning.
+ Subsequent failures for the same test would then generate an error
+ message once the metadata is in a known and good condition.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='ref-qa-checks'>QA Error and Warning Messages</link>"
+ Chapter for a list of all the warning and error messages
+ you might encounter using a default configuration.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the
+ <link linkend='var-WARN_QA'><filename>WARN_QA</filename></link> and
+ <link linkend='var-ERROR_QA'><filename>ERROR_QA</filename></link>
+ variables to control the behavior of
+ these checks at the global level (i.e. in your custom distro
+ configuration).
+ However, to skip one or more checks in recipes, you should use
+ <link linkend='var-INSANE_SKIP'><filename>INSANE_SKIP</filename></link>.
+ For example, to skip the check for symbolic link
+ <filename>.so</filename> files in the main package of a recipe,
+ add the following to the recipe.
+ You need to realize that the package name override, in this example
+ <filename>${PN}</filename>, must be used:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INSANE_SKIP_${PN} += "dev-so"
+ </literallayout>
+ Please keep in mind that the QA checks exist in order to detect real
+ or potential problems in the packaged output.
+ So exercise caution when disabling these checks.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list shows the tests you can list with the
+ <filename>WARN_QA</filename> and <filename>ERROR_QA</filename>
+ variables:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>already-stripped:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks that produced binaries have not already been
+ stripped prior to the build system extracting debug symbols.
+ It is common for upstream software projects to default to
+ stripping debug symbols for output binaries.
+ In order for debugging to work on the target using
+ <filename>-dbg</filename> packages, this stripping must be
+ disabled.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>arch:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks the Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) type, bit size,
+ and endianness of any binaries to ensure they match the target
+ architecture.
+ This test fails if any binaries do not match the type since
+ there would be an incompatibility.
+ The test could indicate that the
+ wrong compiler or compiler options have been used.
+ Sometimes software, like bootloaders, might need to bypass
+ this check.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>buildpaths:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks for paths to locations on the build host inside the
+ output files.
+ Currently, this test triggers too many false positives and
+ thus is not normally enabled.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>build-deps:</filename></emphasis>
+ Determines if a build-time dependency that is specified through
+ <link linkend='var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></link>,
+ explicit
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>,
+ or task-level dependencies exists to match any runtime
+ dependency.
+ This determination is particularly useful to discover where
+ runtime dependencies are detected and added during packaging.
+ If no explicit dependency has been specified within the
+ metadata, at the packaging stage it is too late to ensure that
+ the dependency is built, and thus you can end up with an
+ error when the package is installed into the image during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-rootfs'><filename>do_rootfs</filename></link>
+ task because the auto-detected dependency was not satisfied.
+ An example of this would be where the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-update-rc.d'><filename>update-rc.d</filename></link>
+ class automatically adds a dependency on the
+ <filename>initscripts-functions</filename> package to packages
+ that install an initscript that refers to
+ <filename>/etc/init.d/functions</filename>.
+ The recipe should really have an explicit
+ <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> for the package in question on
+ <filename>initscripts-functions</filename> so that the
+ OpenEmbedded build system is able to ensure that the
+ <filename>initscripts</filename> recipe is actually built and
+ thus the <filename>initscripts-functions</filename> package is
+ made available.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>compile-host-path:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ log for indications
+ that paths to locations on the build host were used.
+ Using such paths might result in host contamination of the
+ build output.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>debug-deps:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks that all packages except <filename>-dbg</filename>
+ packages do not depend on <filename>-dbg</filename>
+ packages, which would cause a packaging bug.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>debug-files:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks for <filename>.debug</filename> directories in anything but the
+ <filename>-dbg</filename> package.
+ The debug files should all be in the <filename>-dbg</filename> package.
+ Thus, anything packaged elsewhere is incorrect packaging.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>dep-cmp:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks for invalid version comparison statements in runtime
+ dependency relationships between packages (i.e. in
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RSUGGESTS'><filename>RSUGGESTS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RPROVIDES'><filename>RPROVIDES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RREPLACES'><filename>RREPLACES</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-RCONFLICTS'><filename>RCONFLICTS</filename></link>
+ variable values).
+ Any invalid comparisons might trigger failures or undesirable
+ behavior when passed to the package manager.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>desktop:</filename></emphasis>
+ Runs the <filename>desktop-file-validate</filename> program
+ against any <filename>.desktop</filename> files to validate
+ their contents against the specification for
+ <filename>.desktop</filename> files.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>dev-deps:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks that all packages except <filename>-dev</filename>
+ or <filename>-staticdev</filename> packages do not depend on
+ <filename>-dev</filename> packages, which would be a
+ packaging bug.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>dev-so:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks that the <filename>.so</filename> symbolic links are in the
+ <filename>-dev</filename> package and not in any of the other packages.
+ In general, these symlinks are only useful for development purposes.
+ Thus, the <filename>-dev</filename> package is the correct location for
+ them.
+ Some very rare cases do exist for dynamically loaded modules where
+ these symlinks are needed instead in the main package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>file-rdeps:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks that file-level dependencies identified by the
+ OpenEmbedded build system at packaging time are satisfied.
+ For example, a shell script might start with the line
+ <filename>#!/bin/bash</filename>.
+ This line would translate to a file dependency on
+ <filename>/bin/bash</filename>.
+ Of the three package managers that the OpenEmbedded build
+ system supports, only RPM directly handles file-level
+ dependencies, resolving them automatically to packages
+ providing the files.
+ However, the lack of that functionality in the other two
+ package managers does not mean the dependencies do not still
+ need resolving.
+ This QA check attempts to ensure that explicitly declared
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>
+ exist to handle any file-level dependency detected in
+ packaged files.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>files-invalid:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks for
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>
+ variable values that contain "//", which is invalid.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>incompatible-license:</filename></emphasis>
+ Report when packages are excluded from being created due to
+ being marked with a license that is in
+ <link linkend='var-INCOMPATIBLE_LICENSE'><filename>INCOMPATIBLE_LICENSE</filename></link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>install-host-path:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ log for indications
+ that paths to locations on the build host were used.
+ Using such paths might result in host contamination of the
+ build output.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>installed-vs-shipped:</filename></emphasis>
+ Reports when files have been installed within
+ <filename>do_install</filename> but have not been included in
+ any package by way of the
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ Files that do not appear in any package cannot be present in
+ an image later on in the build process.
+ Ideally, all installed files should be packaged or not
+ installed at all.
+ These files can be deleted at the end of
+ <filename>do_install</filename> if the files are not
+ needed in any package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>la:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks <filename>.la</filename> files for any <filename>TMPDIR</filename>
+ paths.
+ Any <filename>.la</filename> file containing these paths is incorrect since
+ <filename>libtool</filename> adds the correct sysroot prefix when using the
+ files automatically itself.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>ldflags:</filename></emphasis>
+ Ensures that the binaries were linked with the
+ <link linkend='var-LDFLAGS'><filename>LDFLAGS</filename></link>
+ options provided by the build system.
+ If this test fails, check that the <filename>LDFLAGS</filename> variable
+ is being passed to the linker command.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>libdir:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks for libraries being installed into incorrect
+ (possibly hardcoded) installation paths.
+ For example, this test will catch recipes that install
+ <filename>/lib/bar.so</filename> when
+ <filename>${base_libdir}</filename> is "lib32".
+ Another example is when recipes install
+ <filename>/usr/lib64/foo.so</filename> when
+ <filename>${libdir}</filename> is "/usr/lib".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>libexec:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks if a package contains files in
+ <filename>/usr/libexec</filename>.
+ This check is not performed if the
+ <filename>libexecdir</filename> variable has been set
+ explicitly to <filename>/usr/libexec</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>packages-list:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks for the same package being listed multiple times through
+ the <link linkend='var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></link>
+ variable value.
+ Installing the package in this manner can cause errors during
+ packaging.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>perm-config:</filename></emphasis>
+ Reports lines in <filename>fs-perms.txt</filename> that have
+ an invalid format.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>perm-line:</filename></emphasis>
+ Reports lines in <filename>fs-perms.txt</filename> that have
+ an invalid format.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>perm-link:</filename></emphasis>
+ Reports lines in <filename>fs-perms.txt</filename> that
+ specify 'link' where the specified target already exists.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>perms:</filename></emphasis>
+ Currently, this check is unused but reserved.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>pkgconfig:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks <filename>.pc</filename> files for any
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>/<link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link>
+ paths.
+ Any <filename>.pc</filename> file containing these paths is incorrect
+ since <filename>pkg-config</filename> itself adds the correct sysroot prefix
+ when the files are accessed.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>pkgname:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks that all packages in
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></link>
+ have names that do not contain invalid characters (i.e.
+ characters other than 0-9, a-z, ., +, and -).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>pkgv-undefined:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks to see if the <filename>PKGV</filename> variable
+ is undefined during
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package'><filename>do_package</filename></link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>pkgvarcheck:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks through the variables
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RSUGGESTS'><filename>RSUGGESTS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RCONFLICTS'><filename>RCONFLICTS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RPROVIDES'><filename>RPROVIDES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RREPLACES'><filename>RREPLACES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-ALLOW_EMPTY'><filename>ALLOW_EMPTY</filename></link>,
+ <filename>pkg_preinst</filename>,
+ <filename>pkg_postinst</filename>,
+ <filename>pkg_prerm</filename>
+ and <filename>pkg_postrm</filename>, and reports if there are
+ variable sets that are not package-specific.
+ Using these variables without a package suffix is bad practice,
+ and might unnecessarily complicate dependencies of other packages
+ within the same recipe or have other unintended consequences.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>pn-overrides:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks that a recipe does not have a name
+ (<link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link>) value
+ that appears in
+ <link linkend='var-OVERRIDES'><filename>OVERRIDES</filename></link>.
+ If a recipe is named such that its <filename>PN</filename>
+ value matches something already in
+ <filename>OVERRIDES</filename> (e.g. <filename>PN</filename>
+ happens to be the same as
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO'><filename>DISTRO</filename></link>),
+ it can have unexpected consequences.
+ For example, assignments such as
+ <filename>FILES_${PN} = "xyz"</filename> effectively turn into
+ <filename>FILES = "xyz"</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>rpaths:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks for rpaths in the binaries that contain build system paths such
+ as <filename>TMPDIR</filename>.
+ If this test fails, bad <filename>-rpath</filename> options are being
+ passed to the linker commands and your binaries have potential security
+ issues.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>split-strip:</filename></emphasis>
+ Reports that splitting or stripping debug symbols from binaries
+ has failed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>staticdev:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks for static library files (<filename>*.a</filename>) in
+ non-<filename>staticdev</filename> packages.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>symlink-to-sysroot:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks for symlinks in packages that point into
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ on the host.
+ Such symlinks will work on the host, but are clearly invalid
+ when running on the target.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>textrel:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks for ELF binaries that contain relocations in their
+ <filename>.text</filename> sections, which can result in a
+ performance impact at runtime.
+ See the explanation for the
+ <link linkend='qa-issue-textrel'><filename>ELF binary</filename></link>
+ message for more information regarding runtime performance issues.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>unsafe-references-in-binaries:</filename></emphasis>
+ Reports when a binary installed in
+ <filename>${base_libdir}</filename>,
+ <filename>${base_bindir}</filename>, or
+ <filename>${base_sbindir}</filename>, depends on another
+ binary installed under <filename>${exec_prefix}</filename>.
+ This dependency is a concern if you want the system to remain
+ basically operable if <filename>/usr</filename> is mounted
+ separately and is not mounted.
+ <note>
+ Defaults for binaries installed in
+ <filename>${base_libdir}</filename>,
+ <filename>${base_bindir}</filename>, and
+ <filename>${base_sbindir}</filename> are
+ <filename>/lib</filename>, <filename>/bin</filename>, and
+ <filename>/sbin</filename>, respectively.
+ The default for a binary installed
+ under <filename>${exec_prefix}</filename> is
+ <filename>/usr</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>unsafe-references-in-scripts:</filename></emphasis>
+ Reports when a script file installed in
+ <filename>${base_libdir}</filename>,
+ <filename>${base_bindir}</filename>, or
+ <filename>${base_sbindir}</filename>, depends on files
+ installed under <filename>${exec_prefix}</filename>.
+ This dependency is a concern if you want the system to remain
+ basically operable if <filename>/usr</filename> is mounted
+ separately and is not mounted.
+ <note>
+ Defaults for binaries installed in
+ <filename>${base_libdir}</filename>,
+ <filename>${base_bindir}</filename>, and
+ <filename>${base_sbindir}</filename> are
+ <filename>/lib</filename>, <filename>/bin</filename>, and
+ <filename>/sbin</filename>, respectively.
+ The default for a binary installed
+ under <filename>${exec_prefix}</filename> is
+ <filename>/usr</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>useless-rpaths:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks for dynamic library load paths (rpaths) in the binaries that
+ by default on a standard system are searched by the linker (e.g.
+ <filename>/lib</filename> and <filename>/usr/lib</filename>).
+ While these paths will not cause any breakage, they do waste space and
+ are unnecessary.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>var-undefined:</filename></emphasis>
+ Reports when variables fundamental to packaging (i.e.
+ <link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-D'><filename>D</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link>, and
+ <link linkend='var-PKGD'><filename>PKGD</filename></link>) are
+ undefined during
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package'><filename>do_package</filename></link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>version-going-backwards:</filename></emphasis>
+ If Build History is enabled, reports when a package
+ being written out has a lower version than the previously
+ written package under the same name.
+ If you are placing output packages into a feed and
+ upgrading packages on a target system using that feed, the
+ version of a package going backwards can result in the target
+ system not correctly upgrading to the "new" version of the
+ package.
+ <note>
+ If you are not using runtime package management on your
+ target system, then you do not need to worry about
+ this situation.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>xorg-driver-abi:</filename></emphasis>
+ Checks that all packages containing Xorg drivers have ABI
+ dependencies.
+ The <filename>xserver-xorg</filename> recipe provides driver
+ ABI names.
+ All drivers should depend on the ABI versions that they have
+ been built against.
+ Driver recipes that include
+ <filename>xorg-driver-input.inc</filename>
+ or <filename>xorg-driver-video.inc</filename> will
+ automatically get these versions.
+ Consequently, you should only need to explicitly add
+ dependencies to binary driver recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-insserv'>
+ <title><filename>insserv.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>insserv</filename> class
+ uses the <filename>insserv</filename> utility to update the order of
+ symbolic links in <filename>/etc/rc?.d/</filename> within an image
+ based on dependencies specified by LSB headers in the
+ <filename>init.d</filename> scripts themselves.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-kernel'>
+ <title><filename>kernel.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>kernel</filename> class handles building Linux kernels.
+ The class contains code to build all kernel trees.
+ All needed headers are staged into the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-STAGING_KERNEL_DIR'>STAGING_KERNEL_DIR</link></filename>
+ directory to allow out-of-tree module builds using
+ the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-module'><filename>module</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This means that each built kernel module is packaged separately and inter-module
+ dependencies are created by parsing the <filename>modinfo</filename> output.
+ If all modules are required, then installing the <filename>kernel-modules</filename>
+ package installs all packages with modules and various other kernel packages
+ such as <filename>kernel-vmlinux</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Various other classes are used by the <filename>kernel</filename>
+ and <filename>module</filename> classes internally including the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-kernel-arch'><filename>kernel-arch</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-module-base'><filename>module-base</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-linux-kernel-base'><filename>linux-kernel-base</filename></link>
+ classes.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-kernel-arch'>
+ <title><filename>kernel-arch.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>kernel-arch</filename> class
+ sets the <filename>ARCH</filename> environment variable for Linux
+ kernel compilation (including modules).
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-kernel-module-split'>
+ <title><filename>kernel-module-split.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>kernel-module-split</filename> class
+ provides common functionality for splitting Linux kernel modules into
+ separate packages.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-kernel-yocto'>
+ <title><filename>kernel-yocto.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>kernel-yocto</filename> class
+ provides common functionality for building from linux-yocto style
+ kernel source repositories.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-lib_package'>
+ <title><filename>lib_package.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>lib_package</filename> class
+ supports recipes that build libraries and produce executable
+ binaries, where those binaries should not be installed by default
+ along with the library.
+ Instead, the binaries are added to a separate
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link><filename>}-bin</filename>
+ package to make their installation optional.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-license'>
+ <title><filename>license.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>license</filename> class provides license
+ manifest creation and license exclusion.
+ This class is enabled by default using the default value for the
+ <link linkend='var-INHERIT_DISTRO'><filename>INHERIT_DISTRO</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-linux-kernel-base'>
+ <title><filename>linux-kernel-base.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>linux-kernel-base</filename> class
+ provides common functionality for recipes that build out of the Linux
+ kernel source tree.
+ These builds goes beyond the kernel itself.
+ For example, the Perf recipe also inherits this class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-logging'>
+ <title><filename>logging.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>logging</filename> class provides the standard
+ shell functions used to log messages for various BitBake severity levels
+ (i.e. <filename>bbplain</filename>, <filename>bbnote</filename>,
+ <filename>bbwarn</filename>, <filename>bberror</filename>,
+ <filename>bbfatal</filename>, and <filename>bbdebug</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class is enabled by default since it is inherited by
+ the <filename>base</filename> class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-meta'>
+ <title><filename>meta.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>meta</filename> class is inherited by recipes
+ that do not build any output packages themselves, but act as a "meta"
+ target for building other recipes.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-metadata_scm'>
+ <title><filename>metadata_scm.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>metadata_scm</filename> class provides functionality for
+ querying the branch and revision of a Source Code Manager (SCM)
+ repository.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <link linkend='ref-classes-base'><filename>base</filename></link>
+ class uses this class to print the revisions of each layer before
+ starting every build.
+ The <filename>metadata_scm</filename> class is enabled by default
+ because it is inherited by the <filename>base</filename> class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-mime'>
+ <title><filename>mime.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>mime</filename> class generates the proper
+ post-install and post-remove (postinst/postrm) scriptlets for packages
+ that install MIME type files.
+ These scriptlets call <filename>update-mime-database</filename> to add
+ the MIME types to the shared database.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-mirrors'>
+ <title><filename>mirrors.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>mirrors</filename> class sets up some standard
+ <link linkend='var-MIRRORS'><filename>MIRRORS</filename></link> entries
+ for source code mirrors.
+ These mirrors provide a fall-back path in case the upstream source
+ specified in
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>
+ within recipes is unavailable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class is enabled by default since it is inherited by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-base'><filename>base</filename></link> class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-module'>
+ <title><filename>module.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>module</filename> class provides support for building
+ out-of-tree Linux kernel modules.
+ The class inherits the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-module-base'><filename>module-base</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-kernel-module-split'><filename>kernel-module-split</filename></link>
+ classes, and implements the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ tasks.
+ The class provides everything needed to build and package a kernel
+ module.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For general information on out-of-tree Linux kernel modules, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_URL;#incorporating-out-of-tree-modules'>Incorporating Out-of-Tree Modules</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-module-base'>
+ <title><filename>module-base.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>module-base</filename> class provides the base
+ functionality for building Linux kernel modules.
+ Typically, a recipe that builds software that includes one or
+ more kernel modules and has its own means of building
+ the module inherits this class as opposed to inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-module'><filename>module</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-multilib*'>
+ <title><filename>multilib*.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>multilib*</filename> classes provide support
+ for building libraries with different target optimizations or target
+ architectures and installing them side-by-side in the same image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on using the Multilib feature, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#combining-multiple-versions-library-files-into-one-image'>Combining Multiple Versions of Library Files into One Image</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-native'>
+ <title><filename>native.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>native</filename> class provides common
+ functionality for recipes that wish to build tools to run on the build
+ host (i.e. tools that use the compiler or other tools from the
+ build host).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can create a recipe that builds tools that run natively on the
+ host a couple different ways:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Create a <replaceable>myrecipe</replaceable><filename>-native.bb</filename>
+ that inherits the <filename>native</filename> class.
+ If you use this method, you must order the inherit statement
+ in the recipe after all other inherit statements so that the
+ <filename>native</filename> class is inherited last.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Create or modify a target recipe that contains
+ the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <link linkend='var-BBCLASSEXTEND'><filename>BBCLASSEXTEND</filename></link> = "native"
+ </literallayout>
+ Inside the recipe, use <filename>_class-native</filename> and
+ <filename>_class-target</filename> overrides to specify any
+ functionality specific to the respective native or target
+ case.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Although applied differently, the <filename>native</filename> class is
+ used with both methods.
+ The advantage of the second method is that you do not need to have two
+ separate recipes (assuming you need both) for native and target.
+ All common parts of the recipe are automatically shared.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-nativesdk'>
+ <title><filename>nativesdk.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>nativesdk</filename> class provides common
+ functionality for recipes that wish to build tools to run as part of
+ an SDK (i.e. tools that run on
+ <link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can create a recipe that builds tools that run on the SDK machine
+ a couple different ways:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Create a
+ <filename>nativesdk-</filename><replaceable>myrecipe</replaceable><filename>.bb</filename>
+ recipe that inherits the <filename>nativesdk</filename> class.
+ If you use this method, you must order the inherit statement
+ in the recipe after all other inherit statements so that the
+ <filename>nativesdk</filename> class is inherited last.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Create a <filename>nativesdk</filename> variant
+ of any recipe by adding the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <link linkend='var-BBCLASSEXTEND'><filename>BBCLASSEXTEND</filename></link> = "nativesdk"
+ </literallayout>
+ Inside the recipe, use <filename>_class-nativesdk</filename> and
+ <filename>_class-target</filename> overrides to specify any
+ functionality specific to the respective SDK machine or target
+ case.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Although applied differently, the <filename>nativesdk</filename> class
+ is used with both methods.
+ The advantage of the second method is that you do not need to have two
+ separate recipes (assuming you need both) for the SDK machine and the
+ target.
+ All common parts of the recipe are automatically shared.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-oelint'>
+ <title><filename>oelint.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>oelint</filename> class is an
+ obsolete lint checking tool that exists in
+ <filename>meta/classes</filename> in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A number of classes exist that could be generally useful in
+ OE-Core but are never actually used within OE-Core itself.
+ The <filename>oelint</filename> class is one such example.
+ However, being aware of this class can reduce the proliferation of
+ different versions of similar classes across multiple layers.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-own-mirrors'>
+ <title><filename>own-mirrors.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>own-mirrors</filename> class makes it
+ easier to set up your own
+ <link linkend='var-PREMIRRORS'><filename>PREMIRRORS</filename></link>
+ from which to first fetch source before attempting to fetch it from the
+ upstream specified in
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>
+ within each recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use this class, inherit it globally and specify
+ <link linkend='var-SOURCE_MIRROR_URL'><filename>SOURCE_MIRROR_URL</filename></link>.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "own-mirrors"
+ SOURCE_MIRROR_URL = "http://example.com/my-source-mirror"
+ </literallayout>
+ You can specify only a single URL in
+ <filename>SOURCE_MIRROR_URL</filename>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-package'>
+ <title><filename>package.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>package</filename> class supports generating
+ packages from a build's output.
+ The core generic functionality is in
+ <filename>package.bbclass</filename>.
+ The code specific to particular package types resides in these
+ package-specific classes:
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_deb'><filename>package_deb</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_rpm'><filename>package_rpm</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_ipk'><filename>package_ipk</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_tar'><filename>package_tar</filename></link>.
+ <note><title>Warning</title>
+ The <filename>package_tar</filename> class is broken and not
+ supported.
+ It is recommended that you do not use this class.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can control the list of resulting package formats by using the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'>PACKAGE_CLASSES</link></filename>
+ variable defined in your <filename>conf/local.conf</filename>
+ configuration file, which is located in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ When defining the variable, you can specify one or more package types.
+ Since images are generated from packages, a packaging class is
+ needed to enable image generation.
+ The first class listed in this variable is used for image generation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you take the optional step to set up a repository (package feed)
+ on the development host that can be used by Smart, you can
+ install packages from the feed while you are running the image
+ on the target (i.e. runtime installation of packages).
+ For more information, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#using-runtime-package-management'>Using Runtime Package Management</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The package-specific class you choose can affect build-time performance
+ and has space ramifications.
+ In general, building a package with IPK takes about thirty percent less
+ time as compared to using RPM to build the same or similar package.
+ This comparison takes into account a complete build of the package with
+ all dependencies previously built.
+ The reason for this discrepancy is because the RPM package manager
+ creates and processes more
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink> than the
+ IPK package manager.
+ Consequently, you might consider setting
+ <filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename> to "package_ipk" if you are
+ building smaller systems.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before making your package manager decision, however, you should
+ consider some further things about using RPM:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ RPM starts to provide more abilities than IPK due to
+ the fact that it processes more Metadata.
+ For example, this information includes individual file types,
+ file checksum generation and evaluation on install, sparse file
+ support, conflict detection and resolution for Multilib systems,
+ ACID style upgrade, and repackaging abilities for rollbacks.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ For smaller systems, the extra space used for the Berkeley
+ Database and the amount of metadata when using RPM can affect
+ your ability to perform on-device upgrades.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find additional information on the effects of the package
+ class at these two Yocto Project mailing list links:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/pipermail/poky/2011-May/006362.html'>
+ https://lists.yoctoproject.org/pipermail/poky/2011-May/006362.html</ulink></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/pipermail/poky/2011-May/006363.html'>
+ https://lists.yoctoproject.org/pipermail/poky/2011-May/006363.html</ulink></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-package_deb'>
+ <title><filename>package_deb.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>package_deb</filename> class
+ provides support for creating packages that use the Debian
+ (i.e. <filename>.deb</filename>) file format.
+ The class ensures the packages are written out in a
+ <filename>.deb</filename> file format to the
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_DEB'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_DEB</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class inherits the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package'><filename>package</filename></link>
+ class and is enabled through the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-package_ipk'>
+ <title><filename>package_ipk.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>package_ipk</filename> class
+ provides support for creating packages that use the IPK
+ (i.e. <filename>.ipk</filename>) file format.
+ The class ensures the packages are written out in a
+ <filename>.ipk</filename> file format to the
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_IPK'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IPK</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class inherits the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package'><filename>package</filename></link>
+ class and is enabled through the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-package_rpm'>
+ <title><filename>package_rpm.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>package_rpm</filename> class
+ provides support for creating packages that use the RPM
+ (i.e. <filename>.rpm</filename>) file format.
+ The class ensures the packages are written out in a
+ <filename>.rpm</filename> file format to the
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_RPM'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_RPM</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class inherits the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package'><filename>package</filename></link>
+ class and is enabled through the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-package_tar'>
+ <title><filename>package_tar.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>package_tar</filename> class
+ provides support for creating tarballs.
+ The class ensures the packages are written out in a
+ tarball format to the
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_TAR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_TAR</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class inherits the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package'><filename>package</filename></link>
+ class and is enabled through the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ <note>
+ You cannot specify the <filename>package_tar</filename> class
+ first using the <filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename> variable.
+ You must use <filename>.deb</filename>,
+ <filename>.ipk</filename>, or <filename>.rpm</filename> file
+ formats for your image or SDK.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-packagedata'>
+ <title><filename>packagedata.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>packagedata</filename> class provides
+ common functionality for reading <filename>pkgdata</filename> files
+ found in
+ <link linkend='var-PKGDATA_DIR'><filename>PKGDATA_DIR</filename></link>.
+ These files contain information about each output package produced by
+ the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class is enabled by default because it is inherited by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package'><filename>package</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-packagegroup'>
+ <title><filename>packagegroup.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>packagegroup</filename> class sets default values
+ appropriate for package group recipes (e.g.
+ <filename><link linkend='var-PACKAGES'>PACKAGES</link></filename>,
+ <filename><link linkend='var-PACKAGE_ARCH'>PACKAGE_ARCH</link></filename>,
+ <filename><link linkend='var-ALLOW_EMPTY'>ALLOW_EMPTY</link></filename>,
+ and so forth).
+ It is highly recommended that all package group recipes inherit this class.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on how to use this class, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#usingpoky-extend-customimage-customtasks'>Customizing Images Using Custom Package Groups</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Previously, this class was called the <filename>task</filename> class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-packageinfo'>
+ <title><filename>packageinfo.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>packageinfo</filename> class
+ gives a BitBake user interface the ability to retrieve information
+ about output packages from the <filename>pkgdata</filename> files.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class is enabled automatically when using the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/projects/hob'>Hob</ulink>
+ user interface.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-patch'>
+ <title><filename>patch.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>patch</filename> class provides all functionality for
+ applying patches during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-patch'><filename>do_patch</filename></link>
+ task.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class is enabled by default because it is inherited by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-base'><filename>base</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-perlnative'>
+ <title><filename>perlnative.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ When inherited by a recipe, the <filename>perlnative</filename> class
+ supports using the native version of Perl built by the build system
+ rather than using the version provided by the build host.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-pixbufcache'>
+ <title><filename>pixbufcache.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>pixbufcache</filename> class generates the proper
+ post-install and post-remove (postinst/postrm) scriptlets for packages
+ that install pixbuf loaders, which are used with
+ <filename>gdk-pixbuf</filename>.
+ These scriptlets call <filename>update_pixbuf_cache</filename>
+ to add the pixbuf loaders to the cache.
+ Since the cache files are architecture-specific,
+ <filename>update_pixbuf_cache</filename> is run using QEMU if the
+ postinst scriptlets need to be run on the build host during image
+ creation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If the pixbuf loaders being installed are in packages other
+ than the recipe's main package, set
+ <link linkend='var-PIXBUF_PACKAGES'><filename>PIXBUF_PACKAGES</filename></link>
+ to specify the packages containing the loaders.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-pkgconfig'>
+ <title><filename>pkgconfig.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>pkg-config</filename> class provides a standard way to get
+ header and library information.
+ This class aims to smooth integration of
+ <filename>pkg-config</filename> into libraries that use it.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ During staging, BitBake installs <filename>pkg-config</filename> data into the
+ <filename>sysroots/</filename> directory.
+ By making use of sysroot functionality within <filename>pkg-config</filename>,
+ this class no longer has to manipulate the files.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-populate-sdk'>
+ <title><filename>populate_sdk.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>populate_sdk</filename> class provides support for
+ SDK-only recipes.
+ For information on advantages gained when building a cross-development
+ toolchain using the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-populate_sdk'><filename>do_populate_sdk</filename></link>
+ task, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#optionally-building-a-toolchain-installer'>Optionally Building a Toolchain Installer</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-populate-sdk-*'>
+ <title><filename>populate_sdk_*.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>populate_sdk_*</filename> classes support SDK creation
+ and consist of the following classes:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>populate_sdk_base</filename>:</emphasis>
+ The base class supporting SDK creation under all package
+ managers (i.e. DEB, RPM, and opkg).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>populate_sdk_deb</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Supports creation of the SDK given the Debian package manager.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>populate_sdk_rpm</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Supports creation of the SDK given the RPM package manager.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>populate_sdk_ipk</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Supports creation of the SDK given the opkg (IPK format)
+ package manager.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>populate_sdk_base</filename> class inherits the
+ appropriate <filename>populate_sdk_*</filename> (i.e.
+ <filename>deb</filename>, <filename>rpm</filename>, and
+ <filename>ipk</filename>) based on
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_PKGTYPE'><filename>IMAGE_PKGTYPE</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The base class ensures all source and destination directories are
+ established and then populates the SDK.
+ After populating the SDK, the <filename>populate_sdk_base</filename>
+ class constructs two sysroots:
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-SDK_ARCH'><filename>SDK_ARCH</filename></link><filename>}-nativesdk</filename>,
+ which contains the cross-compiler and associated tooling, and the
+ target, which contains a target root filesystem that is configured for
+ the SDK usage.
+ These two images reside in
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_OUTPUT'><filename>SDK_OUTPUT</filename></link>,
+ which consists of the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${SDK_OUTPUT}/${SDK_ARCH}<replaceable>-nativesdk-pkgs</replaceable>
+ ${SDK_OUTPUT}/${SDKTARGETSYSROOT}/<replaceable>target-pkgs</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, the base populate SDK class creates the toolchain
+ environment setup script, the tarball of the SDK, and the installer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The respective <filename>populate_sdk_deb</filename>,
+ <filename>populate_sdk_rpm</filename>, and
+ <filename>populate_sdk_ipk</filename> classes each support the
+ specific type of SDK.
+ These classes are inherited by and used with the
+ <filename>populate_sdk_base</filename> class.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on the cross-development toolchain
+ generation, see the
+ "<link linkend='cross-development-toolchain-generation'>Cross-Development Toolchain Generation</link>"
+ section.
+ For information on advantages gained when building a
+ cross-development toolchain using the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-populate_sdk'><filename>do_populate_sdk</filename></link>
+ task, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#optionally-building-a-toolchain-installer'>Optionally Building a Toolchain Installer</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-prexport'>
+ <title><filename>prexport.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>prexport</filename> class provides functionality for
+ exporting
+ <link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link> values.
+ <note>
+ This class is not intended to be used directly.
+ Rather, it is enabled when using
+ "<filename>bitbake-prserv-tool export</filename>".
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-primport'>
+ <title><filename>primport.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>primport</filename> class provides functionality for
+ importing
+ <link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link> values.
+ <note>
+ This class is not intended to be used directly.
+ Rather, it is enabled when using
+ "<filename>bitbake-prserv-tool import</filename>".
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-prserv'>
+ <title><filename>prserv.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>prserv</filename> class provides functionality for
+ using a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#working-with-a-pr-service'>PR service</ulink>
+ in order to automatically manage the incrementing of the
+ <link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link> variable for
+ each recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class is enabled by default because it is inherited by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package'><filename>package</filename></link>
+ class.
+ However, the OpenEmbedded build system will not enable the
+ functionality of this class unless
+ <link linkend='var-PRSERV_HOST'><filename>PRSERV_HOST</filename></link>
+ has been set.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-ptest'>
+ <title><filename>ptest.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>ptest</filename> class provides functionality for
+ packaging and installing runtime tests for recipes that build software
+ that provides these tests.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class is intended to be inherited by individual recipes.
+ However, the class' functionality is largely disabled unless "ptest"
+ appears in
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#testing-packages-with-ptest'>Testing Packages With ptest</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for more information
+ on ptest.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-ptest-gnome'>
+ <title><filename>ptest-gnome.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Enables package tests (ptests) specifically for GNOME packages,
+ which have tests intended to be executed with
+ <filename>gnome-desktop-testing</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on setting up and running ptests, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#testing-packages-with-ptest'>Testing Packages With ptest</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-python-dir'>
+ <title><filename>python-dir.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>python-dir</filename> class provides the base version,
+ location, and site package location for Python.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-pythonnative'>
+ <title><filename>pythonnative.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ When inherited by a recipe, the <filename>pythonnative</filename> class
+ supports using the native version of Python built by the build system
+ rather than using the version provided by the build host.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-qemu'>
+ <title><filename>qemu.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>qemu</filename> class provides functionality for recipes
+ that either need QEMU or test for the existence of QEMU.
+ Typically, this class is used to run programs for a target system on
+ the build host using QEMU's application emulation mode.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-qmake*'>
+ <title><filename>qmake*.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>qmake*</filename> classes support recipes that
+ need to build software that uses Qt's <filename>qmake</filename>
+ build system and are comprised of the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>qmake_base</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Provides base functionality for all versions of
+ <filename>qmake</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>qmake2</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Extends base functionality for <filename>qmake</filename> 2.x as
+ used by Qt 4.x.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you need to set any configuration variables or pass any options to
+ <filename>qmake</filename>, you can add these to the
+ <link linkend='var-EXTRA_QMAKEVARS_PRE'><filename>EXTRA_QMAKEVARS_PRE</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='var-EXTRA_QMAKEVARS_POST'><filename>EXTRA_QMAKEVARS_POST</filename></link>
+ variables, depending on whether the arguments need to be before or
+ after the <filename>.pro</filename> file list on the command line,
+ respectively.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, all <filename>.pro</filename> files are built.
+ If you want to specify your own subset of <filename>.pro</filename>
+ files to be built, specify them in the
+ <link linkend='var-QMAKE_PROFILES'><filename>QMAKE_PROFILES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-qt4*'>
+ <title><filename>qt4*.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>qt4*</filename> classes support recipes that need to
+ build software that uses the Qt development framework version 4.x
+ and consist of the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>qt4e</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Supports building against Qt/Embedded, which uses the
+ framebuffer for graphical output.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>qt4x11</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Supports building against Qt/X11.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The classes inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-qmake*'><filename>qmake2</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-relocatable'>
+ <title><filename>relocatable.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>relocatable</filename> class enables relocation of
+ binaries when they are installed into the sysroot.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class makes use of the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-chrpath'><filename>chrpath</filename></link>
+ class and is used by both the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-cross'><filename>cross</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-native'><filename>native</filename></link>
+ classes.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-report-error'>
+ <title><filename>report-error.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>report-error</filename> class supports enabling the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#using-the-error-reporting-tool'>error reporting tool</ulink>,
+ which allows you to submit build error information to a central
+ database.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The class collects debug information for recipe, recipe version, task,
+ machine, distro, build system, target system, host distro, branch,
+ commit, and log.
+ From the information, report files using a JSON format are created and
+ stored in
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-LOG_DIR'><filename>LOG_DIR</filename></link><filename>}/error-report</filename>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-rm-work'>
+ <title><filename>rm_work.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>rm_work</filename> class supports deletion of temporary
+ workspace, which can ease your hard drive demands during builds.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system can use a substantial amount of disk
+ space during the build process.
+ A portion of this space is the work files under the
+ <filename>${TMPDIR}/work</filename> directory for each recipe.
+ Once the build system generates the packages for a recipe, the work
+ files for that recipe are no longer needed.
+ However, by default, the build system preserves these files
+ for inspection and possible debugging purposes.
+ If you would rather have these files deleted to save disk space
+ as the build progresses, you can enable <filename>rm_work</filename>
+ by adding the following to your <filename>local.conf</filename> file,
+ which is found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "rm_work"
+ </literallayout>
+ If you are modifying and building source code out of the work directory
+ for a recipe, enabling <filename>rm_work</filename> will potentially
+ result in your changes to the source being lost.
+ To exclude some recipes from having their work directories deleted by
+ <filename>rm_work</filename>, you can add the names of the recipe or
+ recipes you are working on to the <filename>RM_WORK_EXCLUDE</filename>
+ variable, which can also be set in your <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ file.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RM_WORK_EXCLUDE += "busybox glibc"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-rootfs*'>
+ <title><filename>rootfs*.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>rootfs*</filename> classes support creating
+ the root filesystem for an image and consist of the following classes:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>rootfs_deb</filename> class, which supports
+ creation of root filesystems for images built using
+ <filename>.deb</filename> packages.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>rootfs_rpm</filename> class, which supports
+ creation of root filesystems for images built using
+ <filename>.rpm</filename> packages.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>rootfs_ipk</filename> class, which supports
+ creation of root filesystems for images built using
+ <filename>.ipk</filename> packages.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The root filesystem is created from packages using one of the
+ <filename>rootfs*.bbclass</filename> files as determined by the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on how root filesystem images are created, see the
+ "<link linkend='image-generation-dev-environment'>Image Generation</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-sanity'>
+ <title><filename>sanity.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>sanity</filename> class checks to see if prerequisite
+ software is present on the host system so that users can be notified
+ of potential problems that might affect their build.
+ The class also performs basic user configuration checks from
+ the <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file to
+ prevent common mistakes that cause build failures.
+ Distribution policy usually determines whether to include this class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-scons'>
+ <title><filename>scons.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>scons</filename> class supports recipes that need to
+ build software that uses the SCons build system.
+ You can use the
+ <link linkend='var-EXTRA_OESCONS'><filename>EXTRA_OESCONS</filename></link>
+ variable to specify additional configuration options you want to pass
+ SCons command line.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-sdl'>
+ <title><filename>sdl.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>sdl</filename> class supports recipes that need to build
+ software that uses the Simple DirectMedia Layer (SDL) library.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-setuptools'>
+ <title><filename>setuptools.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>setuptools</filename> class supports Python
+ version 2.x extensions that use build systems based on
+ <filename>setuptools</filename>.
+ If your recipe uses these build systems, the recipe needs to
+ inherit the <filename>setuptools</filename> class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-setuptools3'>
+ <title><filename>setuptools3.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>setuptools3</filename> class supports Python
+ version 3.x extensions that use build systems based on
+ <filename>setuptools3</filename>.
+ If your recipe uses these build systems, the recipe needs to
+ inherit the <filename>setuptools3</filename> class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-sip'>
+ <title><filename>sip.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>sip</filename> class
+ supports recipes that build or package SIP-based Python bindings.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-siteconfig'>
+ <title><filename>siteconfig.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>siteconfig</filename> class
+ provides functionality for handling site configuration.
+ The class is used by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></link>
+ class to accelerate the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ task.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-siteinfo'>
+ <title><filename>siteinfo.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>siteinfo</filename> class provides information about
+ the targets that might be needed by other classes or recipes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As an example, consider Autotools, which can require tests that must
+ execute on the target hardware.
+ Since this is not possible in general when cross compiling, site
+ information is used to provide cached test results so these tests can
+ be skipped over but still make the correct values available.
+ The
+ <filename><link linkend='structure-meta-site'>meta/site directory</link></filename>
+ contains test results sorted into different categories such as
+ architecture, endianness, and the <filename>libc</filename> used.
+ Site information provides a list of files containing data relevant to
+ the current build in the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-CONFIG_SITE'>CONFIG_SITE</link></filename> variable
+ that Autotools automatically picks up.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The class also provides variables like
+ <filename><link linkend='var-SITEINFO_ENDIANNESS'>SITEINFO_ENDIANNESS</link></filename>
+ and <filename><link linkend='var-SITEINFO_BITS'>SITEINFO_BITS</link></filename>
+ that can be used elsewhere in the metadata.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-base'><filename>base</filename></link> class
+ includes the <filename>siteinfo</filename> class, it is always active.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-spdx'>
+ <title><filename>spdx.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>spdx</filename> class integrates real-time license
+ scanning, generation of SPDX standard output, and verification
+ of license information during the build.
+ <note>
+ This class is currently at the prototype stage in the 1.6
+ release.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-sstate'>
+ <title><filename>sstate.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>sstate</filename> class provides support for Shared
+ State (sstate).
+ By default, the class is enabled through the
+ <link linkend='var-INHERIT_DISTRO'><filename>INHERIT_DISTRO</filename></link>
+ variable's default value.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on sstate, see the
+ "<link linkend='shared-state-cache'>Shared State Cache</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-staging'>
+ <title><filename>staging.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>staging</filename> class provides support for staging
+ files into the sysroot during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-populate_sysroot'><filename>do_populate_sysroot</filename></link>
+ task.
+ The class is enabled by default because it is inherited by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-base'><filename>base</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-syslinux'>
+ <title><filename>syslinux.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>syslinux</filename> class provides syslinux-specific
+ functions for building bootable images.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The class supports the following variables:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-INITRD'><filename>INITRD</filename></link>:
+ Indicates list of filesystem images to concatenate and use as
+ an initial RAM disk (initrd).
+ This variable is optional.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-ROOTFS'><filename>ROOTFS</filename></link>:
+ Indicates a filesystem image to include as the root filesystem.
+ This variable is optional.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-AUTO_SYSLINUXMENU'><filename>AUTO_SYSLINUXMENU</filename></link>:
+ Enables creating an automatic menu when set to "1".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-LABELS'><filename>LABELS</filename></link>:
+ Lists targets for automatic configuration.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-APPEND'><filename>APPEND</filename></link>:
+ Lists append string overrides for each label.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-SYSLINUX_OPTS'><filename>SYSLINUX_OPTS</filename></link>:
+ Lists additional options to add to the syslinux file.
+ Semicolon characters separate multiple options.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-SYSLINUX_SPLASH'><filename>SYSLINUX_SPLASH</filename></link>:
+ Lists a background for the VGA boot menu when you are using the
+ boot menu.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-SYSLINUX_DEFAULT_CONSOLE'><filename>SYSLINUX_DEFAULT_CONSOLE</filename></link>:
+ Set to "console=ttyX" to change kernel boot default console.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-SYSLINUX_SERIAL'><filename>SYSLINUX_SERIAL</filename></link>:
+ Sets an alternate serial port.
+ Or, turns off serial when the variable is set with an
+ empty string.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-SYSLINUX_SERIAL_TTY'><filename>SYSLINUX_SERIAL_TTY</filename></link>:
+ Sets an alternate "console=tty..." kernel boot argument.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-systemd'>
+ <title><filename>systemd.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>systemd</filename> class provides support for recipes
+ that install systemd unit files.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The functionality for this class is disabled unless you have "systemd"
+ in
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Under this class, the recipe or Makefile (i.e. whatever the recipe is
+ calling during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task) installs unit files into
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-D'><filename>D</filename></link><filename>}${systemd_unitdir}/system</filename>.
+ If the unit files being installed go into packages other than the
+ main package, you need to set
+ <link linkend='var-SYSTEMD_PACKAGES'><filename>SYSTEMD_PACKAGES</filename></link>
+ in your recipe to identify the packages in which the files will be
+ installed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You should set
+ <link linkend='var-SYSTEMD_SERVICE'><filename>SYSTEMD_SERVICE</filename></link>
+ to the name of the service file.
+ You should also use a package name override to indicate the package
+ to which the value applies.
+ If the value applies to the recipe's main package, use
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link><filename>}</filename>.
+ Here is an example from the connman recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SYSTEMD_SERVICE_${PN} = "connman.service"
+ </literallayout>
+ Services are set up to start on boot automatically unless
+ you have set
+ <link linkend='var-SYSTEMD_AUTO_ENABLE'><filename>SYSTEMD_AUTO_ENABLE</filename></link>
+ to "disable".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on <filename>systemd</filename>, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#selecting-an-initialization-manager'>Selecting an Initialization Manager</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-terminal'>
+ <title><filename>terminal.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>terminal</filename> class provides support for starting
+ a terminal session.
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-OE_TERMINAL'><filename>OE_TERMINAL</filename></link>
+ variable controls which terminal emulator is used for the session.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Other classes use the <filename>terminal</filename> class anywhere a
+ separate terminal session needs to be started.
+ For example, the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-patch'><filename>patch</filename></link>
+ class assuming
+ <link linkend='var-PATCHRESOLVE'><filename>PATCHRESOLVE</filename></link>
+ is set to "user", the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-cml1'><filename>cml1</filename></link>
+ class, and the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-devshell'><filename>devshell</filename></link>
+ class all use the <filename>terminal</filename> class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-testimage'>
+ <title><filename>testimage.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>testimage</filename> class supports running automated
+ tests against images using QEMU and on actual hardware.
+ The class handles loading the tests and starting the image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use the class, you need to perform steps to set up the
+ environment.
+ The tests are commands that run on the target system over
+ <filename>ssh</filename>.
+ they are written in Python and make use of the
+ <filename>unittest</filename> module.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on how to enable, run, and create new tests, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#performing-automated-runtime-testing'>Performing Automated Runtime Testing</ulink>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-texinfo'>
+ <title><filename>texinfo.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This class should be inherited by recipes whose upstream packages
+ invoke the <filename>texinfo</filename> utilities at build-time.
+ Native and cross recipes are made to use the dummy scripts provided
+ by <filename>texinfo-dummy-native</filename>, for improved performance.
+ Target architecture recipes use the genuine
+ Texinfo utilities.
+ By default, they use the Texinfo utilities on the host system.
+ <note>
+ If you want to use the Texinfo recipe shipped with the build
+ system, you can remove "texinfo-native" from
+ <link linkend='var-ASSUME_PROVIDED'><filename>ASSUME_PROVIDED</filename></link>
+ and makeinfo from
+ <link linkend='var-SANITY_REQUIRED_UTILITIES'><filename>SANITY_REQUIRED_UTILITIES</filename></link>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-tinderclient'>
+ <title><filename>tinderclient.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>tinderclient</filename> class submits build results to
+ an external Tinderbox instance.
+ <note>
+ This class is currently unmaintained.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-toaster'>
+ <title><filename>toaster.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>toaster</filename> class collects information about
+ packages and images and sends them as events that the BitBake
+ user interface can receive.
+ The class is enabled when the Toaster user interface is running.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class is not intended to be used directly.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-toolchain-scripts'>
+ <title><filename>toolchain-scripts.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>toolchain-scripts</filename> class provides the scripts
+ used for setting up the environment for installed SDKs.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-typecheck'>
+ <title><filename>typecheck.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>typecheck</filename> class provides support for
+ validating the values of variables set at the configuration level
+ against their defined types.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system allows you to define the type of a
+ variable using the "type" varflag.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_FEATURES[type] = "list"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-uboot-config'>
+ <title><filename>uboot-config.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>uboot-config</filename> class provides support for
+ U-Boot configuration for a machine.
+ Specify the machine in your recipe as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ UBOOT_CONFIG ??= <default>
+ UBOOT_CONFIG[foo] = "config,images"
+ </literallayout>
+ You can also specify the machine using this method:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ UBOOT_MACHINE = "config"
+ </literallayout>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-UBOOT_CONFIG'><filename>UBOOT_CONFIG</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-UBOOT_MACHINE'><filename>UBOOT_MACHINE</filename></link>
+ variables for additional information.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-uninative'>
+ <title><filename>uninative.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Provides a means of reusing <filename>native/cross</filename> over
+ multiple distros.
+ <note>
+ Currently, the method used by the <filename>uninative</filename>
+ class is experimental.
+ </note>
+ For more information, see the commit message
+ <ulink url='http://cgit.openembedded.org/openembedded-core/commit/?id=e66c96ae9c7ba21ebd04a4807390f0031238a85a'>here</ulink>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-update-alternatives'>
+ <title><filename>update-alternatives.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>update-alternatives</filename> class helps the
+ alternatives system when multiple sources provide the same command.
+ This situation occurs when several programs that have the same or
+ similar function are installed with the same name.
+ For example, the <filename>ar</filename> command is available from the
+ <filename>busybox</filename>, <filename>binutils</filename> and
+ <filename>elfutils</filename> packages.
+ The <filename>update-alternatives</filename> class handles
+ renaming the binaries so that multiple packages can be installed
+ without conflicts.
+ The <filename>ar</filename> command still works regardless of which
+ packages are installed or subsequently removed.
+ The class renames the conflicting binary in each package and symlinks
+ the highest priority binary during installation or removal of packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use this class, you need to define a number of variables:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-ALTERNATIVE'><filename>ALTERNATIVE</filename></link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-ALTERNATIVE_LINK_NAME'><filename>ALTERNATIVE_LINK_NAME</filename></link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-ALTERNATIVE_TARGET'><filename>ALTERNATIVE_TARGET</filename></link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><link linkend='var-ALTERNATIVE_PRIORITY'><filename>ALTERNATIVE_PRIORITY</filename></link>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ These variables list alternative commands needed by a package,
+ provide pathnames for links, default links for targets, and
+ so forth.
+ For details on how to use this class, see the comments in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/tree/meta/classes/update-alternatives.bbclass'><filename>update-alternatives.bbclass</filename></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ You can use the <filename>update-alternatives</filename> command
+ directly in your recipes.
+ However, this class simplifies things in most cases.
+ </note>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-update-rc.d'>
+ <title><filename>update-rc.d.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>update-rc.d</filename> class uses
+ <filename>update-rc.d</filename> to safely install an
+ initialization script on behalf of the package.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system takes care of details such as making
+ sure the script is stopped before a package is removed and started when
+ the package is installed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Three variables control this class:
+ <filename><link linkend='var-INITSCRIPT_PACKAGES'>INITSCRIPT_PACKAGES</link></filename>,
+ <filename><link linkend='var-INITSCRIPT_NAME'>INITSCRIPT_NAME</link></filename> and
+ <filename><link linkend='var-INITSCRIPT_PARAMS'>INITSCRIPT_PARAMS</link></filename>.
+ See the variable links for details.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-useradd'>
+ <title><filename>useradd.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>useradd</filename> class supports the addition of users
+ or groups for usage by the package on the target.
+ For example, if you have packages that contain system services that
+ should be run under their own user or group, you can use this class to
+ enable creation of the user or group.
+ The <filename>meta-skeleton/recipes-skeleton/useradd/useradd-example.bb</filename>
+ recipe in the <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ provides a simple example that shows how to add three
+ users and groups to two packages.
+ See the <filename>useradd-example.bb</filename> recipe for more
+ information on how to use this class.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>useradd</filename> class supports the
+ <link linkend='var-USERADD_PACKAGES'><filename>USERADD_PACKAGES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-USERADD_PARAM'><filename>USERADD_PARAM</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-GROUPADD_PARAM'><filename>GROUPADD_PARAM</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-GROUPMEMS_PARAM'><filename>GROUPMEMS_PARAM</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-useradd-staticids'>
+ <title><filename>useradd-staticids.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>useradd-staticids</filename> class supports the addition
+ of users or groups that have static user identification
+ (<filename>uid</filename>) and group identification
+ (<filename>gid</filename>) values.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default behavior of the OpenEmbedded build system for assigning
+ <filename>uid</filename> and <filename>gid</filename> values when
+ packages add users and groups during package install time is to
+ add them dynamically.
+ This works fine for programs that do not care what the values of the
+ resulting users and groups become.
+ In these cases, the order of the installation determines the final
+ <filename>uid</filename> and <filename>gid</filename> values.
+ However, if non-deterministic
+ <filename>uid</filename> and <filename>gid</filename> values are a
+ problem, you can override the default, dynamic application of these
+ values by setting static values.
+ When you set static values, the OpenEmbedded build system looks in
+ <link linkend='var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></link> for
+ <filename>files/passwd</filename> and <filename>files/group</filename>
+ files for the values.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use static <filename>uid</filename> and <filename>gid</filename>
+ values, you need to set some variables.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-USERADDEXTENSION'><filename>USERADDEXTENSION</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-USERADD_UID_TABLES'><filename>USERADD_UID_TABLES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-USERADD_GID_TABLES'><filename>USERADD_GID_TABLES</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-USERADD_ERROR_DYNAMIC'><filename>USERADD_ERROR_DYNAMIC</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ You can also see the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-useradd'><filename>useradd</filename></link>
+ class for additional information.
+ </para>
+
+ <note><title>Notes</title>
+ You do not use this class directly.
+ You either enable or disable the class by setting the
+ <filename>USERADDEXTENSION</filename> variable.
+ If you enable or disable the class in a configured system,
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ might contain incorrect <filename>uid</filename> and
+ <filename>gid</filename> values.
+ Deleting the <filename>TMPDIR</filename> directory
+ will correct this condition.
+ </note>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-utility-tasks'>
+ <title><filename>utility-tasks.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>utility-tasks</filename> class provides support for
+ various "utility" type tasks that are applicable to all recipes,
+ such as
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-clean'><filename>do_clean</filename></link> and
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-listtasks'><filename>do_listtasks</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class is enabled by default because it is inherited by
+ the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-base'><filename>base</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-utils'>
+ <title><filename>utils.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>utils</filename> class provides some useful Python
+ functions that are typically used in inline Python expressions
+ (e.g. <filename>${@...}</filename>).
+ One example use is for <filename>bb.utils.contains()</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This class is enabled by default because it is inherited by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-base'><filename>base</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-vala'>
+ <title><filename>vala.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>vala</filename> class supports recipes that need to
+ build software written using the Vala programming language.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='ref-classes-waf'>
+ <title><filename>waf.bbclass</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>waf</filename> class supports recipes that need to build
+ software that uses the Waf build system.
+ You can use the
+ <link linkend='var-EXTRA_OECONF'><filename>EXTRA_OECONF</filename></link>
+ variable to specify additional configuration options to be passed on
+ the Waf command line.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<!-- Undocumented classes are:
+ image-empty.bbclass (possibly being dropped)
+ migrate_localcount.bbclass (still need a description)
+-->
+
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-features.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-features.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..798e0a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-features.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='ref-features'>
+ <title>Features</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This chapter provides a reference of shipped machine and distro features
+ you can include as part of your image, a reference on image features you can
+ select, and a reference on feature backfilling.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Features provide a mechanism for working out which packages
+ should be included in the generated images.
+ Distributions can select which features they want to support through the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'>DISTRO_FEATURES</link></filename>
+ variable, which is set or appended to in a distribution's configuration file such as
+ <filename>poky.conf</filename>,
+ <filename>poky-tiny.conf</filename>,
+ <filename>poky-lsb.conf</filename> and so forth.
+ Machine features are set in the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES'>MACHINE_FEATURES</link></filename>
+ variable, which is set in the machine configuration file and
+ specifies the hardware features for a given machine.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ These two variables combine to work out which kernel modules,
+ utilities, and other packages to include.
+ A given distribution can support a selected subset of features so some machine features might not
+ be included if the distribution itself does not support them.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ One method you can use to determine which recipes are checking to see if a
+ particular feature is contained or not is to <filename>grep</filename> through
+ the <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ for the feature.
+ Here is an example that discovers the recipes whose build is potentially
+ changed based on a given feature:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd poky
+ $ git grep 'contains.*MACHINE_FEATURES.*<replaceable>feature</replaceable>'
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='ref-features-machine'>
+ <title>Machine Features</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The items below are features you can use with
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES'><filename>MACHINE_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ Features do not have a one-to-one correspondence to packages, and they can
+ go beyond simply controlling the installation of a package or packages.
+ Sometimes a feature can influence how certain recipes are built.
+ For example, a feature might determine whether a particular configure option
+ is specified within the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ task for a particular recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This feature list only represents features as shipped with the Yocto Project metadata:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>acpi:</emphasis> Hardware has ACPI (x86/x86_64 only)
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>alsa:</emphasis> Hardware has ALSA audio drivers
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>apm:</emphasis> Hardware uses APM (or APM emulation)
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>bluetooth:</emphasis> Hardware has integrated BT
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>efi:</emphasis> Support for booting through EFI
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ext2:</emphasis> Hardware HDD or Microdrive
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>irda:</emphasis> Hardware has IrDA support
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>keyboard:</emphasis> Hardware has a keyboard
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>pcbios:</emphasis> Support for booting through BIOS
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>pci:</emphasis> Hardware has a PCI bus
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>pcmcia:</emphasis> Hardware has PCMCIA or CompactFlash sockets
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>phone:</emphasis> Mobile phone (voice) support
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>qvga:</emphasis> Machine has a QVGA (320x240) display
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>rtc:</emphasis> Machine has a Real-Time Clock
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>screen:</emphasis> Hardware has a screen
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>serial:</emphasis> Hardware has serial support (usually RS232)
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>touchscreen:</emphasis> Hardware has a touchscreen
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>usbgadget:</emphasis> Hardware is USB gadget device capable
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>usbhost:</emphasis> Hardware is USB Host capable
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>vfat:</emphasis> FAT file system support
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>wifi:</emphasis> Hardware has integrated WiFi
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-features-distro'>
+ <title>Distro Features</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The items below are features you can use with
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ to enable features across your distribution.
+ Features do not have a one-to-one correspondence to packages,
+ and they can go beyond simply controlling the installation of a
+ package or packages.
+ In most cases, the presence or absence of a feature translates to
+ the appropriate option supplied to the configure script during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ task for the recipes that optionally
+ support the feature.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some distro features are also machine features.
+ These select features make sense to be controlled both at
+ the machine and distribution configuration level.
+ See the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-COMBINED_FEATURES'><filename>COMBINED_FEATURES</filename></ulink>
+ variable for more information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This list only represents features as shipped with the Yocto Project metadata:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>alsa:</emphasis> Include ALSA support
+ (OSS compatibility kernel modules installed if available).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>bluetooth:</emphasis> Include
+ bluetooth support (integrated BT only).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>cramfs:</emphasis> Include CramFS
+ support.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>directfb:</emphasis>
+ Include DirectFB support.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ext2:</emphasis> Include tools for
+ supporting for devices with internal HDD/Microdrive for
+ storing files (instead of Flash only devices).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ipsec:</emphasis> Include IPSec
+ support.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ipv6:</emphasis> Include IPv6 support.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>irda:</emphasis> Include IrDA support.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>keyboard:</emphasis> Include keyboard
+ support (e.g. keymaps will be loaded during boot).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>nfs:</emphasis> Include NFS client
+ support (for mounting NFS exports on device).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>opengl:</emphasis>
+ Include the Open Graphics Library, which is a
+ cross-language, multi-platform application programming
+ interface used for rendering two and three-dimensional
+ graphics.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>pci:</emphasis> Include PCI bus
+ support.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>pcmcia:</emphasis> Include
+ PCMCIA/CompactFlash support.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ppp:</emphasis> Include PPP dialup
+ support.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ptest:</emphasis> Enables building
+ the package tests where supported by individual recipes.
+ For more information on package tests, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#testing-packages-with-ptest'>Testing Packages With ptest</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>smbfs:</emphasis> Include SMB networks
+ client support (for mounting Samba/Microsoft Windows shares
+ on device).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>systemd:</emphasis> Include support
+ for this <filename>init</filename> manager, which is a full
+ replacement of for <filename>init</filename> with parallel
+ starting of services, reduced shell overhead, and other
+ features.
+ This <filename>init</filename> manager is used by many
+ distributions.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>usbgadget:</emphasis> Include USB
+ Gadget Device support (for USB networking/serial/storage).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>usbhost:</emphasis> Include USB Host
+ support (allows to connect external keyboard, mouse,
+ storage, network etc).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>wayland:</emphasis> Include the
+ Wayland display server protocol and the library that
+ supports it.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>wifi:</emphasis> Include WiFi support
+ (integrated only).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>x11:</emphasis> Include the X server
+ and libraries.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-features-image'>
+ <title>Image Features</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The contents of images generated by the OpenEmbedded build system
+ can be controlled by the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ variables that you typically configure in your image recipes.
+ Through these variables, you can add several different
+ predefined packages such as development utilities or packages with
+ debug information needed to investigate application problems or
+ profile applications.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following image features are available for all images:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>allow-empty-password:</emphasis>
+ Allows Dropbear and OpenSSH to accept root logins
+ and logins from accounts having an empty password string.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>dbg-pkgs:</emphasis>
+ Installs debug symbol packages for all packages installed
+ in a given image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>debug-tweaks:</emphasis>
+ Makes an image suitable for development (e.g.
+ allows root logins without passwords and enables
+ post-installation logging).
+ See the 'allow-empty-password', 'empty-root-password',
+ and 'post-install-logging' features in this list for
+ additional information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>dev-pkgs:</emphasis>
+ Installs development packages (headers and extra library
+ links) for all packages installed in a given image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>doc-pkgs:</emphasis> Installs
+ documentation packages for all packages installed in a
+ given image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>empty-root-password:</emphasis>
+ Sets the root password to an empty string, which allows
+ logins with a blank password.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>package-management:</emphasis>
+ Installs package management tools and preserves the package
+ manager database.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>post-install-logging:</emphasis>
+ Enables logging postinstall script runs to
+ the <filename>/var/log/postinstall.log</filename> file
+ on first boot of the image on the target system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ptest-pkgs:</emphasis>
+ Installs ptest packages for all ptest-enabled recipes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>read-only-rootfs:</emphasis>
+ Creates an image whose root filesystem is read-only.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-a-read-only-root-filesystem'>Creating a Read-Only Root Filesystem</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for more
+ information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>splash:</emphasis>
+ Enables showing a splash screen during boot.
+ By default, this screen is provided by
+ <filename>psplash</filename>, which does allow
+ customization.
+ If you prefer to use an alternative splash screen package,
+ you can do so by setting the <filename>SPLASH</filename>
+ variable to a different package name (or names) within the
+ image recipe or at the distro configuration level.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>staticdev-pkgs:</emphasis>
+ Installs static development packages, which are
+ static libraries (i.e. <filename>*.a</filename> files), for
+ all packages installed in a given image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some image features are available only when you inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-core-image'><filename>core-image</filename></link>
+ class.
+ The current list of these valid features is as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>eclipse-debug:</emphasis> Provides
+ Eclipse remote debugging support.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>hwcodecs:</emphasis> Installs
+ hardware acceleration codecs.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>nfs-server:</emphasis>
+ Installs an NFS server.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>qt4-pkgs:</emphasis>
+ Supports Qt4/X11 and demo applications.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ssh-server-dropbear:</emphasis>
+ Installs the Dropbear minimal SSH server.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>ssh-server-openssh:</emphasis>
+ Installs the OpenSSH SSH server, which is more
+ full-featured than Dropbear.
+ Note that if both the OpenSSH SSH server and the Dropbear
+ minimal SSH server are present in
+ <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename>, then OpenSSH will take
+ precedence and Dropbear will not be installed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>tools-debug:</emphasis>
+ Installs debugging tools such as
+ <filename>strace</filename> and <filename>gdb</filename>.
+ For information on GDB, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#platdev-gdb-remotedebug'>Debugging With the GNU Project Debugger (GDB) Remotely</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ For information on tracing and profiling, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_PROF_URL;'>Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>tools-profile:</emphasis>
+ Installs profiling tools such as
+ <filename>oprofile</filename>, <filename>exmap</filename>,
+ and <filename>LTTng</filename>.
+ For general information on user-space tools, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#user-space-tools'>User-Space Tools</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's
+ Guide.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>tools-sdk:</emphasis>
+ Installs a full SDK that runs on the device.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>tools-testapps:</emphasis>
+ Installs device testing tools (e.g. touchscreen debugging).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>x11:</emphasis>
+ Installs the X server.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>x11-base:</emphasis>
+ Installs the X server with a minimal environment.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>x11-sato:</emphasis>
+ Installs the OpenedHand Sato environment.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-features-backfill'>
+ <title>Feature Backfilling</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Sometimes it is necessary in the OpenEmbedded build system to extend
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES'><filename>MACHINE_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ or <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ to control functionality that was previously enabled and not able
+ to be disabled.
+ For these cases, we need to add an
+ additional feature item to appear in one of these variables,
+ but we do not want to force developers who have existing values
+ of the variables in their configuration to add the new feature
+ in order to retain the same overall level of functionality.
+ Thus, the OpenEmbedded build system has a mechanism to
+ automatically "backfill" these added features into existing
+ distro or machine configurations.
+ You can see the list of features for which this is done by
+ finding the
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL</filename></link>
+ and <link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL'><filename>MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL</filename></link>
+ variables in the <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because such features are backfilled by default into all
+ configurations as described in the previous paragraph, developers
+ who wish to disable the new features need to be able to selectively
+ prevent the backfilling from occurring.
+ They can do this by adding the undesired feature or features to the
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED</filename></link>
+ or <link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED'><filename>MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED</filename></link>
+ variables for distro features and machine features respectively.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are two examples to help illustrate feature backfilling:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>The "pulseaudio" distro feature option</emphasis>:
+ Previously, PulseAudio support was enabled within the Qt and
+ GStreamer frameworks.
+ Because of this, the feature is backfilled and thus
+ enabled for all distros through the
+ <filename>DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL</filename>
+ variable in the <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> file.
+ However, your distro needs to disable the feature.
+ You can disable the feature without affecting
+ other existing distro configurations that need PulseAudio support
+ by adding "pulseaudio" to
+ <filename>DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED</filename>
+ in your distro's <filename>.conf</filename> file.
+ Adding the feature to this variable when it also
+ exists in the <filename>DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL</filename>
+ variable prevents the build system from adding the feature to
+ your configuration's <filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename>, effectively disabling
+ the feature for that particular distro.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>The "rtc" machine feature option</emphasis>:
+ Previously, real time clock (RTC) support was enabled for all
+ target devices.
+ Because of this, the feature is backfilled and thus enabled
+ for all machines through the <filename>MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL</filename>
+ variable in the <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> file.
+ However, your target device does not have this capability.
+ You can disable RTC support for your device without
+ affecting other machines that need RTC support
+ by adding the feature to your machine's
+ <filename>MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED</filename>
+ list in the machine's <filename>.conf</filename> file.
+ Adding the feature to this variable when it also
+ exists in the <filename>MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL</filename>
+ variable prevents the build system from adding the feature to
+ your configuration's <filename>MACHINE_FEATURES</filename>, effectively
+ disabling RTC support for that particular machine.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
+
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4 spell spelllang=en_gb
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-images.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-images.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d15ca5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-images.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='ref-images'>
+ <title>Images</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system provides several example
+ images to satisfy different needs.
+ When you issue the <filename>bitbake</filename> command you provide a “top-level” recipe
+ that essentially begins the build for the type of image you want.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Building an image without GNU General Public License Version 3 (GPLv3),
+ GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 (LGPLv3), and the
+ GNU Affero General Public License Version 3 (AGPL-3.0) components
+ is only supported for minimal and base images.
+ Furthermore, if you are going to build an image using non-GPLv3 and
+ similarly licensed components, you must make the following changes in
+ the <filename>local.conf</filename> file before using the BitBake
+ command to build the minimal or base image:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ 1. Comment out the EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES line
+ 2. Set INCOMPATIBLE_LICENSE = "GPL-3.0 LGPL-3.0 AGPL-3.0"
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ From within the <filename>poky</filename> Git repository, you can use
+ the following command to display the list of directories within the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ that containe image recipe files:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ls meta*/recipes*/images/*.bb
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is a list of supported recipes:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>build-appliance-image</filename>:
+ An example virtual machine that contains all the pieces required to
+ run builds using the build system as well as the build system itself.
+ You can boot and run the image using either the
+ <ulink url='http://www.vmware.com/products/player/overview.html'>VMware Player</ulink>
+ or <ulink url='http://www.vmware.com/products/workstation/overview.html'>VMware Workstation</ulink>.
+ For more information on this image, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/documentation/build-appliance'>Build Appliance</ulink> page on
+ the Yocto Project website.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-base</filename>:
+ A console-only image that fully supports the target device hardware.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-clutter</filename>:
+ An image with support for the Open GL-based toolkit Clutter, which enables development of
+ rich and animated graphical user interfaces.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-directfb</filename>:
+ An image that uses <filename>directfb</filename> instead of X11.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-full-cmdline</filename>:
+ A console-only image with more full-featured Linux system
+ functionality installed.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-lsb</filename>:
+ An image that conforms to the Linux Standard Base (LSB)
+ specification.
+ This image requires a distribution configuration that
+ enables LSB compliance (e.g. <filename>poky-lsb</filename>).
+ If you build <filename>core-image-lsb</filename> without that
+ configuration, the image will not be LSB-compliant.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-lsb-dev</filename>:
+ A <filename>core-image-lsb</filename> image that is suitable for development work
+ using the host.
+ The image includes headers and libraries you can use in a host development
+ environment.
+ This image requires a distribution configuration that
+ enables LSB compliance (e.g. <filename>poky-lsb</filename>).
+ If you build <filename>core-image-lsb-dev</filename> without that
+ configuration, the image will not be LSB-compliant.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-lsb-sdk</filename>:
+ A <filename>core-image-lsb</filename> that includes everything in
+ meta-toolchain but also includes development headers and libraries
+ to form a complete standalone SDK.
+ This image requires a distribution configuration that
+ enables LSB compliance (e.g. <filename>poky-lsb</filename>).
+ If you build <filename>core-image-lsb-sdk</filename> without that
+ configuration, the image will not be LSB-compliant.
+ This image is suitable for development using the target.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-minimal</filename>:
+ A small image just capable of allowing a device to boot.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-minimal-dev</filename>:
+ A <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> image suitable for development work
+ using the host.
+ The image includes headers and libraries you can use in a host development
+ environment.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para id='images-core-image-minimal-initramfs'><filename>core-image-minimal-initramfs</filename>:
+ A <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> image that has the Minimal RAM-based
+ Initial Root Filesystem (initramfs) as part of the kernel,
+ which allows the system to find the first “init” program more efficiently.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_INSTALL'><filename>PACKAGE_INSTALL</filename></link>
+ variable for additional information helpful when working with
+ initramfs images.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-minimal-mtdutils</filename>:
+ A <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> image that has support
+ for the Minimal MTD Utilities, which let the user interact with the
+ MTD subsystem in the kernel to perform operations on flash devices.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-rt</filename>:
+ A <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> image plus a real-time test suite and
+ tools appropriate for real-time use.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-rt-sdk</filename>:
+ A <filename>core-image-rt</filename> image that includes everything in
+ <filename>meta-toolchain</filename>.
+ The image also includes development headers and libraries to form a complete
+ stand-alone SDK and is suitable for development using the target.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-sato</filename>:
+ An image with Sato support, a mobile environment and visual style that works well
+ with mobile devices.
+ The image supports X11 with a Sato theme and applications such as
+ a terminal, editor, file manager, media player, and so forth.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-sato-dev</filename>:
+ A <filename>core-image-sato</filename> image suitable for development
+ using the host.
+ The image includes libraries needed to build applications on the device itself,
+ testing and profiling tools, and debug symbols.
+ This image was formerly <filename>core-image-sdk</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-sato-sdk</filename>:
+ A <filename>core-image-sato</filename> image that includes everything in meta-toolchain.
+ The image also includes development headers and libraries to form a complete standalone SDK
+ and is suitable for development using the target.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-testmaster</filename>:
+ A "master" image designed to be used for automated runtime testing.
+ Provides a "known good" image that is deployed to a separate
+ partition so that you can boot into it and use it to deploy a
+ second image to be tested.
+ You can find more information about runtime testing in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#performing-automated-runtime-testing'>Performing Automated Runtime Testing</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-testmaster-initramfs</filename>:
+ A RAM-based Initial Root Filesystem (initramfs) image tailored for
+ use with the <filename>core-image-testmaster</filename> image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-weston</filename>:
+ A very basic Wayland image with a terminal.
+ This image provides the Wayland protocol libraries and the
+ reference Weston compositor.
+ For more information, see the
+ "<link linkend='wayland'>Wayland</link>" section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>core-image-x11</filename>:
+ A very basic X11 image with a terminal.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>qt4e-demo-image</filename>:
+ An image that launches into the demo application for the embedded
+ (not based on X11) version of Qt.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-manual-customization.xsl b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-manual-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
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+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:include href="../template/permalinks.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/section.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/component.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/division.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/formal.object.heading.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/gloss-permalinks.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/qa-code-permalinks.xsl"/>
+
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'ref-style.css'" />
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel" select="A" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="generate.id.attributes" select="1" />
+
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diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-manual-eclipse-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
+ version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import
+ href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
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+
+ <xsl:param name="chunker.output.indent" select="'yes'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.quietly" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.first.sections" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.section.depth" select="10"/>
+ <xsl:param name="use.id.as.filename" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="ulink.target" select="'_self'" />
+ <xsl:param name="base.dir" select="'html/ref-manual/'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'../book.css'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="eclipse.manifest" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="create.plugin.xml" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="suppress.navigation" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="generate.index" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel">A</xsl:param>
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-manual.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-manual.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b4eddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-manual.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<book id='ref-manual' lang='en'
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
+ xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ >
+ <bookinfo>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref='figures/poky-title.png'
+ format='SVG'
+ align='left' scalefit='1' width='100%'/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ <title>
+ Yocto Project Reference Manual
+ </title>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Richard</firstname> <surname>Purdie</surname>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>Linux Foundation</orgname>
+ </affiliation>
+ <email>richard.purdie@linuxfoundation.org</email>
+ </author>
+
+ </authorgroup>
+
+ <revhistory>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>4.0+git</revnumber>
+ <date>24 November 2010</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 0.9 Release</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
+ <date>6 April 2011</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.0 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0.1</revnumber>
+ <date>23 May 2011</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.0.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.1</revnumber>
+ <date>6 October 2011</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.2</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2012</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.2 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.3</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2012</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.3 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.4</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.4 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2013</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.5.1</revnumber>
+ <date>January 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.5.1 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.6</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.6 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.7</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2014</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.7 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.8</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.8 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.9</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.9 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>©RIGHT_YEAR;</year>
+ <holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <legalnotice>
+ <para>
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
+ the terms of the <ulink type="http" url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales</ulink> as published by Creative Commons.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ For the latest version of this manual associated with this
+ Yocto Project release, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;'>Yocto Project Reference Manual</ulink>
+ from the Yocto Project website.
+ </note>
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ </bookinfo>
+
+ <xi:include href="introduction.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="usingpoky.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="closer-look.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="technical-details.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="migration.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="ref-structure.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="ref-classes.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="ref-tasks.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="ref-qa-checks.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="ref-images.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="ref-features.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="ref-variables.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="ref-varlocality.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="faq.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="resources.xml"/>
+
+<!-- <index id='index'>
+ <title>Index</title>
+ </index>
+-->
+
+</book>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-qa-checks.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-qa-checks.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38689b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-qa-checks.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1235 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='ref-qa-checks'>
+<title>QA Error and Warning Messages</title>
+
+<section id='qa-introduction'>
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When building a recipe, the OpenEmbedded build system performs
+ various QA checks on the output to ensure that common issues are
+ detected and reported.
+ Sometimes when you create a new recipe to build new software,
+ it will build with no problems.
+ When this is not the case, or when you have QA issues building any
+ software, it could take a little time to resolve them.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ While it is tempting to ignore a QA message or even to
+ disable QA checks, it is best to try and resolve any
+ reported QA issues.
+ This chapter provides a list of the QA messages and brief explanations
+ of the issues you could encounter so that you can properly resolve
+ problems.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The next section provides a list of all QA error and warning
+ messages based on a default configuration.
+ Each entry provides the message or error form along with an
+ explanation.
+ <note>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ At the end of each message, the name of the associated
+ QA test (as listed in the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section) appears within square brackets.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ As mentioned, this list of error and warning messages is for
+ QA checks only.
+ The list does not cover all possible build errors or
+ warnings you could encounter.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Because some QA checks are disabled by default, this list
+ does not include all possible QA check errors and warnings.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='qa-errors-and-warnings'>
+ <title>Errors and Warnings</title>
+
+<!--
+This section uses the <para><code> construct to enable permalinks for the
+various QA issue and warning messages. The file templates/qa-code-permalinks.xsl
+is used to locate the construct and generate the permalink. This solution
+leverages the fact that right now this section in the ref-manual is the only
+place is all the YP docs that uses the <para><code> construct. If, in the
+future, that construct were to appear in the ref-manual, a generic permalink
+would be generated for the text between <code></code>. If a better solution
+can be found then it should be implemented. I can't find one at the moment.
+-->
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-libexec'>
+ <code>
+ <packagename>: <path> is using libexec please relocate to <libexecdir> [libexec]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specified package contains files in
+ <filename>/usr/libexec</filename>.
+ By default, <filename>libexecdir</filename> is set to
+ "${libdir}/${BPN}" rather than to "/usr/libexec".
+ Thus, installing to <filename>/usr/libexec</filename>
+ is likely not desirable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-rpaths'>
+ <code>
+ package <packagename> contains bad RPATH <rpath> in file <file> [rpaths]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specified binary produced by the recipe contains dynamic
+ library load paths (rpaths) that contain build system paths
+ such as
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>,
+ which are incorrect for the target and could potentially
+ be a security issue.
+ Check for bad <filename>-rpath</filename> options being
+ passed to the linker in your
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ log.
+ Depending on the build system used by the software being
+ built, there might be a configure option to disable rpath
+ usage completely within the build of the software.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-useless-rpaths'>
+ <code>
+ <packagename>: <file> contains probably-redundant RPATH <rpath> [useless-rpaths]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specified binary produced by the recipe contains dynamic
+ library load paths (rpaths) that on a standard system are
+ searched by default by the linker (e.g.
+ <filename>/lib</filename> and <filename>/usr/lib</filename>).
+ While these paths will not cause any breakage, they do waste
+ space and are unnecessary.
+ Depending on the build system used by the software being
+ built, there might be a configure option to disable rpath
+ usage completely within the build of the software.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-file-rdeps'>
+ <code>
+ <packagename> requires <files>, but no providers in its RDEPENDS [file-rdeps]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A file-level dependency has been identified from the
+ specified package on the specified files, but there is
+ no explicit corresponding entry in
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>.
+ If particular files are required at runtime then
+ <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> should be declared in the
+ recipe to ensure the packages providing them are built.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-build-deps'>
+ <code>
+ <packagename1> rdepends on <packagename2>, but it isn't a build dependency? [build-deps]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A runtime dependency exists between the two specified
+ packages, but there is nothing explicit within the recipe
+ to enable the OpenEmbedded build system to ensure that
+ dependency is satisfied.
+ This condition is usually triggered by an
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>
+ value being added at the packaging stage rather than up
+ front, which is usually automatic based on the contents of
+ the package.
+ In most cases, you should change the recipe to add an
+ explicit <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> for the dependency.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-dev-so'>
+ <code>
+ non -dev/-dbg/nativesdk- package contains symlink .so: <packagename> path '<path>' [dev-so]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Symlink <filename>.so</filename> files are for development
+ only, and should therefore go into the
+ <filename>-dev</filename> package.
+ This situation might occur if you add
+ <filename>*.so*</filename> rather than
+ <filename>*.so.*</filename> to a non-dev package.
+ Change
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>
+ (and possibly
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></link>)
+ such that the specified <filename>.so</filename> file goes
+ into an appropriate <filename>-dev</filename> package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-staticdev'>
+ <code>
+ non -staticdev package contains static .a library: <packagename> path '<path>' [staticdev]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Static <filename>.a</filename> library files should go into
+ a <filename>-staticdev</filename> package.
+ Change
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>
+ (and possibly
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></link>)
+ such that the specified <filename>.a</filename> file goes
+ into an appropriate <filename>-staticdev</filename> package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-libdir'>
+ <code>
+ <packagename>: found library in wrong location [libdir]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specified file may have been installed into an incorrect
+ (possibly hardcoded) installation path.
+ For example, this test will catch recipes that install
+ <filename>/lib/bar.so</filename> when
+ <filename>${base_libdir}</filename> is "lib32".
+ Another example is when recipes install
+ <filename>/usr/lib64/foo.so</filename> when
+ <filename>${libdir}</filename> is "/usr/lib".
+ False positives occasionally exist.
+ For these cases add "libdir" to
+ <link linkend='var-INSANE_SKIP'><filename>INSANE_SKIP</filename></link>
+ for the package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-debug-files'>
+ <code>
+ non debug package contains .debug directory: <packagename> path <path> [debug-files]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specified package contains a
+ <filename>.debug</filename> directory, which should not
+ appear in anything but the <filename>-dbg</filename>
+ package.
+ This situation might occur if you add a path which contains
+ a <filename>.debug</filename> directory and do not
+ explicitly add the <filename>.debug</filename> directory
+ to the <filename>-dbg</filename> package.
+ If this is the case, add the <filename>.debug</filename>
+ directory explicitly to
+ <filename>FILES_${PN}-dbg</filename>.
+ See
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>
+ for additional information on <filename>FILES</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-arch'>
+ <code>
+ Architecture did not match (<machine_arch> to <file_arch>) on <file> [arch]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system checks the
+ Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) type, bit size, and
+ endianness of any binaries to ensure they match the
+ target architecture.
+ This test fails if any binaries do not match the type since
+ there would be an incompatibility.
+ The test could indicate that the wrong compiler or compiler
+ options have been used.
+ Sometimes software, like bootloaders, might need to
+ bypass this check.
+ If the file you receive the error for is firmware
+ that is not intended to be executed within the target
+ operating system or is intended to run on a separate
+ processor within the device, you can add "arch" to
+ <link linkend='var-INSANE_SKIP'><filename>INSANE_SKIP</filename></link>
+ for the package.
+ Another option is to check the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ log and verify that the compiler options being used
+ are correct.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-arch-bit-size-no-match'>
+ <code>
+ Bit size did not match (<machine_bits> to <file_bits>) <recipe> on <file> [arch]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system checks
+ the Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) type,
+ bit size, and endianness of any binaries to ensure
+ they match the target architecture.
+ This test fails if any binaries do not match the type since
+ there would be an incompatibility.
+ The test could indicate that the wrong compiler or compiler
+ options have been used.
+ Sometimes software, like bootloaders, might need to
+ bypass this check.
+ If the file you receive the error for is firmware that
+ is not intended to be executed within the target
+ operating system or is intended to run on a separate
+ processor within the device, you can add "arch" to
+ <link linkend='var-INSANE_SKIP'><filename>INSANE_SKIP</filename></link>
+ for the package.
+ Another option is to check the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ log and verify that the compiler options being used are
+ correct.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-arch-endianness-no-match'>
+ <code>
+ Endianness did not match (<machine_endianness> to <file_endianness>) on <file> [arch]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system checks
+ the Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) type, bit
+ size, and endianness of any binaries to ensure they
+ match the target architecture.
+ This test fails if any binaries do not match the type since
+ there would be an incompatibility.
+ The test could indicate that the wrong compiler or compiler
+ options have been used.
+ Sometimes software, like bootloaders, might need to
+ bypass this check.
+ If the file you receive the error for is firmware
+ that is not intended to be executed within the target
+ operating system or is intended to run on a separate
+ processor within the device, you can add "arch" to
+ <link linkend='var-INSANE_SKIP'><filename>INSANE_SKIP</filename></link>
+ for the package.
+ Another option is to check the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ log and verify that the compiler options being used
+ are correct.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-textrel'>
+ <code>
+ ELF binary '<file>' has relocations in .text [textrel]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specified ELF binary contains relocations in its
+ <filename>.text</filename> sections.
+ This situation can result in a performance impact
+ at runtime.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Typically, the way to solve this performance issue is to
+ add "-fPIC" or "-fpic" to the compiler command-line
+ options.
+ For example, given software that reads
+ <link linkend='var-CFLAGS'><filename>CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when you build it, you could add the following to your
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ CFLAGS_append = " -fPIC "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on text relocations at runtime, see
+ <ulink url='http://www.akkadia.org/drepper/textrelocs.html'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-ldflags'>
+ <code>
+ No GNU_HASH in the elf binary: '<file>' [ldflags]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This indicates that binaries produced when building the
+ recipe have not been linked with the
+ <link linkend='var-LDFLAGS'><filename>LDFLAGS</filename></link>
+ options provided by the build system.
+ Check to be sure that the <filename>LDFLAGS</filename>
+ variable is being passed to the linker command.
+ A common workaround for this situation is to pass in
+ <filename>LDFLAGS</filename> using
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_CC_ARCH'><filename>TARGET_CC_ARCH</filename></link>
+ within the recipe as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TARGET_CC_ARCH += "${LDFLAGS}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-xorg-driver-abi'>
+ <code>
+ Package <packagename> contains Xorg driver (<driver>) but no xorg-abi- dependencies [xorg-driver-abi]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specified package contains an Xorg driver, but does not
+ have a corresponding ABI package dependency.
+ The xserver-xorg recipe provides driver ABI names.
+ All drivers should depend on the ABI versions that they have
+ been built against.
+ Driver recipes that include
+ <filename>xorg-driver-input.inc</filename> or
+ <filename>xorg-driver-video.inc</filename> will
+ automatically get these versions.
+ Consequently, you should only need to explicitly add
+ dependencies to binary driver recipes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-infodir'>
+ <code>
+ The /usr/share/info/dir file is not meant to be shipped in a particular package. [infodir]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>/usr/share/info/dir</filename> should not be
+ packaged.
+ Add the following line to your
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task or to your <filename>do_install_append</filename>
+ within the recipe as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ rm ${D}${infodir}/dir
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-symlink-to-sysroot'>
+ <code>
+ Symlink <path> in <packagename> points to TMPDIR [symlink-to-sysroot]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specified symlink points into
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ on the host.
+ Such symlinks will work on the host.
+ However, they are clearly invalid when running on
+ the target.
+ You should either correct the symlink to use a relative
+ path or remove the symlink.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-la'>
+ <code>
+ <file> failed sanity test (workdir) in path <path> [la]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specified <filename>.la</filename> file contains
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ paths.
+ Any <filename>.la</filename> file containing these paths
+ is incorrect since <filename>libtool</filename> adds the
+ correct sysroot prefix when using the files automatically
+ itself.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-pkgconfig'>
+ <code>
+ <file> failed sanity test (tmpdir) in path <path> [pkgconfig]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specified <filename>.pc</filename> file contains
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link><filename>/</filename><link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link>
+ paths.
+ Any <filename>.pc</filename> file containing these paths is
+ incorrect since <filename>pkg-config</filename> itself adds
+ the correct sysroot prefix when the files are accessed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-debug-deps'>
+ <code>
+ <packagename> rdepends on <debug_packagename> [debug-deps]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A dependency exists between the specified non-dbg package
+ (i.e. a package whose name does not end in
+ <filename>-dbg</filename>) and a package that is a
+ <filename>dbg</filename> package.
+ The <filename>dbg</filename> packages contain
+ debug symbols and are brought in using several
+ different methods:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Using the <filename>dbg-pkgs</filename>
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ value.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Using
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename></link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ As a dependency of another
+ <filename>dbg</filename> package that was brought
+ in using one of the above methods.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ The dependency might have been automatically added
+ because the <filename>dbg</filename> package erroneously
+ contains files that it should not contain (e.g. a
+ non-symlink <filename>.so</filename> file) or it might
+ have been added manually (e.g. by adding to
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-dev-deps'>
+ <code>
+ <packagename> rdepends on <dev_packagename> [dev-deps]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A dependency exists between the specified non-dev package
+ (a package whose name does not end in
+ <filename>-dev</filename>) and a package that is a
+ <filename>dev</filename> package.
+ The <filename>dev</filename> packages contain development
+ headers and are usually brought in using several different
+ methods:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Using the <filename>dev-pkgs</filename>
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ value.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Using
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename></link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ As a dependency of another
+ <filename>dev</filename> package that was brought
+ in using one of the above methods.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ The dependency might have been automatically added (because
+ the <filename>dev</filename> package erroneously contains
+ files that it should not have (e.g. a non-symlink
+ <filename>.so</filename> file) or it might have been added
+ manually (e.g. by adding to
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-dep-cmp'>
+ <code>
+ <var>_<packagename> is invalid: <comparison> (<value>) only comparisons <, =, >, <=, and >= are allowed [dep-cmp]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are adding a versioned dependency relationship to one
+ of the dependency variables
+ (<link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RSUGGESTS'><filename>RSUGGESTS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RPROVIDES'><filename>RPROVIDES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RREPLACES'><filename>RREPLACES</filename></link>,
+ or
+ <link linkend='var-RCONFLICTS'><filename>RCONFLICTS</filename></link>),
+ you must only use the named comparison operators.
+ Change the versioned dependency values you are adding
+ to match those listed in the message.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-compile-host-path'>
+ <code>
+ <recipename>: The compile log indicates that host include and/or library paths were used. Please check the log '<logfile>' for more information. [compile-host-path]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The log for the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ task indicates that paths on the host were searched
+ for files, which is not appropriate when cross-compiling.
+ Look for "is unsafe for cross-compilation" or "CROSS COMPILE
+ Badness" in the specified log file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-install-host-path'>
+ <code>
+ <recipename>: The install log indicates that host include and/or library paths were used. Please check the log '<logfile>' for more information. [install-host-path]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The log for the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task indicates that paths on the host were searched
+ for files, which is not appropriate when cross-compiling.
+ Look for "is unsafe for cross-compilation"
+ or "CROSS COMPILE Badness" in the specified log file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-autoconf-log'>
+ <code>
+ This autoconf log indicates errors, it looked at host include and/or library paths while determining system capabilities. Rerun configure task after fixing this. The path was '<path>'
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The log for the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ task indicates that paths on the host were searched
+ for files, which is not appropriate when cross-compiling.
+ Look for "is unsafe for cross-compilation" or
+ "CROSS COMPILE Badness" in the specified log file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-pkgname'>
+ <code>
+ <packagename> doesn't match the [a-z0-9.+-]+ regex [pkgname]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The convention within the OpenEmbedded build system
+ (sometimes enforced by the package manager itself) is to
+ require that package names are all lower case
+ and to allow a restricted set of characters.
+ If your recipe name does not match this, or you add
+ packages to
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></link>
+ that do not conform to the convention, then you
+ will receive this error.
+ Rename your recipe.
+ Or, if you have added a non-conforming package name to
+ <filename>PACKAGES</filename>, change the package name
+ appropriately.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-unknown-configure-option'>
+ <code>
+ <recipe>: configure was passed unrecognized options: <options> [unknown-configure-option]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The configure script is reporting that the specified
+ options are unrecognized.
+ This situation could be because the options
+ were previously valid but have been removed from the
+ configure script.
+ Or, there was a mistake when the options were added
+ and there is another option that should be used instead.
+ If you are unsure, consult the upstream build
+ documentation, the
+ <filename>./configure --help</filename> output,
+ and the upstream change log or release notes.
+ Once you have worked out what the appropriate
+ change is, you can update
+ <link linkend='var-EXTRA_OECONF'><filename>EXTRA_OECONF</filename></link>
+ or the individual
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGECONFIG'><filename>PACKAGECONFIG</filename></link>
+ option values accordingly.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-pn-overrides'>
+ <code>
+ Recipe <recipefile> has PN of "<recipename>" which is in OVERRIDES, this can result in unexpected behavior. [pn-overrides]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The specified recipe has a name
+ (<link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link>)
+ value that appears in
+ <link linkend='var-OVERRIDES'><filename>OVERRIDES</filename></link>.
+ If a recipe is named such that its <filename>PN</filename>
+ value matches something already in
+ <filename>OVERRIDES</filename> (e.g. <filename>PN</filename>
+ happens to be the same as
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO'><filename>DISTRO</filename></link>),
+ it can have unexpected consequences.
+ For example, assignments such as
+ <filename>FILES_${PN} = "xyz"</filename> effectively
+ turn into <filename>FILES = "xyz"</filename>.
+ Rename your recipe (or if <filename>PN</filename> is being
+ set explicitly, change the <filename>PN</filename> value) so
+ that the conflict does not occur.
+ See
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>
+ for additional information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-pkgvarcheck'>
+ <code>
+ <recipefile>: Variable <variable> is set as not being package specific, please fix this. [pkgvarcheck]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Certain variables
+ (<link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RSUGGESTS'><filename>RSUGGESTS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RCONFLICTS'><filename>RCONFLICTS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RPROVIDES'><filename>RPROVIDES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RREPLACES'><filename>RREPLACES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>,
+ <filename>pkg_preinst</filename>,
+ <filename>pkg_postinst</filename>,
+ <filename>pkg_prerm</filename>,
+ <filename>pkg_postrm</filename>, and
+ <link linkend='var-ALLOW_EMPTY'><filename>ALLOW_EMPTY</filename></link>)
+ should always be set specific to a package (i.e. they
+ should be set with a package name override such as
+ <filename>RDEPENDS_${PN} = "value"</filename> rather than
+ <filename>RDEPENDS = "value"</filename>).
+ If you receive this error, correct any assignments to these
+ variables within your recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-already-stripped'>
+ <code>
+ File '<file>' from <recipename> was already stripped, this will prevent future debugging! [already-stripped]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Produced binaries have already been stripped prior to the
+ build system extracting debug symbols.
+ It is common for upstream software projects to default to
+ stripping debug symbols for output binaries.
+ In order for debugging to work on the target using
+ <filename>-dbg</filename> packages, this stripping must be
+ disabled.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Depending on the build system used by the software being
+ built, disabling this stripping could be as easy as
+ specifying an additional configure option.
+ If not, disabling stripping might involve patching
+ the build scripts.
+ In the latter case, look for references to "strip" or
+ "STRIP", or the "-s" or "-S" command-line options being
+ specified on the linker command line (possibly
+ through the compiler command line if preceded with "-Wl,").
+ <note>
+ Disabling stripping here does not mean that the final
+ packaged binaries will be unstripped.
+ Once the OpenEmbedded build system splits out debug
+ symbols to the <filename>-dbg</filename> package,
+ it will then strip the symbols from the binaries.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-packages-list'>
+ <code>
+ <packagename> is listed in PACKAGES multiple times, this leads to packaging errors. [packages-list]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Package names must appear only once in the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ You might receive this error if you are attempting to add a
+ package to <filename>PACKAGES</filename> that is
+ already in the variable's value.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-files-invalid'>
+ <code>
+ FILES variable for package <packagename> contains '//' which is invalid. Attempting to fix this but you should correct the metadata. [files-invalid]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The string "//" is invalid in a Unix path.
+ Correct all occurrences where this string appears in a
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>
+ variable so that there is only a single "/".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-installed-vs-shipped'>
+ <code>
+ <recipename>: Files/directories were installed but not shipped [installed-vs-shipped]
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Files have been installed within the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task but have not been included in any package by way of the
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ Files that do not appear in any package cannot be present in
+ an image later on in the build process.
+ You need to do one of the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Add the files to <filename>FILES</filename> for the
+ package you want them to appear in (e.g.
+ <filename>FILES_${</filename><link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link><filename>}</filename> for the main
+ package).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Delete the files at the end of the
+ <filename>do_install</filename> task if the files
+ are not needed in any package.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para id='qa-issue-old-and-new-package-and-version-names'>
+ <code>
+ <oldpackage>-<oldpkgversion> was registered as shlib provider for <library>, changing it to <newpackage>-<newpkgversion> because it was built later
+ </code>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This message means that both
+ <filename><oldpackage></filename> and
+ <filename><newpackage></filename> provide the specified
+ shared library.
+ You can expect this message when a recipe has been renamed.
+ However, if that is not the case, the message might indicate
+ that a private version of a library is being erroneously
+ picked up as the provider for a common library.
+ If that is the case, you should add the library's
+ <filename>.so</filename> file name to
+ <link linkend='var-PRIVATE_LIBS'><filename>PRIVATE_LIBS</filename></link>
+ in the recipe that provides
+ the private version of the library.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+<!--
+Here are some messages that might be documented in the future.
+Right now we are not documenting them because the QA checks are not
+enabled by default:
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Desktop file issue: <error> [desktop]
+ </literallayout>
+ NEED A DESCRIPTION AND SOLUTION
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <packagename>: <file>, installed in the base_prefix, requires a shared library under exec_prefix (<exec_prefix&t;g) [unsafe-references-in-binaries]
+ </literallayout>
+ NEED A DESCRIPTION AND SOLUTION
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <packagename>: Found a reference to <exec_prefix>/ in <path> - Shell scripts in base_bindir and base_sbindir should not reference anything in exec_prefix [unsafe-references-in-scripts]
+ </literallayout>
+ NEED A DESCRIPTION AND SOLUTION
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+-->
+</section>
+
+<section id='configuring-and-disabling-qa-checks'>
+ <title>Configuring and Disabling QA Checks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can configure the QA checks globally so that specific check
+ failures either raise a warning or an error message, using the
+ <link linkend='var-WARN_QA'><filename>WARN_QA</filename></link> and
+ <link linkend='var-ERROR_QA'><filename>ERROR_QA</filename></link>
+ variables, respectively.
+ You can also disable checks within a particular recipe using
+ <link linkend='var-INSANE_SKIP'><filename>INSANE_SKIP</filename></link>.
+ For information on how to work with the QA checks, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ <note><title>Tip</title>
+ Please keep in mind that the QA checks exist in order to
+ detect real or potential problems in the packaged output.
+ So exercise caution when disabling these checks.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+</section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-structure.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-structure.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48e3921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-structure.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1153 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='ref-structure'>
+
+<title>Source Directory Structure</title>
+
+<para>
+ The <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink> consists of several components.
+ Understanding them and knowing where they are located is key to using the Yocto Project well.
+ This chapter describes the Source Directory and gives information about the various
+ files and directories.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+ For information on how to establish a local Source Directory on your development system, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#getting-setup'>Getting Set Up</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+</para>
+
+<note>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system does not support file or directory names that
+ contain spaces.
+ Be sure that the Source Directory you use does not contain these types
+ of names.
+</note>
+
+<section id='structure-core'>
+ <title>Top-Level Core Components</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes the top-level components of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='structure-core-bitbake'>
+ <title><filename>bitbake/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory includes a copy of BitBake for ease of use.
+ The copy usually matches the current stable BitBake release from
+ the BitBake project.
+ BitBake, a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ interpreter, reads the Yocto Project Metadata and runs the tasks
+ defined by that data.
+ Failures are usually from the Metadata and not from BitBake itself.
+ Consequently, most users do not need to worry about BitBake.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you run the <filename>bitbake</filename> command, the
+ main BitBake executable, which resides in the
+ <filename>bitbake/bin/</filename> directory, starts.
+ Sourcing an environment setup script (e.g.
+ <link linkend="structure-core-script"><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend="structure-memres-core-script"><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>)
+ places the <filename>scripts</filename> and
+ <filename>bitbake/bin</filename> directories (in that order) into
+ the shell's <filename>PATH</filename> environment variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on BitBake, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-core-build'>
+ <title><filename>build/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains user configuration files and the output
+ generated by the OpenEmbedded build system in its standard configuration where
+ the source tree is combined with the output.
+ The <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ is created initially when you <filename>source</filename>
+ the OpenEmbedded build environment setup script
+ (i.e.
+ <link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is also possible to place output and configuration
+ files in a directory separate from the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ by providing a directory name when you <filename>source</filename>
+ the setup script.
+ For information on separating output from your local
+ Source Directory files, see the
+ "<link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ and
+ "<link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>"
+ sections.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='handbook'>
+ <title><filename>documentation/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory holds the source for the Yocto Project documentation
+ as well as templates and tools that allow you to generate PDF and HTML
+ versions of the manuals.
+ Each manual is contained in a sub-folder.
+ For example, the files for this manual reside in
+ the <filename>ref-manual/</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-core-meta'>
+ <title><filename>meta/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains the OpenEmbedded Core metadata.
+ The directory holds recipes, common classes, and machine
+ configuration for emulated targets (<filename>qemux86</filename>,
+ <filename>qemuarm</filename>, and so forth.)
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-core-meta-yocto'>
+ <title><filename>meta-yocto/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains the configuration for the Poky
+ reference distribution.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-core-meta-yocto-bsp'>
+ <title><filename>meta-yocto-bsp/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains the Yocto Project reference
+ hardware Board Support Packages (BSPs).
+ For more information on BSPs, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;'>Yocto Project Board Support
+ Package (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-selftest'>
+ <title><filename>meta-selftest/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory adds additional recipes and append files
+ used by the OpenEmbedded selftests to verify the behavior
+ of the build system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You do not have to add this layer to your
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file unless you want to run the
+ selftests.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-skeleton'>
+ <title><filename>meta-skeleton/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains template recipes for BSP and kernel development.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-core-scripts'>
+ <title><filename>scripts/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains various integration scripts that implement
+ extra functionality in the Yocto Project environment (e.g. QEMU scripts).
+ The <link linkend="structure-core-script"><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>
+ scripts append this directory to the shell's
+ <filename>PATH</filename> environment variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>scripts</filename> directory has useful scripts that assist in contributing
+ back to the Yocto Project, such as <filename>create-pull-request</filename> and
+ <filename>send-pull-request</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-core-script'>
+ <title><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This script is one of two scripts that set up the OpenEmbedded build
+ environment.
+ For information on the other script, see the
+ "<link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Running this script with the <filename>source</filename> command in
+ a shell makes changes to <filename>PATH</filename> and sets other
+ core BitBake variables based on the current working directory.
+ You need to run an environment setup script before running BitBake
+ commands.
+ The script uses other scripts within the
+ <filename>scripts</filename> directory to do the bulk of the work.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you run this script, your Yocto Project environment is set
+ up, a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ is created, your working directory becomes the Build Directory,
+ and you are presented with a list of common BitBake targets.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source oe-init-build-env
+
+ ### Shell environment set up for builds. ###
+
+ You can now run 'bitbake <target>'
+
+ Common targets are:
+ core-image-minimal
+ core-image-sato
+ meta-toolchain
+ adt-installer
+ meta-ide-support
+
+ You can also run generated qemu images with a command like 'runqemu qemux86'
+ </literallayout>
+ The script gets its default list of common targets from the
+ <filename>conf-notes.txt</filename> file, which is found in the
+ <filename>meta-yocto</filename> directory within the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ Should you have custom distributions, it is very easy to modify
+ this configuration file to include your targets for your
+ distribution.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-a-custom-template-configuration-directory'>Creating a Custom Template Configuration Directory</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for more
+ information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, running this script without a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ argument creates the <filename>build</filename> directory
+ in your current working directory.
+ If you provide a Build Directory argument when you
+ <filename>source</filename> the script, you direct the OpenEmbedded
+ build system to create a Build Directory of your choice.
+ For example, the following command creates a Build Directory named
+ <filename>mybuilds</filename> that is outside of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source &OE_INIT_FILE; ~/mybuilds
+ </literallayout>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses the template configuration
+ files, which are found by default in the
+ <filename>meta-yocto/conf</filename> directory in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-a-custom-template-configuration-directory'>Creating a Custom Template Configuration Directory</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for more
+ information.
+ <note>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system does not support file or directory names that
+ contain spaces.
+ If you attempt to run the <filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename> script
+ from a Source Directory that contains spaces in either the filenames
+ or directory names, the script returns an error indicating no such
+ file or directory.
+ Be sure to use a Source Directory free of names containing spaces.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-memres-core-script'>
+ <title><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This script is one of two scripts that set up the OpenEmbedded
+ build environment.
+ Aside from setting up the environment, this script starts a
+ memory-resident BitBake server.
+ For information on the other setup script, see the
+ "<link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Memory-resident BitBake resides in memory until you specifically
+ remove it using the following BitBake command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -m
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Running this script with the <filename>source</filename> command in
+ a shell makes changes to <filename>PATH</filename> and sets other
+ core BitBake variables based on the current working directory.
+ One of these variables is the
+ <link linkend='var-BBSERVER'><filename>BBSERVER</filename></link>
+ variable, which allows the OpenEmbedded build system to locate
+ the server that is running BitBake.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You need to run an environment setup script before using BitBake
+ commands.
+ Following is the script syntax:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source oe-init-build-env-memres <replaceable>port_number</replaceable> <replaceable>build_dir</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ Following are some considerations when sourcing this script:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The script uses other scripts within the
+ <filename>scripts</filename> directory to do the bulk of
+ the work.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ If you do not provide a port number with the script, the
+ BitBake server starts at a randomly selected port.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The script's parameters are positionally dependent.
+ Consequently, you cannot run the script and provide a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ name without also providing a port number.
+ In other words, the following syntax is illegal:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source oe-initbuild-env-memres <replaceable>build_dir</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ The previous restriction might be resolved in the
+ future.
+ See
+ <ulink url='https://bugzilla.yoctoproject.org/show_bug.cgi?id=7555'>Bug 7555</ulink>
+ for more information.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you run this script, your Yocto Project environment is set
+ up, a Build Directory is created, your working directory becomes
+ the Build Directory, and you are presented with a list of common
+ BitBake targets.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source oe-init-build-env-memres
+ No port specified, using dynamically selected port
+
+ ### Shell environment set up for builds. ###
+
+ You can now run 'bitbake <target>'
+
+ Common targets are:
+ core-image-minimal
+ core-image-sato
+ meta-toolchain
+ adt-installer
+ meta-ide-support
+
+ You can also run generated qemu images with a command like 'runqemu qemux86'
+ Bitbake server address: 127.0.0.1, server port: 53995
+ Bitbake server started on demand as needed, use bitbake -m to shut it down
+ </literallayout>
+ The script gets its default list of common targets from the
+ <filename>conf-notes.txt</filename> file, which is found in the
+ <filename>meta-yocto</filename> directory within the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ Should you have custom distributions, it is very easy to modify
+ this configuration file to include your targets for your
+ distribution.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-a-custom-template-configuration-directory'>Creating a Custom Template Configuration Directory</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for more
+ information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, running this script without a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ argument creates a build directory named
+ <filename>build</filename>.
+ If you provide a Build Directory argument and port number when you
+ <filename>source</filename> the script, the Build Directory is
+ created using that name.
+ For example, the following command starts the BitBake server using
+ port 53995 and creates a Build Directory named
+ <filename>mybuilds</filename> that is outside of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source oe-init-build-env-memres 53995 ~/mybuilds
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename> script starts a
+ memory resident BitBake server.
+ This BitBake instance uses the
+ <filename>bitbake-cookerdaemon.log</filename> file, which is
+ located in the Build Directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses the template configuration
+ files, which are found by default in the
+ <filename>meta-yocto/conf</filename> directory in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-a-custom-template-configuration-directory'>Creating a Custom Template Configuration Directory</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for more
+ information.
+ <note>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system does not support file or
+ directory names that contain spaces.
+ If you attempt to run the
+ <filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename> script
+ from a Source Directory that contains spaces in either the
+ filenames or directory names, the script returns an error
+ indicating no such file or directory.
+ Be sure to use a Source Directory free of names containing
+ spaces.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-basic-top-level'>
+ <title><filename>LICENSE, README, and README.hardware</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ These files are standard top-level files.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='structure-build'>
+ <title>The Build Directory - <filename>build/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system creates the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ when you run one of the build environment setup scripts (i.e.
+ <link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not give the Build Directory a specific name when you run
+ a setup script, the name defaults to <filename>build</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-TOPDIR'><filename>TOPDIR</filename></link> variable
+ points to the Build Directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-buildhistory'>
+ <title><filename>build/buildhistory</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system creates this directory when you
+ enable the build history feature.
+ The directory tracks build information into image, packages, and
+ SDK subdirectories.
+ For information on the build history feature, see the
+ "<link linkend='maintaining-build-output-quality'>Maintaining Build Output Quality</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-conf-local.conf'>
+ <title><filename>build/conf/local.conf</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This configuration file contains all the local user configurations
+ for your build environment.
+ The <filename>local.conf</filename> file contains documentation on
+ the various configuration options.
+ Any variable set here overrides any variable set elsewhere within
+ the environment unless that variable is hard-coded within a file
+ (e.g. by using '=' instead of '?=').
+ Some variables are hard-coded for various reasons but these
+ variables are relatively rare.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Edit this file to set the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE'>MACHINE</link></filename>
+ for which you want to build, which package types you wish to use
+ (<link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>),
+ and the location from which you want to access downloaded files
+ (<filename><link linkend='var-DL_DIR'>DL_DIR</link></filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If <filename>local.conf</filename> is not present when you
+ start the build, the OpenEmbedded build system creates it from
+ <filename>local.conf.sample</filename> when
+ you <filename>source</filename> the top-level build environment
+ setup script (i.e.
+ <link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The source <filename>local.conf.sample</filename> file used
+ depends on the <filename>$TEMPLATECONF</filename> script variable,
+ which defaults to <filename>meta-yocto/conf</filename>
+ when you are building from the Yocto Project development
+ environment and defaults to <filename>meta/conf</filename> when
+ you are building from the OpenEmbedded Core environment.
+ Because the script variable points to the source of the
+ <filename>local.conf.sample</filename> file, this implies that
+ you can configure your build environment from any layer by setting
+ the variable in the top-level build environment setup script as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEMPLATECONF=<replaceable>your_layer</replaceable>/conf
+ </literallayout>
+ Once the build process gets the sample file, it uses
+ <filename>sed</filename> to substitute final
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-OEROOT'><filename>OEROOT</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ values for all <filename>##OEROOT##</filename> values.
+ <note>
+ You can see how the <filename>TEMPLATECONF</filename> variable
+ is used by looking at the
+ <filename>scripts/oe-setup-builddir</filename> script in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ You can find the Yocto Project version of the
+ <filename>local.conf.sample</filename> file in the
+ <filename>meta-yocto/conf</filename> directory.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-conf-bblayers.conf'>
+ <title><filename>build/conf/bblayers.conf</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This configuration file defines
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers'>layers</ulink>,
+ which are directory trees, traversed (or walked) by BitBake.
+ The <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file uses the
+ <link linkend='var-BBLAYERS'><filename>BBLAYERS</filename></link>
+ variable to list the layers BitBake tries to find.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> is not present when you
+ start the build, the OpenEmbedded build system creates it from
+ <filename>bblayers.conf.sample</filename> when
+ you <filename>source</filename> the top-level build environment
+ setup script (i.e.
+ <link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The source <filename>bblayers.conf.sample</filename> file used
+ depends on the <filename>$TEMPLATECONF</filename> script variable,
+ which defaults to <filename>meta-yocto/conf</filename>
+ when you are building from the Yocto Project development
+ environment and defaults to <filename>meta/conf</filename> when
+ you are building from the OpenEmbedded Core environment.
+ Because the script variable points to the source of the
+ <filename>bblayers.conf.sample</filename> file, this implies that
+ you can base your build from any layer by setting the variable in
+ the top-level build environment setup script as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEMPLATECONF=<replaceable>your_layer</replaceable>/conf
+ </literallayout>
+ Once the build process gets the sample file, it uses
+ <filename>sed</filename> to substitute final
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-OEROOT'><filename>OEROOT</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ values for all <filename>##OEROOT##</filename> values.
+ <note>
+ You can see how the <filename>TEMPLATECONF</filename> variable
+ <filename>scripts/oe-setup-builddir</filename> script in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ You can find the Yocto Project version of the
+ <filename>bblayers.conf.sample</filename> file in the
+ <filename>meta-yocto/conf</filename> directory.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-conf-sanity_info'>
+ <title><filename>build/conf/sanity_info</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This file indicates the state of the sanity checks and is created
+ during the build.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-downloads'>
+ <title><filename>build/downloads/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains downloaded upstream source tarballs.
+ You can reuse the directory for multiple builds or move
+ the directory to another location.
+ You can control the location of this directory through the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DL_DIR'>DL_DIR</link></filename> variable.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-sstate-cache'>
+ <title><filename>build/sstate-cache/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains the shared state cache.
+ You can reuse the directory for multiple builds or move
+ the directory to another location.
+ You can control the location of this directory through the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-SSTATE_DIR'>SSTATE_DIR</link></filename> variable.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system creates and uses this directory
+ for all the build system's output.
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ variable points to this directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake creates this directory if it does not exist.
+ As a last resort, to clean up a build and start it from scratch
+ (other than the downloads), you can remove everything in the
+ <filename>tmp</filename> directory or get rid of the
+ directory completely.
+ If you do, you should also completely remove the
+ <filename>build/sstate-cache</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-buildstats'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/buildstats/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory stores the build statistics.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-cache'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/cache/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ When BitBake parses the metadata, it creates a cache file of the result that can
+ be used when subsequently running commands.
+ BitBake stores these results here on a per-machine basis.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-deploy'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/deploy/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains any "end result" output from the
+ OpenEmbedded build process.
+ The <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR</filename></link>
+ variable points to this directory.
+ For more detail on the contents of the <filename>deploy</filename>
+ directory, see the
+ "<link linkend='images-dev-environment'>Images</link>" and
+ "<link linkend='sdk-dev-environment'>Application Development SDK</link>"
+ sections.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-deploy-deb'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/deploy/deb/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory receives any <filename>.deb</filename> packages produced by
+ the build process.
+ The packages are sorted into feeds for different architecture types.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-deploy-rpm'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/deploy/rpm/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory receives any <filename>.rpm</filename> packages produced by
+ the build process.
+ The packages are sorted into feeds for different architecture types.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-deploy-ipk'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/deploy/ipk/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory receives <filename>.ipk</filename> packages produced by
+ the build process.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-deploy-licenses'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/deploy/licenses/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory receives package licensing information.
+ For example, the directory contains sub-directories for <filename>bash</filename>,
+ <filename>busybox</filename>, and <filename>glibc</filename> (among others) that in turn
+ contain appropriate <filename>COPYING</filename> license files with other licensing information.
+ For information on licensing, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#maintaining-open-source-license-compliance-during-your-products-lifecycle'>Maintaining Open Source License Compliance During Your Product's Lifecycle</ulink>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-deploy-images'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/deploy/images/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory receives complete filesystem images.
+ If you want to flash the resulting image from a build onto a device, look here for the image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Be careful when deleting files in this directory.
+ You can safely delete old images from this directory (e.g.
+ <filename>core-image-*</filename>, <filename>hob-image-*</filename>,
+ etc.).
+ However, the kernel (<filename>*zImage*</filename>, <filename>*uImage*</filename>, etc.),
+ bootloader and other supplementary files might be deployed here prior to building an
+ image.
+ Because these files are not directly produced from the image, if you
+ delete them they will not be automatically re-created when you build the image again.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do accidentally delete files here, you will need to force them to be
+ re-created.
+ In order to do that, you will need to know the target that produced them.
+ For example, these commands rebuild and re-create the kernel files:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -c clean virtual/kernel
+ $ bitbake virtual/kernel
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-deploy-sdk'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/deploy/sdk/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system creates this directory to hold
+ toolchain installer scripts, which when executed, install the
+ sysroot that matches your target hardware.
+ You can find out more about these installers in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#optionally-building-a-toolchain-installer'>Optionally Building a Toolchain Installer</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-sstate-control'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/sstate-control/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses this directory for the
+ shared state manifest files.
+ The shared state code uses these files to record the files
+ installed by each sstate task so that the files can be removed
+ when cleaning the recipe or when a newer version is about to
+ be installed.
+ The build system also uses the manifests to detect and produce
+ a warning when files from one task are overwriting those from
+ another.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-sysroots'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/sysroots/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains shared header files and libraries as well as other shared
+ data.
+ Packages that need to share output with other packages do so within this directory.
+ The directory is subdivided by architecture so multiple builds can run within
+ the one Build Directory.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-stamps'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/stamps/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory holds information that BitBake uses for accounting purposes
+ to track what tasks have run and when they have run.
+ The directory is sub-divided by architecture, package name, and
+ version.
+ Following is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ stamps/all-poky-linux/distcc-config/1.0-r0.do_build-2fdd....2do
+ </literallayout>
+ Although the files in the directory are empty of data,
+ BitBake uses the filenames and timestamps for tracking purposes.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-log'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/log/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains general logs that are not otherwise placed using the
+ package's <filename><link linkend='var-WORKDIR'>WORKDIR</link></filename>.
+ Examples of logs are the output from the
+ <filename>do_check_pkg</filename> or
+ <filename>do_distro_check</filename> tasks.
+ Running a build does not necessarily mean this directory is created.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-tmp-work'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/work/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains architecture-specific work sub-directories
+ for packages built by BitBake.
+ All tasks execute from the appropriate work directory.
+ For example, the source for a particular package is unpacked,
+ patched, configured and compiled all within its own work directory.
+ Within the work directory, organization is based on the package group
+ and version for which the source is being compiled
+ as defined by the
+ <link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is worth considering the structure of a typical work directory.
+ As an example, consider <filename>linux-yocto-kernel-3.0</filename>
+ on the machine <filename>qemux86</filename>
+ built within the Yocto Project.
+ For this package, a work directory of
+ <filename>tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/linux-yocto/3.0+git1+<.....></filename>,
+ referred to as the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-WORKDIR'>WORKDIR</link></filename>, is created.
+ Within this directory, the source is unpacked to
+ <filename>linux-qemux86-standard-build</filename> and then patched by Quilt.
+ (See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#using-a-quilt-workflow'>Using Quilt in Your Workflow</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for more information.)
+ Within the <filename>linux-qemux86-standard-build</filename> directory,
+ standard Quilt directories <filename>linux-3.0/patches</filename>
+ and <filename>linux-3.0/.pc</filename> are created,
+ and standard Quilt commands can be used.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ There are other directories generated within <filename>WORKDIR</filename>.
+ The most important directory is <filename>WORKDIR/temp/</filename>,
+ which has log files for each task (<filename>log.do_*.pid</filename>)
+ and contains the scripts BitBake runs for each task
+ (<filename>run.do_*.pid</filename>).
+ The <filename>WORKDIR/image/</filename> directory is where "make
+ install" places its output that is then split into sub-packages
+ within <filename>WORKDIR/packages-split/</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-build-work-shared'>
+ <title><filename>build/tmp/work-shared/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ For efficiency, the OpenEmbedded build system creates and uses
+ this directory to hold recipes that share a work directory with
+ other recipes.
+ In practice, this is only used for <filename>gcc</filename>
+ and its variants (e.g. <filename>gcc-cross</filename>,
+ <filename>libgcc</filename>, <filename>gcc-runtime</filename>,
+ and so forth).
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='structure-meta'>
+ <title>The Metadata - <filename>meta/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ As mentioned previously,
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink> is the core
+ of the Yocto Project.
+ Metadata has several important subdivisions:
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-classes'>
+ <title><filename>meta/classes/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains the <filename>*.bbclass</filename> files.
+ Class files are used to abstract common code so it can be reused by multiple
+ packages.
+ Every package inherits the <filename>base.bbclass</filename> file.
+ Examples of other important classes are <filename>autotools.bbclass</filename>, which
+ in theory allows any Autotool-enabled package to work with the Yocto Project with minimal effort.
+ Another example is <filename>kernel.bbclass</filename> that contains common code and functions
+ for working with the Linux kernel.
+ Functions like image generation or packaging also have their specific class files
+ such as <filename>image.bbclass</filename>, <filename>rootfs_*.bbclass</filename> and
+ <filename>package*.bbclass</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For reference information on classes, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes'>Classes</link>" chapter.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-conf'>
+ <title><filename>meta/conf/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains the core set of configuration files that start from
+ <filename>bitbake.conf</filename> and from which all other configuration
+ files are included.
+ See the include statements at the end of the
+ <filename>bitbake.conf</filename> file and you will note that even
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> is loaded from there.
+ While <filename>bitbake.conf</filename> sets up the defaults, you can often override
+ these by using the (<filename>local.conf</filename>) file, machine file or
+ the distribution configuration file.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-conf-machine'>
+ <title><filename>meta/conf/machine/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains all the machine configuration files.
+ If you set <filename>MACHINE = "qemux86"</filename>,
+ the OpenEmbedded build system looks for a <filename>qemux86.conf</filename> file in this
+ directory.
+ The <filename>include</filename> directory contains various data common to multiple machines.
+ If you want to add support for a new machine to the Yocto Project, look in this directory.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-conf-distro'>
+ <title><filename>meta/conf/distro/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The contents of this directory controls any distribution-specific
+ configurations.
+ For the Yocto Project, the <filename>defaultsetup.conf</filename> is the main file here.
+ This directory includes the versions and the
+ <filename>SRCDATE</filename> definitions for applications that are configured here.
+ An example of an alternative configuration might be <filename>poky-bleeding.conf</filename>.
+ Although this file mainly inherits its configuration from Poky.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-conf-machine-sdk'>
+ <title><filename>meta/conf/machine-sdk/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system searches this directory for
+ configuration files that correspond to the value of
+ <link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>.
+ By default, 32-bit and 64-bit x86 files ship with the Yocto
+ Project that support some SDK hosts.
+ However, it is possible to extend that support to other SDK hosts
+ by adding additional configuration files in this subdirectory
+ within another layer.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-files'>
+ <title><filename>meta/files/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains common license files and several text files
+ used by the build system.
+ The text files contain minimal device information and
+ lists of files and directories with known permissions.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-lib'>
+ <title><filename>meta/lib/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains OpenEmbedded Python library code
+ used during the build process.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-bsp'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-bsp/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains anything linking to specific hardware or hardware
+ configuration information such as "u-boot" and "grub".
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-connectivity'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-connectivity/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains libraries and applications related to communication with other devices.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-core'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-core/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains what is needed to build a basic working Linux image
+ including commonly used dependencies.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-devtools'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-devtools/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains tools that are primarily used by the build system.
+ The tools, however, can also be used on targets.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-extended'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-extended/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains non-essential applications that add features compared to the
+ alternatives in core.
+ You might need this directory for full tool functionality or for Linux Standard Base (LSB)
+ compliance.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-gnome'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-gnome/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains all things related to the GTK+ application framework.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-graphics'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-graphics/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains X and other graphically related system libraries
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-kernel'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-kernel/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains the kernel and generic applications and libraries that
+ have strong kernel dependencies.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-lsb4'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-lsb4/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains recipes specifically added to support
+ the Linux Standard Base (LSB) version 4.x.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-multimedia'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-multimedia/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains codecs and support utilities for audio, images and video.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-qt'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-qt/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains all things related to the Qt application framework.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-rt'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-rt/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains package and image recipes for using and testing
+ the <filename>PREEMPT_RT</filename> kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-sato'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-sato/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains the Sato demo/reference UI/UX and its associated applications
+ and configuration data.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-support'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes-support/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains recipes used by other recipes, but that are
+ not directly included in images (i.e. dependencies of other
+ recipes).
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-site'>
+ <title><filename>meta/site/</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This directory contains a list of cached results for various architectures.
+ Because certain "autoconf" test results cannot be determined when cross-compiling due to
+ the tests not able to run on a live system, the information in this directory is
+ passed to "autoconf" for the various architectures.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='structure-meta-recipes-txt'>
+ <title><filename>meta/recipes.txt</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ This file is a description of the contents of <filename>recipes-*</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-style.css b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ea8dac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,1028 @@
+/*
+ Generic XHTML / DocBook XHTML CSS Stylesheet.
+
+ Browser wrangling and typographic design by
+ Oyvind Kolas / pippin@gimp.org
+
+ Customised for Poky by
+ Matthew Allum / mallum@o-hand.com
+
+ Thanks to:
+ Liam R. E. Quin
+ William Skaggs
+ Jakub Steiner
+
+ Structure
+ ---------
+
+ The stylesheet is divided into the following sections:
+
+ Positioning
+ Margins, paddings, width, font-size, clearing.
+ Decorations
+ Borders, style
+ Colors
+ Colors
+ Graphics
+ Graphical backgrounds
+ Nasty IE tweaks
+ Workarounds needed to make it work in internet explorer,
+ currently makes the stylesheet non validating, but up until
+ this point it is validating.
+ Mozilla extensions
+ Transparency for footer
+ Rounded corners on boxes
+
+*/
+
+
+ /*************** /
+ / Positioning /
+/ ***************/
+
+body {
+ font-family: Verdana, Sans, sans-serif;
+
+ min-width: 640px;
+ width: 80%;
+ margin: 0em auto;
+ padding: 2em 5em 5em 5em;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h7 {
+ font-family: Arial, Sans;
+ color: #00557D;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+h1 {
+ font-size: 2em;
+ text-align: left;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ margin: 2em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ margin: 0.10em 0em 3.0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.8em;
+ padding-left: 20%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ margin: 2em 0em 0.66em 0em;
+ padding: 0.5em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.5em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h3.subtitle {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 142.14%;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 140%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 120%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h6 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.authorgroup {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ padding-top: 256px;
+ background-image: url("figures/poky-title.png");
+ background-position: left top;
+ margin-top: -256px;
+ padding-right: 50px;
+ margin-left: 0px;
+ text-align: right;
+ width: 740px;
+}
+
+h3.author {
+ margin: 0em 0me 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ color: #333;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.author tt.email {
+ font-size: 66%;
+}
+
+.titlepage hr {
+ width: 0em;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.revhistory {
+ padding-top: 2em;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.toc,
+.list-of-tables,
+.list-of-examples,
+.list-of-figures {
+ padding: 1.33em 0em 2.5em 0em;
+ color: #00557D;
+}
+
+.toc p,
+.list-of-tables p,
+.list-of-figures p,
+.list-of-examples p {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0.3em;
+ margin: 1.5em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc p b,
+.list-of-tables p b,
+.list-of-figures p b,
+.list-of-examples p b{
+ font-size: 100.0%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.toc dl,
+.list-of-tables dl,
+.list-of-figures dl,
+.list-of-examples dl {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc dt {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc dd {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 2.6em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+/* Use this set when you decide to get the images in for variables.
+
+div.glossary dl,
+div.variablelist dl {
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ width: 0em;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+.variablelist dl dt {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dd,
+.variablelist dl dd {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-left: 15.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 2em;
+}
+
+.glossary dd p,
+.variablelist dd p {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+.glossdeffirst {
+ text-indent: -70px;
+}
+*/
+
+/* Start of non-image set */
+
+div.glossary dl,
+div.variablelist dl {
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ width: 20em;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+.variablelist dl dt {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dd,
+.variablelist dl dd {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-left: 25.5em;
+}
+
+.glossary dd p,
+.variablelist dd p {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+.glossdeffirst {
+ text-indent: 0px;
+}
+
+/* End of non-image set */
+
+div.calloutlist table td {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+div.calloutlist table td p {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+div p.copyright {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+div.legalnotice p.legalnotice-title {
+ margin-bottom: 0em;
+}
+
+p {
+ line-height: 1.5em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+
+}
+
+dl {
+ padding-top: 0em;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border: solid 1px;
+}
+
+
+.mediaobject,
+.mediaobjectco {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+img {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+ul {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 1.5em;
+}
+
+ul li {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+ul li p {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+table {
+ width :100%;
+}
+
+th {
+ padding: 0.25em;
+ text-align: left;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+td {
+ padding: 0.25em;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+p a[id] {
+ margin: 0px;
+ padding: 0px;
+ display: inline;
+ background-image: none;
+}
+
+a {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+pre {
+ overflow: auto;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ /*font-weight: bold;*/
+}
+
+/* This style defines how the permalink character
+ appears by itself and when hovered over with
+ the mouse. */
+
+[alt='Permalink'] { color: #eee; }
+[alt='Permalink']:hover { color: black; }
+
+
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informalexample,
+div.informaltable,
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example {
+ margin: 1em 0em;
+ padding: 1em;
+ page-break-inside: avoid;
+}
+
+
+div.informalfigure p.title b,
+div.informalexample p.title b,
+div.informaltable p.title b,
+div.figure p.title b,
+div.example p.title b,
+div.table p.title b{
+ padding-top: 0em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+.mediaobject .caption,
+.mediaobject .caption p {
+ text-align: center;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+ padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.epigraph {
+ padding-left: 55%;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+.epigraph p {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.epigraph .quote {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+.epigraph .attribution {
+ font-style: normal;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+span.application {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.programlisting {
+ font-family: monospace;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ white-space: pre;
+ margin: 1.33em 0em;
+ padding: 1.33em;
+}
+
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ margin-top: 1em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+
+}
+
+/* force full width of table within div */
+.tip table,
+.warning table,
+.caution table,
+.note table {
+ border: none;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ padding: 0.8em 0.0em 0.0em 0.0em;
+ margin : 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.tip p,
+.warning p,
+.caution p,
+.note p {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+ padding-right: 1em;
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.acronym {
+ text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ padding: 0.09em 0.3em;
+ margin: 0em;
+}
+
+.itemizedlist li {
+ clear: none;
+}
+
+.filename {
+ font-size: medium;
+ font-family: Courier, monospace;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ position: absolute;
+ left: 0em;
+ top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+ background-color: #cdf;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ position: fixed;
+ left: 0em;
+ bottom: 0em;
+ background-color: #eee;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader td,
+div.navfooter td {
+ font-size: 66%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table th {
+ /*font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;*/
+ /*font-size: x-large;*/
+ font-size: 80%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-bottom: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a,
+div.navfooter table td a {
+ color: #777;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/* normal text in the footer */
+div.navfooter table td {
+ color: black;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a:visited,
+div.navfooter table td a:visited {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+
+/* links in header and footer */
+div.navheader table td a:hover,
+div.navfooter table td a:hover {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ background-color: transparent;
+ color: #33a;
+}
+
+div.navheader hr,
+div.navfooter hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+.qandaset tr.question td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.qandaset tr.answer td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+.answer td {
+ padding-bottom: 1.5em;
+}
+
+.emphasis {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+ /************* /
+ / decorations /
+/ *************/
+
+.titlepage {
+}
+
+.part .title {
+}
+
+.subtitle {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+/*
+h1 {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ border-top: solid 0.2em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ border-top: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ border: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+*/
+
+.programlisting {
+ border: solid 1px;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample,
+div.example {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ border-bottom: 1px solid;
+}
+
+.question td {
+ border-top: 1px solid black;
+}
+
+.answer {
+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ border-bottom: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ border-top: 1px solid;
+}
+
+ /********* /
+ / colors /
+/ *********/
+
+body {
+ color: #333;
+ background: white;
+}
+
+a {
+ background: transparent;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+ background-color: #dedede;
+}
+
+
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7,
+h8 {
+ background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+
+.tip, .warning, .caution, .note {
+ border-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ border-bottom-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.warning {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.caution {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.tip {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.note {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ color: #044;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+pre.programlisting {
+ color: black;
+ background-color: #fff;
+ border-color: #aaa;
+ border-width: 2px;
+}
+
+.guimenu,
+.guilabel,
+.guimenuitem {
+ background-color: #eee;
+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ background-color: #eee;
+ border-color: #999;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+ /*********** /
+ / graphics /
+/ ***********/
+
+/*
+body {
+ background-image: url("images/body_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.navheader,
+.note,
+.tip {
+ background-image: url("images/note_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.warning,
+.caution {
+ background-image: url("images/warning_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.figure,
+.informalfigure,
+.example,
+.informalexample,
+.table,
+.informaltable {
+ background-image: url("images/figure_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+*/
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7{
+}
+
+/*
+Example of how to stick an image as part of the title.
+
+div.article .titlepage .title
+{
+ background-image: url("figures/white-on-black.png");
+ background-position: center;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+}
+*/
+
+div.preface .titlepage .title,
+div.colophon .title,
+div.chapter .titlepage .title,
+div.article .titlepage .title
+{
+}
+
+div.section div.section .titlepage .title,
+div.sect2 .titlepage .title {
+ background: none;
+}
+
+
+h1.title {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-image: url("figures/poky-title.png");
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ height: 256px;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+ width: 0px;
+ display: none;
+}
+
+ /*************************************** /
+ / pippin.gimp.org specific alterations /
+/ ***************************************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ color: #777;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding: 0;
+ margin: 0;
+ text-align: left;
+ position: absolute;
+ top: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+ width: 100%;
+ height: 50px;
+ background: url('/gfx/heading_bg.png') transparent;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+ border: none;
+}
+
+div.heading a {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ border: none;
+ color: #ddd;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ text-align:right;
+
+ width: 100%;
+ padding-top: 10px;
+ position: absolute;
+ bottom: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+
+ background: url('/gfx/footing_bg.png') transparent;
+}
+*/
+
+
+
+ /****************** /
+ / nasty ie tweaks /
+/ ******************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+ margin-left:expression("-5em");
+}
+body {
+ padding:expression("4em 5em 0em 5em");
+}
+*/
+
+ /**************************************** /
+ / mozilla vendor specific css extensions /
+/ ****************************************/
+/*
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ -moz-opacity: 0.8em;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample,
+div.example,
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.5em;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.3em;
+}
+*/
+
+table tr td table tr td {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+table {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+
+ .photo {
+ float: right;
+ margin-left: 1.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ max-width: 17em;
+ border: 1px solid gray;
+ padding: 3px;
+ background: white;
+}
+ .seperator {
+ padding-top: 2em;
+ clear: both;
+ }
+
+ #validators {
+ margin-top: 5em;
+ text-align: right;
+ color: #777;
+ }
+ @media print {
+ body {
+ font-size: 8pt;
+ }
+ .noprint {
+ display: none;
+ }
+ }
+
+
+.tip,
+.note {
+ background: #f0f0f2;
+ color: #333;
+ padding: 20px;
+ margin: 20px;
+}
+
+.tip h3,
+.note h3 {
+ padding: 0em;
+ margin: 0em;
+ font-size: 2em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+.tip a,
+.note a {
+ color: #333;
+ text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.footnote {
+ font-size: small;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+/* Changes the announcement text */
+.tip h3,
+.warning h3,
+.caution h3,
+.note h3 {
+ font-size:large;
+ color: #00557D;
+}
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-tasks.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-tasks.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59b4d96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-tasks.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,711 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='ref-tasks'>
+<title>Tasks</title>
+
+<para>
+ Tasks are units of execution for BitBake.
+ Recipes (<filename>.bb</filename> files) use tasks to complete
+ configuring, compiling, and packaging software.
+ This chapter provides a reference of the tasks defined in the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+</para>
+
+<section id='normal-recipe-build-tasks'>
+ <title>Normal Recipe Build Tasks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following sections describe normal tasks associated with building
+ a recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-build'>
+ <title><filename>do_build</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The default task for all recipes.
+ This task depends on all other normal tasks
+ required to build a recipe.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-compile'>
+ <title><filename>do_compile</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Compiles the source in the compilation directory, which is pointed
+ to by the
+ <link linkend='var-B'><filename>B</filename></link> variable.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-compile_ptest_base'>
+ <title><filename>do_compile_ptest_base</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Compiles the runtime test suite included in the software being
+ built.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-configure'>
+ <title><filename>do_configure</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Configures the source by enabling and disabling any build-time and
+ configuration options for the software being built.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-configure_ptest_base'>
+ <title><filename>do_configure_ptest_base</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Configures the runtime test suite included in the software being
+ built.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-deploy'>
+ <title><filename>do_deploy</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Writes output files that are to be deployed to the deploy
+ directory, which is defined by the
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOYDIR'><filename>DEPLOYDIR</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>do_deploy</filename> task is a
+ shared state (sstate) task, which means that the task can
+ be accelerated through sstate use.
+ Realize also that if the task is re-executed, any previous output
+ is removed (i.e. "cleaned").
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-fetch'>
+ <title><filename>do_fetch</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Fetches the source code.
+ This task uses the
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>
+ variable and the argument's prefix to determine the correct
+ fetcher module.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-install'>
+ <title><filename>do_install</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Copies files from the compilation directory, which is defined by
+ the
+ <link linkend='var-B'><filename>B</filename></link> variable,
+ to a holding area defined by the
+ <link linkend='var-D'><filename>D</filename></link> variable.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-install_ptest_base'>
+ <title><filename>do_install_ptest_base</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Copies the runtime test suite files from the compilation directory
+ to a holding area.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-package'>
+ <title><filename>do_package</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Analyzes the content of the holding area and splits it into subsets
+ based on available packages and files.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-package_qa'>
+ <title><filename>do_package_qa</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Runs QA checks on packaged files.
+ For more information on these checks, see the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-package_write_deb'>
+ <title><filename>do_package_write_deb</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates Debian packages (i.e. <filename>*.deb</filename> files) and
+ places them in the
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_DEB'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_DEB</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ directory in the package feeds area.
+ For more information, see the
+ "<link linkend='package-feeds-dev-environment'>Package Feeds</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-package_write_ipk'>
+ <title><filename>do_package_write_ipk</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates IPK packages (i.e. <filename>*.ipk</filename> files) and
+ places them in the
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_IPK'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IPK</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ directory in the package feeds area.
+ For more information, see the
+ "<link linkend='package-feeds-dev-environment'>Package Feeds</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-package_write_rpm'>
+ <title><filename>do_package_write_rpm</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates RPM packages (i.e. <filename>*.rpm</filename> files) and
+ places them in the
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_RPM'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_RPM</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ directory in the package feeds area.
+ For more information, see the
+ "<link linkend='package-feeds-dev-environment'>Package Feeds</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-package_write_tar'>
+ <title><filename>do_package_write_tar</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates tarballs and places them in the
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_TAR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_TAR</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ directory in the package feeds area.
+ For more information, see the
+ "<link linkend='package-feeds-dev-environment'>Package Feeds</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-packagedata'>
+ <title><filename>do_packagedata</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates package metadata used by the build system to generate the
+ final packages.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-patch'>
+ <title><filename>do_patch</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Locates patch files and applies them to the source code.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='patching-dev-environment'>Patching</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-populate_lic'>
+ <title><filename>do_populate_lic</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Writes license information for the recipe that is collected later
+ when the image is constructed.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-populate_sdk'>
+ <title><filename>do_populate_sdk</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates the file and directory structure for an installable SDK.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='sdk-generation-dev-environment'>SDK Generation</link>"
+ section for more information.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-populate_sysroot'>
+ <title><filename>do_populate_sysroot</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Copies a subset of files installed by the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task into the sysroot in order to make them available to other
+ recipes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>do_populate_sysroot</filename> task is a
+ shared state (sstate) task, which means that the task can
+ be accelerated through sstate use.
+ Realize also that if the task is re-executed, any previous output
+ is removed (i.e. "cleaned").
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-rm_work'>
+ <title><filename>do_rm_work</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Removes work files after the OpenEmbedded build system has
+ finished with them.
+ You can learn more by looking at the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-rm-work'><filename>rm_work.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-rm_work_all'>
+ <title><filename>do_rm_work_all</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Top-level task for removing work files after the build system has
+ finished with them.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-unpack'>
+ <title><filename>do_unpack</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Unpacks the source code into a working directory pointed to
+ by
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link><filename>}</filename>.
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link> variable also
+ plays a role in where unpacked source files ultimately reside.
+ For more information on how source files are unpacked, see the
+ "<link linkend='source-fetching-dev-environment'>Source Fetching</link>"
+ section and the <filename>WORKDIR</filename> and
+ <filename>S</filename> variable descriptions.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='manually-called-tasks'>
+ <title>Manually Called Tasks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ These tasks are typically manually triggered (e.g. by using the
+ <filename>bitbake -c</filename> command-line option):
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-checkuri'>
+ <title><filename>do_checkuri</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Validates the
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>
+ value.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-checkuriall'>
+ <title><filename>do_checkuriall</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Validates the
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>
+ value for all recipes required to build a target.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-clean'>
+ <title><filename>do_clean</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Removes all output files for a target from the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-unpack'><filename>do_unpack</filename></link>
+ task forward (i.e.
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-patch'><filename>do_unpack</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package'><filename>do_package</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can run this task using BitBake as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -c clean <replaceable>recipe</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Running this task does not remove the
+ <link linkend='shared-state-cache'>sstate</link>) cache
+ files.
+ Consequently, if no changes have been made and the recipe is
+ rebuilt after cleaning, output files are simply restored from the
+ sstate cache.
+ If you want to remove the sstate cache files for the recipe,
+ you need to use the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-cleansstate'><filename>do_cleansstate</filename></link>
+ task instead (i.e. <filename>bitbake -c cleansstate</filename> <replaceable>recipe</replaceable>).
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-cleanall'>
+ <title><filename>do_cleanall</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Removes all output files, shared state
+ (<link linkend='shared-state-cache'>sstate</link>) cache, and
+ downloaded source files for a target (i.e. the contents of
+ <link linkend='var-DL_DIR'><filename>DL_DIR</filename></link>).
+ Essentially, the <filename>do_cleanall</filename> task is
+ identical to the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-cleansstate'><filename>do_cleansstate</filename></link>
+ task with the added removal of downloaded source files.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can run this task using BitBake as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -c cleanall <replaceable>recipe</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Typically, you would not normally use the
+ <filename>cleanall</filename> task.
+ Do so only if you want to start fresh with the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-fetch'><filename>do_fetch</filename></link>
+ task.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-cleansstate'>
+ <title><filename>do_cleansstate</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Removes all output files and shared state
+ (<link linkend='shared-state-cache'>sstate</link>)
+ cache for a target.
+ Essentially, the <filename>do_cleansstate</filename> task is
+ identical to the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-clean'><filename>do_clean</filename></link>
+ task with the added removal of shared state
+ (<link linkend='shared-state-cache'>sstate</link>) cache.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can run this task using BitBake as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -c cleansstate <replaceable>recipe</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you run the <filename>do_cleansstate</filename> task,
+ the OpenEmbedded build system no longer uses any
+ sstate.
+ Consequently, building the recipe from scratch is guaranteed.
+ <note>
+ The <filename>do_cleansstate</filename> task cannot remove
+ sstate from a remote sstate mirror.
+ If you need to build a target from scratch using remote
+ mirrors, use the "-f" option as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -f -c do_cleansstate <replaceable>target</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-devshell'>
+ <title><filename>do_devshell</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Starts a shell whose environment is set up for
+ development, debugging, or both.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#platdev-appdev-devshell'>Using a Development Shell</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for more
+ information about using <filename>devshell</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-fetchall'>
+ <title><filename>do_fetchall</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Fetches all remote sources required to build a target.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-listtasks'>
+ <title><filename>do_listtasks</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Lists all defined tasks for a target.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-package_index'>
+ <title><filename>do_package_index</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates or updates the index in the
+ <link linkend='package-feeds-dev-environment'>Package Feeds</link>
+ area.
+ <note>
+ This task is not triggered with the
+ <filename>bitbake -c</filename> command-line option as
+ are the other tasks in this section.
+ Because this task is specifically for the
+ <filename>package-index</filename> recipe,
+ you run it using
+ <filename>bitbake package-index</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='image-related-tasks'>
+ <title>Image-Related Tasks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following tasks are applicable to image recipes.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-bootimg'>
+ <title><filename>do_bootimg</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates a bootable live image.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>
+ variable for additional information on live image types.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-bundle_initramfs'>
+ <title><filename>do_bundle_initramfs</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Combines an initial RAM disk (initramfs) image and kernel
+ together to form a single image.
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE'><filename>CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE</filename></link>
+ variable has some more information about these types of images.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-rootfs'>
+ <title><filename>do_rootfs</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates the root filesystem (file and directory structure) for an
+ image.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='image-generation-dev-environment'>Image Generation</link>"
+ section for more information on how the root filesystem is created.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-testimage'>
+ <title><filename>do_testimage</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Boots an image and performs runtime tests within the image.
+ For information on automatically testing images, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#performing-automated-runtime-testing'>Performing Automated Runtime Testing</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-testimage_auto'>
+ <title><filename>do_testimage_auto</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Boots an image and performs runtime tests within the image
+ immediately after it has been built.
+ This task is enabled when you set
+ <link linkend='var-TEST_IMAGE'><filename>TEST_IMAGE</filename></link>
+ equal to "1".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on automatically testing images, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#performing-automated-runtime-testing'>Performing Automated Runtime Testing</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-vmdkimg'>
+ <title><filename>do_vmdkimg</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates a <filename>.vmdk</filename> image for use with
+ <ulink url='http://www.vmware.com/'>VMware</ulink>
+ and compatible virtual machine hosts.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='kernel-related-tasks'>
+ <title>Kernel-Related Tasks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following tasks are applicable to kernel recipes.
+ Some of these tasks (e.g. the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-menuconfig'><filename>do_menuconfig</filename></link>
+ task) are also applicable to recipes that use
+ Linux kernel style configuration such as the BusyBox recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-compile_kernelmodules'>
+ <title><filename>do_compile_kernelmodules</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Compiles loadable modules for the Linux kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-diffconfig'>
+ <title><filename>do_diffconfig</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Compares the old and new config files after running the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-menuconfig'><filename>do_menuconfig</filename></link>
+ task for the kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-kernel_checkout'>
+ <title><filename>do_kernel_checkout</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Checks out source/meta branches for a linux-yocto style kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-kernel_configcheck'>
+ <title><filename>do_kernel_configcheck</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Validates the kernel configuration for a linux-yocto style kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-kernel_configme'>
+ <title><filename>do_kernel_configme</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Assembles the kernel configuration for a linux-yocto style kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-kernel_link_vmlinux'>
+ <title><filename>do_kernel_link_vmlinux</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates a symbolic link in
+ <filename>arch/$arch/boot</filename> for vmlinux kernel
+ images.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-menuconfig'>
+ <title><filename>do_menuconfig</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Runs <filename>make menuconfig</filename> for the kernel.
+ For information on <filename>menuconfig</filename>, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#using-menuconfig'>Using <filename>menuconfig</filename></ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-savedefconfig'>
+ <title><filename>do_savedefconfig</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates a minimal Linux kernel configuration file.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-sizecheck'>
+ <title><filename>do_sizecheck</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Checks the size of the kernel image against
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_IMAGE_MAXSIZE'><filename>KERNEL_IMAGE_MAXSIZE</filename></link>
+ when set.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-strip'>
+ <title><filename>do_strip</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Strips unneeded sections out of the Linux kernel image.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-uboot_mkimage'>
+ <title><filename>do_uboot_mkimage</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Creates a uImage file from the kernel for the U-Boot bootloader.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-validate_branches'>
+ <title><filename>do_validate_branches</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Ensures that the source, metadata (or both) branches are on the
+ locations specified by their
+ <link linkend='var-SRCREV'><filename>SRCREV</filename></link>
+ values for a linux-yocto style kernel.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='miscellaneous-tasks'>
+ <title>Miscellaneous Tasks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following sections describe miscellaneous tasks.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-generate_qt_config_file'>
+ <title><filename>do_generate_qt_config_file</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Writes a <filename>qt.conf</filename> configuration
+ file used for building a Qt-based application.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-tasks-spdx'>
+ <title><filename>do_spdx</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ A build stage that takes the source code and scans it on a remote
+ FOSSOLOGY server in order to produce an SPDX document.
+ This task applies only to the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-spdx'><filename>spdx</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-variables.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-variables.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c4fc22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-variables.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,14096 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<!-- Dummy chapter -->
+<chapter id='ref-variables-glos'>
+
+<title>Variables Glossary</title>
+
+<para>
+ This chapter lists common variables used in the OpenEmbedded build system and gives an overview
+ of their function and contents.
+</para>
+
+<glossary id='ref-variables-glossary'>
+
+
+ <para>
+ <link linkend='var-ABIEXTENSION'>A</link>
+ <link linkend='var-B'>B</link>
+ <link linkend='var-CACHE'>C</link>
+ <link linkend='var-D'>D</link>
+ <link linkend='var-EFI_PROVIDER'>E</link>
+ <link linkend='var-FEATURE_PACKAGES'>F</link>
+ <link linkend='var-GDB'>G</link>
+ <link linkend='var-HOMEPAGE'>H</link>
+ <link linkend='var-ICECC_DISABLED'>I</link>
+<!-- <link linkend='var-glossary-j'>J</link> -->
+ <link linkend='var-KARCH'>K</link>
+ <link linkend='var-LABELS'>L</link>
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'>M</link>
+<!-- <link linkend='var-glossary-n'>N</link> -->
+ <link linkend='var-OBJCOPY'>O</link>
+ <link linkend='var-P'>P</link>
+ <link linkend='var-QMAKE_PROFILES'>Q</link>
+ <link linkend='var-RANLIB'>R</link>
+ <link linkend='var-S'>S</link>
+ <link linkend='var-T'>T</link>
+ <link linkend='var-UBOOT_CONFIG'>U</link>
+<!-- <link linkend='var-glossary-v'>V</link> -->
+ <link linkend='var-WARN_QA'>W</link>
+ <link linkend='var-XSERVER'>X</link>
+<!-- <link linkend='var-glossary-y'>Y</link> -->
+<!-- <link linkend='var-glossary-z'>Z</link>-->
+ </para>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-a'><title>A</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ABIEXTENSION'><glossterm>ABIEXTENSION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ABIEXTENSION[doc] = "Extension to the Application Binary Interface (ABI) field of the GNU canonical architecture name (e.g. "eabi")."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Extension to the Application Binary Interface (ABI)
+ field of the GNU canonical architecture name
+ (e.g. "eabi").
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ ABI extensions are set in the machine include files.
+ For example, the
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/arm/arch-arm.inc</filename>
+ file sets the following extension:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ABIEXTENSION = "eabi"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ALLOW_EMPTY'><glossterm>ALLOW_EMPTY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ALLOW_EMPTY[doc] = "Specifies if an output package should still be produced if it is empty."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies if an output package should still be produced if it is empty.
+ By default, BitBake does not produce empty packages.
+ This default behavior can cause issues when there is an
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link> or
+ some other hard runtime requirement on the existence of the package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Like all package-controlling variables, you must always use them in
+ conjunction with a package name override, as in:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ALLOW_EMPTY_${PN} = "1"
+ ALLOW_EMPTY_${PN}-dev = "1"
+ ALLOW_EMPTY_${PN}-staticdev = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ALTERNATIVE'><glossterm>ALTERNATIVE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ALTERNATIVE[doc] = "Lists commands in a package that need an alternative binary naming scheme."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists commands in a package that need an alternative
+ binary naming scheme.
+ Sometimes the same command is provided in multiple packages.
+ When this occurs, the OpenEmbedded build system needs to
+ use the alternatives system to create a different binary
+ naming scheme so the commands can co-exist.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use the variable, list out the package's commands
+ that also exist as part of another package.
+ For example, if the <filename>busybox</filename> package
+ has four commands that also exist as part of another
+ package, you identify them as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ALTERNATIVE_busybox = "sh sed test bracket"
+ </literallayout>
+ For more information on the alternatives system, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-update-alternatives'><filename>update-alternatives.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ALTERNATIVE_LINK_NAME'><glossterm>ALTERNATIVE_LINK_NAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ALTERNATIVE_LINK_NAME[doc] = "Used by the alternatives system to map duplicated commands to actual locations."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Used by the alternatives system to map duplicated commands
+ to actual locations.
+ For example, if the <filename>bracket</filename> command
+ provided by the <filename>busybox</filename> package is
+ duplicated through another package, you must use the
+ <filename>ALTERNATIVE_LINK_NAME</filename> variable to
+ specify the actual location:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ALTERNATIVE_LINK_NAME[bracket] = "/usr/bin/["
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In this example, the binary for the
+ <filename>bracket</filename> command (i.e.
+ <filename>[</filename>) from the
+ <filename>busybox</filename> package resides in
+ <filename>/usr/bin/</filename>.
+ <note>
+ If <filename>ALTERNATIVE_LINK_NAME</filename> is not
+ defined, it defaults to
+ <filename>${bindir}/<replaceable>name</replaceable></filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on the alternatives system, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-update-alternatives'><filename>update-alternatives.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ALTERNATIVE_PRIORITY'><glossterm>ALTERNATIVE_PRIORITY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ALTERNATIVE_PRIORITY[doc] = "Used by the alternatives system to create default priorities for duplicated commands."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Used by the alternatives system to create default
+ priorities for duplicated commands.
+ You can use the variable to create a single default
+ regardless of the command name or package, a default for
+ specific duplicated commands regardless of the package, or
+ a default for specific commands tied to particular packages.
+ Here are the available syntax forms:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ALTERNATIVE_PRIORITY = "<replaceable>priority</replaceable>"
+ ALTERNATIVE_PRIORITY[<replaceable>name</replaceable>] = "<replaceable>priority</replaceable>"
+ ALTERNATIVE_PRIORITY_<replaceable>pkg</replaceable>[<replaceable>name</replaceable>] = "<replaceable>priority</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on the alternatives system, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-update-alternatives'><filename>update-alternatives.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ALTERNATIVE_TARGET'><glossterm>ALTERNATIVE_TARGET</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ALTERNATIVE_TARGET[doc] = "Used by the alternatives system to create default link locations for duplicated commands."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Used by the alternatives system to create default link
+ locations for duplicated commands.
+ You can use the variable to create a single default
+ location for all duplicated commands regardless of the
+ command name or package, a default for
+ specific duplicated commands regardless of the package, or
+ a default for specific commands tied to particular packages.
+ Here are the available syntax forms:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ALTERNATIVE_TARGET = "<replaceable>target</replaceable>"
+ ALTERNATIVE_TARGET[<replaceable>name</replaceable>] = "<replaceable>target</replaceable>"
+ ALTERNATIVE_TARGET_<replaceable>pkg</replaceable>[<replaceable>name</replaceable>] = "<replaceable>target</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ If <filename>ALTERNATIVE_TARGET</filename> is not
+ defined, it inherits the value from the
+ <link linkend='var-ALTERNATIVE_LINK_NAME'><filename>ALTERNATIVE_LINK_NAME</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If <filename>ALTERNATIVE_LINK_NAME</filename> and
+ <filename>ALTERNATIVE_TARGET</filename> are the
+ same, the target for
+ <filename>ALTERNATIVE_TARGET</filename>
+ has "<filename>.{BPN}</filename>" appended to it.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, if the file referenced has not been
+ renamed, the alternatives system will rename it to
+ avoid the need to rename alternative files in the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task while
+ retaining support for the command if necessary.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on the alternatives system, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-update-alternatives'><filename>update-alternatives.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-APPEND'><glossterm>APPEND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ APPEND[doc] = "An override list of append strings for each LABEL."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ An override list of append strings for each
+ <link linkend='var-LABELS'><filename>LABEL</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-grub-efi'><filename>grub-efi</filename></link>
+ class for more information on how this variable is used.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-AR'><glossterm>AR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ AR[doc] = "Minimal command and arguments to run 'ar'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments used to run
+ <filename>ar</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ARCHIVER_MODE'><glossterm>ARCHIVER_MODE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ARCHIVER_MODE[doc] = "Controls archive creation used when releasing source files."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When used with the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-archiver'><filename>archiver</filename></link>
+ class, determines the type of information used to create
+ a released archive.
+ You can use this variable to create archives of patched
+ source, original source, configured source, and so forth
+ by employing the following variable flags (varflags):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ARCHIVER_MODE[src] = "original" # Uses original (unpacked) source
+ # files.
+
+ ARCHIVER_MODE[src] = "patched" # Uses patched source files. This is
+ # the default.
+
+ ARCHIVER_MODE[src] = "configured" # Uses configured source files.
+
+ ARCHIVER_MODE[diff] = "1" # Uses patches between do_unpack and
+ # do_patch.
+
+ ARCHIVER_MODE[diff-exclude] ?= "<replaceable>file</replaceable> <replaceable>file</replaceable> ..." # Lists files and directories to
+ # exclude from diff.
+
+ ARCHIVER_MODE[dumpdata] = "1" # Uses environment data.
+
+ ARCHIVER_MODE[recipe] = "1" # Uses recipe and include files.
+
+ ARCHIVER_MODE[srpm] = "1" # Uses RPM package files.
+ </literallayout>
+ For information on how the variable works, see the
+ <filename>meta/classes/archiver.bbclass</filename> file
+ in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-AS'><glossterm>AS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ AS[doc] = "Minimal command and arguments to run the assembler."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments used to run the
+ assembler.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ASSUME_PROVIDED'><glossterm>ASSUME_PROVIDED</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ASSUME_PROVIDED[doc] = "Lists recipe names (PN values) BitBake does not attempt to build."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists recipe names
+ (<link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link>
+ values) BitBake does not attempt to build.
+ Instead, BitBake assumes these recipes have already been
+ built.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In OpenEmbedded Core, <filename>ASSUME_PROVIDED</filename>
+ mostly specifies native tools that should not be built.
+ An example is <filename>git-native</filename>, which when
+ specified, allows for the Git binary from the host to be
+ used rather than building <filename>git-native</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ASSUME_SHLIBS'><glossterm>ASSUME_SHLIBS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ASSUME_SHLIBS[doc] = Provides additional shlibs provider mapping information, which adds to or overwrites the information provided automatically by the system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Provides additional <filename>shlibs</filename> provider
+ mapping information, which adds to or overwrites the
+ information provided automatically by the system.
+ Separate multiple entries using spaces.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As an example, use the following form to add an
+ <filename>shlib</filename> provider of
+ <replaceable>shlibname</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable>packagename</replaceable> with the optional
+ <replaceable>version</replaceable>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>shlibname:packagename</replaceable>[_<replaceable>version</replaceable>]
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example that adds a shared library named
+ <filename>libEGL.so.1</filename> as being provided by
+ the <filename>libegl-implementation</filename> package:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ASSUME_SHLIBS = "libEGL.so.1:libegl-implementation"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-AUTHOR'><glossterm>AUTHOR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ AUTHOR[doc] = "Email address used to contact the original author or authors in order to send patches and forward bugs."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The email address used to contact the original author
+ or authors in order to send patches and forward bugs.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-AUTO_LIBNAME_PKGS'><glossterm>AUTO_LIBNAME_PKGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ AUTO_LIBNAME_PKGS[doc] = "Specifies which packages should be checked for libraries and renamed according to Debian library package naming."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-debian'><filename>debian</filename></link>
+ class is inherited, which is the default behavior,
+ <filename>AUTO_LIBNAME_PKGS</filename> specifies which
+ packages should be checked for libraries and renamed
+ according to Debian library package naming.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value is "${PACKAGES}", which causes the
+ debian class to act on all packages that are
+ explicitly generated by the recipe.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-AUTO_SYSLINUXMENU'><glossterm>AUTO_SYSLINUXMENU</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ AUTO_SYSLINUXMENU[doc] = "Enables creating an automatic menu for the syslinux bootloader."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Enables creating an automatic menu for the syslinux
+ bootloader.
+ You must set this variable in your recipe.
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-syslinux'><filename>syslinux</filename></link>
+ class checks this variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-AUTOREV'><glossterm>AUTOREV</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ AUTOREV[doc] = "When SRCREV is set to the value of this variable, it specifies to use the latest source revision in the repository."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When
+ <filename><link linkend='var-SRCREV'>SRCREV</link></filename>
+ is set to the value of this variable, it specifies to use
+ the latest source revision in the repository.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRCREV = "${AUTOREV}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you use the previous statement to retrieve the latest
+ version of software, you need to be sure
+ <link linkend='var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></link>
+ contains
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-SRCPV'><filename>SRCPV</filename></link><filename>}</filename>.
+ For example, suppose you have a kernel recipe that
+ inherits the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-kernel'>kernel</link> class
+ and you use the previous statement.
+ In this example, <filename>${SRCPV}</filename> does not
+ automatically get into <filename>PV</filename>.
+ Consequently, you need to change <filename>PV</filename>
+ in your recipe so that it does contain
+ <filename>${SRCPV}</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-AVAILTUNES'><glossterm>AVAILTUNES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ AVAILTUNES[doc] = "The list of defined CPU and Application Binary Interface (ABI) tunings (i.e. "tunes") available for use by the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The list of defined CPU and Application Binary Interface
+ (ABI) tunings (i.e. "tunes") available for use by the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The list simply presents the tunes that are available.
+ Not all tunes may be compatible with a particular
+ machine configuration, or with each other in a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#combining-multiple-versions-library-files-into-one-image'>Multilib</ulink>
+ configuration.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To add a tune to the list, be sure to append it with
+ spaces using the "+=" BitBake operator.
+ Do not simply replace the list by using the "=" operator.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#basic-syntax'>Basic Syntax</ulink>"
+ section in the BitBake User Manual for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-b'><title>B</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-B'><glossterm>B</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ B[doc] = "The Build Directory. The OpenEmbedded build system places generated objects into the Build Directory during a recipe's build process."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The directory within the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ in which the OpenEmbedded build system places generated
+ objects during a recipe's build process.
+ By default, this directory is the same as the <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link>
+ directory, which is defined as:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ S = "${WORKDIR}/${BP}/"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can separate the (<filename>S</filename>) directory
+ and the directory pointed to by the <filename>B</filename>
+ variable.
+ Most Autotools-based recipes support separating these
+ directories.
+ The build system defaults to using separate directories for
+ <filename>gcc</filename> and some kernel recipes.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS'><glossterm>BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS[doc] = "A list of packages not to install despite being recommended by a recipe. Support for this variable exists only when using the IPK packaging backend."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists "recommended-only" packages to not install.
+ Recommended-only packages are packages installed only
+ through the
+ <link linkend='var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ You can prevent any of these "recommended" packages from
+ being installed by listing them with the
+ <filename>BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename> variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS = "<replaceable>package_name</replaceable> <replaceable>package_name</replaceable> <replaceable>package_name</replaceable> ..."
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can set this variable globally in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file or you can attach it to
+ a specific image recipe by using the recipe name override:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS_pn-<replaceable>target_image</replaceable> = "<replaceable>package_name</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is important to realize that if you choose to not install
+ packages using this variable and some other packages are
+ dependent on them (i.e. listed in a recipe's
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>
+ variable), the OpenEmbedded build system ignores your
+ request and will install the packages to avoid dependency
+ errors.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Support for this variable exists only when using the
+ IPK and RPM packaging backend.
+ Support does not exist for DEB.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-NO_RECOMMENDATIONS'><filename>NO_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename></link>
+ and the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_EXCLUDE'><filename>PACKAGE_EXCLUDE</filename></link>
+ variables for related information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BASE_LIB'><glossterm>BASE_LIB</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BASE_LIB[doc] = "The library directory name for the CPU or Application Binary Interface (ABI) tune."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The library directory name for the CPU or Application
+ Binary Interface (ABI) tune.
+ The <filename>BASE_LIB</filename> applies only in the
+ Multilib context.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#combining-multiple-versions-library-files-into-one-image'>Combining Multiple Versions of Library Files into One Image</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for
+ information on Multilib.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>BASE_LIB</filename> variable is defined in
+ the machine include files in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ If Multilib is not being used, the value defaults to "lib".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BASE_WORKDIR'><glossterm>BASE_WORKDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BASE_WORKDIR[doc] = "Points to the base of the work directory for all recipes."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the base of the work directory for all recipes.
+ The default value is "${TMPDIR}/work".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BB_ALLOWED_NETWORKS'><glossterm>BB_ALLOWED_NETWORKS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BB_ALLOWED_NETWORKS[doc] = "A list of hosts that the fetcher is allowed to use to obtain the required source code."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>
+ Specifies a space-delimited list of hosts that the fetcher
+ is allowed to use to obtain the required source code.
+ Following are considerations surrounding this variable:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ This host list is only used if
+ <filename>BB_NO_NETWORK</filename> is either not
+ set or set to "0".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Limited support for wildcard matching against the
+ beginning of host names exists.
+ For example, the following setting matches
+ <filename>git.gnu.org</filename>,
+ <filename>ftp.gnu.org</filename>, and
+ <filename>foo.git.gnu.org</filename>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_ALLOWED_NETWORKS = "*.gnu.org"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Mirrors not in the host list are skipped and
+ logged in debug.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Attempts to access networks not in the host list
+ cause a failure.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ Using <filename>BB_ALLOWED_NETWORKS</filename> in
+ conjunction with
+ <link linkend='var-PREMIRRORS'><filename>PREMIRRORS</filename></link>
+ is very useful.
+ Adding the host you want to use to
+ <filename>PREMIRRORS</filename> results in the source code
+ being fetched from an allowed location and avoids raising
+ an error when a host that is not allowed is in a
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>
+ statement.
+ This is because the fetcher does not attempt to use the
+ host listed in <filename>SRC_URI</filename> after a
+ successful fetch from the
+ <filename>PREMIRRORS</filename> occurs.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BB_DANGLINGAPPENDS_WARNONLY'><glossterm>BB_DANGLINGAPPENDS_WARNONLY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BB_DANGLINGAPPENDS_WARNONLY[doc] = "Defines how BitBake handles situations where an append file (.bbappend) has no corresponding recipe file (.bb)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines how BitBake handles situations where an append
+ file (<filename>.bbappend</filename>) has no
+ corresponding recipe file (<filename>.bb</filename>).
+ This condition often occurs when layers get out of sync
+ (e.g. <filename>oe-core</filename> bumps a
+ recipe version and the old recipe no longer exists and the
+ other layer has not been updated to the new version
+ of the recipe yet).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default fatal behavior is safest because it is
+ the sane reaction given something is out of sync.
+ It is important to realize when your changes are no longer
+ being applied.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can change the default behavior by setting this
+ variable to "1", "yes", or "true"
+ in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file, which is
+ located in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>:
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_DANGLINGAPPENDS_WARNONLY = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BB_DISKMON_DIRS'><glossterm>BB_DISKMON_DIRS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BB_DISKMON_DIRS[doc] = "Monitors disk space and available inodes during the build and allows you to control the build based on these parameters."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Monitors disk space and available inodes during the build
+ and allows you to control the build based on these
+ parameters.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Disk space monitoring is disabled by default.
+ To enable monitoring, add the <filename>BB_DISKMON_DIRS</filename>
+ variable to your <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> file found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ Use the following form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_DISKMON_DIRS = "<replaceable>action</replaceable>,<replaceable>dir</replaceable>,<replaceable>threshold</replaceable> [...]"
+
+ where:
+
+ <replaceable>action</replaceable> is:
+ ABORT: Immediately abort the build when
+ a threshold is broken.
+ STOPTASKS: Stop the build after the currently
+ executing tasks have finished when
+ a threshold is broken.
+ WARN: Issue a warning but continue the
+ build when a threshold is broken.
+ Subsequent warnings are issued as
+ defined by the
+ <link linkend='var-BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL'>BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL</link> variable,
+ which must be defined in the
+ conf/local.conf file.
+
+ <replaceable>dir</replaceable> is:
+ Any directory you choose. You can specify one or
+ more directories to monitor by separating the
+ groupings with a space. If two directories are
+ on the same device, only the first directory
+ is monitored.
+
+ <replaceable>threshold</replaceable> is:
+ Either the minimum available disk space,
+ the minimum number of free inodes, or
+ both. You must specify at least one. To
+ omit one or the other, simply omit the value.
+ Specify the threshold using G, M, K for Gbytes,
+ Mbytes, and Kbytes, respectively. If you do
+ not specify G, M, or K, Kbytes is assumed by
+ default. Do not use GB, MB, or KB.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some examples:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_DISKMON_DIRS = "ABORT,${TMPDIR},1G,100K WARN,${SSTATE_DIR},1G,100K"
+ BB_DISKMON_DIRS = "STOPTASKS,${TMPDIR},1G"
+ BB_DISKMON_DIRS = "ABORT,${TMPDIR},,100K"
+ </literallayout>
+ The first example works only if you also provide
+ the <link linkend='var-BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL'><filename>BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL</filename></link> variable
+ in the <filename>conf/local.conf</filename>.
+ This example causes the build system to immediately
+ abort when either the disk space in <filename>${TMPDIR}</filename> drops
+ below 1 Gbyte or the available free inodes drops below
+ 100 Kbytes.
+ Because two directories are provided with the variable, the
+ build system also issue a
+ warning when the disk space in the
+ <filename>${SSTATE_DIR}</filename> directory drops
+ below 1 Gbyte or the number of free inodes drops
+ below 100 Kbytes.
+ Subsequent warnings are issued during intervals as
+ defined by the <filename>BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL</filename>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The second example stops the build after all currently
+ executing tasks complete when the minimum disk space
+ in the <filename>${<link linkend='var-TMPDIR'>TMPDIR</link>}</filename>
+ directory drops below 1 Gbyte.
+ No disk monitoring occurs for the free inodes in this case.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The final example immediately aborts the build when the
+ number of free inodes in the <filename>${TMPDIR}</filename> directory
+ drops below 100 Kbytes.
+ No disk space monitoring for the directory itself occurs
+ in this case.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL'><glossterm>BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL[doc] = "Defines the disk space and free inode warning intervals. To set these intervals, define the variable in the conf/local.conf file in the Build Directory."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the disk space and free inode warning intervals.
+ To set these intervals, define the variable in your
+ <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are going to use the
+ <filename>BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL</filename> variable, you must
+ also use the
+ <link linkend='var-BB_DISKMON_DIRS'><filename>BB_DISKMON_DIRS</filename></link> variable
+ and define its action as "WARN".
+ During the build, subsequent warnings are issued each time
+ disk space or number of free inodes further reduces by
+ the respective interval.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not provide a <filename>BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL</filename>
+ variable and you do use <filename>BB_DISKMON_DIRS</filename> with
+ the "WARN" action, the disk monitoring interval defaults to
+ the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL = "50M,5K"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When specifying the variable in your configuration file,
+ use the following form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL = "<replaceable>disk_space_interval</replaceable>,<replaceable>disk_inode_interval</replaceable>"
+
+ where:
+
+ <replaceable>disk_space_interval</replaceable> is:
+ An interval of memory expressed in either
+ G, M, or K for Gbytes, Mbytes, or Kbytes,
+ respectively. You cannot use GB, MB, or KB.
+
+ <replaceable>disk_inode_interval</replaceable> is:
+ An interval of free inodes expressed in either
+ G, M, or K for Gbytes, Mbytes, or Kbytes,
+ respectively. You cannot use GB, MB, or KB.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_DISKMON_DIRS = "WARN,${SSTATE_DIR},1G,100K"
+ BB_DISKMON_WARNINTERVAL = "50M,5K"
+ </literallayout>
+ These variables cause the OpenEmbedded build system to
+ issue subsequent warnings each time the available
+ disk space further reduces by 50 Mbytes or the number
+ of free inodes further reduces by 5 Kbytes in the
+ <filename>${SSTATE_DIR}</filename> directory.
+ Subsequent warnings based on the interval occur each time
+ a respective interval is reached beyond the initial warning
+ (i.e. 1 Gbytes and 100 Kbytes).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS'><glossterm>BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS[doc] = "Causes tarballs of the Git repositories to be placed in the DL_DIR directory."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Causes tarballs of the Git repositories, including the
+ Git metadata, to be placed in the
+ <link linkend='var-DL_DIR'><filename>DL_DIR</filename></link>
+ directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For performance reasons, creating and placing tarballs of
+ the Git repositories is not the default action by the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ Set this variable in your <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BB_NUMBER_THREADS'><glossterm>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BB_NUMBER_THREADS[doc] = "The maximum number of tasks BitBake should run in parallel at any one time. This variable is automatically configured to be equal to the number of build system cores."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The maximum number of tasks BitBake should run in parallel
+ at any one time.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system automatically configures
+ this variable to be equal to the number of cores on the
+ build system.
+ For example, a system with a dual core processor that
+ also uses hyper-threading causes the
+ <filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> variable to default
+ to "4".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For single socket systems (i.e. one CPU), you should not
+ have to override this variable to gain optimal parallelism
+ during builds.
+ However, if you have very large systems that employ
+ multiple physical CPUs, you might want to make sure the
+ <filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> variable is not
+ set higher than "20".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on speeding up builds, see the
+ "<link linkend='speeding-up-the-build'>Speeding Up the Build</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBCLASSEXTEND'><glossterm>BBCLASSEXTEND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBCLASSEXTEND[doc] = "Allows you to extend a recipe so that it builds variants of the software. Common variants for recipes are 'native', 'cross', 'nativesdk' and multilibs."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Allows you to extend a recipe so that it builds variants of the software.
+ Common variants for recipes exist such as "natives" like <filename>quilt-native</filename>,
+ which is a copy of Quilt built to run on the build system;
+ "crosses" such as <filename>gcc-cross</filename>,
+ which is a compiler built to run on the build machine but produces binaries
+ that run on the target <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>;
+ "nativesdk", which targets the SDK machine instead of <filename>MACHINE</filename>;
+ and "mulitlibs" in the form "<filename>multilib:</filename><replaceable>multilib_name</replaceable>".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To build a different variant of the recipe with a minimal amount of code, it usually
+ is as simple as adding the following to your recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BBCLASSEXTEND =+ "native nativesdk"
+ BBCLASSEXTEND =+ "multilib:<replaceable>multilib_name</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBFILE_COLLECTIONS'><glossterm>BBFILE_COLLECTIONS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBFILE_COLLECTIONS[doc] = "Lists the names of configured layers. These names are used to find the other BBFILE_* variables."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists the names of configured layers.
+ These names are used to find the other <filename>BBFILE_*</filename>
+ variables.
+ Typically, each layer will append its name to this variable in its
+ <filename>conf/layer.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBFILE_PATTERN'><glossterm>BBFILE_PATTERN</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBFILE_PATTERN[doc] = "Variable that expands to match files from BBFILES in a particular layer. This variable is used in the layer.conf file and must be suffixed with the name of a layer."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Variable that expands to match files from
+ <link linkend='var-BBFILES'><filename>BBFILES</filename></link>
+ in a particular layer.
+ This variable is used in the <filename>conf/layer.conf</filename> file and must
+ be suffixed with the name of the specific layer (e.g.
+ <filename>BBFILE_PATTERN_emenlow</filename>).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBFILE_PRIORITY'><glossterm>BBFILE_PRIORITY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBFILE_PRIORITY[doc] = "Assigns the priority for recipe files in each layer. Setting this variable allows you to prioritize a layer against other layers that contain the same recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Assigns the priority for recipe files in each layer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is useful in situations where the same recipe appears in
+ more than one layer.
+ Setting this variable allows you to prioritize a
+ layer against other layers that contain the same recipe - effectively
+ letting you control the precedence for the multiple layers.
+ The precedence established through this variable stands regardless of a
+ recipe's version
+ (<link linkend='var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></link> variable).
+ For example, a layer that has a recipe with a higher <filename>PV</filename> value but for
+ which the <filename>BBFILE_PRIORITY</filename> is set to have a lower precedence still has a
+ lower precedence.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A larger value for the <filename>BBFILE_PRIORITY</filename> variable results in a higher
+ precedence.
+ For example, the value 6 has a higher precedence than the value 5.
+ If not specified, the <filename>BBFILE_PRIORITY</filename> variable is set based on layer
+ dependencies (see the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-LAYERDEPENDS'>LAYERDEPENDS</link></filename> variable for
+ more information.
+ The default priority, if unspecified
+ for a layer with no dependencies, is the lowest defined priority + 1
+ (or 1 if no priorities are defined).
+ </para>
+ <tip>
+ You can use the command <filename>bitbake-layers show-layers</filename> to list
+ all configured layers along with their priorities.
+ </tip>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBFILES'><glossterm>BBFILES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBFILES[doc] = "List of recipe files used by BitBake to build software."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ List of recipe files used by BitBake to build software.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBINCLUDELOGS'><glossterm>BBINCLUDELOGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBINCLUDELOGS[doc] = "Variable that controls how BitBake displays logs on build failure."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Variable that controls how BitBake displays logs on build failure.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBINCLUDELOGS_LINES'><glossterm>BBINCLUDELOGS_LINES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBINCLUDELOGS_LINES[doc] = "Amount of log lines printed on failure."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ If
+ <link linkend='var-BBINCLUDELOGS'><filename>BBINCLUDELOGS</filename></link>
+ is set, specifies the maximum number of lines from the
+ task log file to print when reporting a failed task.
+ If you do not set <filename>BBINCLUDELOGS_LINES</filename>,
+ the entire log is printed.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBLAYERS'><glossterm>BBLAYERS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBLAYERS[doc] = "Lists the layers to enable during the build. This variable is defined in the bblayers.conf configuration file."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists the layers to enable during the build.
+ This variable is defined in the <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> configuration
+ file in the <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BBLAYERS = " \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta-yocto \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta-yocto-bsp \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta-mykernel \
+ "
+
+ BBLAYERS_NON_REMOVABLE ?= " \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta-yocto \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ The
+ <link linkend='var-BBLAYERS_NON_REMOVABLE'><filename>BBLAYERS_NON_REMOVABLE</filename></link>
+ variable exists only for
+ <ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/tools-resources/projects/hob'>Hob</ulink>.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system does not use this
+ variable.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This example enables four layers, one of which is a custom, user-defined layer
+ named <filename>meta-mykernel</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBLAYERS_NON_REMOVABLE'><glossterm>BBLAYERS_NON_REMOVABLE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBLAYERS_NON_REMOVABLE[doc] = "Lists core layers that cannot be removed from the bblayers.conf file."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists core layers that cannot be removed from the
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file during a build
+ using the
+ <ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/tools-resources/projects/hob'>Hob</ulink>.
+ <note>
+ When building an image outside of Hob, the OpenEmbedded
+ build system ignores this variable.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In order for BitBake to build your image using Hob, your
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file must include the
+ <filename>meta</filename> and <filename>meta-yocto</filename>
+ core layers.
+ Here is an example that shows these two layers listed in
+ the <filename>BBLAYERS_NON_REMOVABLE</filename> statement:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BBLAYERS = " \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta-yocto \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta-yocto-bsp \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta-mykernel \
+ "
+
+ BBLAYERS_NON_REMOVABLE ?= " \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta \
+ /home/scottrif/poky/meta-yocto \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBMASK'><glossterm>BBMASK</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBMASK[doc] = "Prevents BitBake from processing specific recipes or recipe append files. Use the BBMASK variable from within conf/local.conf."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Prevents BitBake from processing recipes and recipe
+ append files.
+ Use the <filename>BBMASK</filename> variable from within the
+ <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> file found
+ in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use the <filename>BBMASK</filename> variable
+ to "hide" these <filename>.bb</filename> and
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> files.
+ BitBake ignores any recipe or recipe append files that
+ match the expression.
+ It is as if BitBake does not see them at all.
+ Consequently, matching files are not parsed or otherwise
+ used by BitBake.</para>
+ <para>
+ The value you provide is passed to Python's regular
+ expression compiler.
+ The expression is compared against the full paths to
+ the files.
+ For complete syntax information, see Python's
+ documentation at
+ <ulink url='http://docs.python.org/release/2.3/lib/re-syntax.html'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following example uses a complete regular expression
+ to tell BitBake to ignore all recipe and recipe append
+ files in the <filename>meta-ti/recipes-misc/</filename>
+ directory:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BBMASK = "meta-ti/recipes-misc/"
+ </literallayout>
+ If you want to mask out multiple directories or recipes,
+ use the vertical bar to separate the regular expression
+ fragments.
+ This next example masks out multiple directories and
+ individual recipes:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BBMASK = "meta-ti/recipes-misc/|meta-ti/recipes-ti/packagegroup/"
+ BBMASK .= "|.*meta-oe/recipes-support/"
+ BBMASK .= "|.*openldap"
+ BBMASK .= "|.*opencv"
+ BBMASK .= "|.*lzma"
+ </literallayout>
+ Notice how the vertical bar is used to append the fragments.
+ <note>
+ When specifying a directory name, use the trailing
+ slash character to ensure you match just that directory
+ name.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBPATH'><glossterm>BBPATH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBPATH[doc] = "Used by BitBake to locate .bbclass and configuration files. This variable is analogous to the PATH variable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Used by BitBake to locate
+ <filename>.bbclass</filename> and configuration files.
+ This variable is analogous to the
+ <filename>PATH</filename> variable.
+ <note>
+ If you run BitBake from a directory outside of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
+ you must be sure to set
+ <filename>BBPATH</filename> to point to the
+ Build Directory.
+ Set the variable as you would any environment variable
+ and then run BitBake:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ BBPATH = "<replaceable>build_directory</replaceable>"
+ $ export BBPATH
+ $ bitbake <replaceable>target</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BBSERVER'><glossterm>BBSERVER</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BBSERVER[doc] = "Points to the server that runs memory-resident BitBake."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the server that runs memory-resident BitBake.
+ This variable is set by the
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>
+ setup script and should not be hand-edited.
+ The variable is only used when you employ memory-resident
+ BitBake.
+ The setup script exports the value as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ export BBSERVER=localhost:$port
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on how the
+ <filename>BBSERVER</filename> is used, see the
+ <filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename> script, which
+ is located in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BINCONFIG'><glossterm>BINCONFIG</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BINCONFIG[doc] = "When inheriting the binconfig-disabled class, this variable specifies binary configuration scripts to disable in favor of using pkg-config to query the information."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-binconfig-disabled'><filename>binconfig-disabled</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies binary configuration
+ scripts to disable in favor of using
+ <filename>pkg-config</filename> to query the information.
+ The <filename>binconfig-disabled</filename> class will
+ modify the specified scripts to return an error so that
+ calls to them can be easily found and replaced.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To add multiple scripts, separate them by spaces.
+ Here is an example from the <filename>libpng</filename>
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BINCONFIG = "${bindir}/libpng-config ${bindir}/libpng16-config"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BINCONFIG_GLOB'><glossterm>BINCONFIG_GLOB</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BINCONFIG_GLOB[doc] = "When inheriting binconfig.bbclass from a recipe, this variable specifies a wildcard for configuration scripts that need editing."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-binconfig'><filename>binconfig</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies a wildcard for
+ configuration scripts that need editing.
+ The scripts are edited to correct any paths that have been
+ set up during compilation so that they are correct for
+ use when installed into the sysroot and called by the
+ build processes of other recipes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on how this variable works, see
+ <filename>meta/classes/binconfig.bbclass</filename> in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ You can also find general information on the class in the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-binconfig'><filename>binconfig.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BP'><glossterm>BP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BP[doc] = "The base recipe name and version but without any special recipe name suffix (i.e. -native, lib64-, and so forth). BP is comprised of ${BPN}-${PV}"
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The base recipe name and version but without any special
+ recipe name suffix (i.e. <filename>-native</filename>, <filename>lib64-</filename>,
+ and so forth).
+ <filename>BP</filename> is comprised of the following:
+ <literallayout class="monospaced">
+ ${BPN}-${PV}
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BPN'><glossterm>BPN</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BPN[doc] = "The bare name of the recipe. This variable is a version of the PN variable but removes common suffixes and prefixes."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The bare name of the recipe.
+ This variable is a version of the <link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link> variable
+ but removes common suffixes such as "-native" and "-cross" as well
+ as removes common prefixes such as multilib's "lib64-" and "lib32-".
+ The exact list of suffixes removed is specified by the
+ <link linkend='var-SPECIAL_PKGSUFFIX'><filename>SPECIAL_PKGSUFFIX</filename></link> variable.
+ The exact list of prefixes removed is specified by the
+ <link linkend='var-MLPREFIX'><filename>MLPREFIX</filename></link> variable.
+ Prefixes are removed for <filename>multilib</filename>
+ and <filename>nativesdk</filename> cases.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUGTRACKER'><glossterm>BUGTRACKER</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUGTRACKER[doc] = "Specifies a URL for an upstream bug tracking website for a recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a URL for an upstream bug tracking website for
+ a recipe.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system does not use this variable.
+ Rather, the variable is a useful pointer in case a bug
+ in the software being built needs to be manually reported.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILD_ARCH'><glossterm>BUILD_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILD_ARCH[doc] = "The name of the building architecture (e.g. i686)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the architecture of the build host
+ (e.g. <filename>i686</filename>).
+ The OpenEmbedded build system sets the value of
+ <filename>BUILD_ARCH</filename> from the machine name
+ reported by the <filename>uname</filename> command.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILD_CFLAGS'><glossterm>BUILD_CFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILD_CFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the C compiler when building for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C compiler when building
+ for the build host.
+ When building in the <filename>-native</filename> context,
+ <link linkend='var-CFLAGS'><filename>CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILD_CPPFLAGS'><glossterm>BUILD_CPPFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILD_CPPFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the C pre-processor (i.e. to both the C and the C++ compilers) when building for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C pre-processor
+ (i.e. to both the C and the C++ compilers) when building
+ for the build host.
+ When building in the <filename>native</filename> context,
+ <link linkend='var-CPPFLAGS'><filename>CPPFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILD_CXXFLAGS'><glossterm>BUILD_CXXFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILD_CXXFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the C++ compiler when building for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C++ compiler when
+ building for the build host.
+ When building in the <filename>native</filename> context,
+ <link linkend='var-CXXFLAGS'><filename>CXXFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILD_LDFLAGS'><glossterm>BUILD_LDFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILD_LDFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the linker when building for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the linker when building
+ for the build host.
+ When building in the <filename>-native</filename> context,
+ <link linkend='var-LDFLAGS'><filename>LDFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILD_OPTIMIZATION'><glossterm>BUILD_OPTIMIZATION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILD_OPTIMIZATION[doc] = "Specifies the optimization flags passed to the C compiler when building for the build host or the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the optimization flags passed to the C compiler
+ when building for the build host or the SDK.
+ The flags are passed through the
+ <link linkend='var-BUILD_CFLAGS'><filename>BUILD_CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDSDK_CFLAGS'><filename>BUILDSDK_CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ default values.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value of the
+ <filename>BUILD_OPTIMIZATION</filename> variable is
+ "-O2 -pipe".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILD_OS'><glossterm>BUILD_OS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILD_OS[doc] = "The operating system (in lower case) of the building architecture (e.g. Linux)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the operating system in use on the build
+ host (e.g. "linux").
+ The OpenEmbedded build system sets the value of
+ <filename>BUILD_OS</filename> from the OS reported by
+ the <filename>uname</filename> command - the first word,
+ converted to lower-case characters.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILD_PREFIX'><glossterm>BUILD_PREFIX</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILD_PREFIX[doc] = "The toolchain binary prefix used for native recipes."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The toolchain binary prefix used for native recipes.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses the
+ <filename>BUILD_PREFIX</filename> value to set the
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_PREFIX'><filename>TARGET_PREFIX</filename></link>
+ when building for native recipes.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILD_SYS'><glossterm>BUILD_SYS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILD_SYS[doc] = "The toolchain binary prefix used for native recipes."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the system, including the architecture and
+ the operating system, to use when building for the build
+ host (i.e. when building <filename>native</filename>
+ recipes).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system automatically sets this
+ variable based on
+ <link linkend='var-BUILD_ARCH'><filename>BUILD_ARCH</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-BUILD_VENDOR'><filename>BUILD_VENDOR</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-BUILD_OS'><filename>BUILD_OS</filename></link>.
+ You do not need to set the <filename>BUILD_SYS</filename>
+ variable yourself.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILD_VENDOR'><glossterm>BUILD_VENDOR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILD_VENDOR[doc] = "The vendor name to use when building for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the vendor name to use when building for the
+ build host.
+ The default value is an empty string ("").
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDDIR'><glossterm>BUILDDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDDIR[doc] = "Points to the location of the Build Directory."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the location of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ You can define this directory indirectly through the
+ <link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>
+ scripts by passing in a Build Directory path when you run
+ the scripts.
+ If you run the scripts and do not provide a Build Directory
+ path, the <filename>BUILDDIR</filename> defaults to
+ <filename>build</filename> in the current directory.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT'><glossterm>BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT[doc] = "When inheriting the buildhistory class, this variable specifies whether or not to commit the build history output in a local Git repository."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-buildhistory'><filename>buildhistory</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies whether or not to commit the
+ build history output in a local Git repository.
+ If set to "1", this local repository will be maintained
+ automatically by the
+ <filename>buildhistory</filename>
+ class and a commit will be created on every
+ build for changes to each top-level subdirectory of the
+ build history output (images, packages, and sdk).
+ If you want to track changes to build history over
+ time, you should set this value to "1".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the <filename>buildhistory</filename> class
+ does not commit the build history output in a local
+ Git repository:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT ?= "0"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT_AUTHOR'><glossterm>BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT_AUTHOR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT_AUTHOR[doc] = "When inheriting the buildhistory class, this variable specifies the author to use for each Git commit."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-buildhistory'><filename>buildhistory</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies the author to use for each
+ Git commit.
+ In order for the <filename>BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT_AUTHOR</filename>
+ variable to work, the
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT'><filename>BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT</filename></link>
+ variable must be set to "1".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Git requires that the value you provide for the
+ <filename>BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT_AUTHOR</filename> variable
+ takes the form of "name <email@host>".
+ Providing an email address or host that is not valid does
+ not produce an error.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the <filename>buildhistory</filename> class
+ sets the variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT_AUTHOR ?= "buildhistory <buildhistory@${DISTRO}>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDHISTORY_DIR'><glossterm>BUILDHISTORY_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDHISTORY_DIR[doc] = "When inheriting the buildhistory class, this variable specifies the directory in which build history information is kept."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-buildhistory'><filename>buildhistory</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies the directory in which
+ build history information is kept.
+ For more information on how the variable works, see the
+ <filename>buildhistory.class</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the <filename>buildhistory</filename> class
+ sets the directory as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BUILDHISTORY_DIR ?= "${TOPDIR}/buildhistory"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDHISTORY_FEATURES'><glossterm>BUILDHISTORY_FEATURES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDHISTORY_FEATURES[doc] = "When inheriting the buildhistory class, this variable specifies the build history features to be enabled."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-buildhistory'><filename>buildhistory</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies the build history features
+ to be enabled.
+ For more information on how build history works, see the
+ "<link linkend='maintaining-build-output-quality'>Maintaining Build Output Quality</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can specify three features in the form of a
+ space-separated list:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>image:</emphasis>
+ Analysis of the contents of images, which
+ includes the list of installed packages among other
+ things.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>package:</emphasis>
+ Analysis of the contents of individual packages.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>sdk:</emphasis>
+ Analysis of the contents of the software
+ development kit (SDK).
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the <filename>buildhistory</filename> class
+ enables all three features:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BUILDHISTORY_FEATURES ?= "image package sdk"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDHISTORY_IMAGE_FILES'><glossterm>BUILDHISTORY_IMAGE_FILES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDHISTORY_IMAGE_FILES[doc] = "When inheriting the buildhistory class, this variable specifies a list of paths to files copied from the image contents into the build history directory under an "image-files" directory in the directory for the image, so that you can track the contents of each file."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-buildhistory'><filename>buildhistory</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies a list of paths to files
+ copied from the
+ image contents into the build history directory under
+ an "image-files" directory in the directory for
+ the image, so that you can track the contents of each file.
+ The default is to copy <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
+ and <filename>/etc/group</filename>, which allows you to
+ monitor for changes in user and group entries.
+ You can modify the list to include any file.
+ Specifying an invalid path does not produce an error.
+ Consequently, you can include files that might
+ not always be present.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the <filename>buildhistory</filename> class
+ provides paths to the following files:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BUILDHISTORY_IMAGE_FILES ?= "/etc/passwd /etc/group"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDHISTORY_PUSH_REPO'><glossterm>BUILDHISTORY_PUSH_REPO</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDHISTORY_PUSH_REPO[doc] = "When inheriting the buildhistory class, this variable optionally specifies a remote repository to which build history pushes Git changes."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-buildhistory'><filename>buildhistory</filename></link>
+ class, this variable optionally specifies a remote
+ repository to which build history pushes Git changes.
+ In order for <filename>BUILDHISTORY_PUSH_REPO</filename>
+ to work,
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT'><filename>BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT</filename></link>
+ must be set to "1".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The repository should correspond to a remote
+ address that specifies a repository as understood by
+ Git, or alternatively to a remote name that you have
+ set up manually using <filename>git remote</filename>
+ within the local repository.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the <filename>buildhistory</filename> class
+ sets the variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BUILDHISTORY_PUSH_REPO ?= ""
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDSDK_CFLAGS'><glossterm>BUILDSDK_CFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDSDK_CFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the C compiler when building for the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C compiler when building
+ for the SDK.
+ When building in the <filename>nativesdk</filename>
+ context,
+ <link linkend='var-CFLAGS'><filename>CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDSDK_CPPFLAGS'><glossterm>BUILDSDK_CPPFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDSDK_CPPFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the C pre-processor (i.e. to both the C and the C++ compilers) when building for the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C pre-processor
+ (i.e. to both the C and the C++ compilers) when building
+ for the SDK.
+ When building in the <filename>nativesdk</filename>
+ context,
+ <link linkend='var-CPPFLAGS'><filename>CPPFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDSDK_CXXFLAGS'><glossterm>BUILDSDK_CXXFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDSDK_CXXFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the C++ compiler when building for the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C++ compiler when
+ building for the SDK.
+ When building in the <filename>nativesdk</filename>
+ context,
+ <link linkend='var-CXXFLAGS'><filename>CXXFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDSDK_LDFLAGS'><glossterm>BUILDSDK_LDFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDSDK_LDFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the linker when building for the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the linker when building
+ for the SDK.
+ When building in the <filename>nativesdk-</filename>
+ context,
+ <link linkend='var-LDFLAGS'><filename>LDFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUILDSTATS_BASE'><glossterm>BUILDSTATS_BASE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUILDSTATS_BASE[doc] = "Points to the location of the directory that holds build statistics when you use and enable the buildstats class."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the location of the directory that holds build
+ statistics when you use and enable the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-buildstats'><filename>buildstats</filename></link>
+ class.
+ The <filename>BUILDSTATS_BASE</filename> directory defaults
+ to
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link><filename>}/buildstats/</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-BUSYBOX_SPLIT_SUID'><glossterm>BUSYBOX_SPLIT_SUID</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ BUSYBOX_SPLIT_SUID[doc] = "For the BusyBox recipe, specifies whether to split the output executable file into two parts: one for features that require setuid root, and one for the remaining features."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ For the BusyBox recipe, specifies whether to split the
+ output executable file into two parts: one for features
+ that require <filename>setuid root</filename>, and one for
+ the remaining features (i.e. those that do not require
+ <filename>setuid root</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>BUSYBOX_SPLIT_SUID</filename> variable
+ defaults to "1", which results in a single output
+ executable file.
+ Set the variable to "0" to split the output file.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-c'><title>C</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CACHE'><glossterm>CACHE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CACHE[doc] = "The directory BitBake uses to store a cache of the metadata."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the directory BitBake uses to store a cache
+ of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ so it does not need to be parsed every time BitBake is
+ started.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CC'><glossterm>CC</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CC[doc] = "Minimum command and arguments to run the C compiler."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments used to run the C
+ compiler.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CFLAGS'><glossterm>CFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CFLAGS[doc] = "Flags passed to the C compiler for the target system. This variable evaluates to the same as TARGET_CFLAGS."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C compiler.
+ This variable is exported to an environment
+ variable and thus made visible to the software being
+ built during the compilation step.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Default initialization for <filename>CFLAGS</filename>
+ varies depending on what is being built:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_CFLAGS'><filename>TARGET_CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for the target
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-BUILD_CFLAGS'><filename>BUILD_CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for the build host (i.e.
+ <filename>-native</filename>)
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDSDK_CFLAGS'><filename>BUILDSDK_CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for an SDK (i.e.
+ <filename>nativesdk-</filename>)
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CLASSOVERRIDE'><glossterm>CLASSOVERRIDE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CLASSOVERRIDE[doc] = "An internal variable specifying the special class override that should currently apply (e.g. "class-target", "class-native", and so forth)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ An internal variable specifying the special class override
+ that should currently apply (e.g. "class-target",
+ "class-native", and so forth).
+ The classes that use this variable set it to
+ appropriate values.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You do not normally directly interact with this variable.
+ The value for the <filename>CLASSOVERRIDE</filename>
+ variable goes into
+ <link linkend='var-OVERRIDES'><filename>OVERRIDES</filename></link>
+ and then can be used as an override.
+ Here is an example where "python-native" is added to
+ <link linkend='var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></link>
+ only when building for the native case:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPENDS_append_class-native = " python-native"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CLEANBROKEN'><glossterm>CLEANBROKEN</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CLEANBROKEN[doc] = "Prevents the build system from running 'make clean' during the do_configure task."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ If set to "1" within a recipe,
+ <filename>CLEANBROKEN</filename> specifies that
+ the <filename>make clean</filename> command does
+ not work for the software being built.
+ Consequently, the OpenEmbedded build system will not try
+ to run <filename>make clean</filename> during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ task, which is the default behavior.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-COMBINED_FEATURES'><glossterm>COMBINED_FEATURES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ COMBINED_FEATURES[doc] = "A set of features common between MACHINE_FEATURES and DISTRO_FEATURES."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Provides a list of hardware features that are enabled in
+ both
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES'><filename>MACHINE_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ This select list of features contains features that make
+ sense to be controlled both at the machine and distribution
+ configuration level.
+ For example, the "bluetooth" feature requires hardware
+ support but should also be optional at the distribution
+ level, in case the hardware supports Bluetooth but you
+ do not ever intend to use it.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information, see the
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES'><filename>MACHINE_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ and <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-COMMON_LICENSE_DIR'><glossterm>COMMON_LICENSE_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ COMMON_LICENSE_DIR[doc] = "Points to meta/files/common-licenses in the Source Directory, which is where generic license files reside."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to <filename>meta/files/common-licenses</filename>
+ in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>,
+ which is where generic license files reside.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-COMPATIBLE_HOST'><glossterm>COMPATIBLE_HOST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ COMPATIBLE_HOST[doc] = "A regular expression that resolves to one or more hosts (when the recipe is native) or one or more targets (when the recipe is non-native) with which a recipe is compatible."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A regular expression that resolves to one or more hosts
+ (when the recipe is native) or one or more targets (when
+ the recipe is non-native) with which a recipe is compatible.
+ The regular expression is matched against
+ <link linkend="var-HOST_SYS"><filename>HOST_SYS</filename></link>.
+ You can use the variable to stop recipes from being built
+ for classes of systems with which the recipes are not
+ compatible.
+ Stopping these builds is particularly useful with kernels.
+ The variable also helps to increase parsing speed
+ since the build system skips parsing recipes not
+ compatible with the current system.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-COMPATIBLE_MACHINE'><glossterm>COMPATIBLE_MACHINE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ COMPATIBLE_MACHINE[doc] = "A regular expression that resolves to one or more target machines with which a recipe is compatible."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A regular expression that resolves to one or more
+ target machines with which a recipe is compatible.
+ The regular expression is matched against
+ <link linkend="var-MACHINEOVERRIDES"><filename>MACHINEOVERRIDES</filename></link>.
+ You can use the variable to stop recipes from being built
+ for machines with which the recipes are not compatible.
+ Stopping these builds is particularly useful with kernels.
+ The variable also helps to increase parsing speed
+ since the build system skips parsing recipes not
+ compatible with the current machine.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-COMPLEMENTARY_GLOB'><glossterm>COMPLEMENTARY_GLOB</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ COMPLEMENTARY_GLOB[doc] = "Defines wildcards to match when installing a list of complementary packages for all the packages installed in an image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines wildcards to match when installing a list of
+ complementary packages for all the packages explicitly
+ (or implicitly) installed in an image.
+ The resulting list of complementary packages is associated
+ with an item that can be added to
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ An example usage of this is the "dev-pkgs" item that when
+ added to <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> will
+ install -dev packages (containing headers and other
+ development files) for every package in the image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To add a new feature item pointing to a wildcard, use a
+ variable flag to specify the feature item name and
+ use the value to specify the wildcard.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ COMPLEMENTARY_GLOB[dev-pkgs] = '*-dev'
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CONF_VERSION'><glossterm>CONF_VERSION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CONF_VERSION[doc] = "Tracks the version of local.conf. Increased each time build/conf/ changes incompatibly."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Tracks the version of the local configuration file
+ (i.e. <filename>local.conf</filename>).
+ The value for <filename>CONF_VERSION</filename>
+ increments each time <filename>build/conf/</filename>
+ compatibility changes.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CONFFILES'><glossterm>CONFFILES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CONFFILES[doc] = "Identifies editable or configurable files that are part of a package."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Identifies editable or configurable files that are part of a package.
+ If the Package Management System (PMS) is being used to update
+ packages on the target system, it is possible that
+ configuration files you have changed after the original installation
+ and that you now want to remain unchanged are overwritten.
+ In other words, editable files might exist in the package that you do not
+ want reset as part of the package update process.
+ You can use the <filename>CONFFILES</filename> variable to list the files in the
+ package that you wish to prevent the PMS from overwriting during this update process.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use the <filename>CONFFILES</filename> variable, provide a package name
+ override that identifies the resulting package.
+ Then, provide a space-separated list of files.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ CONFFILES_${PN} += "${sysconfdir}/file1 \
+ ${sysconfdir}/file2 ${sysconfdir}/file3"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A relationship exists between the <filename>CONFFILES</filename> and
+ <filename><link linkend='var-FILES'>FILES</link></filename> variables.
+ The files listed within <filename>CONFFILES</filename> must be a subset of
+ the files listed within <filename>FILES</filename>.
+ Because the configuration files you provide with <filename>CONFFILES</filename>
+ are simply being identified so that the PMS will not overwrite them,
+ it makes sense that
+ the files must already be included as part of the package through the
+ <filename>FILES</filename> variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ When specifying paths as part of the <filename>CONFFILES</filename> variable,
+ it is good practice to use appropriate path variables.
+ For example, <filename>${sysconfdir}</filename> rather than
+ <filename>/etc</filename> or <filename>${bindir}</filename> rather
+ than <filename>/usr/bin</filename>.
+ You can find a list of these variables at the top of the
+ <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </note>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE'><glossterm>CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE[doc] = "Identifies the initial RAM disk (initramfs) source files. The OpenEmbedded build system receives and uses this kernel Kconfig variable as an environment variable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Identifies the initial RAM disk (initramfs) source files.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system receives and uses
+ this kernel Kconfig variable as an environment variable.
+ By default, the variable is set to null ("").
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE</filename> can be
+ either a single cpio archive with a
+ <filename>.cpio</filename> suffix or a
+ space-separated list of directories and files for building
+ the initramfs image.
+ A cpio archive should contain a filesystem archive
+ to be used as an initramfs image.
+ Directories should contain a filesystem layout to be
+ included in the initramfs image.
+ Files should contain entries according to the format
+ described by the
+ <filename>usr/gen_init_cpio</filename> program in the
+ kernel tree.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you specify multiple directories and files, the
+ initramfs image will be the aggregate of all of them.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CONFIG_SITE'><glossterm>CONFIG_SITE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CONFIG_SITE[doc] = "A list of files that contains autoconf test results relevant to the current build. This variable is used by the Autotools utilities when running configure."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of files that contains <filename>autoconf</filename> test results relevant
+ to the current build.
+ This variable is used by the Autotools utilities when running
+ <filename>configure</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CONFIGURE_FLAGS'><glossterm>CONFIGURE_FLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CONFIGURE_FLAGS[doc] = "The minimal arguments for GNU configure."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal arguments for GNU configure.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CONFLICT_DISTRO_FEATURES'><glossterm>CONFLICT_DISTRO_FEATURES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CONFLICT_DISTRO_FEATURES[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the distro_features_check class, this variable identifies distribution features that would be in conflict should the recipe be built."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-distro_features_check'><filename>distro_features_check</filename></link>
+ class, this
+ variable identifies distribution features that would
+ be in conflict should the recipe
+ be built.
+ In other words, if the
+ <filename>CONFLICT_DISTRO_FEATURES</filename> variable
+ lists a feature that also appears in
+ <filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename> within the
+ current configuration, an error occurs and the
+ build stops.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-COPY_LIC_DIRS'><glossterm>COPY_LIC_DIRS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ COPY_LIC_DIRS[doc] = "If set to "1" along with the COPY_LIC_MANIFEST variable, the OpenEmbedded build system copies into the image the license files, which are located in /usr/share/common-licenses, for each package."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ If set to "1" along with the
+ <link linkend='var-COPY_LIC_MANIFEST'><filename>COPY_LIC_MANIFEST</filename></link>
+ variable, the OpenEmbedded build system copies
+ into the image the license files, which are located in
+ <filename>/usr/share/common-licenses</filename>,
+ for each package.
+ The license files are placed
+ in directories within the image itself.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-COPY_LIC_MANIFEST'><glossterm>COPY_LIC_MANIFEST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ COPY_LIC_MANIFEST[doc] = "If set to "1", the OpenEmbedded build system copies the license manifest for the image to /usr/share/common-licenses/license.manifest within the image itself."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ If set to "1", the OpenEmbedded build system copies
+ the license manifest for the image to
+ <filename>/usr/share/common-licenses/license.manifest</filename>
+ within the image itself.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL'><glossterm>CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL[doc] = "Specifies the list of packages to be added to the image. You should only set this variable in the conf/local.conf file in the Build Directory."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the list of packages to be added to the image.
+ You should only set this variable in the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file found
+ in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable replaces <filename>POKY_EXTRA_INSTALL</filename>, which is no longer supported.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-COREBASE'><glossterm>COREBASE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ COREBASE[doc] = "Specifies the parent directory of the OpenEmbedded Core Metadata layer (i.e. meta)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the parent directory of the OpenEmbedded
+ Core Metadata layer (i.e. <filename>meta</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is an important distinction that
+ <filename>COREBASE</filename> points to the parent of this
+ layer and not the layer itself.
+ Consider an example where you have cloned the Poky Git
+ repository and retained the <filename>poky</filename>
+ name for your local copy of the repository.
+ In this case, <filename>COREBASE</filename> points to
+ the <filename>poky</filename> folder because it is the
+ parent directory of the <filename>poky/meta</filename>
+ layer.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CPP'><glossterm>CPP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CPP[doc] = "Minimum command and arguments to run the C preprocessor."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments used to run the C
+ preprocessor.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CPPFLAGS'><glossterm>CPPFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CPPFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the C pre-processor (i.e. to both the C and the C++ compilers)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C pre-processor
+ (i.e. to both the C and the C++ compilers).
+ This variable is exported to an environment
+ variable and thus made visible to the software being
+ built during the compilation step.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Default initialization for <filename>CPPFLAGS</filename>
+ varies depending on what is being built:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_CPPFLAGS'><filename>TARGET_CPPFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for the target
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-BUILD_CPPFLAGS'><filename>BUILD_CPPFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for the build host (i.e.
+ <filename>-native</filename>)
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDSDK_CPPFLAGS'><filename>BUILDSDK_CPPFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for an SDK (i.e.
+ <filename>nativesdk-</filename>)
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CROSS_COMPILE'><glossterm>CROSS_COMPILE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CROSS_COMPILE[doc] = "The toolchain binary prefix for the target tools."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The toolchain binary prefix for the target tools.
+ The <filename>CROSS_COMPILE</filename> variable is the
+ same as the
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_PREFIX'><filename>TARGET_PREFIX</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ <note>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system sets the
+ <filename>CROSS_COMPILE</filename> variable only in
+ certain contexts (e.g. when building for kernel
+ and kernel module recipes).
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CVSDIR'><glossterm>CVSDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CVSDIR[doc] = "The directory where cvs checkouts will be stored in."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The directory in which files checked out under the
+ CVS system are stored.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CXX'><glossterm>CXX</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CXX[doc] = "Minimum command and arguments to run the C++ compiler."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments used to run the C++
+ compiler.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-CXXFLAGS'><glossterm>CXXFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ CXXFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the C++ compiler."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C++ compiler.
+ This variable is exported to an environment
+ variable and thus made visible to the software being
+ built during the compilation step.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Default initialization for <filename>CXXFLAGS</filename>
+ varies depending on what is being built:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_CXXFLAGS'><filename>TARGET_CXXFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for the target
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-BUILD_CXXFLAGS'><filename>BUILD_CXXFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for the build host (i.e.
+ <filename>-native</filename>)
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDSDK_CXXFLAGS'><filename>BUILDSDK_CXXFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for an SDK (i.e.
+ <filename>nativesdk</filename>)
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-d'><title>D</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-D'><glossterm>D</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ D[doc] = "The destination directory."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The destination directory.
+ The location in the <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ where components are installed by the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task.
+ This location defaults to:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${WORKDIR}/image
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DATE'><glossterm>DATE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DATE[doc] = "The date the build was started using YMD format."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The date the build was started.
+ Dates appear using the year, month, and day (YMD) format
+ (e.g. "20150209" for February 9th, 2015).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DATETIME'><glossterm>DATETIME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DATETIME[doc] = "The date and time the build was started."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The date and time on which the current build started.
+ The format is suitable for timestamps.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEBIAN_NOAUTONAME'><glossterm>DEBIAN_NOAUTONAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEBIAN_NOAUTONAME[doc] = "Prevents a particular package from being renamed according to Debian package naming."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-debian'><filename>debian</filename></link>
+ class is inherited, which is the default behavior,
+ <filename>DEBIAN_NOAUTONAME</filename> specifies a
+ particular package should not be renamed according to
+ Debian library package naming.
+ You must use the package name as an override when you
+ set this variable.
+ Here is an example from the <filename>fontconfig</filename>
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEBIAN_NOAUTONAME_fontconfig-utils = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEBIANNAME'><glossterm>DEBIANNAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEBIANNAME[doc] = "Allows you to override the library name for an individual package for Debian library package renaming."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-debian'><filename>debian</filename></link>
+ class is inherited, which is the default behavior,
+ <filename>DEBIANNAME</filename> allows you to override the
+ library name for an individual package.
+ Overriding the library name in these cases is rare.
+ You must use the package name as an override when you
+ set this variable.
+ Here is an example from the <filename>dbus</filename>
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEBIANNAME_${PN} = "dbus-1"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEBUG_BUILD'><glossterm>DEBUG_BUILD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEBUG_BUILD[doc] = "Specifies to build packages with debugging information. This influences the value of the SELECTED_OPTIMIZATION variable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies to build packages with debugging information.
+ This influences the value of the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-SELECTED_OPTIMIZATION'>SELECTED_OPTIMIZATION</link></filename>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEBUG_OPTIMIZATION'><glossterm>DEBUG_OPTIMIZATION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEBUG_OPTIMIZATION[doc] = "The options to pass in TARGET_CFLAGS and CFLAGS when compiling a system for debugging. This variable defaults to '-O -fno-omit-frame-pointer -g'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The options to pass in
+ <filename><link linkend='var-TARGET_CFLAGS'>TARGET_CFLAGS</link></filename>
+ and <filename><link linkend='var-CFLAGS'>CFLAGS</link></filename> when compiling
+ a system for debugging.
+ This variable defaults to "-O -fno-omit-frame-pointer ${DEBUG_FLAGS} -pipe".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEFAULT_PREFERENCE'><glossterm>DEFAULT_PREFERENCE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEFAULT_PREFERENCE[doc] = "Specifies a weak bias for recipe selection priority."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a weak bias for recipe selection priority.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The most common usage of this is variable is to set
+ it to "-1" within a recipe for a development version of a
+ piece of software.
+ Using the variable in this way causes the stable version
+ of the recipe to build by default in the absence of
+ <filename><link linkend='var-PREFERRED_VERSION'>PREFERRED_VERSION</link></filename>
+ being used to build the development version.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ The bias provided by <filename>DEFAULT_PREFERENCE</filename>
+ is weak and is overridden by
+ <filename><link linkend='var-BBFILE_PRIORITY'>BBFILE_PRIORITY</link></filename>
+ if that variable is different between two layers
+ that contain different versions of the same recipe.
+ </note>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEFAULTTUNE'><glossterm>DEFAULTTUNE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEFAULTTUNE[doc] = "The default CPU and Application Binary Interface (ABI) tunings (i.e. the "tune") used by the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The default CPU and Application Binary Interface (ABI)
+ tunings (i.e. the "tune") used by the OpenEmbedded build
+ system.
+ The <filename>DEFAULTTUNE</filename> helps define
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_FEATURES'><filename>TUNE_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default tune is either implicitly or explicitly set
+ by the machine
+ (<link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>).
+ However, you can override the setting using available tunes
+ as defined with
+ <link linkend='var-AVAILTUNES'><filename>AVAILTUNES</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEPENDS'><glossterm>DEPENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEPENDS[doc] = "Lists a recipe's build-time dependencies (i.e. other recipe files)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists a recipe's build-time dependencies
+ (i.e. other recipe files).
+ The system ensures that all the dependencies listed
+ have been built and have their contents in the appropriate
+ sysroots before the recipe's configure task is executed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Consider this simple example for two recipes named "a" and
+ "b" that produce similarly named packages.
+ In this example, the <filename>DEPENDS</filename>
+ statement appears in the "a" recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPENDS = "b"
+ </literallayout>
+ Here, the dependency is such that the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ task for recipe "a" depends on the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-populate_sysroot'><filename>do_populate_sysroot</filename></link>
+ task of recipe "b".
+ This means anything that recipe "b" puts into sysroot
+ is available when recipe "a" is configuring itself.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on runtime dependencies, see the
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEPLOY_DIR'><glossterm>DEPLOY_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEPLOY_DIR[doc] = "Points to the general area that the OpenEmbedded build system uses to place images, packages, SDKs and other output files that are ready to be used outside of the build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the general area that the OpenEmbedded build
+ system uses to place images, packages, SDKs and other output
+ files that are ready to be used outside of the build system.
+ By default, this directory resides within the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ as <filename>${TMPDIR}/deploy</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on the structure of the Build
+ Directory, see
+ "<link linkend='structure-build'>The Build Directory - <filename>build/</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ For more detail on the contents of the
+ <filename>deploy</filename> directory, see the
+ "<link linkend='images-dev-environment'>Images</link>",
+ "<link linkend='package-feeds-dev-environment'>Package Feeds</link>",
+ and
+ "<link linkend='sdk-dev-environment'>Application Development SDK</link>"
+ sections.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEPLOY_DIR_DEB'><glossterm>DEPLOY_DIR_DEB</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEPLOY_DIR_DEB[doc] = "Points to a Debian-specific area that the OpenEmbedded build system uses to place images, packages, SDKs and other output files that are ready to be used outside of the build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the area that the OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ to place Debian packages that are ready to be used outside
+ of the build system.
+ This variable applies only when
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ contains "package_deb".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The BitBake configuration file initially defines the
+ <filename>DEPLOY_DIR_DEB</filename> variable as a
+ sub-folder of
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR</filename></link>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPLOY_DIR_DEB = "${DEPLOY_DIR}/deb"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_deb'><filename>package_deb</filename></link>
+ class uses the
+ <filename>DEPLOY_DIR_DEB</filename> variable to make sure
+ the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package_write_deb'><filename>do_package_write_deb</filename></link>
+ task writes Debian packages into the appropriate folder.
+ For more information on how packaging works, see the
+ "<link linkend='package-feeds-dev-environment'>Package Feeds</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'><glossterm>DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE[doc] = "Points to the area that the OpenEmbedded build system uses to place images and other associated output files that are ready to be deployed onto the target machine."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the area that the OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ to place images and other associated output files that are
+ ready to be deployed onto the target machine.
+ The directory is machine-specific as it contains the
+ <filename>${MACHINE}</filename> name.
+ By default, this directory resides within the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ as <filename>${DEPLOY_DIR}/images/${MACHINE}/</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on the structure of the Build
+ Directory, see
+ "<link linkend='structure-build'>The Build Directory - <filename>build/</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ For more detail on the contents of the
+ <filename>deploy</filename> directory, see the
+ "<link linkend='images-dev-environment'>Images</link>" and
+ "<link linkend='sdk-dev-environment'>Application Development SDK</link>"
+ sections.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEPLOY_DIR_IPK'><glossterm>DEPLOY_DIR_IPK</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEPLOY_DIR_IPK[doc] = "Points to a IPK-specific area that the OpenEmbedded build system uses to place images, packages, SDKs and other output files that are ready to be used outside of the build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the area that the OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ to place IPK packages that are ready to be used outside of
+ the build system.
+ This variable applies only when
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ contains "package_ipk".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The BitBake configuration file initially defines this
+ variable as a sub-folder of
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR</filename></link>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPLOY_DIR_IPK = "${DEPLOY_DIR}/ipk"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_ipk'><filename>package_ipk</filename></link>
+ class uses the
+ <filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IPK</filename> variable to make sure
+ the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package_write_ipk'><filename>do_package_write_ipk</filename></link>
+ task writes IPK packages into the appropriate folder.
+ For more information on how packaging works, see the
+ "<link linkend='package-feeds-dev-environment'>Package Feeds</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEPLOY_DIR_RPM'><glossterm>DEPLOY_DIR_RPM</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEPLOY_DIR_RPM[doc] = "Points to a RPM-specific area that the OpenEmbedded build system uses to place images, packages, SDKs and other output files that are ready to be used outside of the build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the area that the OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ to place RPM packages that are ready to be used outside
+ of the build system.
+ This variable applies only when
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ contains "package_rpm".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The BitBake configuration file initially defines this
+ variable as a sub-folder of
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR</filename></link>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPLOY_DIR_RPM = "${DEPLOY_DIR}/rpm"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_rpm'><filename>package_rpm</filename></link>
+ class uses the
+ <filename>DEPLOY_DIR_RPM</filename> variable to make sure
+ the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package_write_rpm'><filename>do_package_write_rpm</filename></link>
+ task writes RPM packages into the appropriate folder.
+ For more information on how packaging works, see the
+ "<link linkend='package-feeds-dev-environment'>Package Feeds</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEPLOY_DIR_TAR'><glossterm>DEPLOY_DIR_TAR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEPLOY_DIR_TAR[doc] = "Points to a tarball area that the OpenEmbedded build system uses to place images, packages, SDKs and other output files that are ready to be used outside of the build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the area that the OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ to place tarballs that are ready to be used outside of
+ the build system.
+ This variable applies only when
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ contains "package_tar".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The BitBake configuration file initially defines this
+ variable as a sub-folder of
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR</filename></link>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPLOY_DIR_TAR = "${DEPLOY_DIR}/tar"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_tar'><filename>package_tar</filename></link>
+ class uses the
+ <filename>DEPLOY_DIR_TAR</filename> variable to make sure
+ the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package_write_tar'><filename>do_package_write_tar</filename></link>
+ task writes TAR packages into the appropriate folder.
+ For more information on how packaging works, see the
+ "<link linkend='package-feeds-dev-environment'>Package Feeds</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DEPLOYDIR'><glossterm>DEPLOYDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DEPLOYDIR[doc] = "For recipes that inherit the deploy class, the DEPLOYDIR points to a temporary work area for deployed files."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-deploy'><filename>deploy</filename></link>
+ class, the <filename>DEPLOYDIR</filename> points to a
+ temporary work area for deployed files that is set in the
+ <filename>deploy</filename> class as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPLOYDIR = "${WORKDIR}/deploy-${<link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link>}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Recipes inheriting the <filename>deploy</filename> class
+ should copy files to be deployed into
+ <filename>DEPLOYDIR</filename>, and the class will take
+ care of copying them into
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE</filename></link>
+ afterwards.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DESCRIPTION'><glossterm>DESCRIPTION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DESCRIPTION[doc] = "The package description used by package managers. If not set, DESCRIPTION takes the value of the SUMMARY variable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The package description used by package managers.
+ If not set, <filename>DESCRIPTION</filename> takes
+ the value of the
+ <link linkend='var-SUMMARY'><filename>SUMMARY</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISK_SIGNATURE'><glossterm>DISK_SIGNATURE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISK_SIGNATURE[doc] = "A 32-bit MBR disk signature used by directdisk images."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A 32-bit MBR disk signature used by
+ <filename>directdisk</filename> images.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the signature is set to an automatically
+ generated random value that allows the OpenEmbedded
+ build system to create a boot loader.
+ You can override the signature in the image recipe
+ by setting <filename>DISK_SIGNATURE</filename> to an
+ 8-digit hex string.
+ You might want to override
+ <filename>DISK_SIGNATURE</filename> if you want the disk
+ signature to remain constant between image builds.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When using Linux 3.8 or later, you can use
+ <filename>DISK_SIGNATURE</filename> to specify the root
+ by UUID to allow the kernel to locate the root device
+ even if the device name changes due to differences in
+ hardware configuration.
+ By default, <filename>SYSLINUX_ROOT</filename> is set
+ as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SYSLINUX_ROOT = "root=/dev/sda2"
+ </literallayout>
+ However, you can change this to locate the root device
+ using the disk signature instead:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SYSLINUX_ROOT = "root=PARTUUID=${DISK_SIGNATURE}-02"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As previously mentioned, it is possible to set the
+ <filename>DISK_SIGNATURE</filename> variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file to a fixed
+ value if you do not want <filename>syslinux.cfg</filename>
+ changing for each build.
+ You might find this useful when you want to upgrade the
+ root filesystem on a device without having to recreate or
+ modify the master boot record.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTRO'><glossterm>DISTRO</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTRO[doc] = "The short name of the distribution. If the variable is blank, meta/conf/distro/defaultsetup.conf will be used."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The short name of the distribution.
+ This variable corresponds to a distribution
+ configuration file whose root name is the same as the
+ variable's argument and whose filename extension is
+ <filename>.conf</filename>.
+ For example, the distribution configuration file for the
+ Poky distribution is named <filename>poky.conf</filename>
+ and resides in the
+ <filename>meta-yocto/conf/distro</filename> directory of
+ the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Within that <filename>poky.conf</filename> file, the
+ <filename>DISTRO</filename> variable is set as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DISTRO = "poky"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Distribution configuration files are located in a
+ <filename>conf/distro</filename> directory within the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ that contains the distribution configuration.
+ The value for <filename>DISTRO</filename> must not contain
+ spaces, and is typically all lower-case.
+ <note>
+ If the <filename>DISTRO</filename> variable is blank, a set
+ of default configurations are used, which are specified
+ within
+ <filename>meta/conf/distro/defaultsetup.conf</filename>
+ also in the Source Directory.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTRO_CODENAME'><glossterm>DISTRO_CODENAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTRO_CODENAME[doc] = "Specifies a codename for the distribution being built."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a codename for the distribution being built.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTRO_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'><glossterm>DISTRO_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTRO_EXTRA_RDEPENDS[doc] = "Specifies a list of distro-specific packages to add to all images. The variable only applies to the images that include packagegroup-base."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of distro-specific packages to add to all images.
+ This variable takes affect through
+ <filename>packagegroup-base</filename> so the
+ variable only really applies to the more full-featured
+ images that include <filename>packagegroup-base</filename>.
+ You can use this variable to keep distro policy out of
+ generic images.
+ As with all other distro variables, you set this variable
+ in the distro <filename>.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTRO_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'><glossterm>DISTRO_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTRO_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS[doc] = "Specifies a list of distro-specific packages to add to all images if the packages exist. The list of packages are automatically installed but you can remove them."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of distro-specific packages to add to all images
+ if the packages exist.
+ The packages might not exist or be empty (e.g. kernel modules).
+ The list of packages are automatically installed but you can
+ remove them.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><glossterm>DISTRO_FEATURES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTRO_FEATURES[doc] = "The features enabled for the distribution."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The software support you want in your distribution for
+ various features.
+ You define your distribution features in the distribution
+ configuration file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In most cases, the presence or absence of a feature in
+ <filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename> is translated to the
+ appropriate option supplied to the configure script
+ during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ task for recipes that optionally support the feature.
+ For example, specifying "x11" in
+ <filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename>, causes
+ every piece of software built for the target that can
+ optionally support X11 to have its X11 support enabled.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Two more examples are Bluetooth and NFS support.
+ For a more complete list of features that ships with the
+ Yocto Project and that you can provide with this variable,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-features-distro'>Distro Features</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL'><glossterm>DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL[doc] = "Features to be added to DISTRO_FEATURES if not also present in DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED. This variable is set in the meta/conf/bitbake.conf file and it is not intended to be user-configurable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Features to be added to
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'>DISTRO_FEATURES</link></filename>
+ if not also present in
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED'>DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED</link></filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is set in the <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> file.
+ It is not intended to be user-configurable.
+ It is best to just reference the variable to see which distro features are
+ being backfilled for all distro configurations.
+ See the <link linkend='ref-features-backfill'>Feature backfilling</link> section for
+ more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED'><glossterm>DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED[doc] = "Features from DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL that should not be backfilled (i.e. added to DISTRO_FEATURES) during the build."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Features from
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL'>DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL</link></filename>
+ that should not be backfilled (i.e. added to
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'>DISTRO_FEATURES</link></filename>)
+ during the build.
+ See the "<link linkend='ref-features-backfill'>Feature Backfilling</link>" section for
+ more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTRO_FEATURES_DEFAULT'><glossterm>DISTRO_FEATURES_DEFAULT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTRO_FEATURES_DEFAULT[doc] = "Provides the default list of distro features with the exception of any libc-specific features."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A convenience variable that gives you the default
+ list of distro features with the exception of any
+ features specific to the C library
+ (<filename>libc</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When creating a custom distribution, you might find it
+ useful to be able to reuse the default
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ options without the need to write out the full set.
+ Here is an example that uses
+ <filename>DISTRO_FEATURES_DEFAULT</filename> from a
+ custom distro configuration file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DISTRO_FEATURES ?= "${DISTRO_FEATURES_DEFAULT} ${DISTRO_FEATURES_LIBC} myfeature"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTRO_FEATURES_LIBC'><glossterm>DISTRO_FEATURES_LIBC</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTRO_FEATURES_LIBC[doc] = "Specifies the list of distro features that are specific to the C library (libc)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A convenience variable that specifies the list of distro
+ features that are specific to the C library
+ (<filename>libc</filename>).
+ Typically, these features are prefixed with "libc-" and
+ control which features are enabled at during the build
+ within the C library itself.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTRO_NAME'><glossterm>DISTRO_NAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTRO_NAME[doc] = "The long name of the distribution."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The long name of the distribution.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTRO_VERSION'><glossterm>DISTRO_VERSION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTRO_VERSION[doc] = "The version of the distribution."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The version of the distribution.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DISTROOVERRIDES'><glossterm>DISTROOVERRIDES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DISTROOVERRIDES[doc] = "Lists overrides specific to the current distribution. By default, the variable list includes the value of the DISTRO variable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ This variable lists overrides specific to the current
+ distribution.
+ By default, the variable list includes the value of the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DISTRO'>DISTRO</link></filename>
+ variable.
+ You can extend the variable to apply any variable overrides
+ you want as part of the distribution and are not
+ already in <filename>OVERRIDES</filename> through
+ some other means.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DL_DIR'><glossterm>DL_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DL_DIR[doc] = "The central download directory used by the build process to store downloads. By default, the directory is 'downloads' in the Build Directory."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The central download directory used by the build process to
+ store downloads.
+ By default, <filename>DL_DIR</filename> gets files
+ suitable for mirroring for everything except Git
+ repositories.
+ If you want tarballs of Git repositories, use the
+ <link linkend='var-BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS'><filename>BB_GENERATE_MIRROR_TARBALLS</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can set this directory by defining the
+ <filename>DL_DIR</filename> variable in the
+ <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> file.
+ This directory is self-maintaining and you should not have
+ to touch it.
+ By default, the directory is <filename>downloads</filename>
+ in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ #DL_DIR ?= "${TOPDIR}/downloads"
+ </literallayout>
+ To specify a different download directory, simply remove
+ the comment from the line and provide your directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ During a first build, the system downloads many different
+ source code tarballs from various upstream projects.
+ Downloading can take a while, particularly if your network
+ connection is slow.
+ Tarballs are all stored in the directory defined by
+ <filename>DL_DIR</filename> and the build system looks there
+ first to find source tarballs.
+ <note>
+ When wiping and rebuilding, you can preserve this
+ directory to speed up this part of subsequent
+ builds.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can safely share this directory between multiple builds
+ on the same development machine.
+ For additional information on how the build process gets
+ source files when working behind a firewall or proxy server,
+ see this specific question in the
+ "<link linkend='how-does-the-yocto-project-obtain-source-code-and-will-it-work-behind-my-firewall-or-proxy-server'>FAQ</link>"
+ chapter.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-DOC_COMPRESS'><glossterm>DOC_COMPRESS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ DOC_COMPRESS[doc] = "When inheriting the compress_doc class, this variable sets the compression policy used when the OpenEmbedded build system compresses man pages and info pages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-compress_doc'><filename>compress_doc</filename></link>
+ class, this variable sets the compression policy used when
+ the OpenEmbedded build system compresses man pages and info
+ pages.
+ By default, the compression method used is gz (gzip).
+ Other policies available are xz and bz2.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on policies and on how to use this
+ variable, see the comments in the
+ <filename>meta/classes/compress_doc.bbclass</filename> file.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-e'><title>E</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EFI_PROVIDER'><glossterm>EFI_PROVIDER</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EFI_PROVIDER[doc] = "When building bootable images (i.e. where hddimg or vmdk is in IMAGE_FSTYPES), the EFI_PROVIDER variable specifies the EFI bootloader to use."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When building bootable images (i.e. where
+ <filename>hddimg</filename> or <filename>vmdk</filename>
+ is in
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>),
+ the <filename>EFI_PROVIDER</filename> variable specifies
+ the EFI bootloader to use.
+ The default is "grub-efi", but "gummiboot" can be used
+ instead.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-gummiboot'><filename>gummiboot</filename></link>
+ class for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ENABLE_BINARY_LOCALE_GENERATION'><glossterm>ENABLE_BINARY_LOCALE_GENERATION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ENABLE_BINARY_LOCALE_GENERATION[doc] = "Controls which locales for glibc are generated during the build. The variable is useful if the target device has 64Mbytes of RAM or less."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Variable that controls which locales for
+ <filename>glibc</filename> are generated during the
+ build (useful if the target device has 64Mbytes
+ of RAM or less).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ERR_REPORT_DIR'><glossterm>ERR_REPORT_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ERR_REPORT_DIR[doc] = "When used with the report-error class, specifies the path used for storing the debug files created by the error reporting tool, which allows you to submit build errors you encounter to a central database."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When used with the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-report-error'><filename>report-error</filename></link>
+ class, specifies the path used for storing the debug files
+ created by the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#using-the-error-reporting-tool'>error reporting tool</ulink>,
+ which allows you to submit build errors you encounter to a
+ central database.
+ By default, the value of this variable is
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-LOG_DIR'><filename>LOG_DIR</filename></link><filename>}/error-report</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can set <filename>ERR_REPORT_DIR</filename> to the path
+ you want the error reporting tool to store the debug files
+ as follows in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ERR_REPORT_DIR = "<replaceable>path</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ERROR_QA'><glossterm>ERROR_QA</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ERROR_QA[doc] = "Specifies the quality assurance checks whose failures are reported as errors by the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the quality assurance checks whose failures are
+ reported as errors by the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ You set this variable in your distribution configuration
+ file.
+ For a list of the checks you can control with this variable,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXCLUDE_FROM_WORLD'><glossterm>EXCLUDE_FROM_WORLD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXCLUDE_FROM_WORLD[doc] = "Directs BitBake to exclude a recipe from world builds (i.e. bitbake world)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Directs BitBake to exclude a recipe from world builds (i.e.
+ <filename>bitbake world</filename>).
+ During world builds, BitBake locates, parses and builds all
+ recipes found in every layer exposed in the
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> configuration file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To exclude a recipe from a world build using this variable,
+ set the variable to "1" in the recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Recipes added to <filename>EXCLUDE_FROM_WORLD</filename>
+ may still be built during a world build in order to satisfy
+ dependencies of other recipes.
+ Adding a recipe to <filename>EXCLUDE_FROM_WORLD</filename>
+ only ensures that the recipe is not explicitly added
+ to the list of build targets in a world build.
+ </note>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTENDPE'><glossterm>EXTENDPE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTENDPE[doc] = "Used with file and pathnames to create a prefix for a recipe's version based on the recipe's PE value. If PE is set and greater than zero for a recipe, EXTENDPE becomes that value."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Used with file and pathnames to create a prefix for a recipe's
+ version based on the recipe's
+ <link linkend='var-PE'><filename>PE</filename></link> value.
+ If <filename>PE</filename> is set and greater than zero for a recipe,
+ <filename>EXTENDPE</filename> becomes that value (e.g if
+ <filename>PE</filename> is equal to "1" then <filename>EXTENDPE</filename>
+ becomes "1_").
+ If a recipe's <filename>PE</filename> is not set (the default) or is equal to
+ zero, <filename>EXTENDPE</filename> becomes "".</para>
+ <para>See the <link linkend='var-STAMP'><filename>STAMP</filename></link>
+ variable for an example.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTENDPKGV'><glossterm>EXTENDPKGV</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTENDPKGV[doc] = "The full package version specification as it appears on the final packages produced by a recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The full package version specification as it appears on the
+ final packages produced by a recipe.
+ The variable's value is normally used to fix a runtime
+ dependency to the exact same version of another package
+ in the same recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RDEPENDS_${PN}-additional-module = "${PN} (= ${EXTENDPKGV})"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The dependency relationships are intended to force the
+ package manager to upgrade these types of packages in
+ lock-step.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTERNAL_KERNEL_TOOLS'><glossterm>EXTERNAL_KERNEL_TOOLS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTERNAL_KERNEL_TOOLS[doc] = "Indicates kernel tools are external to the source tree."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When set, the <filename>EXTERNAL_KERNEL_TOOLS</filename>
+ variable indicates that these tools are not in the
+ source tree.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When kernel tools are available in the tree, they are
+ preferred over any externally installed tools.
+ Setting the <filename>EXTERNAL_KERNEL_TOOLS</filename>
+ variable tells the OpenEmbedded build system to prefer
+ the installed external tools.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-kernel-yocto'><filename>kernel-yocto</filename></link>
+ class in <filename>meta/classes</filename> to see how
+ the variable is used.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTERNALSRC'><glossterm>EXTERNALSRC</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTERNALSRC[doc] = "If externalsrc.bbclass is inherited, this variable points to the source tree, which is outside of the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-externalsrc'><filename>externalsrc</filename></link>
+ class, this variable points to the source tree, which is
+ outside of the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ When set, this variable sets the
+ <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link>
+ variable, which is what the OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ to locate unpacked recipe source code.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on
+ <filename>externalsrc.bbclass</filename>, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-externalsrc'><filename>externalsrc.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ You can also find information on how to use this variable
+ in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#building-software-from-an-external-source'>Building Software from an External Source</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTERNALSRC_BUILD'><glossterm>EXTERNALSRC_BUILD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTERNALSRC_BUILD[doc] = "If externalsrc.bbclass is inherited, this variable points to the directory in which the recipe's source code is built, which is outside of the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-externalsrc'><filename>externalsrc</filename></link>
+ class, this variable points to the directory in which the
+ recipe's source code is built, which is outside of the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ When set, this variable sets the
+ <link linkend='var-B'><filename>B</filename></link>
+ variable, which is what the OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ to locate the Build Directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on
+ <filename>externalsrc.bbclass</filename>, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-externalsrc'><filename>externalsrc.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ You can also find information on how to use this variable
+ in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#building-software-from-an-external-source'>Building Software from an External Source</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTRA_AUTORECONF'><glossterm>EXTRA_AUTORECONF</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTRA_AUTORECONF[doc] = "Extra options passed to the autoreconf command, which is executed during do_configure."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ For recipes inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></link>
+ class, you can use <filename>EXTRA_AUTORECONF</filename> to
+ specify extra options to pass to the
+ <filename>autoreconf</filename> command that is
+ executed during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ task.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value is "--exclude=autopoint".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES'><glossterm>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES[doc] = "The list of additional features to include in an image. Configure this variable in the conf/local.conf file in the Build Directory."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of additional features to include in an image.
+ When listing more than one feature, separate them with
+ a space.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Typically, you configure this variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file, which is found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ Although you can use this variable from within a recipe,
+ best practices dictate that you do not.
+ <note>
+ To enable primary features from within the image
+ recipe, use the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some examples of features you can add:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+"dbg-pkgs" - Adds -dbg packages for all installed packages
+ including symbol information for debugging and
+ profiling.
+
+"debug-tweaks" - Makes an image suitable for debugging.
+ For example, allows root logins without
+ passwords and enables post-installation
+ logging. See the 'allow-empty-password'
+ and 'post-install-logging' features in
+ the "<link linkend='ref-features-image'>Image Features</link>" section for
+ more information.
+
+"dev-pkgs" - Adds -dev packages for all installed packages.
+ This is useful if you want to develop against
+ the libraries in the image.
+
+"read-only-rootfs" - Creates an image whose root
+ filesystem is read-only. See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#creating-a-read-only-root-filesystem'>Creating a Read-Only Root Filesystem</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project
+ Development Manual for more
+ information
+
+"tools-debug" - Adds debugging tools such as gdb and
+ strace.
+
+"tools-profile" - Adds profiling tools such as oprofile,
+ exmap, lttng and valgrind (x86 only).
+
+"tools-sdk" - Adds development tools such as gcc, make,
+ pkgconfig and so forth.
+
+"tools-testapps" - Adds useful testing tools such as
+ ts_print, aplay, arecord and so
+ forth.
+
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For a complete list of image features that ships with the
+ Yocto Project, see the
+ "<link linkend="ref-features-image">Image Features</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For an example that shows how to customize your image by
+ using this variable, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#usingpoky-extend-customimage-imagefeatures'>Customizing Images Using Custom <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> and <filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTRA_IMAGECMD'><glossterm>EXTRA_IMAGECMD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTRA_IMAGECMD[doc] = "Specifies additional options for the image creation command that has been specified in IMAGE_CMD. When setting this variable, you should use an override for the associated type."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies additional options for the image
+ creation command that has been specified in
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_CMD'><filename>IMAGE_CMD</filename></link>.
+ When setting this variable, you should
+ use an override for the associated type.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ EXTRA_IMAGECMD_ext3 ?= "-i 4096"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTRA_IMAGEDEPENDS'><glossterm>EXTRA_IMAGEDEPENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTRA_IMAGEDEPENDS[doc] = "A list of recipes to build that do not provide packages for installing into the root filesystem. Use this variable to list recipes that are required to build the final image, but not needed in the root filesystem."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of recipes to build that do not provide packages
+ for installing into the root filesystem.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Sometimes a recipe is required to build the final image but is not
+ needed in the root filesystem.
+ You can use the <filename>EXTRA_IMAGEDEPENDS</filename> variable to
+ list these recipes and thus specify the dependencies.
+ A typical example is a required bootloader in a machine configuration.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ To add packages to the root filesystem, see the various
+ <filename>*<link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'>RDEPENDS</link></filename>
+ and <filename>*<link linkend='var-RRECOMMENDS'>RRECOMMENDS</link></filename>
+ variables.
+ </note>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTRA_OECMAKE'><glossterm>EXTRA_OECMAKE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTRA_OECMAKE[doc] = "Additional cmake options."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Additional <filename>cmake</filename> options.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTRA_OECONF'><glossterm>EXTRA_OECONF</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTRA_OECONF[doc] = "Additional configure script options."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Additional <filename>configure</filename> script options.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTRA_OEMAKE'><glossterm>EXTRA_OEMAKE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTRA_OEMAKE[doc] = "Additional GNU make options."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Additional GNU <filename>make</filename> options.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTRA_OESCONS'><glossterm>EXTRA_OESCONS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTRA_OESCONS[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the scons class, this variable specifies additional configuration options you want to pass to the scons command line."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-scons'><filename>scons</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies additional configuration
+ options you want to pass to the
+ <filename>scons</filename> command line.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTRA_QMAKEVARS_POST'><glossterm>EXTRA_QMAKEVARS_POST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTRA_QMAKEVARS_POST[doc] = "Configuration variables or options you want to pass to qmake when the arguments need to be after the .pro file list on the command line."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Configuration variables or options you want to pass to
+ <filename>qmake</filename>.
+ Use this variable when the arguments need to be after the
+ <filename>.pro</filename> file list on the command line.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is used with recipes that inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-qmake*'><filename>qmake_base</filename></link>
+ class or other classes that inherit
+ <filename>qmake_base</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTRA_QMAKEVARS_PRE'><glossterm>EXTRA_QMAKEVARS_PRE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTRA_QMAKEVARS_PRE[doc] = "Configuration variables or options you want to pass to qmake when the arguments need to be before the .pro file list on the command line."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Configuration variables or options you want to pass to
+ <filename>qmake</filename>.
+ Use this variable when the arguments need to be before the
+ <filename>.pro</filename> file list on the command line.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is used with recipes that inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-qmake*'><filename>qmake_base</filename></link>
+ class or other classes that inherit
+ <filename>qmake_base</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS'><glossterm>EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the extrausers class, this variable provides image level user and group operations."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-extrausers'><filename>extrausers</filename></link>
+ class, this variable provides image level user and group
+ operations.
+ This is a more global method of providing user and group
+ configuration as compared to using the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-useradd'><filename>useradd</filename></link>
+ class, which ties user and group configurations to a
+ specific recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The set list of commands you can configure using the
+ <filename>EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS</filename> is shown in the
+ <filename>extrausers</filename> class.
+ These commands map to the normal Unix commands of the same
+ names:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS = "\
+ # useradd -p '' tester; \
+ # groupadd developers; \
+ # userdel nobody; \
+ # groupdel -g video; \
+ # groupmod -g 1020 developers; \
+ # usermod -s /bin/sh tester; \
+ # "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-f'><title>F</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-FEATURE_PACKAGES'><glossterm>FEATURE_PACKAGES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ FEATURE_PACKAGES[doc] = "Defines one or more packages to include in an image when a specific item is included in IMAGE_FEATURES. When setting the value, FEATURE_PACKAGES should have the name of the feature item as an override."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines one or more packages to include in an image when
+ a specific item is included in
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ When setting the value, <filename>FEATURE_PACKAGES</filename>
+ should have the name of the feature item as an override.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FEATURE_PACKAGES_widget = "<replaceable>package1</replaceable> <replaceable>package2</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In this example, if "widget" were added to
+ <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename>, <replaceable>package1</replaceable> and
+ <replaceable>package2</replaceable> would be included in the image.
+ <note>
+ Packages installed by features defined through
+ <filename>FEATURE_PACKAGES</filename> are often package
+ groups.
+ While similarly named, you should not confuse the
+ <filename>FEATURE_PACKAGES</filename> variable with
+ package groups, which are discussed elsewhere in the
+ documentation.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-FEED_DEPLOYDIR_BASE_URI'><glossterm>FEED_DEPLOYDIR_BASE_URI</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ FEED_DEPLOYDIR_BASE_URI[doc] = "Allow to serve ipk deploy directory as an ad hoc feed (bogofeed). Set to base URL of the directory as exported by HTTP. Set of ad hoc feed configs will be generated in the image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the base URL of the server and location within
+ the document-root that provides the metadata and
+ packages required by OPKG to support runtime package
+ management of IPK packages.
+ You set this variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Consider the following example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FEED_DEPLOYDIR_BASE_URI = "http://192.168.7.1/BOARD-dir"
+ </literallayout>
+ This example assumes you are serving your packages over
+ HTTP and your databases are located in a directory
+ named <filename>BOARD-dir</filename>, which is underneath
+ your HTTP server's document-root.
+ In this case, the OpenEmbedded build system generates a set
+ of configuration files for you in your target that work
+ with the feed.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-FILES'><glossterm>FILES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ FILES[doc] = "The list of directories or files that are placed in packages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The list of directories or files that are placed in packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use the <filename>FILES</filename> variable, provide a
+ package name override that identifies the resulting package.
+ Then, provide a space-separated list of files or paths
+ that identify the files you want included as part of the
+ resulting package.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILES_${PN} += "${bindir}/mydir1/ ${bindir}/mydir2/myfile"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ When specifying paths as part of the
+ <filename>FILES</filename> variable, it is good practice
+ to use appropriate path variables.
+ For example, use <filename>${sysconfdir}</filename> rather
+ than <filename>/etc</filename>, or
+ <filename>${bindir}</filename> rather than
+ <filename>/usr/bin</filename>.
+ You can find a list of these variables at the top of the
+ <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ If some of the files you provide with the
+ <filename>FILES</filename> variable are editable and you
+ know they should not be overwritten during the package
+ update process by the Package Management System (PMS), you
+ can identify these files so that the PMS will not
+ overwrite them.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-CONFFILES'><filename>CONFFILES</filename></link>
+ variable for information on how to identify these files to
+ the PMS.
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-FILES_SOLIBSDEV'><glossterm>FILES_SOLIBSDEV</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ FILES_SOLIBSDEV[doc] = "Defines the full path name of the development symbolic link (symlink) for shared libraries on the target platform."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the file specification to match
+ <link linkend='var-SOLIBSDEV'><filename>SOLIBSDEV</filename></link>.
+ In other words, <filename>FILES_SOLIBSDEV</filename>
+ defines the full path name of the development symbolic link
+ (symlink) for shared libraries on the target platform.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following statement from the
+ <filename>bitbake.conf</filename> shows how it is set:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILES_SOLIBSDEV ?= "${base_libdir}/lib*${SOLIBSDEV} ${libdir}/lib*${SOLIBSDEV}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><glossterm>FILESEXTRAPATHS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS[doc] = "Extends the search path the OpenEmbedded build system uses when looking for files and patches as it processes recipes and append files."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Extends the search path the OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ when looking for files and patches as it processes recipes
+ and append files.
+ The default directories BitBake uses when it processes
+ recipes are initially defined by the
+ <link linkend='var-FILESPATH'><filename>FILESPATH</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ You can extend <filename>FILESPATH</filename> variable
+ by using <filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Best practices dictate that you accomplish this by using
+ <filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename> from within a
+ <filename>.bbappend</filename> file and that you prepend
+ paths as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/${PN}:"
+ </literallayout>
+ In the above example, the build system first looks for files
+ in a directory that has the same name as the corresponding
+ append file.
+ <note>
+ <para>When extending <filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename>,
+ be sure to use the immediate expansion
+ (<filename>:=</filename>) operator.
+ Immediate expansion makes sure that BitBake evaluates
+ <link linkend='var-THISDIR'><filename>THISDIR</filename></link>
+ at the time the directive is encountered rather than at
+ some later time when expansion might result in a
+ directory that does not contain the files you need.
+ </para>
+ <para>Also, include the trailing separating colon
+ character if you are prepending.
+ The trailing colon character is necessary because you
+ are directing BitBake to extend the path by prepending
+ directories to the search path.</para>
+ </note>
+ Here is another common use:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/files:"
+ </literallayout>
+ In this example, the build system extends the
+ <filename>FILESPATH</filename> variable to include a
+ directory named <filename>files</filename> that is in the
+ same directory as the corresponding append file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is a final example that specifically adds three paths:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "path_1:path_2:path_3:"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By prepending paths in <filename>.bbappend</filename>
+ files, you allow multiple append files that reside in
+ different layers but are used for the same recipe to
+ correctly extend the path.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-FILESOVERRIDES'><glossterm>FILESOVERRIDES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ FILESOVERRIDES[doc] = "A subset of OVERRIDES used by the OpenEmbedded build system for creating FILESPATH."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A subset of <link linkend='var-OVERRIDES'><filename>OVERRIDES</filename></link>
+ used by the OpenEmbedded build system for creating
+ <link linkend='var-FILESPATH'><filename>FILESPATH</filename></link>.
+ You can find more information on how overrides are handled
+ in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;'>BitBake Manual</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the <filename>FILESOVERRIDES</filename>
+ variable is defined as:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESOVERRIDES = "${TRANSLATED_TARGET_ARCH}:${MACHINEOVERRIDES}:${DISTROOVERRIDES}"
+ </literallayout>
+
+ <note>
+ Do not hand-edit the <filename>FILESOVERRIDES</filename>
+ variable.
+ The values match up with expected overrides and are
+ used in an expected manner by the build system.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-FILESPATH'><glossterm>FILESPATH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ FILESPATH[doc] = "The default set of directories the OpenEmbedded build system uses when searching for patches and files. It is defined in the base.bbclass class found in meta/classes in the Source Directory. Do not hand-edit the FILESPATH variable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The default set of directories the OpenEmbedded build system
+ uses when searching for patches and files.
+ During the build process, BitBake searches each directory in
+ <filename>FILESPATH</filename> in the specified order when
+ looking for files and patches specified by each
+ <filename>file://</filename> URI in a recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value for the <filename>FILESPATH</filename>
+ variable is defined in the <filename>base.bbclass</filename>
+ class found in <filename>meta/classes</filename> in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ FILESPATH = "${@base_set_filespath(["${FILE_DIRNAME}/${BP}", \
+ "${FILE_DIRNAME}/${BPN}", "${FILE_DIRNAME}/files"], d)}"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ Do not hand-edit the <filename>FILESPATH</filename>
+ variable.
+ If you want the build system to look in directories
+ other than the defaults, extend the
+ <filename>FILESPATH</filename> variable by using the
+ <link linkend='var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </note>
+ Be aware that the default <filename>FILESPATH</filename>
+ directories do not map to directories in custom layers
+ where append files (<filename>.bbappend</filename>)
+ are used.
+ If you want the build system to find patches or files
+ that reside with your append files, you need to extend
+ the <filename>FILESPATH</filename> variable by using
+ the
+ <link linkend='var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-FILESYSTEM_PERMS_TABLES'><glossterm>FILESYSTEM_PERMS_TABLES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ FILESYSTEM_PERMS_TABLES[doc] = "Allows you to define your own file permissions settings table as part of your configuration for the packaging process."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Allows you to define your own file permissions settings table as part of
+ your configuration for the packaging process.
+ For example, suppose you need a consistent set of custom permissions for
+ a set of groups and users across an entire work project.
+ It is best to do this in the packages themselves but this is not always
+ possible.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system uses the <filename>fs-perms.txt</filename>, which
+ is located in the <filename>meta/files</filename> folder in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ If you create your own file permissions setting table, you should place it in your
+ layer or the distro's layer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You define the <filename>FILESYSTEM_PERMS_TABLES</filename> variable in the
+ <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> file, which is found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>, to
+ point to your custom <filename>fs-perms.txt</filename>.
+ You can specify more than a single file permissions setting table.
+ The paths you specify to these files must be defined within the
+ <link linkend='var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></link> variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For guidance on how to create your own file permissions settings table file,
+ examine the existing <filename>fs-perms.txt</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-FONT_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'><glossterm>FONT_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ FONT_EXTRA_RDEPENDS[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the fontcache class, this variable specifies runtime dependencies for font packages. This variable defaults to 'fontconfig-utils'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-fontcache'><filename>fontcache</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies the runtime dependencies
+ for font packages.
+ By default, the <filename>FONT_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</filename>
+ is set to "fontconfig-utils".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-FONT_PACKAGES'><glossterm>FONT_PACKAGES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ FONT_PACKAGES[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the fontcache class, this variable identifies packages containing font files that need to be cached by Fontconfig."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-fontcache'><filename>fontcache</filename></link>
+ class, this variable identifies packages containing font
+ files that need to be cached by Fontconfig.
+ By default, the <filename>fontcache</filename> class assumes
+ that fonts are in the recipe's main package
+ (i.e. <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link><filename>}</filename>).
+ Use this variable if fonts you need are in a package
+ other than that main package.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-FULL_OPTIMIZATION'><glossterm>FULL_OPTIMIZATION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ FULL_OPTIMIZATION[doc]= "The options to pass in TARGET_CFLAGS and CFLAGS when compiling an optimized system. This variable defaults to '-fexpensive-optimizations -fomit-frame-pointer -frename-registers -O2'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The options to pass in
+ <filename><link linkend='var-TARGET_CFLAGS'>TARGET_CFLAGS</link></filename>
+ and <filename><link linkend='var-CFLAGS'>CFLAGS</link></filename>
+ when compiling an optimized system.
+ This variable defaults to
+ "-O2 -pipe ${DEBUG_FLAGS}".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-g'><title>G</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GDB'><glossterm>GDB</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GDB[doc] = "The minimal command and arguments to run the GNU Debugger."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments to run the GNU Debugger.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GITDIR'><glossterm>GITDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GITDIR[doc] = "The directory where Git clones will be stored."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The directory in which a local copy of a Git repository
+ is stored when it is cloned.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GLIBC_GENERATE_LOCALES'><glossterm>GLIBC_GENERATE_LOCALES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GLIBC_GENERATE_LOCALES[doc]= "Specifies the list of GLIBC locales to generate should you not wish generate all LIBC locals, which can be time consuming."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the list of GLIBC locales to generate should you
+ not wish generate all LIBC locals, which can be time
+ consuming.
+ <note>
+ If you specifically remove the locale
+ <filename>en_US.UTF-8</filename>, you must set
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_LINGUAS'><filename>IMAGE_LINGUAS</filename></link>
+ appropriately.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can set <filename>GLIBC_GENERATE_LOCALES</filename>
+ in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ By default, all locales are generated.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ GLIBC_GENERATE_LOCALES = "en_GB.UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GROUPADD_PARAM'><glossterm>GROUPADD_PARAM</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GROUPADD_PARAM[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the useradd class, this variable specifies for a package what parameters should be passed to the groupadd command if you wish to add a group to the system when the package is installed."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-useradd'><filename>useradd</filename></link>
+ class, this variable
+ specifies for a package what parameters should be passed
+ to the <filename>groupadd</filename> command
+ if you wish to add a group to the system when the package
+ is installed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example from the <filename>dbus</filename>
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ GROUPADD_PARAM_${PN} = "-r netdev"
+ </literallayout>
+ For information on the standard Linux shell command
+ <filename>groupadd</filename>, see
+ <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/8/groupadd'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GROUPMEMS_PARAM'><glossterm>GROUPMEMS_PARAM</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GROUPMEMS_PARAM[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the useradd class, this variable specifies for a package what parameters should be passed to the groupmems command if you wish to modify the members of a group when the package is installed."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-useradd'><filename>useradd</filename></link>
+ class, this variable
+ specifies for a package what parameters should be passed
+ to the <filename>groupmems</filename> command
+ if you wish to modify the members of a group when the
+ package is installed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on the standard Linux shell command
+ <filename>groupmems</filename>, see
+ <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/8/groupmems'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GRUB_GFXSERIAL'><glossterm>GRUB_GFXSERIAL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GRUB_GFXSERIAL[doc] = "Configures the GNU GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) to have graphics and serial in the boot menu."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Configures the GNU GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) to have
+ graphics and serial in the boot menu.
+ Set this variable to "1" in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> or distribution
+ configuration file to enable graphics and serial
+ in the menu.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-grub-efi'><filename>grub-efi</filename></link>
+ class for more information on how this variable is used.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GRUB_OPTS'><glossterm>GRUB_OPTS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GRUB_OPTS[doc] = "Additional options to add to the GNU GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) configuration."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Additional options to add to the GNU GRand Unified
+ Bootloader (GRUB) configuration.
+ Use a semi-colon character (<filename>;</filename>) to
+ separate multiple options.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>GRUB_OPTS</filename> variable is optional.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-grub-efi'><filename>grub-efi</filename></link>
+ class for more information on how this variable is used.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GRUB_TIMEOUT'><glossterm>GRUB_TIMEOUT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GRUB_TIMEOUT[doc] = "Specifies the timeout before executing the default LABEL in the GNU GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the timeout before executing the default
+ <filename>LABEL</filename> in the GNU GRand Unified
+ Bootloader (GRUB).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>GRUB_TIMEOUT</filename> variable is optional.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-grub-efi'><filename>grub-efi</filename></link>
+ class for more information on how this variable is used.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GTKIMMODULES_PACKAGES'><glossterm>GTKIMMODULES_PACKAGES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GTKIMMODULES_PACKAGES[doc] = "For recipes that inherit the gtk-immodules-cache class, this variable specifies the packages that contain the GTK+ input method modules being installed when the modules are in packages other than the main package."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-gtk-immodules-cache'><filename>gtk-immodules-cache</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies the packages that contain the
+ GTK+ input method modules being installed when the modules
+ are in packages other than the main package.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GUMMIBOOT_CFG'><glossterm>GUMMIBOOT_CFG</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GUMMIBOOT_CFG[doc] = "When EFI_PROVIDER is set to "gummiboot", the GUMMIBOOT_CFG variable specifies the configuration file that should be used."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When
+ <link linkend='var-EFI_PROVIDER'><filename>EFI_PROVIDER</filename></link>
+ is set to "gummiboot", the
+ <filename>GUMMIBOOT_CFG</filename> variable specifies the
+ configuration file that should be used.
+ By default, the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-gummiboot'><filename>gummiboot</filename></link>
+ class sets the <filename>GUMMIBOOT_CFG</filename> as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ GUMMIBOOT_CFG ?= "${<link linkend='var-S'>S</link>}/loader.conf"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on Gummiboot, see the
+ <ulink url='http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/gummiboot/'>Gummiboot documentation</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GUMMIBOOT_ENTRIES'><glossterm>GUMMIBOOT_ENTRIES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GUMMIBOOT_ENTRIES[doc] = "When EFI_PROVIDER is set to "gummiboot", the GUMMIBOOT_ENTRIES variable specifies a list of entry files (*.conf) to be installed containing one boot entry per file."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When
+ <link linkend='var-EFI_PROVIDER'><filename>EFI_PROVIDER</filename></link>
+ is set to "gummiboot", the
+ <filename>GUMMIBOOT_ENTRIES</filename> variable specifies
+ a list of entry files
+ (<filename>*.conf</filename>) to be installed
+ containing one boot entry per file.
+ By default, the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-gummiboot'><filename>gummiboot</filename></link>
+ class sets the <filename>GUMMIBOOT_ENTRIES</filename> as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ GUMMIBOOT_ENTRIES ?= ""
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on Gummiboot, see the
+ <ulink url='http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/gummiboot/'>Gummiboot documentation</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-GUMMIBOOT_TIMEOUT'><glossterm>GUMMIBOOT_TIMEOUT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ GUMMIBOOT_TIMEOUT[doc] = "When EFI_PROVIDER is set to "gummiboot", the GUMMIBOOT_TIMEOUT variable specifies the boot menu timeout in seconds."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When
+ <link linkend='var-EFI_PROVIDER'><filename>EFI_PROVIDER</filename></link>
+ is set to "gummiboot", the
+ <filename>GUMMIBOOT_TIMEOUT</filename> variable specifies
+ the boot menu timeout in seconds.
+ By default, the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-gummiboot'><filename>gummiboot</filename></link>
+ class sets the <filename>GUMMIBOOT_TIMEOUT</filename> as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ GUMMIBOOT_TIMEOUT ?= "10"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on Gummiboot, see the
+ <ulink url='http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/gummiboot/'>Gummiboot documentation</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-h'><title>H</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-HOMEPAGE'><glossterm>HOMEPAGE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ HOMEPAGE[doc] = "Website where more information about the software the recipe is building can be found."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Website where more information about the software the recipe is building
+ can be found.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-HOST_ARCH'><glossterm>HOST_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ HOST_ARCH[doc] = "The name of the target architecture. Normally same as the TARGET_ARCH."
+
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The name of the target architecture, which is normally
+ the same as
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_ARCH'><filename>TARGET_ARCH</filename></link>.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system supports many
+ architectures.
+ Here is an example list of architectures supported.
+ This list is by no means complete as the architecture
+ is configurable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ arm
+ i586
+ x86_64
+ powerpc
+ powerpc64
+ mips
+ mipsel
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-HOST_CC_ARCH'><glossterm>HOST_CC_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ HOST_CC_ARCH[doc] = "The name of the host architecture. Normally same as the TARGET_CC_ARCH."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies architecture-specific compiler flags that are
+ passed to the C compiler.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Default initialization for <filename>HOST_CC_ARCH</filename>
+ varies depending on what is being built:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_CC_ARCH'><filename>TARGET_CC_ARCH</filename></link>
+ when building for the target
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>BUILD_CC_ARCH</filename>
+ when building for the build host (i.e.
+ <filename>native</filename>)
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <filename>BUILDSDK_CC_ARCH</filename>
+ when building for an SDK (i.e.
+ <filename>nativesdk</filename>)
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-HOST_OS'><glossterm>HOST_OS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ HOST_OS[doc] = "The name of the target operating system. Normally the same as the TARGET_OS."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the name of the target operating system, which
+ is normally the same as the
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_OS'><filename>TARGET_OS</filename></link>.
+ The variable can be set to "linux" for <filename>glibc</filename>-based systems and
+ to "linux-uclibc" for <filename>uclibc</filename>.
+ For ARM/EABI targets, there are also "linux-gnueabi" and
+ "linux-uclibc-gnueabi" values possible.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-HOST_PREFIX'><glossterm>HOST_PREFIX</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ HOST_PREFIX[doc] = "The prefix for the cross compile toolchain. Normally same as the TARGET_PREFIX."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the prefix for the cross-compile toolchain.
+ <filename>HOST_PREFIX</filename> is normally the same as
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_PREFIX'><filename>TARGET_PREFIX</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-HOST_SYS'><glossterm>HOST_SYS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ HOST_SYS[doc] = "Specifies the system, including the architecture and the operating system, for with the build is occurring in the context of the current recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the system, including the architecture and the
+ operating system, for which the build is occurring
+ in the context of the current recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system automatically sets this
+ variable based on
+ <link linkend='var-HOST_ARCH'><filename>HOST_ARCH</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-HOST_VENDOR'><filename>HOST_VENDOR</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-HOST_OS'><filename>HOST_OS</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ <note>
+ You do not need to set the variable yourself.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Consider these two examples:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Given a native recipe on a 32-bit
+ x86 machine running Linux, the value is
+ "i686-linux".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Given a recipe being built for a
+ little-endian MIPS target running Linux,
+ the value might be "mipsel-linux".
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-HOST_VENDOR'><glossterm>HOST_VENDOR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ HOST_VENDOR[doc] = "The name of the vendor. Normally same as the TARGET_VENDOR."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the name of the vendor.
+ <filename>HOST_VENDOR</filename> is normally the same as
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_PREFIX'><filename>TARGET_VENDOR</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-i'><title>I</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ICECC_DISABLED'><glossterm>ICECC_DISABLED</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ICECC_DISABLED[doc] = "Disables or enables the icecc (Icecream) function."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Disables or enables the <filename>icecc</filename>
+ (Icecream) function.
+ For more information on this function and best practices
+ for using this variable, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-icecc'><filename>icecc.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Setting this variable to "1" in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> disables the function:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ICECC_DISABLED ??= "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ To enable the function, set the variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ICECC_DISABLED = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ICECC_ENV_EXEC'><glossterm>ICECC_ENV_EXEC</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ICECC_ENV_EXEC[doc] = "Points to the icecc-create-env script that you provide."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the <filename>icecc-create-env</filename> script
+ that you provide.
+ This variable is used by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-icecc'><filename>icecc</filename></link>
+ class.
+ You set this variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not point to a script that you provide, the
+ OpenEmbedded build system uses the default script provided
+ by the <filename>icecc-create-env.bb</filename> recipe,
+ which is a modified version and not the one that comes with
+ <filename>icecc</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ICECC_PARALLEL_MAKE'><glossterm>ICECC_PARALLEL_MAKE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ICECC_PARALLEL_MAKE[doc] = "Extra options passed to the make command during the do_compile task that specify parallel compilation."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Extra options passed to the <filename>make</filename>
+ command during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ task that specify parallel compilation.
+ This variable usually takes the form of
+ "-j <replaceable>x</replaceable>", where
+ <replaceable>x</replaceable> represents the maximum
+ number of parallel threads <filename>make</filename> can
+ run.
+ <note>
+ The options passed affect builds on all enabled
+ machines on the network, which are machines running the
+ <filename>iceccd</filename> daemon.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If your enabled machines support multiple cores,
+ coming up with the maximum number of parallel threads
+ that gives you the best performance could take some
+ experimentation since machine speed, network lag,
+ available memory, and existing machine loads can all
+ affect build time.
+ Consequently, unlike the
+ <link linkend='var-PARALLEL_MAKE'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename></link>
+ variable, there is no rule-of-thumb for setting
+ <filename>ICECC_PARALLEL_MAKE</filename> to achieve
+ optimal performance.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not set <filename>ICECC_PARALLEL_MAKE</filename>,
+ the build system does not use it (i.e. the system does
+ not detect and assign the number of cores as is done with
+ <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename>).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ICECC_PATH'><glossterm>ICECC_PATH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ICECC_PATH[doc] = "The location of the icecc binary."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The location of the <filename>icecc</filename> binary.
+ You can set this variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ If your <filename>local.conf</filename> file does not define
+ this variable, the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-icecc'><filename>icecc</filename></link>
+ class attempts to define it by locating
+ <filename>icecc</filename> using <filename>which</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ICECC_USER_CLASS_BL'><glossterm>ICECC_USER_CLASS_BL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ICECC_USER_CLASS_BL[doc] = "Identifies user classes that you do not want the Icecream distributed compile support to consider."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Identifies user classes that you do not want the
+ Icecream distributed compile support to consider.
+ This variable is used by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-icecc'><filename>icecc</filename></link>
+ class.
+ You set this variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you list classes using this variable, you are
+ "blacklisting" them from distributed compilation across
+ remote hosts.
+ Any classes you list will be distributed and compiled
+ locally.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_BL'><glossterm>ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_BL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_BL[doc] = "Identifies user recipes that you do not want the Icecream distributed compile support to consider."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Identifies user recipes that you do not want the
+ Icecream distributed compile support to consider.
+ This variable is used by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-icecc'><filename>icecc</filename></link>
+ class.
+ You set this variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you list packages using this variable, you are
+ "blacklisting" them from distributed compilation across
+ remote hosts.
+ Any packages you list will be distributed and compiled
+ locally.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_WL'><glossterm>ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_WL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_WL[doc] = "Identifies user recipes that use an empty PARALLEL_MAKE variable that you want to force remote distributed compilation on using the Icecream distributed compile support."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Identifies user recipes that use an empty
+ <link linkend='var-PARALLEL_MAKE'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename></link>
+ variable that you want to force remote distributed
+ compilation on using the Icecream distributed compile
+ support.
+ This variable is used by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-icecc'><filename>icecc</filename></link>
+ class.
+ You set this variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_BASENAME'><glossterm>IMAGE_BASENAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_BASENAME[doc] = "The base name of image output files."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The base name of image output files.
+ This variable defaults to the recipe name
+ (<filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link><filename>}</filename>).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_BOOT_FILES'><glossterm>IMAGE_BOOT_FILES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_BOOT_FILES[doc] = "Whitespace separated list of files from ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE} to place in boot partition. Entries will be installed under a same name as the source file. To change the destination file name, pass a desired name after a semicolon (eg. u-boot.img;uboot)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A space-separated list of files installed into the
+ boot partition when preparing an image using the
+ <filename>wic</filename> tool with the
+ <filename>bootimg-partition</filename> source
+ plugin.
+ By default, the files are installed under
+ the same name as the source files.
+ To change the installed name, separate it from the
+ original name with a semi-colon (;).
+ Source files need to be located in
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE</filename></link>.
+ Here are two examples:
+
+ <literallayout class="monospaced">
+ IMAGE_BOOT_FILES = "u-boot.img uImage;kernel"
+ IMAGE_BOOT_FILES = "u-boot.${UBOOT_SUFFIX} ${KERNEL_IMAGETYPE}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Alternatively, source files can be picked up using
+ a glob pattern.
+ In this case, the destination file
+ will have the same name as the base name of the source file
+ path.
+ To install files into a directory within the
+ target location, pass its name after a semi-colon
+ (;).
+ Here are two examples:
+ <literallayout class="monospaced">
+ IMAGE_BOOT_FILES = "bcm2835-bootfiles/*"
+ IMAGE_BOOT_FILES = "bcm2835-bootfiles/*;boot/"
+ </literallayout>
+ The first example installs all files from
+ <filename>${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/bcm2835-bootfiles</filename>
+ into the root of the target partition.
+ The second example installs the same files into a
+ <filename>boot</filename> directory within the
+ target partition.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_CLASSES'><glossterm>IMAGE_CLASSES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_CLASSES[doc] = "A list of classes that all images should inherit."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of classes that all images should inherit.
+ You typically use this variable to specify the list of
+ classes that register the different types of images
+ the OpenEmbedded build system creates.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value for <filename>IMAGE_CLASSES</filename> is
+ <filename>image_types</filename>.
+ You can set this variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> or in a distribution
+ configuration file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information, see
+ <filename>meta/classes/image_types.bbclass</filename> in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_CMD'><glossterm>IMAGE_CMD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_CMD[doc] = "Specifies the command to create the image file for a specific image type, which corresponds to the value set set in IMAGE_FSTYPES, (e.g. ext3, btrfs, and so forth)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the command to create the image file for a
+ specific image type, which corresponds to the value set
+ set in
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>,
+ (e.g. <filename>ext3</filename>,
+ <filename>btrfs</filename>, and so forth).
+ When setting this variable, you should use
+ an override for the associated type.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_CMD_jffs2 = "mkfs.jffs2 --root=${IMAGE_ROOTFS} \
+ --faketime --output=${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_NAME}.rootfs.jffs2 \
+ ${EXTRA_IMAGECMD}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You typically do not need to set this variable unless
+ you are adding support for a new image type.
+ For more examples on how to set this variable, see the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-image_types'><filename>image_types</filename></link>
+ class file, which is
+ <filename>meta/classes/image_types.bbclass</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES'><glossterm>IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES[doc] = "Specifies one or more files that contain custom device tables that are passed to the makedevs command as part of creating an image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies one or more files that contain custom device
+ tables that are passed to the
+ <filename>makedevs</filename> command as part of creating
+ an image.
+ These files list basic device nodes that should be
+ created under <filename>/dev</filename> within the image.
+ If <filename>IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES</filename> is not set,
+ <filename>files/device_table-minimal.txt</filename> is
+ used, which is located by
+ <link linkend='var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></link>.
+ For details on how you should write device table files,
+ see <filename>meta/files/device_table-minimal.txt</filename>
+ as an example.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><glossterm>IMAGE_FEATURES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_FEATURES[doc] = "The primary list of features to include in an image. Configure this variable in an image recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The primary list of features to include in an image.
+ Typically, you configure this variable in an image recipe.
+ Although you can use this variable from your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file, which is found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
+ best practices dictate that you do not.
+ <note>
+ To enable extra features from outside the image recipe,
+ use the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES'>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</link></filename> variable.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For a list of image features that ships with the Yocto
+ Project, see the
+ "<link linkend="ref-features-image">Image Features</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For an example that shows how to customize your image by
+ using this variable, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#usingpoky-extend-customimage-imagefeatures'>Customizing Images Using Custom <filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename> and <filename>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><glossterm>IMAGE_FSTYPES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_FSTYPES[doc] = "Formats of root filesystem images that you want to have created."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the formats the OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ during the build when creating the root filesystem.
+ For example, setting <filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename>
+ as follows causes the build system to create root
+ filesystems using two formats: <filename>.ext3</filename>
+ and <filename>.tar.bz2</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_FSTYPES = "ext3 tar.bz2"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For the complete list of supported image formats from which
+ you can choose, see
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_TYPES'><filename>IMAGE_TYPES</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ If you add "live" to <filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename>
+ inside an image recipe, be sure that you do so prior to the
+ "inherit image" line of the recipe or the live image will
+ not build.
+ </note>
+
+ <note>
+ Due to the way this variable is processed, it is not
+ possible to update its contents using
+ <filename>_append</filename> or
+ <filename>_prepend</filename>. To add one or more
+ additional options to this variable the
+ <filename>+=</filename> operator must be used.
+ </note>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><glossterm>IMAGE_INSTALL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_INSTALL[doc] = "Specifies the packages to install into an image. Image recipes set IMAGE_INSTALL to specify the packages to install into an image through image.bbclass."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the packages to install into an image.
+ The <filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename> variable is a
+ mechanism for an image recipe and you should use it
+ with care to avoid ordering issues.
+ <note>
+ When working with an
+ <link linkend='images-core-image-minimal-initramfs'><filename>core-image-minimal-initramfs</filename></link>
+ image, do not use the <filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename>
+ variable to specify packages for installation.
+ Instead, use the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_INSTALL'><filename>PACKAGE_INSTALL</filename></link>
+ variable, which allows the initial RAM disk (initramfs)
+ recipe to use a fixed set of packages and not be
+ affected by <filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Image recipes set <filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename>
+ to specify the packages to install into an image through
+ <filename>image.bbclass</filename>.
+ Additionally, "helper" classes exist, such as
+ <filename>core-image.bbclass</filename>, that can take
+ <filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'>IMAGE_FEATURES</link></filename>
+ lists and turn these into auto-generated entries in
+ <filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename> in addition to its
+ default contents.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Using <filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename> with the
+ <filename>+=</filename> operator from the
+ <filename>/conf/local.conf</filename> file or from within
+ an image recipe is not recommended as it can cause ordering
+ issues.
+ Since <filename>core-image.bbclass</filename> sets
+ <filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename> to a default value using
+ the <filename>?=</filename> operator, using a
+ <filename>+=</filename> operation against
+ <filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename> will result in
+ unexpected behavior when used in
+ <filename>conf/local.conf</filename>.
+ Furthermore, the same operation from within an image
+ recipe may or may not succeed depending on the specific
+ situation.
+ In both these cases, the behavior is contrary to how most
+ users expect the <filename>+=</filename> operator to work.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you use this variable, it is best to use it as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " <replaceable>package-name</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ Be sure to include the space between the quotation character
+ and the start of the package name or names.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_LINGUAS'><glossterm>IMAGE_LINGUAS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_LINGUAS[doc] = "Specifies the list of locales to install into the image during the root filesystem construction process."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the list of locales to install into the image
+ during the root filesystem construction process.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system automatically splits locale
+ files, which are used for localization, into separate
+ packages.
+ Setting the <filename>IMAGE_LINGUAS</filename> variable
+ ensures that any locale packages that correspond to packages
+ already selected for installation into the image are also
+ installed.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_LINGUAS = "pt-br de-de"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In this example, the build system ensures any Brazilian
+ Portuguese and German locale files that correspond to
+ packages in the image are installed (i.e.
+ <filename>*-locale-pt-br</filename>
+ and <filename>*-locale-de-de</filename> as well as
+ <filename>*-locale-pt</filename>
+ and <filename>*-locale-de</filename>, since some software
+ packages only provide locale files by language and not by
+ country-specific language).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-GLIBC_GENERATE_LOCALES'><filename>GLIBC_GENERATE_LOCALES</filename></link>
+ variable for information on generating GLIBC locales.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_MANIFEST'><glossterm>IMAGE_MANIFEST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_MANIFEST[doc] = "The manifest file for the image. This file lists all the installed packages that make up the image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The manifest file for the image.
+ This file lists all the installed packages that make up
+ the image.
+ The file contains package information on a line-per-package
+ basis as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>packagename</replaceable> <replaceable>packagearch</replaceable> <replaceable>version</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-image'><filename>image</filename></link>
+ class defines the manifest file as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_MANIFEST = "${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_NAME}.rootfs.manifest"
+ </literallayout>
+ The location is derived using the
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_NAME'><filename>IMAGE_NAME</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ You can find information on how the image
+ is created in the
+ "<link linkend='image-generation-dev-environment'>Image Generation</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_NAME'><glossterm>IMAGE_NAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_NAME[doc] = "The name of the output image files minus the extension."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The name of the output image files minus the extension.
+ This variable is derived using the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_BASENAME'><filename>IMAGE_BASENAME</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-DATETIME'><filename>DATETIME</filename></link>
+ variables:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_NAME = "${IMAGE_BASENAME}-${MACHINE}-${DATETIME}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR'><glossterm>IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR[doc] = "Defines a multiplier that the build system applies to the initial image size for cases when the multiplier times the returned disk usage value for the image is greater than the sum of IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE and IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines a multiplier that the build system applies to the initial image
+ size for cases when the multiplier times the returned disk usage value
+ for the image is greater than the sum of
+ <filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE'>IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE</link></filename>
+ and
+ <filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE'>IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE</link></filename>.
+ The result of the multiplier applied to the initial image size creates
+ free disk space in the image as overhead.
+ By default, the build process uses a multiplier of 1.3 for this variable.
+ This default value results in 30% free disk space added to the image when this
+ method is used to determine the final generated image size.
+ You should be aware that post install scripts and the package management
+ system uses disk space inside this overhead area.
+ Consequently, the multiplier does not produce an image with
+ all the theoretical free disk space.
+ See <filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE'>IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE</link></filename>
+ for information on how the build system determines the overall image size.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default 30% free disk space typically gives the image enough room to boot
+ and allows for basic post installs while still leaving a small amount of
+ free disk space.
+ If 30% free space is inadequate, you can increase the default value.
+ For example, the following setting gives you 50% free space added to the image:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR = "1.5"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Alternatively, you can ensure a specific amount of free disk space is added
+ to the image by using the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE'>IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE</link></filename>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_PKGTYPE'><glossterm>IMAGE_PKGTYPE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_PKGTYPE[doc] = "Defines the package type (DEB, RPM, IPK, or TAR) used by the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the package type (DEB, RPM, IPK, or TAR) used
+ by the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ The variable is defined appropriately by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_deb'><filename>package_deb</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_rpm'><filename>package_rpm</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_ipk'><filename>package_ipk</filename></link>,
+ or
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package_tar'><filename>package_tar</filename></link>
+ class.
+ <note><title>Warning</title>
+ The <filename>package_tar</filename> class is broken
+ and is not supported.
+ It is recommended that you do not use it.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-populate-sdk-*'><filename>package_sdk_base</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-image'><filename>image</filename></link>
+ classes use the <filename>IMAGE_PKGTYPE</filename> for
+ packaging up images and SDKs.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You should not set the <filename>IMAGE_PKGTYPE</filename>
+ manually.
+ Rather, the variable is set indirectly through the
+ appropriate
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-package'><filename>package_*</filename></link>
+ class using the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses the first package type
+ (e.g. DEB, RPM, or IPK) that appears with the variable
+ <note>
+ Files using the <filename>.tar</filename> format are
+ never used as a substitute packaging format for DEB,
+ RPM, and IPK formatted files for your image or SDK.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND'><glossterm>IMAGE_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND[doc] = "Specifies a list of functions to call once the OpenEmbedded build system has created the final image output files."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of functions to call once the
+ OpenEmbedded build system has created the final image
+ output files.
+ You can specify functions separated by semicolons:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "<replaceable>function</replaceable>; ... "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you need to pass the root filesystem path to a command
+ within the function, you can use
+ <filename>${IMAGE_ROOTFS}</filename>, which points to
+ the directory that becomes the root filesystem image.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_PREPROCESS_COMMAND'><glossterm>IMAGE_PREPROCESS_COMMAND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_PREPROCESS_COMMAND[doc] = "Specifies a list of functions to call before the OpenEmbedded build system has created the final image output files."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of functions to call before the
+ OpenEmbedded build system has created the final image
+ output files.
+ You can specify functions separated by semicolons:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_PREPROCESS_COMMAND += "<replaceable>function</replaceable>; ... "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you need to pass the root filesystem path to a command
+ within the function, you can use
+ <filename>${IMAGE_ROOTFS}</filename>, which points to
+ the directory that becomes the root filesystem image.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS'><glossterm>IMAGE_ROOTFS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_ROOTFS[doc] = "The location of the root filesystem while it is under construction (i.e. during do_rootfs)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The location of the root filesystem while it is under
+ construction (i.e. during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-rootfs'><filename>do_rootfs</filename></link>
+ task).
+ This variable is not configurable.
+ Do not change it.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_ALIGNMENT'><glossterm>IMAGE_ROOTFS_ALIGNMENT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_ROOTFS_ALIGNMENT[doc] = "Specifies the alignment for the output image file in Kbytes."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the alignment for the output image file in
+ Kbytes.
+ If the size of the image is not a multiple of
+ this value, then the size is rounded up to the nearest
+ multiple of the value.
+ The default value is "1".
+ See
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE'><filename>IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE</filename></link>
+ for additional information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE'><glossterm>IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE[doc] = "Defines additional free disk space created in the image in Kbytes. By default, this variable is set to '0'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines additional free disk space created in the image in Kbytes.
+ By default, this variable is set to "0".
+ This free disk space is added to the image after the build system determines
+ the image size as described in
+ <filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE'>IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE</link></filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is particularly useful when you want to ensure that a
+ specific amount of free disk space is available on a device after an image
+ is installed and running.
+ For example, to be sure 5 Gbytes of free disk space is available, set the
+ variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE = "5242880"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, the Yocto Project Build Appliance specifically requests 40 Gbytes
+ of extra space with the line:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE = "41943040"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE'><glossterm>IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE[doc] = "Defines the size in Kbytes for the generated image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the size in Kbytes for the generated image.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system determines the final size for the generated
+ image using an algorithm that takes into account the initial disk space used
+ for the generated image, a requested size for the image, and requested
+ additional free disk space to be added to the image.
+ Programatically, the build system determines the final size of the
+ generated image as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ if (image-du * overhead) < rootfs-size:
+ internal-rootfs-size = rootfs-size + xspace
+ else:
+ internal-rootfs-size = (image-du * overhead) + xspace
+
+ where:
+
+ image-du = Returned value of the du command on
+ the image.
+
+ overhead = IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR
+
+ rootfs-size = IMAGE_ROOTFS_SIZE
+
+ internal-rootfs-size = Initial root filesystem
+ size before any modifications.
+
+ xspace = IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the <link linkend='var-IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR'><filename>IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR</filename></link>
+ and <link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE'><filename>IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE</filename></link>
+ variables for related information.
+<!-- In the above example, <filename>overhead</filename> is defined by the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR'>IMAGE_OVERHEAD_FACTOR</link></filename>
+ variable, <filename>xspace</filename> is defined by the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE'>IMAGE_ROOTFS_EXTRA_SPACE</link></filename>
+ variable, and <filename>du</filename> is the results of the disk usage command
+ on the initially generated image. -->
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_TYPEDEP'><glossterm>IMAGE_TYPEDEP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_TYPEDEP[doc] = "Specifies a dependency from one image type on another."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a dependency from one image type on another.
+ Here is an example from the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-image-live'><filename>image-live</filename></link>
+ class:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ IMAGE_TYPEDEP_live = "ext3"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the previous example, the variable ensures that when
+ "live" is listed with the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>
+ variable, the OpenEmbedded build system produces an
+ <filename>ext3</filename> image first since one of the
+ components of the live
+ image is an <filename>ext3</filename>
+ formatted partition containing the root
+ filesystem.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IMAGE_TYPES'><glossterm>IMAGE_TYPES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IMAGE_TYPES[doc] = "Specifies the complete list of supported image types by default."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the complete list of supported image types
+ by default:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ jffs2
+ jffs2.sum
+ cramfs
+ ext2
+ ext2.gz
+ ext2.bz2
+ ext3
+ ext3.gz
+ ext2.lzma
+ btrfs
+ live
+ squashfs
+ squashfs-xz
+ ubi
+ ubifs
+ tar
+ tar.gz
+ tar.bz2
+ tar.xz
+ cpio
+ cpio.gz
+ cpio.xz
+ cpio.lzma
+ vdi
+ vmdk
+ elf
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information about these types of images, see
+ <filename>meta/classes/image_types*.bbclass</filename>
+ in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INC_PR'><glossterm>INC_PR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INC_PR[doc] = "Helps define the recipe revision for recipes that share a common include file."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Helps define the recipe revision for recipes that share
+ a common <filename>include</filename> file.
+ You can think of this variable as part of the recipe revision
+ as set from within an include file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Suppose, for example, you have a set of recipes that
+ are used across several projects.
+ And, within each of those recipes the revision
+ (its <link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link>
+ value) is set accordingly.
+ In this case, when the revision of those recipes changes,
+ the burden is on you to find all those recipes and
+ be sure that they get changed to reflect the updated
+ version of the recipe.
+ In this scenario, it can get complicated when recipes
+ that are used in many places and provide common functionality
+ are upgraded to a new revision.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A more efficient way of dealing with this situation is
+ to set the <filename>INC_PR</filename> variable inside
+ the <filename>include</filename> files that the recipes
+ share and then expand the <filename>INC_PR</filename>
+ variable within the recipes to help
+ define the recipe revision.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following provides an example that shows how to use
+ the <filename>INC_PR</filename> variable
+ given a common <filename>include</filename> file that
+ defines the variable.
+ Once the variable is defined in the
+ <filename>include</filename> file, you can use the
+ variable to set the <filename>PR</filename> values in
+ each recipe.
+ You will notice that when you set a recipe's
+ <filename>PR</filename> you can provide more granular
+ revisioning by appending values to the
+ <filename>INC_PR</filename> variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+recipes-graphics/xorg-font/xorg-font-common.inc:INC_PR = "r2"
+recipes-graphics/xorg-font/encodings_1.0.4.bb:PR = "${INC_PR}.1"
+recipes-graphics/xorg-font/font-util_1.3.0.bb:PR = "${INC_PR}.0"
+recipes-graphics/xorg-font/font-alias_1.0.3.bb:PR = "${INC_PR}.3"
+ </literallayout>
+ The first line of the example establishes the baseline
+ revision to be used for all recipes that use the
+ <filename>include</filename> file.
+ The remaining lines in the example are from individual
+ recipes and show how the <filename>PR</filename> value
+ is set.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INCOMPATIBLE_LICENSE'><glossterm>INCOMPATIBLE_LICENSE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INCOMPATIBLE_LICENSE[doc] = "Specifies a space-separated list of license names (as they would appear in LICENSE) that should be excluded from the build."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a space-separated list of license names
+ (as they would appear in
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE'><filename>LICENSE</filename></link>)
+ that should be excluded from the build.
+ Recipes that provide no alternatives to listed incompatible
+ licenses are not built.
+ Packages that are individually licensed with the specified
+ incompatible licenses will be deleted.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ This functionality is only regularly tested using
+ the following setting:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INCOMPATIBLE_LICENSE = "GPL-3.0 LGPL-3.0 AGPL-3.0"
+ </literallayout>
+ Although you can use other settings, you might be required
+ to remove dependencies on or provide alternatives to
+ components that are required to produce a functional system
+ image.
+ </note>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INHIBIT_DEFAULT_DEPS'><glossterm>INHIBIT_DEFAULT_DEPS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INHIBIT_DEFAULT_DEPS[doc] = "Prevents the default dependencies, namely the C compiler and standard C library (libc), from being added to DEPENDS."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Prevents the default dependencies, namely the C compiler
+ and standard C library (libc), from being added to
+ <link linkend='var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></link>.
+ This variable is usually used within recipes that do not
+ require any compilation using the C compiler.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Set the variable to "1" to prevent the default dependencies
+ from being added.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INHIBIT_PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT'><glossterm>INHIBIT_PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INHIBIT_PACKAGE_STRIP[doc] = "If set to "1", causes the build to not strip binaries in resulting packages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Prevents the OpenEmbedded build system from splitting
+ out debug information during packaging.
+ By default, the build system splits out debugging
+ information during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package'><filename>do_package</filename></link>
+ task.
+ For more information on how debug information is split out,
+ see the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT_STYLE'><filename>PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT_STYLE</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To prevent the build system from splitting out
+ debug information during packaging, set the
+ <filename>INHIBIT_PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT</filename> variable
+ as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHIBIT_PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INHIBIT_PACKAGE_STRIP'><glossterm>INHIBIT_PACKAGE_STRIP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INHIBIT_PACKAGE_STRIP[doc] = "If set to "1", causes the build to not strip binaries in resulting packages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ If set to "1", causes the build to not strip binaries in resulting packages.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INHERIT'><glossterm>INHERIT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INHERIT[doc] = "Causes the named class to be inherited at this point during parsing. The variable is only valid in configuration files."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Causes the named class to be inherited at
+ this point during parsing.
+ The variable is only valid in configuration files.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INHERIT_DISTRO'><glossterm>INHERIT_DISTRO</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INHERIT_DISTRO[doc] = "Lists classes that will be inherited at the distribution level. It is unlikely that you want to edit this variable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists classes that will be inherited at the
+ distribution level.
+ It is unlikely that you want to edit this variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value of the variable is set as follows in the
+ <filename>meta/conf/distro/defaultsetup.conf</filename>
+ file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT_DISTRO ?= "debian devshell sstate license"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INITRAMFS_FSTYPES'><glossterm>INITRAMFS_FSTYPES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INITRAMFS_FSTYPES[doc] = "Defines the format for the output image of an initial RAM disk (initramfs), which is used during boot."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the format for the output image of an initial
+ RAM disk (initramfs), which is used during boot.
+ Supported formats are the same as those supported by the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INITRAMFS_IMAGE'><glossterm>INITRAMFS_IMAGE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INITRAMFS_IMAGE[doc] = "Causes the OpenEmbedded build system to build an additional recipe as a dependency to your root filesystem recipe (e.g. core-image-sato)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Causes the OpenEmbedded build system to build an additional
+ recipe as a dependency to your root filesystem recipe
+ (e.g. <filename>core-image-sato</filename>).
+ The additional recipe is used to create an initial RAM disk
+ (initramfs) that might be needed during the initial boot of
+ the target system to accomplish such things as loading
+ kernel modules prior to mounting the root file system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you set the variable, specify the name of the
+ initramfs you want created.
+ The following example, which is set in the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file, causes
+ a separate recipe to be created that results in an
+ initramfs image named
+ <filename>core-image-sato-initramfs.bb</filename> to be
+ created:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INITRAMFS_IMAGE = "core-image-minimal-initramfs"
+ </literallayout>
+ By default, the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-kernel'><filename>kernel</filename></link>
+ class sets this variable to a null string as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INITRAMFS_IMAGE = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/tree/meta-yocto/conf/local.conf.sample.extended'><filename>local.conf.sample.extended</filename></ulink>
+ file for additional information.
+ You can also reference the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/tree/meta/classes/kernel.bbclass'><filename>kernel.bbclass</filename></ulink>
+ file to see how the variable is used.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INITRAMFS_IMAGE_BUNDLE'><glossterm>INITRAMFS_IMAGE_BUNDLE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INITRAMFS_IMAGE_BUNDLE[doc] = "Controls whether or not the image recipe specified by INITRAMFS_IMAGE is run through an extra pass during kernel compilation in order to build a single binary that contains both the kernel image and the initial RAM disk (initramfs)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Controls whether or not the image recipe specified by
+ <link linkend='var-INITRAMFS_IMAGE'><filename>INITRAMFS_IMAGE</filename></link>
+ is run through an extra pass during kernel compilation
+ in order to build a single binary that contains both the
+ kernel image and the initial RAM disk (initramfs).
+ Using an extra compilation pass ensures that when a kernel
+ attempts to use an initramfs, it does not encounter
+ circular dependencies should the initramfs include kernel
+ modules.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The combined binary is deposited into the
+ <filename>tmp/deploy</filename> directory, which is part
+ of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Setting the variable to "1" in a configuration file causes
+ the OpenEmbedded build system to make the extra pass during
+ kernel compilation:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INITRAMFS_IMAGE_BUNDLE = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ By default, the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-kernel'><filename>kernel</filename></link>
+ class sets this variable to a null string as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INITRAMFS_IMAGE_BUNDLE = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ You must set the
+ <filename>INITRAMFS_IMAGE_BUNDLE</filename> variable in
+ a configuration file.
+ You cannot set the variable in a recipe file.
+ </note>
+ See the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/tree/meta-yocto/conf/local.conf.sample.extended'><filename>local.conf.sample.extended</filename></ulink>
+ file for additional information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INITRD'><glossterm>INITRD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INITRD[doc] = "Indicates a list of filesystem images to concatenate and use as an initial RAM disk (initrd)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Indicates list of filesystem images to concatenate and use
+ as an initial RAM disk (<filename>initrd</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>INITRD</filename> variable is an optional
+ variable used with the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-bootimg'><filename>bootimg</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INITRD_IMAGE'><glossterm>INITRD_IMAGE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INITRD_IMAGE[doc] = "When building a "live" bootable image (i.e. when IMAGE_FSTYPES contains "live"), INITRD_IMAGE specifies the image recipe that should be built to provide the initial RAM disk image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When building a "live" bootable image (i.e. when
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>
+ contains "live"), <filename>INITRD_IMAGE</filename>
+ specifies the image recipe that should be built
+ to provide the initial RAM disk image.
+ The default value is "core-image-minimal-initramfs".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-image-live'><filename>image-live</filename></link>
+ class for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INITSCRIPT_NAME'><glossterm>INITSCRIPT_NAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INITSCRIPT_NAME[doc] = "The filename of the initialization script as installed to ${sysconfdir}/init.d."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The filename of the initialization script as installed to
+ <filename>${sysconfdir}/init.d</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is used in recipes when using <filename>update-rc.d.bbclass</filename>.
+ The variable is mandatory.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INITSCRIPT_PACKAGES'><glossterm>INITSCRIPT_PACKAGES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INITSCRIPT_PACKAGES[doc] = "A list of the packages that contain initscripts. This variable is used in recipes when using update-rc.d.bbclass. The variable is optional and defaults to the PN variable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of the packages that contain initscripts.
+ If multiple packages are specified, you need to append the package name
+ to the other <filename>INITSCRIPT_*</filename> as an override.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is used in recipes when using <filename>update-rc.d.bbclass</filename>.
+ The variable is optional and defaults to the
+ <link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link> variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INITSCRIPT_PARAMS'><glossterm>INITSCRIPT_PARAMS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INITSCRIPT_PARAMS[doc] = "Specifies the options to pass to update-rc.d. The variable is mandatory and is used in recipes when using update-rc.d.bbclass."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the options to pass to <filename>update-rc.d</filename>.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INITSCRIPT_PARAMS = "start 99 5 2 . stop 20 0 1 6 ."
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In this example, the script has a runlevel of 99,
+ starts the script in initlevels 2 and 5, and
+ stops the script in levels 0, 1 and 6.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The variable's default value is "defaults", which is
+ set in the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-update-rc.d'><filename>update-rc.d</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The value in
+ <filename>INITSCRIPT_PARAMS</filename> is passed through
+ to the <filename>update-rc.d</filename> command.
+ For more information on valid parameters, please see the
+ <filename>update-rc.d</filename> manual page at
+ <ulink url='http://www.tin.org/bin/man.cgi?section=8&topic=update-rc.d'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-INSANE_SKIP'><glossterm>INSANE_SKIP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ INSANE_SKIP[doc] = "Specifies the QA checks to skip for a specific package within a recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the QA checks to skip for a specific package
+ within a recipe.
+ For example, to skip the check for symbolic link
+ <filename>.so</filename> files in the main package of a
+ recipe, add the following to the recipe.
+ The package name override must be used, which in this
+ example is <filename>${PN}</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INSANE_SKIP_${PN} += "dev-so"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the "<link linkend='ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section for a list of the valid QA checks you can
+ specify using this variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-IPK_FEED_URIS'><glossterm>IPK_FEED_URIS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ IPK_FEED_URIS[doc] = "List of ipkg feed records to put into generated image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When the IPK backend is in use and package management
+ is enabled on the target, you can use this variable to
+ set up <filename>opkg</filename> in the target image
+ to point to package feeds on a nominated server.
+ Once the feed is established, you can perform
+ installations or upgrades using the package manager
+ at runtime.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+<!--
+ <glossentry id='var-INTERCEPT_DIR'><glossterm>INTERCEPT_DIR</glossterm>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>
+ An environment variable that defines the directory where
+ post installation hooks are installed for the
+ post install environment.
+ This variable is fixed as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${WORKDIR}/intercept_scripts
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ After installation of a target's root filesystem,
+ post installation scripts, which are essentially bash scripts,
+ are all executed just a single time.
+ Limiting execution of these scripts minimizes installation
+ time that would be lengthened due to certain packages
+ triggering redundant operations.
+ For example, consider the installation of font packages
+ as a common example.
+ Without limiting the execution of post installation scripts,
+ all font directories would be rescanned to create the
+ cache after each individual font package was installed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Do not edit the <filename>INTERCEPT_DIR</filename>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+-->
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+<!-- <glossdiv id='var-glossary-j'><title>J</title>-->
+<!-- </glossdiv>-->
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-k'><title>K</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KARCH'><glossterm>KARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KARCH[doc] = "Defines the kernel architecture used when assembling the configuration. You define the KARCH variable in the BSP Descriptions."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the kernel architecture used when assembling
+ the configuration.
+ Architectures supported for this release are:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ powerpc
+ i386
+ x86_64
+ arm
+ qemu
+ mips
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You define the <filename>KARCH</filename> variable in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#bsp-descriptions'>BSP Descriptions</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KBRANCH'><glossterm>KBRANCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KBRANCH[doc] = "A regular expression used by the build process to explicitly identify the kernel branch that is validated, patched and configured during a build."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A regular expression used by the build process to explicitly
+ identify the kernel branch that is validated, patched,
+ and configured during a build.
+ You must set this variable to ensure the exact kernel
+ branch you want is being used by the build process.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Values for this variable are set in the kernel's recipe
+ file and the kernel's append file.
+ For example, if you are using the Yocto Project kernel that
+ is based on the Linux 3.14 kernel, the kernel recipe file
+ is the
+ <filename>meta/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto_3.14.bb</filename>
+ file.
+ Following is an example for a kernel recipe file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KBRANCH ?= "standard/base"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is also used from the kernel's append file
+ to identify the kernel branch specific to a particular
+ machine or target hardware.
+ The kernel's append file is located in the BSP layer for
+ a given machine.
+ For example, the kernel append file for the Emenlow BSP is in the
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename> Git repository and is named
+ <filename>meta-emenlow/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto_3.14.bbappend</filename>.
+ Here are the related statements from the append file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ COMPATIBLE_MACHINE_emenlow-noemgd = "emenlow-noemgd"
+ KMACHINE_emenlow-noemgd = "emenlow"
+ KBRANCH_emenlow-noemgd = "standard/base"
+ KERNEL_FEATURES_append_emenlow-noemgd = " features/drm-gma500/drm-gma500.scc"
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>KBRANCH</filename> statement identifies
+ the kernel branch to use when building for the Emenlow
+ BSP.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KBUILD_DEFCONFIG'><glossterm>KBUILD_DEFCONFIG</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KBUILD_DEFCONFIG[doc] = "Specifies an "in-tree" kernel configuration file for use during a kernel build."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When used with the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-kernel-yocto'><filename>kernel-yocto</filename></link>
+ class, specifies an "in-tree" kernel configuration file
+ for use during a kernel build.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Typically, when using a <filename>defconfig</filename> to
+ configure a kernel during a build, you place the
+ file in your layer in the same manner as you would
+ patch files and configuration fragment files (i.e.
+ "out-of-tree").
+ However, if you want to use a <filename>defconfig</filename>
+ file that is part of the kernel tree (i.e. "in-tree"),
+ you can use the
+ <filename>KBUILD_DEFCONFIG</filename> variable to point
+ to the <filename>defconfig</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use the variable, set it in the append file for your
+ kernel recipe using the following form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KBUILD_DEFCONFIG_<link linkend='var-KMACHINE'>KMACHINE</link> ?= <replaceable>defconfig_file</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ Here is an example from a "raspberrypi2"
+ <filename>KMACHINE</filename> build that uses a
+ <filename>defconfig</filename> file named
+ "bcm2709_defconfig":
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KBUILD_DEFCONFIG_raspberrypi2 = "bcm2709_defconfig"
+ </literallayout>
+ As an alternative, you can use the following within your
+ append file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KBUILD_DEFCONFIG_pn-linux-yocto ?= <replaceable>defconfig_file</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ For more information on how to use the
+ <filename>KBUILD_DEFCONFIG</filename> variable, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#using-an-in-tree-defconfig-file'>Using an "In-Tree" <filename>defconfig</filename> File</ulink>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KERNEL_CLASSES'><glossterm>KERNEL_CLASSES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KERNEL_CLASSES[doc] = "A list of classes defining kernel image types that kernel class should inherit."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of classes defining kernel image types that the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-kernel'><filename>kernel</filename></link>
+ class should inherit.
+ You typically append this variable to enable extended image
+ types.
+ An example is the "kernel-fitimage", which enables
+ fitImage support and resides in
+ <filename>meta/classes/kernel-fitimage.bbclass</filename>.
+ You can register custom kernel image types with the
+ <filename>kernel</filename> class using this variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KERNEL_EXTRA_ARGS'><glossterm>KERNEL_EXTRA_ARGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KERNEL_EXTRA_ARGS[doc] = "Specifies additional make command-line arguments the OpenEmbedded build system passes on when compiling the kernel."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies additional <filename>make</filename>
+ command-line arguments the OpenEmbedded build system
+ passes on when compiling the kernel.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KERNEL_FEATURES'><glossterm>KERNEL_FEATURES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KERNEL_FEATURES[doc] = "Includes additional metadata from the Yocto Project kernel Git repository. The metadata you add through this variable includes config fragments and features descriptions."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Includes additional metadata from the Yocto Project kernel Git repository.
+ In the OpenEmbedded build system, the default Board Support Packages (BSPs)
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ is provided through
+ the <link linkend='var-KMACHINE'><filename>KMACHINE</filename></link>
+ and <link linkend='var-KBRANCH'><filename>KBRANCH</filename></link> variables.
+ You can use the <filename>KERNEL_FEATURES</filename> variable to further
+ add metadata for all BSPs.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The metadata you add through this variable includes config fragments and
+ features descriptions,
+ which usually includes patches as well as config fragments.
+ You typically override the <filename>KERNEL_FEATURES</filename> variable
+ for a specific machine.
+ In this way, you can provide validated, but optional, sets of kernel
+ configurations and features.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, the following adds <filename>netfilter</filename> to all
+ the Yocto Project kernels and adds sound support to the <filename>qemux86</filename>
+ machine:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # Add netfilter to all linux-yocto kernels
+ KERNEL_FEATURES="features/netfilter/netfilter.scc"
+
+ # Add sound support to the qemux86 machine
+ KERNEL_FEATURES_append_qemux86=" cfg/sound.scc"
+ </literallayout></para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME'><glossterm>KERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME[doc] = "The base name of the kernel image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The base name of the kernel image.
+ This variable is set in the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-kernel'>kernel</link> class
+ as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME ?= "${KERNEL_IMAGETYPE}-${PKGE}-${PKGV}-${PKGR}-${MACHINE}-${DATETIME}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_IMAGETYPE'><filename>KERNEL_IMAGETYPE</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-PKGE'><filename>PKGE</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-PKGV'><filename>PKGV</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-PKGR'><filename>PKGR</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-DATETIME'><filename>DATETIME</filename></link>
+ variables for additional information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KERNEL_IMAGE_MAXSIZE'><glossterm>KERNEL_IMAGE_MAXSIZE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KERNEL_IMAGE_MAXSIZE[doc] = "The maximum allowable size in kilobytes of the kernel image file."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the maximum size of the kernel image file in
+ kilobytes.
+ If <filename>KERNEL_IMAGE_MAXSIZE</filename> is set,
+ the size of the kernel image file is checked against
+ the set value during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-sizecheck'><filename>do_sizecheck</filename></link>
+ task.
+ The task fails if the kernel image file is larger than
+ the setting.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>KERNEL_IMAGE_MAXSIZE</filename> is useful for
+ target devices that have a limited amount of space in
+ which the kernel image must be stored.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, this variable is not set, which means the
+ size of the kernel image is not checked.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KERNEL_IMAGETYPE'><glossterm>KERNEL_IMAGETYPE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KERNEL_IMAGETYPE[doc] = "The type of kernel to build for a device, usually set by the machine configuration files and defaults to 'zImage'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The type of kernel to build for a device, usually set by the
+ machine configuration files and defaults to "zImage".
+ This variable is used
+ when building the kernel and is passed to <filename>make</filename> as the target to
+ build.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD'><glossterm>KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD[doc] = "Lists kernel modules that need to be auto-loaded during boot"
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists kernel modules that need to be auto-loaded during
+ boot.
+ <note>
+ This variable replaces the deprecated
+ <link linkend='var-module_autoload'><filename>module_autoload</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use the <filename>KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD</filename>
+ variable anywhere that it can be
+ recognized by the kernel recipe or by an out-of-tree kernel
+ module recipe (e.g. a machine configuration file, a
+ distribution configuration file, an append file for the
+ recipe, or the recipe itself).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Specify it as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD += "<replaceable>module_name1</replaceable> <replaceable>module_name2</replaceable> <replaceable>module_name3</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Including <filename>KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD</filename> causes
+ the OpenEmbedded build system to populate the
+ <filename>/etc/modules-load.d/modname.conf</filename>
+ file with the list of modules to be auto-loaded on boot.
+ The modules appear one-per-line in the file.
+ Here is an example of the most common use case:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD += "<replaceable>module_name</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on how to populate the
+ <filename>modname.conf</filename> file with
+ <filename>modprobe.d</filename> syntax lines, see the
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF'><filename>KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF'><glossterm>KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF[doc] = "Lists kernel modules for which the build system expects to find module_conf_* values that specify configuration for each of the modules."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Provides a list of modules for which the OpenEmbedded
+ build system expects to find
+ <filename>module_conf_</filename><replaceable>modname</replaceable>
+ values that specify configuration for each of the modules.
+ For information on how to provide those module
+ configurations, see the
+ <link linkend='var-module_conf'><filename>module_conf_*</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KERNEL_PATH'><glossterm>KERNEL_PATH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KERNEL_PATH[doc] = "The location of the kernel sources. This variable is set to the value of the STAGING_KERNEL_DIR within the module class (module.bbclass)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The location of the kernel sources.
+ This variable is set to the value of the
+ <link linkend='var-STAGING_KERNEL_DIR'><filename>STAGING_KERNEL_DIR</filename></link>
+ within the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-module'><filename>module</filename></link>
+ class.
+ For information on how this variable is used, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#incorporating-out-of-tree-modules'>Incorporating Out-of-Tree Modules</ulink>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To help maximize compatibility with out-of-tree drivers
+ used to build modules, the OpenEmbedded build system also
+ recognizes and uses the
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_SRC'><filename>KERNEL_SRC</filename></link>
+ variable, which is identical to the
+ <filename>KERNEL_PATH</filename> variable.
+ Both variables are common variables used by external
+ Makefiles to point to the kernel source directory.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KERNEL_SRC'><glossterm>KERNEL_SRC</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KERNEL_SRC[doc] = "The location of the kernel sources. This variable is set to the value of the STAGING_KERNEL_DIR within the module class (module.bbclass)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The location of the kernel sources.
+ This variable is set to the value of the
+ <link linkend='var-STAGING_KERNEL_DIR'><filename>STAGING_KERNEL_DIR</filename></link>
+ within the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-module'><filename>module</filename></link>
+ class.
+ For information on how this variable is used, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#incorporating-out-of-tree-modules'>Incorporating Out-of-Tree Modules</ulink>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To help maximize compatibility with out-of-tree drivers
+ used to build modules, the OpenEmbedded build system also
+ recognizes and uses the
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_PATH'><filename>KERNEL_PATH</filename></link>
+ variable, which is identical to the
+ <filename>KERNEL_SRC</filename> variable.
+ Both variables are common variables used by external
+ Makefiles to point to the kernel source directory.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KFEATURE_DESCRIPTION'><glossterm>KFEATURE_DESCRIPTION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KFEATURE_DESCRIPTION[doc] = "Provides a short description of a configuration fragment. You use this variable in the .scc file that describes a configuration fragment file."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Provides a short description of a configuration fragment.
+ You use this variable in the <filename>.scc</filename>
+ file that describes a configuration fragment file.
+ Here is the variable used in a file named
+ <filename>smp.scc</filename> to describe SMP being
+ enabled:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ define KFEATURE_DESCRIPTION "Enable SMP"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KMACHINE'><glossterm>KMACHINE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KMACHINE[doc] = "The machine as known by the kernel."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The machine as known by the kernel.
+ Sometimes the machine name used by the kernel does not
+ match the machine name used by the OpenEmbedded build
+ system.
+ For example, the machine name that the OpenEmbedded build
+ system understands as
+ <filename>core2-32-intel-common</filename> goes by a
+ different name in the Linux Yocto kernel.
+ The kernel understands that machine as
+ <filename>intel-core2-32</filename>.
+ For cases like these, the <filename>KMACHINE</filename>
+ variable maps the kernel machine name to the OpenEmbedded
+ build system machine name.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ These mappings between different names occur in the
+ Yocto Linux Kernel's <filename>meta</filename> branch.
+ As an example take a look in the
+ <filename>common/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto_3.19.bbappend</filename>
+ file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LINUX_VERSION_core2-32-intel-common = "3.19.0"
+ COMPATIBLE_MACHINE_core2-32-intel-common = "${MACHINE}"
+ SRCREV_meta_core2-32-intel-common = "8897ef68b30e7426bc1d39895e71fb155d694974"
+ SRCREV_machine_core2-32-intel-common = "43b9eced9ba8a57add36af07736344dcc383f711"
+ KMACHINE_core2-32-intel-common = "intel-core2-32"
+ KBRANCH_core2-32-intel-common = "standard/base"
+ KERNEL_FEATURES_append_core2-32-intel-common = "${KERNEL_FEATURES_INTEL_COMMON}"
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>KMACHINE</filename> statement says that
+ the kernel understands the machine name as
+ "intel-core2-32".
+ However, the OpenEmbedded build system understands the
+ machine as "core2-32-intel-common".
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-KTYPE'><glossterm>KTYPE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ KTYPE[doc] = "Defines the kernel type to be used in assembling the configuration."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the kernel type to be used in assembling the
+ configuration.
+ The linux-yocto recipes define "standard", "tiny",
+ and "preempt-rt" kernel types.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#kernel-types'>Kernel Types</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development
+ Manual for more information on kernel types.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You define the <filename>KTYPE</filename> variable in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#bsp-descriptions'>BSP Descriptions</ulink>.
+ The value you use must match the value used for the
+ <link linkend='var-LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE'><filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename></link>
+ value used by the kernel recipe.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-l'><title>L</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LABELS'><glossterm>LABELS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LABELS[doc] = "Provides a list of targets for automatic configuration."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Provides a list of targets for automatic configuration.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-grub-efi'><filename>grub-efi</filename></link>
+ class for more information on how this variable is used.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LAYERDEPENDS'><glossterm>LAYERDEPENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LAYERDEPENDS[doc] = "Lists the layers, separated by spaces, upon which this recipe depends. This variable is used in the conf/layer.conf file and must be suffixed with the name of the specific layer."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists the layers that this recipe depends upon, separated by spaces.
+ Optionally, you can specify a specific layer version for a dependency
+ by adding it to the end of the layer name with a colon, (e.g. "anotherlayer:3"
+ to be compared against
+ <link linkend='var-LAYERVERSION'><filename>LAYERVERSION</filename></link><filename>_anotherlayer</filename>
+ in this case).
+ An error will be produced if any dependency is missing or
+ the version numbers do not match exactly (if specified).
+ This variable is used in the <filename>conf/layer.conf</filename> file
+ and must be suffixed with the name of the specific layer (e.g.
+ <filename>LAYERDEPENDS_mylayer</filename>).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LAYERDIR'><glossterm>LAYERDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LAYERDIR[doc] = "When used inside the layer.conf configuration file, this variable provides the path of the current layer."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When used inside the <filename>layer.conf</filename> configuration
+ file, this variable provides the path of the current layer.
+ This variable is not available outside of <filename>layer.conf</filename>
+ and references are expanded immediately when parsing of the file completes.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LAYERVERSION'><glossterm>LAYERVERSION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LAYERVERSION[doc] = "Optionally specifies the version of a layer as a single number. This variable is used in the conf/layer.conf file and must be suffixed with the name of the specific layer."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Optionally specifies the version of a layer as a single number.
+ You can use this within
+ <link linkend='var-LAYERDEPENDS'><filename>LAYERDEPENDS</filename></link>
+ for another layer in order to depend on a specific version
+ of the layer.
+ This variable is used in the <filename>conf/layer.conf</filename> file
+ and must be suffixed with the name of the specific layer (e.g.
+ <filename>LAYERVERSION_mylayer</filename>).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LD'><glossterm>LD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LD[doc] = "Minimal command and arguments to run the linker."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments used to run the
+ linker.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LDFLAGS'><glossterm>LDFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LDFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the linker."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the linker.
+ This variable is exported to an environment
+ variable and thus made visible to the software being
+ built during the compilation step.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Default initialization for <filename>LDFLAGS</filename>
+ varies depending on what is being built:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_LDFLAGS'><filename>TARGET_LDFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for the target
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-BUILD_LDFLAGS'><filename>BUILD_LDFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for the build host (i.e.
+ <filename>-native</filename>)
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDSDK_LDFLAGS'><filename>BUILDSDK_LDFLAGS</filename></link>
+ when building for an SDK (i.e.
+ <filename>nativesdk-</filename>)
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LEAD_SONAME'><glossterm>LEAD_SONAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LEAD_SONAME[doc] = "Specifies the lead (or primary) compiled library file (.so) that the debian class applies its naming policy to given a recipe that packages multiple libraries."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the lead (or primary) compiled library file
+ (<filename>.so</filename>) that the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-debian'><filename>debian</filename></link>
+ class applies its naming policy to given a recipe that
+ packages multiple libraries.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable works in conjunction with the
+ <filename>debian</filename> class.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM'><glossterm>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM[doc] = "Checksums of the license text in the recipe source code."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Checksums of the license text in the recipe source code.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable tracks changes in license text of the source
+ code files.
+ If the license text is changed, it will trigger a build
+ failure, which gives the developer an opportunity to review any
+ license change.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable must be defined for all recipes (unless
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE'><filename>LICENSE</filename></link>
+ is set to "CLOSED").</para>
+ <para>For more information, see the
+ "<link linkend='usingpoky-configuring-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM'>
+ Tracking License Changes</link>" section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LICENSE'><glossterm>LICENSE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LICENSE[doc] = "The list of source licenses for the recipe. The logical operators &, '|', and parentheses can be used."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The list of source licenses for the recipe.
+ Follow these rules:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Do not use spaces within individual
+ license names.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Separate license names using
+ | (pipe) when there is a choice between licenses.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Separate license names using
+ & (ampersand) when multiple licenses exist
+ that cover different parts of the source.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You can use spaces between license
+ names.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>For standard licenses, use the names
+ of the files in
+ <filename>meta/files/common-licenses/</filename>
+ or the
+ <link linkend='var-SPDXLICENSEMAP'><filename>SPDXLICENSEMAP</filename></link>
+ flag names defined in
+ <filename>meta/conf/licenses.conf</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some examples:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE = "LGPLv2.1 | GPLv3"
+ LICENSE = "MPL-1 & LGPLv2.1"
+ LICENSE = "GPLv2+"
+ </literallayout>
+ The first example is from the recipes for Qt, which the user
+ may choose to distribute under either the LGPL version
+ 2.1 or GPL version 3.
+ The second example is from Cairo where two licenses cover
+ different parts of the source code.
+ The final example is from <filename>sysstat</filename>,
+ which presents a single license.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can also specify licenses on a per-package basis to
+ handle situations where components of the output have
+ different licenses.
+ For example, a piece of software whose code is
+ licensed under GPLv2 but has accompanying documentation
+ licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License 1.2 could
+ be specified as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE = "GFDL-1.2 & GPLv2"
+ LICENSE_${PN} = "GPLv2"
+ LICENSE_${PN}-doc = "GFDL-1.2"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LICENSE_FLAGS'><glossterm>LICENSE_FLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LICENSE_FLAGS[doc] = "Specifies additional flags for a recipe you must whitelist through LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST in order to allow the recipe to be built."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies additional flags for a recipe you must
+ whitelist through
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST'><filename>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</filename></link>
+ in order to allow the recipe to be built.
+ When providing multiple flags, separate them with
+ spaces.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This value is independent of
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE'><filename>LICENSE</filename></link>
+ and is typically used to mark recipes that might
+ require additional licenses in order to be used in a
+ commercial product.
+ For more information, see the
+ "<link linkend='enabling-commercially-licensed-recipes'>Enabling Commercially Licensed Recipes</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST'><glossterm>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST[doc] = "Lists license flags that when specified in LICENSE_FLAGS within a recipe should not prevent that recipe from being built."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists license flags that when specified in
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE_FLAGS'><filename>LICENSE_FLAGS</filename></link>
+ within a recipe should not prevent that recipe from being
+ built.
+ This practice is otherwise known as "whitelisting"
+ license flags.
+ For more information, see the
+ <link linkend='enabling-commercially-licensed-recipes'>Enabling Commercially Licensed Recipes</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LICENSE_PATH'><glossterm>LICENSE_PATH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LICENSE_PATH[doc] = "Path to additional licenses used during the build."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Path to additional licenses used during the build.
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system uses <filename>COMMON_LICENSE_DIR</filename>
+ to define the directory that holds common license text used during the build.
+ The <filename>LICENSE_PATH</filename> variable allows you to extend that
+ location to other areas that have additional licenses:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE_PATH += "<replaceable>path-to-additional-common-licenses</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE'><glossterm>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE[doc] = "Defines the kernel type to be used in assembling the configuration."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the kernel type to be used in assembling the
+ configuration.
+ The linux-yocto recipes define "standard", "tiny", and
+ "preempt-rt" kernel types.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_KERNEL_DEV_URL;#kernel-types'>Kernel Types</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development
+ Manual for more information on kernel types.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not specify a
+ <filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename>, it defaults to
+ "standard".
+ Together with
+ <link linkend='var-KMACHINE'><filename>KMACHINE</filename></link>,
+ the <filename>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</filename> variable
+ defines the search
+ arguments used by the kernel tools to find the appropriate
+ description within the kernel
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ with which to build out the sources and configuration.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LINUX_VERSION'><glossterm>LINUX_VERSION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LINUX_VERSION[doc] = "The Linux version from kernel.org on which the Linux kernel image being built using the OpenEmbedded build system is based. You define this variable in the kernel recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The Linux version from <filename>kernel.org</filename>
+ on which the Linux kernel image being built using the
+ OpenEmbedded build system is based.
+ You define this variable in the kernel recipe.
+ For example, the <filename>linux-yocto-3.4.bb</filename>
+ kernel recipe found in
+ <filename>meta/recipes-kernel/linux</filename>
+ defines the variables as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LINUX_VERSION ?= "3.4.24"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>LINUX_VERSION</filename> variable is used to
+ define <link linkend='var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></link>
+ for the recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PV = "${LINUX_VERSION}+git${SRCPV}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LINUX_VERSION_EXTENSION'><glossterm>LINUX_VERSION_EXTENSION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LINUX_VERSION_EXTENSION[doc] = "A string extension compiled into the version string of the Linux kernel built with the OpenEmbedded build system. You define this variable in the kernel recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A string extension compiled into the version
+ string of the Linux kernel built with the OpenEmbedded
+ build system.
+ You define this variable in the kernel recipe.
+ For example, the linux-yocto kernel recipes all define
+ the variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LINUX_VERSION_EXTENSION ?= "-yocto-${<link linkend='var-LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE'>LINUX_KERNEL_TYPE</link>}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Defining this variable essentially sets the
+ Linux kernel configuration item
+ <filename>CONFIG_LOCALVERSION</filename>, which is visible
+ through the <filename>uname</filename> command.
+ Here is an example that shows the extension assuming it
+ was set as previously shown:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ uname -r
+ 3.7.0-rc8-custom
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-LOG_DIR'><glossterm>LOG_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ LOG_DIR[doc] = "Specifies the directory to which the OpenEmbedded build system writes overall log files. The default directory is ${TMPDIR}/log"
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the directory to which the OpenEmbedded build
+ system writes overall log files.
+ The default directory is <filename>${TMPDIR}/log</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For the directory containing logs specific to each task,
+ see the <link linkend='var-T'><filename>T</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-m'><title>M</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MACHINE'><glossterm>MACHINE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MACHINE[doc] = "Specifies the target device for which the image is built. You define MACHINE in the conf/local.conf file in the Build Directory."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the target device for which the image is built.
+ You define <filename>MACHINE</filename> in the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ By default, <filename>MACHINE</filename> is set to
+ "qemux86", which is an x86-based architecture machine to
+ be emulated using QEMU:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MACHINE ?= "qemux86"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The variable corresponds to a machine configuration file of the
+ same name, through which machine-specific configurations are set.
+ Thus, when <filename>MACHINE</filename> is set to "qemux86" there
+ exists the corresponding <filename>qemux86.conf</filename> machine
+ configuration file, which can be found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ in <filename>meta/conf/machine</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The list of machines supported by the Yocto Project as
+ shipped include the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MACHINE ?= "qemuarm"
+ MACHINE ?= "qemuarm64"
+ MACHINE ?= "qemumips"
+ MACHINE ?= "qemumips64"
+ MACHINE ?= "qemuppc"
+ MACHINE ?= "qemux86"
+ MACHINE ?= "qemux86-64"
+ MACHINE ?= "genericx86"
+ MACHINE ?= "genericx86-64"
+ MACHINE ?= "beaglebone"
+ MACHINE ?= "mpc8315e-rdb"
+ MACHINE ?= "edgerouter"
+ </literallayout>
+ The last five are Yocto Project reference hardware boards, which
+ are provided in the <filename>meta-yocto-bsp</filename> layer.
+ <note>Adding additional Board Support Package (BSP) layers
+ to your configuration adds new possible settings for
+ <filename>MACHINE</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MACHINE_ARCH'><glossterm>MACHINE_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MACHINE_ARCH[doc] = "Specifies the name of the machine-specific architecture. This variable is set automatically from MACHINE or TUNE_PKGARCH."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the name of the machine-specific architecture.
+ This variable is set automatically from
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_PKGARCH'><filename>TUNE_PKGARCH</filename></link>.
+ You should not hand-edit the
+ <filename>MACHINE_ARCH</filename> variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'><glossterm>MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS[doc] = "A list of required machine-specific packages to install as part of the image being built. Because this is a 'machine essential' variable, the list of packages are essential for the machine to boot."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of required machine-specific packages to install as part of
+ the image being built.
+ The build process depends on these packages being present.
+ Furthermore, because this is a "machine essential" variable, the list of
+ packages are essential for the machine to boot.
+ The impact of this variable affects images based on
+ <filename>packagegroup-core-boot</filename>,
+ including the <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is similar to the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'>MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS</link></filename>
+ variable with the exception that the image being built has a build
+ dependency on the variable's list of packages.
+ In other words, the image will not build if a file in this list is not found.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As an example, suppose the machine for which you are building requires
+ <filename>example-init</filename> to be run during boot to initialize the hardware.
+ In this case, you would use the following in the machine's
+ <filename>.conf</filename> configuration file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS += "example-init"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'><glossterm>MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS[doc] = "A list of recommended machine-specific packages to install as part of the image being built. Because this is a 'machine essential' variable, the list of packages are essential for the machine to boot."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of recommended machine-specific packages to install as part of
+ the image being built.
+ The build process does not depend on these packages being present.
+ However, because this is a "machine essential" variable, the list of
+ packages are essential for the machine to boot.
+ The impact of this variable affects images based on
+ <filename>packagegroup-core-boot</filename>,
+ including the <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is similar to the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'>MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</link></filename>
+ variable with the exception that the image being built does not have a build
+ dependency on the variable's list of packages.
+ In other words, the image will still build if a package in this list is not found.
+ Typically, this variable is used to handle essential kernel modules, whose
+ functionality may be selected to be built into the kernel rather than as a module,
+ in which case a package will not be produced.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Consider an example where you have a custom kernel where a specific touchscreen
+ driver is required for the machine to be usable.
+ However, the driver can be built as a module or
+ into the kernel depending on the kernel configuration.
+ If the driver is built as a module, you want it to be installed.
+ But, when the driver is built into the kernel, you still want the
+ build to succeed.
+ This variable sets up a "recommends" relationship so that in the latter case,
+ the build will not fail due to the missing package.
+ To accomplish this, assuming the package for the module was called
+ <filename>kernel-module-ab123</filename>, you would use the
+ following in the machine's <filename>.conf</filename> configuration
+ file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS += "kernel-module-ab123"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some examples of these machine essentials are flash, screen, keyboard, mouse,
+ or touchscreen drivers (depending on the machine).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'><glossterm>MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS[doc] = "A list of machine-specific packages to install as part of the image being built that are not essential for the machine to boot. However, the build process for more fully-featured images depends on the packages being present."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of machine-specific packages to install as part of the
+ image being built that are not essential for the machine to boot.
+ However, the build process for more fully-featured images
+ depends on the packages being present.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable affects all images based on
+ <filename>packagegroup-base</filename>, which does not include the
+ <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> or <filename>core-image-full-cmdline</filename>
+ images.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The variable is similar to the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'>MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS</link></filename>
+ variable with the exception that the image being built has a build
+ dependency on the variable's list of packages.
+ In other words, the image will not build if a file in this list is not found.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ An example is a machine that has WiFi capability but is not
+ essential for the machine to boot the image.
+ However, if you are building a more fully-featured image, you want to enable
+ the WiFi.
+ The package containing the firmware for the WiFi hardware is always
+ expected to exist, so it is acceptable for the build process to depend upon
+ finding the package.
+ In this case, assuming the package for the firmware was called
+ <filename>wifidriver-firmware</filename>, you would use the following in the
+ <filename>.conf</filename> file for the machine:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS += "wifidriver-firmware"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'><glossterm>MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS[doc] = "A list of machine-specific packages to install as part of the image being built that are not essential for booting the machine. The image being built has no build dependencies on the packages in this list."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of machine-specific packages to install as part of the
+ image being built that are not essential for booting the machine.
+ The image being built has no build dependency on this list of packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable affects only images based on
+ <filename>packagegroup-base</filename>, which does not include the
+ <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> or <filename>core-image-full-cmdline</filename>
+ images.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is similar to the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'>MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS</link></filename>
+ variable with the exception that the image being built does not have a build
+ dependency on the variable's list of packages.
+ In other words, the image will build if a file in this list is not found.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ An example is a machine that has WiFi capability but is not essential
+ For the machine to boot the image.
+ However, if you are building a more fully-featured image, you want to enable
+ WiFi.
+ In this case, the package containing the WiFi kernel module will not be produced
+ if the WiFi driver is built into the kernel, in which case you still want the
+ build to succeed instead of failing as a result of the package not being found.
+ To accomplish this, assuming the package for the module was called
+ <filename>kernel-module-examplewifi</filename>, you would use the
+ following in the <filename>.conf</filename> file for the machine:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS += "kernel-module-examplewifi"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MACHINE_FEATURES'><glossterm>MACHINE_FEATURES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MACHINE_FEATURES[doc] = "Specifies the list of hardware features the MACHINE supports."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the list of hardware features the
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link> is capable
+ of supporting.
+ For related information on enabling features, see the
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-COMBINED_FEATURES'><filename>COMBINED_FEATURES</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For a list of hardware features supported by the Yocto
+ Project as shipped, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-features-machine'>Machine Features</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL'><glossterm>MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL[doc] = "Features to be added to MACHINE_FEATURES if not also present in MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED. This variable is set in the meta/conf/bitbake.conf file and is not intended to be user-configurable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Features to be added to
+ <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES'>MACHINE_FEATURES</link></filename>
+ if not also present in
+ <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED'>MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED</link></filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is set in the <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> file.
+ It is not intended to be user-configurable.
+ It is best to just reference the variable to see which machine features are
+ being backfilled for all machine configurations.
+ See the "<link linkend='ref-features-backfill'>Feature backfilling</link>" section for
+ more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED'><glossterm>MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED[doc] = "Features from MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL that should not be backfilled (i.e. added to MACHINE_FEATURES) during the build."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Features from
+ <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL'>MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL</link></filename>
+ that should not be backfilled (i.e. added to
+ <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES'>MACHINE_FEATURES</link></filename>)
+ during the build.
+ See the "<link linkend='ref-features-backfill'>Feature backfilling</link>" section for
+ more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MACHINEOVERRIDES'><glossterm>MACHINEOVERRIDES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MACHINEOVERRIDES[doc] = "Lists overrides specific to the current machine. By default, this list includes the value of MACHINE."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists overrides specific to the current machine.
+ By default, this list includes the value
+ of <filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE'>MACHINE</link></filename>.
+ You can extend the list to apply variable overrides for
+ classes of machines.
+ For example, all QEMU emulated machines (e.g. qemuarm,
+ qemux86, and so forth) include a common file named
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/qemu.inc</filename>
+ that prepends <filename>MACHINEOVERRIDES</filename> with
+ the following variable override:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MACHINEOVERRIDES =. "qemuall:"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Applying an override like <filename>qemuall</filename>
+ affects all QEMU emulated machines elsewhere.
+ Here is an example from the
+ <filename>connman-conf</filename> recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRC_URI_append_qemuall = "file://wired.config \
+ file://wired-setup \
+ "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MAINTAINER'><glossterm>MAINTAINER</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MAINTAINER[doc] = "The email address of the distribution maintainer."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The email address of the distribution maintainer.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MIRRORS'><glossterm>MIRRORS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MIRRORS[doc] = "Specifies additional paths from which the OpenEmbedded build system gets source code."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies additional paths from which the OpenEmbedded
+ build system gets source code.
+ When the build system searches for source code, it first
+ tries the local download directory.
+ If that location fails, the build system tries locations
+ defined by
+ <link linkend='var-PREMIRRORS'><filename>PREMIRRORS</filename></link>,
+ the upstream source, and then locations specified by
+ <filename>MIRRORS</filename> in that order.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Assuming your distribution
+ (<link linkend='var-DISTRO'><filename>DISTRO</filename></link>)
+ is "poky", the default value for
+ <filename>MIRRORS</filename> is defined in the
+ <filename>conf/distro/poky.conf</filename> file in the
+ <filename>meta-yocto</filename> Git repository.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MLPREFIX'><glossterm>MLPREFIX</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MLPREFIX[doc] = "Specifies a prefix has been added to PN to create a special version of a recipe or package, such as a Multilib version."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a prefix has been added to
+ <link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link> to create a special version
+ of a recipe or package, such as a Multilib version.
+ The variable is used in places where the prefix needs to be
+ added to or removed from a the name (e.g. the
+ <link linkend='var-BPN'><filename>BPN</filename></link> variable).
+ <filename>MLPREFIX</filename> gets set when a prefix has been
+ added to <filename>PN</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-module_autoload'><glossterm>module_autoload</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ module_autoload[doc] = "This variable has been replaced by the KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD variable. You should replace all occurrences of module_autoload with additions to KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ This variable has been replaced by the
+ <filename>KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD</filename> variable.
+ You should replace all occurrences of
+ <filename>module_autoload</filename> with additions to
+ <filename>KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD</filename>, for example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ module_autoload_rfcomm = "rfcomm"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ should now be replaced with:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD += "rfcomm"
+ </literallayout>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD'><filename>KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD</filename></link>
+ variable for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-module_conf'><glossterm>module_conf</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ module_conf[doc] = "Specifies modprobe.d syntax lines for inclusion in the /etc/modprobe.d/modname.conf file."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies
+ <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/5/modprobe.d'><filename>modprobe.d</filename></ulink>
+ syntax lines for inclusion in the
+ <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/modname.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use this variable anywhere that it can be
+ recognized by the kernel recipe or out-of-tree kernel
+ module recipe (e.g. a machine configuration file, a
+ distribution configuration file, an append file for the
+ recipe, or the recipe itself).
+ If you use this variable, you must also be sure to list
+ the module name in the
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD'><filename>KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is the general syntax:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ module_conf_<replaceable>module_name</replaceable> = "<replaceable>modprobe.d-syntax</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ You must use the kernel module name override.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Run <filename>man modprobe.d</filename> in the shell to
+ find out more information on the exact syntax
+ you want to provide with <filename>module_conf</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Including <filename>module_conf</filename> causes the
+ OpenEmbedded build system to populate the
+ <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/modname.conf</filename>
+ file with <filename>modprobe.d</filename> syntax lines.
+ Here is an example that adds the options
+ <filename>arg1</filename> and <filename>arg2</filename>
+ to a module named <filename>mymodule</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ module_conf_mymodule = "options mymodule arg1=val1 arg2=val2"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on how to specify kernel modules to
+ auto-load on boot, see the
+ <link linkend='var-KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD'><filename>KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MODULE_IMAGE_BASE_NAME'><glossterm>MODULE_IMAGE_BASE_NAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MODULE_IMAGE_BASE_NAME[doc] = "The base name of the kernel modules tarball."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The base name of the kernel modules tarball.
+ This variable is set in the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-kernel'>kernel</link> class
+ as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MODULE_IMAGE_BASE_NAME ?= "modules-${PKGE}-${PKGV}-${PKGR}-${MACHINE}-${DATETIME}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-PKGE'><filename>PKGE</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-PKGV'><filename>PKGV</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-PKGR'><filename>PKGR</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-DATETIME'><filename>DATETIME</filename></link>
+ variables for additional information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MODULE_TARBALL_DEPLOY'><glossterm>MODULE_TARBALL_DEPLOY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MODULE_TARBALL_DEPLOY[doc] = "Controls creation of the modules-*.tgz file. Set this variable to "0" to disable creation of this file, which contains all of the kernel modules resulting from a kernel build."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Controls creation of the <filename>modules-*.tgz</filename>
+ file.
+ Set this variable to "0" to disable creation of this
+ file, which contains all of the kernel modules resulting
+ from a kernel build.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS'><glossterm>MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS[doc] = "Separates files for different machines such that you can build for multiple target machines using the same output directories."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Separates files for different machines such that you can build
+ for multiple target machines using the same output directories.
+ See the <link linkend='var-STAMP'><filename>STAMP</filename></link> variable
+ for an example.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-n'><title>N</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-NATIVELSBSTRING'><glossterm>NATIVELSBSTRING</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ NATIVELSBSTRING[doc] = "A string identifying the host distribution."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A string identifying the host distribution.
+ Strings consist of the host distributor ID
+ followed by the release, as reported by the
+ <filename>lsb_release</filename> tool
+ or as read from <filename>/etc/lsb-release</filename>.
+ For example, when running a build on Ubuntu 12.10, the value
+ is "Ubuntu-12.10".
+ If this information is unable to be determined, the value
+ resolves to "Unknown".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is used by default to isolate native shared
+ state packages for different distributions (e.g. to avoid
+ problems with <filename>glibc</filename> version
+ incompatibilities).
+ Additionally, the variable is checked against
+ <link linkend='var-SANITY_TESTED_DISTROS'><filename>SANITY_TESTED_DISTROS</filename></link>
+ if that variable is set.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-NM'><glossterm>NM</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ NM[doc] = "Minimal command and arguments to run 'nm'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments to run
+ <filename>nm</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-NO_RECOMMENDATIONS'><glossterm>NO_RECOMMENDATIONS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ NO_RECOMMENDATIONS[doc] = "When set to '1', no recommended packages will be installed. Realize that some recommended packages might be required for certain system functionality, such as kernel-modules. It is up to the user to add packages to IMAGE_INSTALL as needed."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Prevents installation of all "recommended-only" packages.
+ Recommended-only packages are packages installed only
+ through the
+ <link linkend='var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></link>
+ variable).
+ Setting the <filename>NO_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename> variable
+ to "1" turns this feature on:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ NO_RECOMMENDATIONS = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can set this variable globally in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file or you can attach it to
+ a specific image recipe by using the recipe name override:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ NO_RECOMMENDATIONS_pn-<replaceable>target_image</replaceable> = "<replaceable>package_name</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is important to realize that if you choose to not install
+ packages using this variable and some other packages are
+ dependent on them (i.e. listed in a recipe's
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>
+ variable), the OpenEmbedded build system ignores your
+ request and will install the packages to avoid dependency
+ errors.
+ <note>
+ Some recommended packages might be required for certain
+ system functionality, such as kernel modules.
+ It is up to you to add packages with the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Support for this variable exists only when using the
+ IPK and RPM packaging backend.
+ Support does not exist for DEB.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS'><filename>BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename></link>
+ and the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_EXCLUDE'><filename>PACKAGE_EXCLUDE</filename></link>
+ variables for related information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-NOHDD'><glossterm>NOHDD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ NOHDD[doc] = "Causes the OpenEmbedded build system to skip building the .hddimg image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Causes the OpenEmbedded build system to skip building the
+ <filename>.hddimg</filename> image.
+ The <filename>NOHDD</filename> variable is used with the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-bootimg'><filename>bootimg</filename></link>
+ class.
+ Set the variable to "1" to prevent the
+ <filename>.hddimg</filename> image from being built.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-NOISO'><glossterm>NOISO</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ NOISO[doc] = "Causes the OpenEmbedded build system to skip building the ISO image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Causes the OpenEmbedded build system to skip building the
+ ISO image.
+ The <filename>NOISO</filename> variable is used with the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-bootimg'><filename>bootimg</filename></link>
+ class.
+ Set the variable to "1" to prevent the ISO image from
+ being built.
+ To enable building an ISO image, set the variable to "0".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-o'><title>O</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-OBJCOPY'><glossterm>OBJCOPY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ OBJCOPY[doc] = "Minimal command and arguments to run 'objcopy'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments to run
+ <filename>objcopy</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-OBJDUMP'><glossterm>OBJDUMP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ OBJDUMP[doc] = "Minimal command and arguments to run 'objdump'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments to run
+ <filename>objdump</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-OE_BINCONFIG_EXTRA_MANGLE'><glossterm>OE_BINCONFIG_EXTRA_MANGLE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ OE_BINCONFIG_EXTRA_MANGLE[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the binconfig.bbclass class, this variable specifies additional arguments passed to the "sed" command."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-binconfig'><filename>binconfig</filename></link>
+ class, this variable
+ specifies additional arguments passed to the "sed" command.
+ The sed command alters any paths in configuration scripts
+ that have been set up during compilation.
+ Inheriting this class results in all paths in these scripts
+ being changed to point into the
+ <filename>sysroots/</filename> directory so that all builds
+ that use the script will use the correct directories
+ for the cross compiling layout.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the <filename>meta/classes/binconfig.bbclass</filename>
+ in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ for details on how this class applies these additional
+ sed command arguments.
+ For general information on the
+ <filename>binconfig.bbclass</filename> class, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-binconfig'>Binary Configuration Scripts - <filename>binconfig.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-OE_IMPORTS'><glossterm>OE_IMPORTS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ OE_IMPORTS[doc] = "An internal variable used to tell the OpenEmbedded build system what Python modules to import for every Python function run by the system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ An internal variable used to tell the OpenEmbedded build
+ system what Python modules to import for every Python
+ function run by the system.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Do not set this variable.
+ It is for internal use only.
+ </note>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-OE_TERMINAL'><glossterm>OE_TERMINAL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ OE_TERMINAL[doc] = "Controls how the OpenEmbedded build system spawns interactive terminals on the host development system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Controls how the OpenEmbedded build system spawns
+ interactive terminals on the host development system
+ (e.g. using the BitBake command with the
+ <filename>-c devshell</filename> command-line option).
+ For more information, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#platdev-appdev-devshell'>Using a Development Shell</ulink>" section
+ in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use the following values for the
+ <filename>OE_TERMINAL</filename> variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ auto
+ gnome
+ xfce
+ rxvt
+ screen
+ konsole
+ none
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-OEROOT'><glossterm>OEROOT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ OEROOT[doc] = "The directory from which the top-level build environment setup script is sourced."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The directory from which the top-level build environment
+ setup script is sourced.
+ The Yocto Project makes two top-level build environment
+ setup scripts available:
+ <link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>.
+ When you run one of these scripts, the
+ <filename>OEROOT</filename> variable resolves to the
+ directory that contains the script.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For additional information on how this variable is used,
+ see the initialization scripts.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-OLDEST_KERNEL'><glossterm>OLDEST_KERNEL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ OLDEST_KERNEL[doc] = "Declares the oldest version of the Linux kernel that the produced binaries must support."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Declares the oldest version of the Linux kernel that the
+ produced binaries must support.
+ This variable is passed into the build of the Embedded
+ GNU C Library (<filename>glibc</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default for this variable comes from the
+ <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> configuration
+ file.
+ You can override this default by setting the variable
+ in a custom distribution configuration file.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-OVERRIDES'><glossterm>OVERRIDES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ OVERRIDES[doc] = "BitBake uses OVERRIDES to control what variables are overridden after BitBake parses recipes and configuration files."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ BitBake uses <filename>OVERRIDES</filename> to control
+ what variables are overridden after BitBake parses
+ recipes and configuration files.
+ You can find more information on how overrides are handled
+ in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#conditional-syntax-overrides'>Conditional Syntax (Overrides)</ulink>"
+ section of the BitBake User Manual.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-p'><title>P</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-P'><glossterm>P</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ P[doc] = "The recipe name and version. P is comprised of ${PN}-${PV}."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The recipe name and version.
+ <filename>P</filename> is comprised of the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${PN}-${PV}
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGE_ARCH'><glossterm>PACKAGE_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGE_ARCH[doc] = "The architecture of the resulting package or packages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The architecture of the resulting package or packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the value of this variable is set to
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_PKGARCH'><filename>TUNE_PKGARCH</filename></link>
+ when building for the target,
+ <filename>BUILD_ARCH</filename> when building for the
+ build host and "${SDK_ARCH}-${SDKPKGSUFFIX}" when building
+ for the SDK.
+ However, if your recipe's output packages are built
+ specific to the target machine rather than general for
+ the architecture of the machine, you should set
+ <filename>PACKAGE_ARCH</filename> to the value of
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE_ARCH'><filename>MACHINE_ARCH</filename></link>
+ in the recipe as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_ARCH = "${MACHINE_ARCH}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGE_ARCHS'><glossterm>PACKAGE_ARCHS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGE_ARCHS[doc] = "A list of architectures compatible with the given target in order of priority."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of architectures compatible with
+ the target machine.
+ This variable is set automatically and should not
+ normally be hand-edited.
+ Entries are separated using spaces and listed in order
+ of priority.
+ The default value for
+ <filename>PACKAGE_ARCHS</filename> is "all any noarch
+ ${PACKAGE_EXTRA_ARCHS} ${MACHINE_ARCH}".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGE_BEFORE_PN'><glossterm>PACKAGE_BEFORE_PN</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGE_BEFORE_PN[doc] = "Enables easily adding packages to PACKAGES before ${PN} so that the packages can pick up files that would normally be included in the default package."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Enables easily adding packages to
+ <filename><link linkend='var-PACKAGES'>PACKAGES</link></filename>
+ before <filename>${<link linkend='var-PN'>PN</link>}</filename>
+ so that those added packages can pick up files that would normally be
+ included in the default package.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><glossterm>PACKAGE_CLASSES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGE_CLASSES[doc] = "This variable specifies the package manager to use when packaging data. It is set in the conf/local.conf file in the Build Directory."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ This variable, which is set in the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file found in
+ the <filename>conf</filename> folder of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
+ specifies the package manager the OpenEmbedded build system
+ uses when packaging data.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can provide one or more of the following arguments for
+ the variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_rpm package_deb package_ipk package_tar"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note><title>Warning</title>
+ While it is a legal option, the
+ <filename>package_tar</filename> class is broken
+ and is not supported.
+ It is recommended that you do not use it.
+ </note>
+ The build system uses only the first argument in the list
+ as the package manager when creating your image or SDK.
+ However, packages will be created using any additional
+ packaging classes you specify.
+ For example, if you use the following in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_ipk"
+ </literallayout>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses the IPK package manager
+ to create your image or SDK.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on packaging and build performance effects
+ as a result of the package manager in use, see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-package'><filename>package.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT_STYLE'><glossterm>PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT_STYLE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT_STYLE[doc] = "Determines how to split up the binary and debug information when creating *-dbg packages to be used with the GNU Project Debugger (GDB)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Determines how to split up the binary and debug information
+ when creating <filename>*-dbg</filename> packages to be
+ used with the GNU Project Debugger (GDB).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ With the
+ <filename>PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT_STYLE</filename> variable,
+ you can control where debug information, which can include
+ or exclude source files, is stored:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ ".debug": Debug symbol files are placed next
+ to the binary in a <filename>.debug</filename>
+ directory on the target.
+ For example, if a binary is installed into
+ <filename>/bin</filename>, the corresponding debug
+ symbol files are installed in
+ <filename>/bin/.debug</filename>.
+ Source files are placed in
+ <filename>/usr/src/debug</filename>.
+ This is the default behavior.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ "debug-file-directory": Debug symbol files are
+ placed under <filename>/usr/lib/debug</filename>
+ on the target, and separated by the path from where
+ the binary is installed.
+ For example, if a binary is installed in
+ <filename>/bin</filename>, the corresponding debug
+ symbols are installed in
+ <filename>/usr/lib/debug/bin</filename>.
+ Source files are placed in
+ <filename>/usr/src/debug</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ "debug-without-src": The same behavior as
+ ".debug" previously described with the exception
+ that no source files are installed.
+ </para></listitem>.
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can find out more about debugging using GDB by reading
+ the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#platdev-gdb-remotedebug'>Debugging With the GNU Project Debugger (GDB) Remotely</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGE_EXCLUDE'><glossterm>PACKAGE_EXCLUDE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGE_EXCLUDE[doc] = "Packages to exclude from the installation. If a listed package is required, an error is generated."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists packages that should not be installed into an image.
+ For example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_EXCLUDE = "<replaceable>package_name</replaceable> <replaceable>package_name</replaceable> <replaceable>package_name</replaceable> ..."
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can set this variable globally in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file or you can attach it to
+ a specific image recipe by using the recipe name override:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_EXCLUDE_pn-<replaceable>target_image</replaceable> = "<replaceable>package_name</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you choose to not install
+ a package using this variable and some other package is
+ dependent on it (i.e. listed in a recipe's
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>
+ variable), the OpenEmbedded build system generates a fatal
+ installation error.
+ Because the build system halts the process with a fatal
+ error, you can use the variable with an iterative
+ development process to remove specific components from a
+ system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Support for this variable exists only when using the
+ IPK and RPM packaging backend.
+ Support does not exist for DEB.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-NO_RECOMMENDATIONS'><filename>NO_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename></link>
+ and the
+ <link linkend='var-BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS'><filename>BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename></link>
+ variables for related information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGE_EXTRA_ARCHS'><glossterm>PACKAGE_EXTRA_ARCHS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGE_EXTRA_ARCHS[doc] = "Specifies the list of architectures compatible with the device CPU. This variable is useful when you build for several different devices that use miscellaneous processors."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the list of architectures compatible with the device CPU.
+ This variable is useful when you build for several different devices that use
+ miscellaneous processors such as XScale and ARM926-EJS.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGE_GROUP'><glossterm>PACKAGE_GROUP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGE_GROUP[doc] = "Defines one or more packages to include in an image when a specific item is included in IMAGE_FEATURES."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The <filename>PACKAGE_GROUP</filename> variable has been
+ renamed to
+ <link linkend='var-FEATURE_PACKAGES'><filename>FEATURE_PACKAGES</filename></link>.
+ See the variable description for
+ <filename>FEATURE_PACKAGES</filename> for information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If if you use the <filename>PACKAGE_GROUP</filename>
+ variable, the OpenEmbedded build system issues a warning
+ message.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGE_INSTALL'><glossterm>PACKAGE_INSTALL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGE_INSTALL[doc] = "List of the packages to be installed into the image. The variable is generally not user-defined and uses IMAGE_INSTALL as part of the list."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The final list of packages passed to the package manager
+ for installation into the image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because the package manager controls actual installation
+ of all packages, the list of packages passed using
+ <filename>PACKAGE_INSTALL</filename> is not the final list
+ of packages that are actually installed.
+ This variable is internal to the image construction
+ code.
+ Consequently, in general, you should use the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_INSTALL'><filename>IMAGE_INSTALL</filename></link>
+ variable to specify packages for installation.
+ The exception to this is when working with
+ the
+ <link linkend='images-core-image-minimal-initramfs'><filename>core-image-minimal-initramfs</filename></link>
+ image.
+ When working with an initial RAM disk (initramfs)
+ image, use the <filename>PACKAGE_INSTALL</filename>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGE_INSTALL_ATTEMPTONLY'><glossterm>PACKAGE_INSTALL_ATTEMPTONLY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGE_INSTALL_ATTEMPTONLY[doc] = "List of packages attempted to be installed when creating an image. If a listed package fails to install, the build system does not generate an error. This variable is generally not user-defined."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of packages the OpenEmbedded build
+ system attempts to install when creating an image.
+ If a listed package fails to install, the build system
+ does not generate an error.
+ This variable is generally not user-defined.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGE_PREPROCESS_FUNCS'><glossterm>PACKAGE_PREPROCESS_FUNCS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGE_PREPROCESS_FUNCS[doc] = "Specifies a list of functions run to pre-process the PKGD directory prior to splitting the files out to individual packages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of functions run to pre-process the
+ <link linkend='var-PKGD'><filename>PKGD</filename></link>
+ directory prior to splitting the files out to individual
+ packages.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGECONFIG'><glossterm>PACKAGECONFIG</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGECONFIG[doc] = "This variable provides a means of enabling or disabling features of a recipe on a per-recipe basis."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ This variable provides a means of enabling or disabling
+ features of a recipe on a per-recipe basis.
+ <filename>PACKAGECONFIG</filename> blocks are defined
+ in recipes when you specify features and then arguments
+ that define feature behaviors.
+ Here is the basic block structure:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGECONFIG ??= "f1 f2 f3 ..."
+ PACKAGECONFIG[f1] = "--with-f1,--without-f1,build-deps-f1,rt-deps-f1"
+ PACKAGECONFIG[f2] = "--with-f2,--without-f2,build-deps-f2,rt-deps-f2"
+ PACKAGECONFIG[f3] = "--with-f3,--without-f3,build-deps-f3,rt-deps-f3"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>PACKAGECONFIG</filename>
+ variable itself specifies a space-separated list of the
+ features to enable.
+ Following the features, you can determine the behavior of
+ each feature by providing up to four order-dependent
+ arguments, which are separated by commas.
+ You can omit any argument you like but must retain the
+ separating commas.
+ The order is important and specifies the following:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Extra arguments
+ that should be added to the configure script
+ argument list
+ (<link linkend='var-EXTRA_OECONF'><filename>EXTRA_OECONF</filename></link>)
+ if the feature is enabled.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Extra arguments
+ that should be added to <filename>EXTRA_OECONF</filename>
+ if the feature is disabled.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Additional build dependencies
+ (<link linkend='var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></link>)
+ that should be added if the feature is enabled.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Additional runtime dependencies
+ (<link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>)
+ that should be added if the feature is enabled.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Consider the following
+ <filename>PACKAGECONFIG</filename> block taken from the
+ <filename>librsvg</filename> recipe.
+ In this example the feature is <filename>croco</filename>,
+ which has three arguments that determine the feature's
+ behavior.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGECONFIG ??= "croco"
+ PACKAGECONFIG[croco] = "--with-croco,--without-croco,libcroco"
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>--with-croco</filename> and
+ <filename>libcroco</filename> arguments apply only if
+ the feature is enabled.
+ In this case, <filename>--with-croco</filename> is
+ added to the configure script argument list and
+ <filename>libcroco</filename> is added to
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DEPENDS'>DEPENDS</link></filename>.
+ On the other hand, if the feature is disabled say through
+ a <filename>.bbappend</filename> file in another layer, then
+ the second argument <filename>--without-croco</filename> is
+ added to the configure script rather than
+ <filename>--with-croco</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The basic <filename>PACKAGECONFIG</filename> structure
+ previously described holds true regardless of whether you
+ are creating a block or changing a block.
+ When creating a block, use the structure inside your
+ recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you want to change an existing
+ <filename>PACKAGECONFIG</filename> block, you can do so
+ one of two ways:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Append file:</emphasis>
+ Create an append file named
+ <replaceable>recipename</replaceable><filename>.bbappend</filename>
+ in your layer and override the value of
+ <filename>PACKAGECONFIG</filename>.
+ You can either completely override the variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGECONFIG="f4 f5"
+ </literallayout>
+ Or, you can just append the variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGECONFIG_append = " f4"
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Configuration file:</emphasis>
+ This method is identical to changing the block
+ through an append file except you edit your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> or
+ <filename><replaceable>mydistro</replaceable>.conf</filename> file.
+ As with append files previously described,
+ you can either completely override the variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGECONFIG_pn-<replaceable>recipename</replaceable>="f4 f5"
+ </literallayout>
+ Or, you can just amend the variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGECONFIG_append_pn-<replaceable>recipename</replaceable> = " f4"
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGEGROUP_DISABLE_COMPLEMENTARY'><glossterm>PACKAGEGROUP_DISABLE_COMPLEMENTARY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGEGROUP_DISABLE_COMPLEMENTARY[doc] = "Prevents automatic creation of the normal complementary packages such as -dev and -dbg in a packagegroup recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ For recipes inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-packagegroup'><filename>packagegroup</filename></link>
+ class, setting
+ <filename>PACKAGEGROUP_DISABLE_COMPLEMENTARY</filename> to
+ "1" specifies that the normal complementary packages
+ (i.e. <filename>-dev</filename>,
+ <filename>-dbg</filename>, and so forth) should not be
+ automatically created by the
+ <filename>packagegroup</filename> recipe, which is the
+ default behavior.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGES'><glossterm>PACKAGES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGES[doc] = "The list of packages to be created from the recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The list of packages to be created from the recipe.
+ The default value is the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${PN}-dbg ${PN}-staticdev ${PN}-dev ${PN}-doc ${PN}-locale ${PACKAGE_BEFORE_PN} ${PN}
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGES_DYNAMIC'><glossterm>PACKAGES_DYNAMIC</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGES_DYNAMIC[doc] = "A promise that your recipe satisfies runtime dependencies for optional modules that are found in other recipes."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A promise that your recipe satisfies runtime dependencies
+ for optional modules that are found in other recipes.
+ <filename>PACKAGES_DYNAMIC</filename>
+ does not actually satisfy the dependencies, it only states that
+ they should be satisfied.
+ For example, if a hard, runtime dependency
+ (<link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>)
+ of another package is satisfied
+ at build time through the <filename>PACKAGES_DYNAMIC</filename>
+ variable, but a package with the module name is never actually
+ produced, then the other package will be broken.
+ Thus, if you attempt to include that package in an image,
+ you will get a dependency failure from the packaging system
+ during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-rootfs'><filename>do_rootfs</filename></link>
+ task.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Typically, if there is a chance that such a situation can
+ occur and the package that is not created is valid
+ without the dependency being satisfied, then you should use
+ <link linkend='var-RRECOMMENDS'><filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename></link>
+ (a soft runtime dependency) instead of
+ <filename>RDEPENDS</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For an example of how to use the <filename>PACKAGES_DYNAMIC</filename>
+ variable when you are splitting packages, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#handling-optional-module-packaging'>Handling Optional Module Packaging</ulink>" section
+ in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PACKAGESPLITFUNCS'><glossterm>PACKAGESPLITFUNCS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PACKAGESPLITFUNCS[doc] = "Specifies a list of functions run to perform additional splitting of files into individual packages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of functions run to perform additional
+ splitting of files into individual packages.
+ Recipes can either prepend to this variable or prepend
+ to the <filename>populate_packages</filename> function
+ in order to perform additional package splitting.
+ In either case, the function should set
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-FILES'><filename>FILES</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'><filename>RDEPENDS</filename></link>
+ and other packaging variables appropriately in order to
+ perform the desired splitting.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PARALLEL_MAKE'><glossterm>PARALLEL_MAKE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PARALLEL_MAKE[doc] = "Specifies extra options that are passed to the make command during the compile tasks. This variable is usually in the form -j x, where x represents the maximum number of parallel threads make can run."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Extra options passed to the <filename>make</filename>
+ command during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ task in order to specify parallel compilation on the local
+ build host.
+ This variable is usually in the form "-j <replaceable>x</replaceable>",
+ where <replaceable>x</replaceable> represents the maximum
+ number of parallel threads <filename>make</filename> can
+ run.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system automatically
+ sets this variable to be equal to the number of cores the
+ build system uses.
+ <note>
+ If the software being built experiences dependency
+ issues during the <filename>do_compile</filename>
+ task that result in race conditions, you can clear
+ the <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename> variable within
+ the recipe as a workaround.
+ For information on addressing race conditions, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#debugging-parallel-make-races'>Debugging Parallel Make Races</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </note>
+ For single socket systems (i.e. one CPU), you should not
+ have to override this variable to gain optimal parallelism
+ during builds.
+ However, if you have very large systems that employ
+ multiple physical CPUs, you might want to make sure the
+ <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename> variable is not
+ set higher than "-j 20".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on speeding up builds, see the
+ "<link linkend='speeding-up-the-build'>Speeding Up the Build</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PARALLEL_MAKEINST'><glossterm>PARALLEL_MAKEINST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PARALLEL_MAKEINST[doc] = "Extra options passed to the make install command during the do_install task in order to specify parallel installation."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Extra options passed to the
+ <filename>make install</filename> command during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task in order to specify parallel installation.
+ This variable defaults to the value of
+ <link linkend='var-PARALLEL_MAKE'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename></link>.
+ <note>
+ If the software being built experiences dependency
+ issues during the
+ <filename>do_install</filename> task that result in
+ race conditions, you can clear the
+ <filename>PARALLEL_MAKEINST</filename> variable within
+ the recipe as a workaround.
+ For information on addressing race conditions, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#debugging-parallel-make-races'>Debugging Parallel Make Races</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PATCHRESOLVE'><glossterm>PATCHRESOLVE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PATCHRESOLVE[doc] = "Enable or disable interactive patch resolution."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Determines the action to take when a patch fails.
+ You can set this variable to one of two values: "noop" and
+ "user".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value of "noop" causes the build to simply fail
+ when the OpenEmbedded build system cannot successfully
+ apply a patch.
+ Setting the value to "user" causes the build system to
+ launch a shell and places you in the right location so that
+ you can manually resolve the conflicts.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Set this variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PATCHTOOL'><glossterm>PATCHTOOL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PATCHTOOL[doc] = "Specifies the utility used to apply patches for a recipe during do_patch."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the utility used to apply patches for a recipe
+ during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-patch'><filename>do_patch</filename></link>
+ task.
+ You can specify one of three utilities: "patch", "quilt", or
+ "git".
+ The default utility used is "quilt" except for the
+ quilt-native recipe itself.
+ Because the quilt tool is not available at the
+ time quilt-native is being patched, it uses "patch".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you wish to use an alternative patching tool, set the
+ variable in the recipe using one of the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PATCHTOOL = "patch"
+ PATCHTOOL = "quilt"
+ PATCHTOOL = "git"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PE'><glossterm>PE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PE[doc] = "The epoch of the recipe. The default value is '0'. The field is used to make upgrades possible when the versioning scheme changes in some backwards incompatible way."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The epoch of the recipe.
+ By default, this variable is unset.
+ The variable is used to make upgrades possible when the
+ versioning scheme changes in some backwards incompatible
+ way.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PF'><glossterm>PF</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PF[doc] = "Specifies the recipe or package name and includes all version and revision numbers. This variable is comprised of ${PN}-${EXTENDPE}${PV}-${PR}."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the recipe or package name and includes all version and revision
+ numbers (i.e. <filename>glibc-2.13-r20+svnr15508/</filename> and
+ <filename>bash-4.2-r1/</filename>).
+ This variable is comprised of the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${<link linkend='var-PN'>PN</link>}-${<link linkend='var-EXTENDPE'>EXTENDPE</link>}${<link linkend='var-PV'>PV</link>}-${<link linkend='var-PR'>PR</link>}
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PIXBUF_PACKAGES'><glossterm>PIXBUF_PACKAGES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PIXBUF_PACKAGES[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the pixbufcache class, this variable identifies packages that contain the pixbuf loaders used with gdk-pixbuf."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-pixbufcache'><filename>pixbufcache</filename></link>
+ class, this variable identifies packages that contain
+ the pixbuf loaders used with
+ <filename>gdk-pixbuf</filename>.
+ By default, the <filename>pixbufcache</filename> class
+ assumes that the loaders are in the recipe's main package
+ (i.e. <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link><filename>}</filename>).
+ Use this variable if the loaders you need are in a package
+ other than that main package.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PKG'><glossterm>PKG</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PKG[doc] = "The name of the resulting package created by the OpenEmbedded build system. When you use this variable, you must use a package name override."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The name of the resulting package created by the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ <note>
+ When using the <filename>PKG</filename> variable, you
+ must use a package name override.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, when the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-debian'><filename>debian</filename></link>
+ class renames the output package, it does so by setting
+ <filename>PKG_<replaceable>packagename</replaceable></filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PKG_CONFIG_PATH'><glossterm>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PKG_CONFIG_PATH[doc] = "Path to pkg-config files for the current build context."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The path to <filename>pkg-config</filename> files for the
+ current build context.
+ <filename>pkg-config</filename> reads this variable
+ from the environment.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PKGD'><glossterm>PKGD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PKGD[doc] = "Points to the destination directory for files to be packaged before they are split into individual packages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the destination directory for files to be
+ packaged before they are split into individual packages.
+ This directory defaults to the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${WORKDIR}/package
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Do not change this default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PKGDATA_DIR'><glossterm>PKGDATA_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PKGDATA_DIR[doc] = "Points to a shared, global-state directory that holds data generated during the packaging process."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to a shared, global-state directory that holds data
+ generated during the packaging process.
+ During the packaging process, the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-packagedata'><filename>do_packagedata</filename></link>
+ task packages data for each recipe and installs it into
+ this temporary, shared area.
+ This directory defaults to the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${STAGING_DIR_HOST}/pkgdata
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Do not change this default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PKGDEST'><glossterm>PKGDEST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PKGDEST[doc] = "Points to the parent directory for files to be packaged after they have been split into individual packages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the parent directory for files to be packaged
+ after they have been split into individual packages.
+ This directory defaults to the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${WORKDIR}/packages-split
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Under this directory, the build system creates
+ directories for each package specified in
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></link>.
+ Do not change this default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PKGDESTWORK'><glossterm>PKGDESTWORK</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PKGDESTWORK[doc] = "Points to a temporary work area used by the do_package task to write output from the do_packagedata task."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to a temporary work area used by the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package'><filename>do_package</filename></link>
+ task to write output from the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-packagedata'><filename>do_packagedata</filename></link>
+ task.
+ The <filename>PKGDESTWORK</filename> location defaults to
+ the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${WORKDIR}/pkgdata
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>do_packagedata</filename> task then packages
+ the data in the temporary work area and installs it into a
+ shared directory pointed to by
+ <link linkend='var-PKGDATA_DIR'><filename>PKGDATA_DIR</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Do not change this default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PKGE'><glossterm>PKGE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PKGE[doc] = "The epoch of the output package built by the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The epoch of the output package built by the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ By default, <filename>PKGE</filename> is set to
+ <link linkend='var-PE'><filename>PE</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PKGR'><glossterm>PKGR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PKGR[doc] = "The revision of the output package built by the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The revision of the output package built by the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ By default, <filename>PKGR</filename> is set to
+ <link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PKGV'><glossterm>PKGV</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PKGV[doc] = "The version of the output package built by the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The version of the output package built by the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ By default, <filename>PKGV</filename> is set to
+ <link linkend='var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PN'><glossterm>PN</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PN[doc] = "PN refers to a recipe name in the context of a file used by the OpenEmbedded build system as input to create a package. It refers to a package name in the context of a file created or produced by the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ This variable can have two separate functions depending on the context: a recipe
+ name or a resulting package name.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>PN</filename> refers to a recipe name in the context of a file used
+ by the OpenEmbedded build system as input to create a package.
+ The name is normally extracted from the recipe file name.
+ For example, if the recipe is named
+ <filename>expat_2.0.1.bb</filename>, then the default value of <filename>PN</filename>
+ will be "expat".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The variable refers to a package name in the context of a file created or produced by the
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If applicable, the <filename>PN</filename> variable also contains any special
+ suffix or prefix.
+ For example, using <filename>bash</filename> to build packages for the native
+ machine, <filename>PN</filename> is <filename>bash-native</filename>.
+ Using <filename>bash</filename> to build packages for the target and for Multilib,
+ <filename>PN</filename> would be <filename>bash</filename> and
+ <filename>lib64-bash</filename>, respectively.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PNBLACKLIST'><glossterm>PNBLACKLIST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PNBLACKLIST[doc] = "Lists recipes you do not want the OpenEmbedded build system to build."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists recipes you do not want the OpenEmbedded build system
+ to build.
+ This variable works in conjunction with the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-blacklist'><filename>blacklist</filename></link>
+ class, which the recipe must inherit globally.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To prevent a recipe from being built, inherit the class
+ globally and use the variable in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ Here is an example that prevents
+ <filename>myrecipe</filename> from being built:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "blacklist"
+ PNBLACKLIST[myrecipe] = "Not supported by our organization."
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-POPULATE_SDK_POST_HOST_COMMAND'><glossterm>POPULATE_SDK_POST_HOST_COMMAND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ POPULATE_SDK_POST_HOST_COMMAND[doc] = "Specifies a list of functions to call once the OpenEmbedded build system has created host part of the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of functions to call once the
+ OpenEmbedded build system has created the host part of
+ the SDK.
+ You can specify functions separated by semicolons:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ POPULATE_SDK_POST_HOST_COMMAND += "<replaceable>function</replaceable>; ... "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you need to pass the SDK path to a command
+ within a function, you can use
+ <filename>${SDK_DIR}</filename>, which points to
+ the parent directory used by the OpenEmbedded build
+ system when creating SDK output.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_DIR'><filename>SDK_DIR</filename></link>
+ variable for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-POPULATE_SDK_POST_TARGET_COMMAND'><glossterm>POPULATE_SDK_POST_TARGET_COMMAND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ POPULATE_SDK_POST_TARGET_COMMAND[doc] = "Specifies a list of functions to call once the OpenEmbedded build system has created target part of the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of functions to call once the
+ OpenEmbedded build system has created the target part of
+ the SDK.
+ You can specify functions separated by semicolons:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ POPULATE_SDK_POST_TARGET_COMMAND += "<replaceable>function</replaceable>; ... "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you need to pass the SDK path to a command
+ within a function, you can use
+ <filename>${SDK_DIR}</filename>, which points to
+ the parent directory used by the OpenEmbedded build
+ system when creating SDK output.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_DIR'><filename>SDK_DIR</filename></link>
+ variable for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PR'><glossterm>PR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PR[doc] = "The revision of the recipe. The default value for this variable is 'r0'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The revision of the recipe.
+ The default value for this variable is "r0".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PREFERRED_PROVIDER'><glossterm>PREFERRED_PROVIDER</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PREFERRED_PROVIDER[doc] = "If multiple recipes provide an item, this variable determines which recipe should be given preference."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ If multiple recipes provide an item, this variable
+ determines which recipe should be given preference.
+ You should always suffix the variable with the name of the
+ provided item, and you should set it to the
+ <link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link>
+ of the recipe to which you want to give precedence.
+ Some examples:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/kernel ?= "linux-yocto"
+ PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/xserver = "xserver-xf86"
+ PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/libgl ?= "mesa"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PREFERRED_VERSION'><glossterm>PREFERRED_VERSION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PREFERRED_VERSION[doc] = "If there are multiple versions of recipes available, this variable determines which recipe should be given preference."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ If there are multiple versions of recipes available, this
+ variable determines which recipe should be given preference.
+ You must always suffix the variable with the
+ <link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link>
+ you want to select, and you should set the
+ <link linkend='var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></link>
+ accordingly for precedence.
+ You can use the "<filename>%</filename>" character as a
+ wildcard to match any number of characters, which can be
+ useful when specifying versions that contain long revision
+ numbers that could potentially change.
+ Here are two examples:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PREFERRED_VERSION_python = "2.7.3"
+ PREFERRED_VERSION_linux-yocto = "3.19%"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PREMIRRORS'><glossterm>PREMIRRORS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PREMIRRORS[doc] = "Specifies additional paths from which the OpenEmbedded build system gets source code."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies additional paths from which the OpenEmbedded
+ build system gets source code.
+ When the build system searches for source code, it first
+ tries the local download directory.
+ If that location fails, the build system tries locations
+ defined by <filename>PREMIRRORS</filename>, the upstream
+ source, and then locations specified by
+ <link linkend='var-MIRRORS'><filename>MIRRORS</filename></link>
+ in that order.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Assuming your distribution
+ (<link linkend='var-DISTRO'><filename>DISTRO</filename></link>)
+ is "poky", the default value for
+ <filename>PREMIRRORS</filename> is defined in the
+ <filename>conf/distro/poky.conf</filename> file in the
+ <filename>meta-yocto</filename> Git repository.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Typically, you could add a specific server for the
+ build system to attempt before any others by adding
+ something like the following to the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PREMIRRORS_prepend = "\
+ git://.*/.* http://www.yoctoproject.org/sources/ \n \
+ ftp://.*/.* http://www.yoctoproject.org/sources/ \n \
+ http://.*/.* http://www.yoctoproject.org/sources/ \n \
+ https://.*/.* http://www.yoctoproject.org/sources/ \n"
+ </literallayout>
+ These changes cause the build system to intercept
+ Git, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS requests and direct them to
+ the <filename>http://</filename> sources mirror.
+ You can use <filename>file://</filename> URLs to point
+ to local directories or network shares as well.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PRIORITY'><glossterm>PRIORITY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PRIORITY[doc] = "Indicates the importance of a package. The default value is 'optional'. Other standard values are 'required', 'standard' and 'extra'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Indicates the importance of a package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>PRIORITY</filename> is considered to be part of
+ the distribution policy because the importance of any given
+ recipe depends on the purpose for which the distribution
+ is being produced.
+ Thus, <filename>PRIORITY</filename> is not normally set
+ within recipes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can set <filename>PRIORITY</filename> to "required",
+ "standard", "extra", and "optional", which is the default.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PRIVATE_LIBS'><glossterm>PRIVATE_LIBS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PRIVATE_LIBS[doc] = "Specifies libraries installed within a recipe that should be ignored by the OpenEmbedded build system's shared library resolver."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies libraries installed within a recipe that
+ should be ignored by the OpenEmbedded build system's
+ shared library resolver.
+ This variable is typically used when software being
+ built by a recipe has its own private versions of a
+ library normally provided by another recipe.
+ In this case, you would not want the package containing
+ the private libraries to be set as a dependency on other
+ unrelated packages that should instead depend on the
+ package providing the standard version of the library.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Libraries specified in this variable should be specified
+ by their file name.
+ For example, from the Firefox recipe in meta-browser:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PRIVATE_LIBS = "libmozjs.so \
+ libxpcom.so \
+ libnspr4.so \
+ libxul.so \
+ libmozalloc.so \
+ libplc4.so \
+ libplds4.so"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PROVIDES'><glossterm>PROVIDES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PROVIDES[doc] = "A list of aliases that a recipe also provides. These aliases are useful for satisfying dependencies of other recipes during the build as specified by DEPENDS."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of aliases by which a particular recipe can be
+ known.
+ By default, a recipe's own
+ <filename><link linkend='var-PN'>PN</link></filename>
+ is implicitly already in its <filename>PROVIDES</filename>
+ list.
+ If a recipe uses <filename>PROVIDES</filename>, the
+ additional aliases are synonyms for the recipe and can
+ be useful satisfying dependencies of other recipes during
+ the build as specified by
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DEPENDS'>DEPENDS</link></filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Consider the following example
+ <filename>PROVIDES</filename> statement from a recipe
+ file <filename>libav_0.8.11.bb</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PROVIDES += "libpostproc"
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>PROVIDES</filename> statement results in
+ the "libav" recipe also being known as "libpostproc".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PRSERV_HOST'><glossterm>PRSERV_HOST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PRSERV_HOST[doc] = "The network based PR service host and port."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The network based
+ <link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link>
+ service host and port.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>conf/local.conf.sample.extended</filename>
+ configuration file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ shows how the <filename>PRSERV_HOST</filename> variable is
+ set:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PRSERV_HOST = "localhost:0"
+ </literallayout>
+ You must set the variable if you want to automatically
+ start a local
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#working-with-a-pr-service'>PR service</ulink>.
+ You can set <filename>PRSERV_HOST</filename> to other
+ values to use a remote PR service.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PTEST_ENABLED'><glossterm>PTEST_ENABLED</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PRSERV_HOST[doc] = "Specifies whether or not Package Test (ptest) functionality is enabled when building a recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies whether or not
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#testing-packages-with-ptest'>Package Test</ulink>
+ (ptest) functionality is enabled when building a recipe.
+ You should not set this variable directly.
+ Enabling and disabling building Package Tests
+ at build time should be done by adding "ptest" to (or
+ removing it from)
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PV'><glossterm>PV</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PV[doc] = "The version of the recipe. The version is normally extracted from the recipe filename."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The version of the recipe.
+ The version is normally extracted from the recipe filename.
+ For example, if the recipe is named
+ <filename>expat_2.0.1.bb</filename>, then the default value of <filename>PV</filename>
+ will be "2.0.1".
+ <filename>PV</filename> is generally not overridden within
+ a recipe unless it is building an unstable (i.e. development) version from a source code repository
+ (e.g. Git or Subversion).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PYTHON_ABI'><glossterm>PYTHON_ABI</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PYTHON_ABI[doc] = "When used by recipes that inherit the distutils3, setuptools3, distutils, or setuptools classes, denotes the Application Binary Interface (ABI) currently in use for Python."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When used by recipes that inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-distutils3'><filename>distutils3</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-setuptools3'><filename>setuptools3</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-distutils'><filename>distutils</filename></link>,
+ or
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-setuptools'><filename>setuptools</filename></link>
+ classes, denotes the Application Binary Interface (ABI)
+ currently in use for Python.
+ By default, the ABI is "m".
+ You do not have to set this variable as the OpenEmbedded
+ build system sets it for you.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses the ABI to construct
+ directory names used when installing the Python headers
+ and libraries in sysroot
+ (e.g. <filename>.../python3.3m/...</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Recipes that inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-distutils'><filename>distutils</filename></link>
+ class during cross-builds also use this variable to
+ locate the headers and libraries of the appropriate Python
+ that the extension is targeting.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-PYTHON_PN'><glossterm>PYTHON_PN</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ PYTHON_PN[doc] = "When used by recipes that inherit the distutils3, setuptools3, distutils, or setuptools classes, specifies the major Python version being built."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When used by recipes that inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-distutils3'><filename>distutils3</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-setuptools3'><filename>setuptools3</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-distutils'><filename>distutils</filename></link>,
+ or
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-setuptools'><filename>setuptools</filename></link>
+ classes, specifies the major Python version being built.
+ For Python 2.x, <filename>PYTHON_PN</filename> would
+ be "python2". For Python 3.x, the variable would be
+ "python3".
+ You do not have to set this variable as the
+ OpenEmbedded build system automatically sets it for you.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The variable allows recipes to use common infrastructure
+ such as the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPENDS += "${PYTHON_PN}-native"
+ </literallayout>
+ In the previous example, the version of the dependency
+ is <filename>PYTHON_PN</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-q'><title>Q</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-QMAKE_PROFILES'><glossterm>QMAKE_PROFILES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ QMAKE_PROFILES[doc] = "Specifies your own subset of .pro files to be built for use with qmake."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies your own subset of <filename>.pro</filename>
+ files to be built for use with
+ <filename>qmake</filename>.
+ If you do not set this variable, all
+ <filename>.pro</filename> files in the directory pointed to
+ by <link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link>
+ will be built by default.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This variable is used with recipes that inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-qmake*'><filename>qmake_base</filename></link>
+ class or other classes that inherit
+ <filename>qmake_base</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-r'><title>R</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-RANLIB'><glossterm>RANLIB</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ RANLIB[doc] = "Minimal command and arguments to run 'ranlib'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments to run
+ <filename>ranlib</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-RCONFLICTS'><glossterm>RCONFLICTS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ RCONFLICTS[doc] = "The list of packages that conflict with another package. Note that the package will not be installed if the conflicting packages are not first removed."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The list of packages that conflict with packages.
+ Note that packages will not be installed if conflicting
+ packages are not first removed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Like all package-controlling variables, you must always use
+ them in conjunction with a package name override.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RCONFLICTS_${PN} = "<replaceable>another_conflicting_package_name</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake, which the OpenEmbedded build system uses, supports
+ specifying versioned dependencies.
+ Although the syntax varies depending on the packaging
+ format, BitBake hides these differences from you.
+ Here is the general syntax to specify versions with
+ the <filename>RCONFLICTS</filename> variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RCONFLICTS_${PN} = "<replaceable>package</replaceable> (<replaceable>operator</replaceable> <replaceable>version</replaceable>)"
+ </literallayout>
+ For <filename>operator</filename>, you can specify the
+ following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ =
+ <
+ >
+ <=
+ >=
+ </literallayout>
+ For example, the following sets up a dependency on version
+ 1.2 or greater of the package <filename>foo</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RCONFLICTS_${PN} = "foo (>= 1.2)"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-RDEPENDS'><glossterm>RDEPENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ RDEPENDS[doc] = "Lists a package's runtime dependencies (i.e. other packages) that must be installed for the package to be built. They must be the names of other packages as listed in the PACKAGES variable, not recipe names (PN)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists a package's runtime dependencies (i.e. other packages)
+ that must be installed in order for the built package to run
+ correctly.
+ If a package in this list cannot be found during the build,
+ you will get a build error.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you use the <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> variable
+ in a recipe, you are essentially stating that the recipe's
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-build'><filename>do_build</filename></link>
+ task depends on the existence of a specific package.
+ Consider this simple example for two recipes named "a" and
+ "b" that produce similarly named IPK packages.
+ In this example, the <filename>RDEPENDS</filename>
+ statement appears in the "a" recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RDEPENDS_${PN} = "b"
+ </literallayout>
+ Here, the dependency is such that the
+ <filename>do_build</filename> task for recipe "a" depends
+ on the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package_write_ipk'><filename>do_package_write_ipk</filename></link>
+ task of recipe "b".
+ This means the package file for "b" must be available when
+ the output for recipe "a" has been completely built.
+ More importantly, package "a" will be marked as depending
+ on package "b" in a manner that is understood by the
+ package manager.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The names of the packages you list within
+ <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> must be the names of other
+ packages - they cannot be recipe names.
+ Although package names and recipe names usually match,
+ the important point here is that you are
+ providing package names within the
+ <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> variable.
+ For an example of the default list of packages created from
+ a recipe, see the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because the <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> variable applies
+ to packages being built, you should always use the variable
+ in a form with an attached package name.
+ For example, suppose you are building a development package
+ that depends on the <filename>perl</filename> package.
+ In this case, you would use the following
+ <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> statement:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RDEPENDS_${PN}-dev += "perl"
+ </literallayout>
+ In the example, the development package depends on
+ the <filename>perl</filename> package.
+ Thus, the <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> variable has the
+ <filename>${PN}-dev</filename> package name as part of the
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The package name you attach to the
+ <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> variable must appear
+ as it would in the <filename>PACKAGES</filename>
+ namespace before any renaming of the output package by
+ classes like
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-debian'><filename>debian</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In many cases you do not need to explicitly add
+ runtime dependencies using
+ <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> since some automatic
+ handling occurs:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>shlibdeps</filename></emphasis>: If
+ a runtime package contains a shared library
+ (<filename>.so</filename>), the build
+ processes the library in order to determine other
+ libraries to which it is dynamically linked.
+ The build process adds these libraries to
+ <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> when creating the runtime
+ package.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>pcdeps</filename></emphasis>: If
+ the package ships a <filename>pkg-config</filename>
+ information file, the build process uses this file
+ to add items to the <filename>RDEPENDS</filename>
+ variable to create the runtime packages.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake, which the OpenEmbedded build system uses, supports
+ specifying versioned dependencies.
+ Although the syntax varies depending on the packaging
+ format, BitBake hides these differences from you.
+ Here is the general syntax to specify versions with
+ the <filename>RDEPENDS</filename> variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RDEPENDS_${PN} = "<replaceable>package</replaceable> (<replaceable>operator</replaceable> <replaceable>version</replaceable>)"
+ </literallayout>
+ For <filename>operator</filename>, you can specify the
+ following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ =
+ <
+ >
+ <=
+ >=
+ </literallayout>
+ For example, the following sets up a dependency on version
+ 1.2 or greater of the package <filename>foo</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RDEPENDS_${PN} = "foo (>= 1.2)"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on build-time dependencies, see the
+ <link linkend='var-DEPENDS'><filename>DEPENDS</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-REQUIRED_DISTRO_FEATURES'><glossterm>REQUIRED_DISTRO_FEATURES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ REQUIRED_DISTRO_FEATURES[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the distro_features_check class, this variable identifies distribution features that must exist in the current configuration in order for the OpenEmbedded build system to build the recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-distro_features_check'><filename>distro_features_check</filename></link>
+ class, this
+ variable identifies distribution features that must
+ exist in the current configuration in order for the
+ OpenEmbedded build system to build the recipe.
+ In other words, if the
+ <filename>REQUIRED_DISTRO_FEATURES</filename> variable
+ lists a feature that does not appear in
+ <filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename> within the
+ current configuration, an error occurs and the
+ build stops.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-RM_OLD_IMAGE'><glossterm>RM_OLD_IMAGE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ RM_OLD_IMAGE[doc] = "Reclaims disk space by removing previously built versions of the same image from the images directory pointed to by the DEPLOY_DIR variable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Reclaims disk space by removing previously built
+ versions of the same image from the
+ <filename>images</filename> directory pointed to by the
+ <link linkend='var-DEPLOY_DIR'><filename>DEPLOY_DIR</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Set this variable to "1" in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file to remove these
+ images.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-RM_WORK_EXCLUDE'><glossterm>RM_WORK_EXCLUDE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ RM_WORK_EXCLUDE[doc] = "With rm_work enabled, this variable specifies a list of packages whose work directories should not be removed."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ With <filename>rm_work</filename> enabled, this
+ variable specifies a list of recipes whose work directories
+ should not be removed.
+ See the "<link linkend='ref-classes-rm-work'><filename>rm_work.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section for more details.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ROOT_HOME'><glossterm>ROOT_HOME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ROOT_HOME[doc] = "Defines the root home directory."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the root home directory.
+ By default, this directory is set as follows in the
+ BitBake configuration file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ROOT_HOME ??= "/home/root"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ This default value is likely used because some
+ embedded solutions prefer to have a read-only root
+ filesystem and prefer to keep writeable data in one
+ place.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can override the default by setting the variable
+ in any layer or in the <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ Because the default is set using a "weak" assignment
+ (i.e. "??="), you can use either of the following forms
+ to define your override:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ROOT_HOME = "/root"
+ ROOT_HOME ?= "/root"
+ </literallayout>
+ These override examples use <filename>/root</filename>,
+ which is probably the most commonly used override.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ROOTFS'><glossterm>ROOTFS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ROOTFS[doc] = "Indicates a filesystem image to include as the root filesystem."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Indicates a filesystem image to include as the root
+ filesystem.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>ROOTFS</filename> variable is an optional
+ variable used with the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-bootimg'><filename>bootimg</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ROOTFS_POSTINSTALL_COMMAND'><glossterm>ROOTFS_POSTINSTALL_COMMAND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ROOTFS_POSTINSTALL_COMMAND[doc] = "Specifies a list of functions to call after installing packages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of functions to call after the
+ OpenEmbedded build system has installed packages.
+ You can specify functions separated by semicolons:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ROOTFS_POSTINSTALL_COMMAND += "<replaceable>function</replaceable>; ... "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you need to pass the root filesystem path to a command
+ within a function, you can use
+ <filename>${IMAGE_ROOTFS}</filename>, which points to
+ the directory that becomes the root filesystem image.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS'><filename>IMAGE_ROOTFS</filename></link>
+ variable for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND'><glossterm>ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND[doc] = "Specifies a list of functions to call once the OpenEmbedded build system has created the root filesystem."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of functions to call once the
+ OpenEmbedded build system has created the root filesystem.
+ You can specify functions separated by semicolons:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "<replaceable>function</replaceable>; ... "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you need to pass the root filesystem path to a command
+ within a function, you can use
+ <filename>${IMAGE_ROOTFS}</filename>, which points to
+ the directory that becomes the root filesystem image.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS'><filename>IMAGE_ROOTFS</filename></link>
+ variable for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ROOTFS_POSTUNINSTALL_COMMAND'><glossterm>ROOTFS_POSTUNINSTALL_COMMAND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ROOTFS_POSTUNINSTALL_COMMAND[doc] = "Specifies a list of functions to call after removal of unneeded packages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of functions to call after the
+ OpenEmbedded build system has removed unnecessary
+ packages.
+ When runtime package management is disabled in the
+ image, several packages are removed including
+ <filename>base-passwd</filename>,
+ <filename>shadow</filename>, and
+ <filename>update-alternatives</filename>.
+ You can specify functions separated by semicolons:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ROOTFS_POSTUNINSTALL_COMMAND += "<replaceable>function</replaceable>; ... "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you need to pass the root filesystem path to a command
+ within a function, you can use
+ <filename>${IMAGE_ROOTFS}</filename>, which points to
+ the directory that becomes the root filesystem image.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS'><filename>IMAGE_ROOTFS</filename></link>
+ variable for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-ROOTFS_PREPROCESS_COMMAND'><glossterm>ROOTFS_PREPROCESS_COMMAND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ ROOTFS_PREPROCESS_COMMAND[doc] = "Specifies a list of functions to call before the OpenEmbedded build system has created the root filesystem."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of functions to call before the
+ OpenEmbedded build system has created the root filesystem.
+ You can specify functions separated by semicolons:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ROOTFS_PREPROCESS_COMMAND += "<replaceable>function</replaceable>; ... "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you need to pass the root filesystem path to a command
+ within a function, you can use
+ <filename>${IMAGE_ROOTFS}</filename>, which points to
+ the directory that becomes the root filesystem image.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_ROOTFS'><filename>IMAGE_ROOTFS</filename></link>
+ variable for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-RPROVIDES'><glossterm>RPROVIDES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ RPROVIDES[doc] = "A list of package name aliases that a package also provides. These aliases are useful for satisfying runtime dependencies of other packages both during the build and on the target."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of package name aliases that a package also provides.
+ These aliases are useful for satisfying runtime dependencies
+ of other packages both during the build and on the target
+ (as specified by
+ <filename><link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'>RDEPENDS</link></filename>).
+ <note>
+ A package's own name is implicitly already in its
+ <filename>RPROVIDES</filename> list.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As with all package-controlling variables, you must always
+ use the variable in conjunction with a package name override.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RPROVIDES_${PN} = "widget-abi-2"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-RRECOMMENDS'><glossterm>RRECOMMENDS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ RRECOMMENDS[doc] = "A list of packages that extends the usability of a package being built. The package being built does not depend on this list of packages in order to successfully build, but needs them for the extended usability."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of packages that extends the usability of a package
+ being built.
+ The package being built does not depend on this list of
+ packages in order to successfully build, but rather
+ uses them for extended usability.
+ To specify runtime dependencies for packages, see the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'>RDEPENDS</link></filename>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The package manager will automatically install the
+ <filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename> list of packages when
+ installing the built package.
+ However, you can prevent listed packages from being
+ installed by using the
+ <link linkend='var-BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS'><filename>BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-NO_RECOMMENDATIONS'><filename>NO_RECOMMENDATIONS</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_EXCLUDE'><filename>PACKAGE_EXCLUDE</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Packages specified in
+ <filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename> need not actually be
+ produced.
+ However, a recipe must exist that provides each package,
+ either through the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGES'><filename>PACKAGES</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGES_DYNAMIC'><filename>PACKAGES_DYNAMIC</filename></link>
+ variables or the
+ <link linkend='var-RPROVIDES'><filename>RPROVIDES</filename></link>
+ variable, or an error will occur during the build.
+ If such a recipe does exist and the package is not produced,
+ the build continues without error.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Because the <filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename> variable
+ applies to packages being built, you should always attach
+ an override to the variable to specify the particular
+ package whose usability is being extended.
+ For example, suppose you are building a development package
+ that is extended to support wireless functionality.
+ In this case, you would use the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RRECOMMENDS_${PN}-dev += "<replaceable>wireless_package_name</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ In the example, the package name
+ (<filename>${<link linkend='var-PN'>PN</link>}-dev</filename>)
+ must appear as it would in the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-PACKAGES'>PACKAGES</link></filename>
+ namespace before any renaming of the output package by
+ classes such as <filename>debian.bbclass</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake, which the OpenEmbedded build system uses, supports
+ specifying versioned recommends.
+ Although the syntax varies depending on the packaging
+ format, BitBake hides these differences from you.
+ Here is the general syntax to specify versions with
+ the <filename>RRECOMMENDS</filename> variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RRECOMMENDS_${PN} = "<replaceable>package</replaceable> (<replaceable>operator</replaceable> <replaceable>version</replaceable>)"
+ </literallayout>
+ For <filename>operator</filename>, you can specify the
+ following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ =
+ <
+ >
+ <=
+ >=
+ </literallayout>
+ For example, the following sets up a recommend on version
+ 1.2 or greater of the package <filename>foo</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RRECOMMENDS_${PN} = "foo (>= 1.2)"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-RREPLACES'><glossterm>RREPLACES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ RREPLACES[doc] = "A list of packages replaced by a package. The package manager uses this variable to determine which package should be installed to replace other package(s) during an upgrade."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of packages replaced by a package.
+ The package manager uses this variable to determine which
+ package should be installed to replace other package(s)
+ during an upgrade.
+ In order to also have the other package(s) removed at the
+ same time, you must add the name of the other
+ package to the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-RCONFLICTS'>RCONFLICTS</link></filename> variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As with all package-controlling variables, you must use
+ this variable in conjunction with a package name
+ override.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RREPLACES_${PN} = "<replaceable>other_package_being_replaced</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake, which the OpenEmbedded build system uses, supports
+ specifying versioned replacements.
+ Although the syntax varies depending on the packaging
+ format, BitBake hides these differences from you.
+ Here is the general syntax to specify versions with
+ the <filename>RREPLACES</filename> variable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RREPLACES_${PN} = "<replaceable>package</replaceable> (<replaceable>operator</replaceable> <replaceable>version</replaceable>)"
+ </literallayout>
+ For <filename>operator</filename>, you can specify the
+ following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ =
+ <
+ >
+ <=
+ >=
+ </literallayout>
+ For example, the following sets up a replacement using
+ version 1.2 or greater of the package
+ <filename>foo</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RREPLACES_${PN} = "foo (>= 1.2)"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-RSUGGESTS'><glossterm>RSUGGESTS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ RSUGGESTS[doc] = "A list of additional packages that you can suggest for installation by the package manager at the time a package is installed. Not all package managers support this functionality."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of additional packages that you can suggest for
+ installation by the package manager at the time a package
+ is installed.
+ Not all package managers support this functionality.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As with all package-controlling variables, you must always
+ use this variable in conjunction with a package name
+ override.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ RSUGGESTS_${PN} = "<replaceable>useful_package</replaceable> <replaceable>another_package</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-s'><title>S</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-S'><glossterm>S</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ S[doc] = "The location in the Build Directory where unpacked package source code resides."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The location in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ where unpacked recipe source code resides.
+ This location is within the work directory
+ (<filename><link linkend='var-WORKDIR'>WORKDIR</link></filename>),
+ which is not static.
+ The unpacked source location depends on the recipe name
+ (<filename><link linkend='var-PN'>PN</link></filename>) and
+ recipe version
+ (<filename><link linkend='var-PV'>PV</link></filename>) as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${WORKDIR}/${PN}-${PV}
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As an example, assume a
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ top-level folder named <filename>poky</filename> and a
+ default Build Directory at <filename>poky/build</filename>.
+ In this case, the work directory the build system uses
+ to keep the unpacked recipe for <filename>db</filename>
+ is the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ poky/build/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/db/5.1.19-r3/db-5.1.19
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SANITY_REQUIRED_UTILITIES'><glossterm>SANITY_REQUIRED_UTILITIES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SANITY_REQUIRED_UTILITIES[doc] = "Specifies a list of command-line utilities that should be checked for during the initial sanity checking process when running BitBake."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of command-line utilities that should be
+ checked for during the initial sanity checking process when
+ running BitBake.
+ If any of the utilities are not installed on the build host,
+ then BitBake immediately exits with an error.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SANITY_TESTED_DISTROS'><glossterm>SANITY_TESTED_DISTROS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SANITY_TESTED_DISTROS[doc] = "A list of the host distribution identifiers that the build system has been tested against."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of the host distribution identifiers that the
+ build system has been tested against.
+ Identifiers consist of the host distributor ID
+ followed by the release,
+ as reported by the <filename>lsb_release</filename> tool
+ or as read from <filename>/etc/lsb-release</filename>.
+ Separate the list items with explicit newline
+ characters (<filename>\n</filename>).
+ If <filename>SANITY_TESTED_DISTROS</filename> is not empty
+ and the current value of
+ <link linkend='var-NATIVELSBSTRING'><filename>NATIVELSBSTRING</filename></link>
+ does not appear in the list, then the build system reports
+ a warning that indicates the current host distribution has
+ not been tested as a build host.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_ARCH'><glossterm>SDK_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_ARCH[doc] = "The target architecture for the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The target architecture for the SDK.
+ Typically, you do not directly set this variable.
+ Instead, use
+ <link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_DEPLOY'><glossterm>SDK_DEPLOY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_DEPLOY[doc] = "The directory set up and used by the populate_sdk_base to which the SDK is deployed."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The directory set up and used by the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-populate-sdk'><filename>populate_sdk_base</filename></link>
+ to which the SDK is deployed.
+ The <filename>populate_sdk_base</filename> class defines
+ <filename>SDK_DEPLOY</filename> as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SDK_DEPLOY = "${<link linkend='var-TMPDIR'>TMPDIR</link>}/deploy/sdk"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_DIR'><glossterm>SDK_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_DIR[doc] = "The parent directory used by the OpenEmbedded build system when creating SDK output."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The parent directory used by the OpenEmbedded build system
+ when creating SDK output.
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-populate-sdk-*'><filename>populate_sdk_base</filename></link>
+ class defines the variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SDK_DIR = "${<link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link>}/sdk"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ The <filename>SDK_DIR</filename> directory is a
+ temporary directory as it is part of
+ <filename>WORKDIR</filename>.
+ The final output directory is
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_DEPLOY'><filename>SDK_DEPLOY</filename></link>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_HOST_MANIFEST'><glossterm>SDK_HOST_MANIFEST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_HOST_MANIFEST[doc] = "The manifest file for the host part of the SDK. This file lists all the installed packages that make up the host part of the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The manifest file for the host part of the SDK.
+ This file lists all the installed packages that make up
+ the host part of SDK.
+ The file contains package information on a line-per-package
+ basis as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>packagename</replaceable> <replaceable>packagearch</replaceable> <replaceable>version</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-populate-sdk-*'><filename>populate_sdk_base</filename></link>
+ class defines the manifest file as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SDK_HOST_MANIFEST = "${SDK_DEPLOY}/${TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME}.host.manifest"
+ </literallayout>
+ The location is derived using the
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_DEPLOY'><filename>SDK_DEPLOY</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME'><filename>TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_NAME'><glossterm>SDK_NAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_NAME[doc] = "The base name for SDK output files."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The base name for SDK output files.
+ The name is derived from the
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO'><filename>DISTRO</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-TCLIBC'><filename>TCLIBC</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_ARCH'><filename>SDK_ARCH</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_BASENAME'><filename>IMAGE_BASENAME</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_PKGARCH'><filename>TUNE_PKGARCH</filename></link>
+ variables:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SDK_NAME = "${DISTRO}-${TCLIBC}-${SDK_ARCH}-${IMAGE_BASENAME}-${TUNE_PKGARCH}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_OS'><glossterm>SDK_OS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_OS[doc] = "The operating system for which the SDK will be built."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the operating system for which the SDK
+ will be built.
+ The default value is the value of
+ <link linkend='var-BUILD_OS'><filename>BUILD_OS</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_OUTPUT'><glossterm>SDK_OUTPUT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_OUTPUT[doc] = "The location used by the OpenEmbedded build system when creating SDK output."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The location used by the OpenEmbedded build system when
+ creating SDK output.
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-populate-sdk-*'><filename>populate_sdk_base</filename></link>
+ class defines the variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SDK_OUTPUT = "${<link linkend='var-SDK_DIR'>SDK_DIR</link>}/image"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ The <filename>SDK_OUTPUT</filename> directory is a
+ temporary directory as it is part of
+ <filename>WORKDIR</filename> by way of
+ <filename>SDK_DIR</filename>.
+ The final output directory is
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_DEPLOY'><filename>SDK_DEPLOY</filename></link>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_PACKAGE_ARCHS'><glossterm>SDK_PACKAGE_ARCHS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_PACKAGE_ARCHS[doc] = "Specifies a list of architectures compatible with the SDK machine. This variable is set automatically and should not normally be hand-edited."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of architectures compatible with
+ the SDK machine.
+ This variable is set automatically and should not
+ normally be hand-edited.
+ Entries are separated using spaces and listed in order
+ of priority.
+ The default value for
+ <filename>SDK_PACKAGE_ARCHS</filename> is "all any noarch
+ ${SDK_ARCH}-${SDKPKGSUFFIX}".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND'><glossterm>SDK_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND[doc] = "Specifies a list of functions to call once the OpenEmbedded build system has created the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of functions to call once the
+ OpenEmbedded build system has created the SDK.
+ You can specify functions separated by semicolons:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SDK_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "<replaceable>function</replaceable>; ... "
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you need to pass an SDK path to a command within a
+ function, you can use
+ <filename>${SDK_DIR}</filename>, which points to
+ the parent directory used by the OpenEmbedded build system
+ when creating SDK output.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_DIR'><filename>SDK_DIR</filename></link>
+ variable for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_PREFIX'><glossterm>SDK_PREFIX</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_PREFIX[doc] = "The toolchain binary prefix used for nativesdk recipes."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The toolchain binary prefix used for nativesdk recipes.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses the
+ <filename>SDK_PREFIX</filename> value to set the
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_PREFIX'><filename>TARGET_PREFIX</filename></link>
+ when building <filename>nativesdk</filename> recipes.
+ The default value is "${SDK_SYS}-".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_SYS'><glossterm>SDK_SYS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_SYS[doc] = "Specifies the system, including the architecture and the operating system, for which the SDK will be built."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the system, including the architecture and the
+ operating system, for which the SDK will be built.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system automatically sets this
+ variable based on
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_ARCH'><filename>SDK_ARCH</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_VENDOR'><filename>SDK_VENDOR</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_OS'><filename>SDK_OS</filename></link>.
+ You do not need to set the <filename>SDK_SYS</filename>
+ variable yourself.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_TARGET_MANIFEST'><glossterm>SDK_TARGET_MANIFEST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_TARGET_MANIFEST[doc] = "The manifest file for the target part of the SDK. This file lists all the installed packages that make up the target part of the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The manifest file for the target part of the SDK.
+ This file lists all the installed packages that make up
+ the target part of the SDK.
+ The file contains package information on a line-per-package
+ basis as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ <replaceable>packagename</replaceable> <replaceable>packagearch</replaceable> <replaceable>version</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-populate-sdk-*'><filename>populate_sdk_base</filename></link>
+ class defines the manifest file as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SDK_TARGET_MANIFEST = "${SDK_DEPLOY}/${TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME}.target.manifest"
+ </literallayout>
+ The location is derived using the
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_DEPLOY'><filename>SDK_DEPLOY</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME'><filename>TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_VENDOR'><glossterm>SDK_VENDOR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_VENDOR[doc] = "Specifies the name of the SDK vendor."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the name of the SDK vendor.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDK_VERSION'><glossterm>SDK_VERSION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDK_VERSION[doc] = "Specifies the version for the SDK."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the version of the SDK.
+ The distribution configuration file (e.g.
+ <filename>/meta-yocto/conf/distro/poky.conf</filename>)
+ defines the <filename>SDK_VERSION</filename> as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SDK_VERSION := "${@'${DISTRO_VERSION}'.replace('snapshot-${DATE}','snapshot')}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For additional information, see the
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_VERSION'><filename>DISTRO_VERSION</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-DATE'><filename>DATE</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDKIMAGE_FEATURES'><glossterm>SDKIMAGE_FEATURES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDKIMAGE_FEATURES[doc] = "Equivalent to IMAGE_FEATURES. However, this variable applies to the SDK generated from an image using the command 'bitbake -c populate_sdk imagename'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Equivalent to
+ <filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'>IMAGE_FEATURES</link></filename>.
+ However, this variable applies to the SDK generated from an
+ image using the following command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -c populate_sdk <replaceable>imagename</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDKMACHINE'><glossterm>SDKMACHINE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDKMACHINE[doc] = "Specifies the architecture (i.e. i686 or x86_64) for which to build SDK and ADT items."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The machine for which the Application Development Toolkit
+ (ADT) or SDK is built.
+ In other words, the SDK or ADT is built such that it
+ runs on the target you specify with the
+ <filename>SDKMACHINE</filename> value.
+ The value points to a corresponding
+ <filename>.conf</filename> file under
+ <filename>conf/machine-sdk/</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use "i686" and "x86_64" as possible values
+ for this variable. The variable defaults to "i686"
+ and is set in the local.conf file in the Build Directory.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SDKMACHINE ?= "i686"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ You cannot set the <filename>SDKMACHINE</filename>
+ variable in your distribution configuration file.
+ If you do, the configuration will not take affect.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDKPATH'><glossterm>SDKPATH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDKPATH[doc] = "Defines the path offered to the user for installation of the SDK that is generated by the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the path offered to the user for installation
+ of the SDK that is generated by the OpenEmbedded build
+ system.
+ The path appears as the default location for installing
+ the SDK when you run the SDK's installation script.
+ You can override the offered path when you run the
+ script.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SDKTARGETSYSROOT'><glossterm>SDKTARGETSYSROOT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SDKTARGETSYSROOT[doc] = "Full path to the sysroot used for cross-compilation within an SDK as it will be when installed into the default SDKPATH."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The full path to the sysroot used for cross-compilation
+ within an SDK as it will be when installed into the
+ default
+ <link linkend='var-SDKPATH'><filename>SDKPATH</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SECTION'><glossterm>SECTION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SECTION[doc] = "The section in which packages should be categorized. Package management utilities can make use of this variable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The section in which packages should be categorized.
+ Package management utilities can make use of this variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SELECTED_OPTIMIZATION'><glossterm>SELECTED_OPTIMIZATION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SELECTED_OPTIMIZATION[doc] = "The variable takes the value of FULL_OPTIMIZATION unless DEBUG_BUILD = '1'. In this case, the value of DEBUG_OPTIMIZATION is used."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the optimization flags passed to the C compiler
+ when building for the target.
+ The flags are passed through the default value of the
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_CFLAGS'><filename>TARGET_CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>SELECTED_OPTIMIZATION</filename> variable
+ takes the value of
+ <filename><link linkend='var-FULL_OPTIMIZATION'>FULL_OPTIMIZATION</link></filename>
+ unless <filename><link linkend='var-DEBUG_BUILD'>DEBUG_BUILD</link></filename> = "1".
+ If that is the case, the value of
+ <filename><link linkend='var-DEBUG_OPTIMIZATION'>DEBUG_OPTIMIZATION</link></filename> is used.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SERIAL_CONSOLE'><glossterm>SERIAL_CONSOLE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SERIAL_CONSOLE[doc] = "The speed and device for the serial port used to attach the serial console. This variable is given to the kernel as the 'console' parameter. After booting occurs, getty is started on that port so remote login is possible."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines a serial console (TTY) to enable using getty.
+ Provide a value that specifies the baud rate followed by
+ the TTY device name separated by a space.
+ You cannot specify more than one TTY device:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SERIAL_CONSOLE = "115200 ttyS0"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ The <filename>SERIAL_CONSOLE</filename> variable
+ is deprecated.
+ Please use the
+ <link linkend='var-SERIAL_CONSOLES'><filename>SERIAL_CONSOLES</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SERIAL_CONSOLES'><glossterm>SERIAL_CONSOLES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SERIAL_CONSOLES[doc] = "Defines the serial consoles (TTYs) to enable using getty."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the serial consoles (TTYs) to enable using getty.
+ Provide a value that specifies the baud rate followed by
+ the TTY device name separated by a semicolon.
+ Use spaces to separate multiple devices:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SERIAL_CONSOLES = "115200;ttyS0 115200;ttyS1"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SERIAL_CONSOLES_CHECK'><glossterm>SERIAL_CONSOLES_CHECK</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SERIAL_CONSOLES_CHECK[doc] = "Similar to SERIAL_CONSOLES except the device is checked for existence before attempting to enable it. Supported only by SysVinit."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Similar to
+ <link linkend='var-SERIAL_CONSOLES'><filename>SERIAL_CONSOLES</filename></link>
+ except the device is checked for existence before attempting
+ to enable it.
+ This variable is currently only supported with SysVinit
+ (i.e. not with systemd).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SIGGEN_EXCLUDE_SAFE_RECIPE_DEPS'><glossterm>SIGGEN_EXCLUDE_SAFE_RECIPE_DEPS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SIGGEN_EXCLUDE_SAFE_RECIPE_DEPS[doc] = "A list of recipe dependencies that should not be used to determine signatures of tasks from one recipe when they depend on tasks from another recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of recipe dependencies that should not be used to
+ determine signatures of tasks from one recipe when they
+ depend on tasks from another recipe.
+ For example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SIGGEN_EXCLUDE_SAFE_RECIPE_DEPS += "intone->mplayer2"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In this example, <filename>intone</filename> depends on
+ <filename>mplayer2</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use of this variable is one mechanism to remove dependencies
+ that affect task signatures and thus force rebuilds when a
+ recipe changes.
+ <note><title>Caution</title>
+ If you add an inappropriate dependency for a recipe
+ relationship, the software might break during
+ runtime if the interface of the second recipe was
+ changed after the first recipe had been built.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SIGGEN_EXCLUDERECIPES_ABISAFE'><glossterm>SIGGEN_EXCLUDERECIPES_ABISAFE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SIGGEN_EXCLUDERECIPES_ABISAFE[doc] = "A list of recipes that are completely stable and will never change."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of recipes that are completely stable and will
+ never change.
+ The ABI for the recipes in the list are presented by
+ output from the tasks run to build the recipe.
+ Use of this variable is one way to remove dependencies from
+ one recipe on another that affect task signatures and
+ thus force rebuilds when the recipe changes.
+ <note><title>Caution</title>
+ If you add an inappropriate variable to this list,
+ the software might break at runtime if the
+ interface of the recipe was changed after the other
+ had been built.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SITEINFO_BITS'><glossterm>SITEINFO_BITS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SITEINFO_BITS[doc] = "Specifies the number of bits for the target system CPU."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the number of bits for the target system CPU.
+ The value should be either "32" or "64".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SITEINFO_ENDIANNESS'><glossterm>SITEINFO_ENDIANNESS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SITEINFO_ENDIANNESS[doc] = "Specifies the endian byte order of the target system. The value should be either 'le' for 'little-endian' or 'be' for 'big-endian'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the endian byte order of the target system.
+ The value should be either "le" for little-endian or "be" for big-endian.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SOC_FAMILY'><glossterm>SOC_FAMILY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SOC_FAMILY[doc] = "Groups together machines based upon the same family of SOC (System On Chip). You typically set this variable in a common .inc file that you include in the configuration files of all the machines."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Groups together machines based upon the same family
+ of SOC (System On Chip).
+ You typically set this variable in a common
+ <filename>.inc</filename> file that you include in the
+ configuration files of all the machines.
+ <note>
+ You must include
+ <filename>conf/machine/include/soc-family.inc</filename>
+ for this variable to appear in
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINEOVERRIDES'><filename>MACHINEOVERRIDES</filename></link>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SOLIBS'><glossterm>SOLIBS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SOLIBS[doc] = "Defines the suffix for shared libraries used on the target platform."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the suffix for shared libraries used on the
+ target platform.
+ By default, this suffix is ".so.*" for all Linux-based
+ systems and is defined in the
+ <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> configuration
+ file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You will see this variable referenced in the default values
+ of <filename>FILES_${PN}</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SOLIBSDEV'><glossterm>SOLIBSDEV</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SOLIBSDEV[doc] = "Defines the suffix for the development symbolic link (symlink) for shared libraries on the target platform."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines the suffix for the development symbolic link
+ (symlink) for shared libraries on the target platform.
+ By default, this suffix is ".so" for Linux-based
+ systems and is defined in the
+ <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> configuration
+ file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You will see this variable referenced in the default values
+ of <filename>FILES_${PN}-dev</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SOURCE_MIRROR_FETCH'><glossterm>SOURCE_MIRROR_FETCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SOURCE_MIRROR_FETCH[doc] = "Set as part of a source mirror generation script to skip COMPATIBLE_MACHINE and COMPATIBLE_HOST checks."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When you are fetching files to create a mirror of sources
+ (i.e. creating a source mirror), setting
+ <filename>SOURCE_MIRROR_FETCH</filename> to "1" in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file ensures
+ the source for all recipes are fetched regardless of
+ whether or not a recipe is compatible with the
+ configuration.
+ A recipe is considered incompatible with the currently
+ configured machine when either or both the
+ <link linkend='var-COMPATIBLE_MACHINE'><filename>COMPATIBLE_MACHINE</filename></link>
+ variable and
+ <link linkend='var-COMPATIBLE_HOST'><filename>COMPATIBLE_HOST</filename></link>
+ variables specify compatibility with a machine other
+ than that of the current machine or host.
+ <note><title>Warning</title>
+ Do not set the
+ <filename>SOURCE_MIRROR_FETCH</filename> variable
+ unless you are creating a source mirror.
+ In other words, do not set the variable during a
+ normal build.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SOURCE_MIRROR_URL'><glossterm>SOURCE_MIRROR_URL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SOURCE_MIRROR_URL[doc] = "URL to source mirror that will be used before fetching from original SRC_URI."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Defines your own
+ <link linkend='var-PREMIRRORS'><filename>PREMIRRORS</filename></link>
+ from which to first fetch source before attempting to fetch
+ from the upstream specified in
+ <link linkend='var-SRC_URI'><filename>SRC_URI</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use this variable, you must globally inherit the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-own-mirrors'><filename>own-mirrors</filename></link>
+ class and then provide the URL to your mirrors.
+ Here is the general syntax:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "own-mirrors"
+ SOURCE_MIRROR_URL = "http://<replaceable>example</replaceable>.com/<replaceable>my_source_mirror</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ You can specify only a single URL in
+ <filename>SOURCE_MIRROR_URL</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SPDXLICENSEMAP'><glossterm>SPDXLICENSEMAP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SPDXLICENSEMAP[doc] = "Maps commonly used license names to their SPDX counterparts found in meta/files/common-licenses/."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Maps commonly used license names to their SPDX counterparts
+ found in <filename>meta/files/common-licenses/</filename>.
+ For the default <filename>SPDXLICENSEMAP</filename>
+ mappings, see the
+ <filename>meta/conf/licenses.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For additional information, see the
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE'><filename>LICENSE</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SPECIAL_PKGSUFFIX'><glossterm>SPECIAL_PKGSUFFIX</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SPECIAL_PKGSUFFIX[doc] = "A list of prefixes for PN used by the OpenEmbedded build system to create variants of recipes or packages. The list specifies the prefixes to strip off during certain circumstances such as the generation of the BPN variable."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of prefixes for <link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link> used by the
+ OpenEmbedded build system to create variants of recipes or packages.
+ The list specifies the prefixes to strip off during certain circumstances
+ such as the generation of the <link linkend='var-BPN'><filename>BPN</filename></link> variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SRC_URI'><glossterm>SRC_URI</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SRC_URI[doc] = "The list of source files - local or remote. This variable tells the OpenEmbedded build system what bits to pull in for the build and how to pull them in."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The list of source files - local or remote.
+ This variable tells the OpenEmbedded build system which bits
+ to pull in for the build and how to pull them in.
+ For example, if the recipe or append file only needs to
+ fetch a tarball from the Internet, the recipe or
+ append file uses a single <filename>SRC_URI</filename>
+ entry.
+ On the other hand, if the recipe or append file needs to
+ fetch a tarball, apply two patches, and include a custom
+ file, the recipe or append file would include four
+ instances of the variable.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list explains the available URI protocols:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>file://</filename> -</emphasis>
+ Fetches files, which are usually files shipped with
+ the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>,
+ from the local machine.
+ The path is relative to the
+ <link linkend='var-FILESPATH'><filename>FILESPATH</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ Thus, the build system searches, in order, from the
+ following directories, which are assumed to be a
+ subdirectories of the directory in which the
+ recipe file (<filename>.bb</filename>) or
+ append file (<filename>.bbappend</filename>)
+ resides:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>${BPN}</filename> -</emphasis>
+ The base recipe name without any special
+ suffix or version numbers.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>${BP}</filename> -</emphasis>
+ <filename>${<link linkend='var-BPN'>BPN</link>}-${PV}</filename>.
+ The base recipe name and version but without
+ any special package name suffix.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>files -</emphasis>
+ Files within a directory, which is named
+ <filename>files</filename> and is also
+ alongside the recipe or append file.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <note>
+ If you want the build system to pick up files
+ specified through a
+ <filename>SRC_URI</filename>
+ statement from your append file, you need to be
+ sure to extend the
+ <filename>FILESPATH</filename>
+ variable by also using the
+ <link linkend='var-FILESEXTRAPATHS'><filename>FILESEXTRAPATHS</filename></link>
+ variable from within your append file.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>bzr://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files from a
+ Bazaar revision control repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>git://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files from a
+ Git revision control repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>osc://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files from
+ an OSC (OpenSUSE Build service) revision control repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>repo://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files from
+ a repo (Git) repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>ccrc://</filename> -</emphasis>
+ Fetches files from a ClearCase repository.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>http://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files from
+ the Internet using <filename>http</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>https://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files
+ from the Internet using <filename>https</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>ftp://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files
+ from the Internet using <filename>ftp</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>cvs://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files from
+ a CVS revision control repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>hg://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files from
+ a Mercurial (<filename>hg</filename>) revision control repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>p4://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files from
+ a Perforce (<filename>p4</filename>) revision control repository.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>ssh://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files from
+ a secure shell.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>svn://</filename> -</emphasis> Fetches files from
+ a Subversion (<filename>svn</filename>) revision control repository.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Standard and recipe-specific options for <filename>SRC_URI</filename> exist.
+ Here are standard options:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>apply</filename> -</emphasis> Whether to apply
+ the patch or not.
+ The default action is to apply the patch.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>striplevel</filename> -</emphasis> Which
+ striplevel to use when applying the patch.
+ The default level is 1.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>patchdir</filename> -</emphasis> Specifies
+ the directory in which the patch should be applied.
+ The default is <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-S'><filename>S</filename></link><filename>}</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are options specific to recipes building code from a revision control system:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>mindate</filename> -</emphasis>
+ Apply the patch only if
+ <link linkend='var-SRCDATE'><filename>SRCDATE</filename></link>
+ is equal to or greater than <filename>mindate</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>maxdate</filename> -</emphasis>
+ Apply the patch only if <filename>SRCDATE</filename>
+ is not later than <filename>mindate</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>minrev</filename> -</emphasis>
+ Apply the patch only if <filename>SRCREV</filename>
+ is equal to or greater than <filename>minrev</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>maxrev</filename> -</emphasis>
+ Apply the patch only if <filename>SRCREV</filename>
+ is not later than <filename>maxrev</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>rev</filename> -</emphasis>
+ Apply the patch only if <filename>SRCREV</filename>
+ is equal to <filename>rev</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>notrev</filename> -</emphasis>
+ Apply the patch only if <filename>SRCREV</filename>
+ is not equal to <filename>rev</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some additional options worth mentioning:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>unpack</filename> -</emphasis> Controls
+ whether or not to unpack the file if it is an archive.
+ The default action is to unpack the file.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>subdir</filename> -</emphasis> Places the file
+ (or extracts its contents) into the specified
+ subdirectory of <link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link>.
+ This option is useful for unusual tarballs or other archives that
+ do not have their files already in a subdirectory within the archive.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>name</filename> -</emphasis> Specifies a
+ name to be used for association with <filename>SRC_URI</filename> checksums
+ when you have more than one file specified in <filename>SRC_URI</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>downloadfilename</filename> -</emphasis> Specifies
+ the filename used when storing the downloaded file.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SRC_URI_OVERRIDES_PACKAGE_ARCH'><glossterm>SRC_URI_OVERRIDES_PACKAGE_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SRC_URI_OVERRIDES_PACKAGE_ARCH[doc] = "By default, the OpenEmbedded build system automatically detects whether SRC_URI contains files that are machine-specific. If so, the build system automatically changes PACKAGE_ARCH. Setting this variable to '0' disables this behavior."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system automatically detects whether
+ <filename><link linkend='var-SRC_URI'>SRC_URI</link></filename>
+ contains files that are machine-specific.
+ If so, the build system automatically changes
+ <filename><link linkend='var-PACKAGE_ARCH'>PACKAGE_ARCH</link></filename>.
+ Setting this variable to "0" disables this behavior.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SRCDATE'><glossterm>SRCDATE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SRCDATE[doc] = "The date of the source code used to build the package. This variable applies only if the source was fetched from a Source Code Manager (SCM)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The date of the source code used to build the package.
+ This variable applies only if the source was fetched from a Source Code Manager (SCM).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SRCPV'><glossterm>SRCPV</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SRCPV[doc] = "Returns the version string of the current package. This string is used to help define the value of PV."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Returns the version string of the current package.
+ This string is used to help define the value of
+ <link linkend='var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>SRCPV</filename> variable is defined in the
+ <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> configuration
+ file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SRCPV = "${@bb.fetch2.get_srcrev(d)}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Recipes that need to define <filename>PV</filename> do so
+ with the help of the <filename>SRCPV</filename>.
+ For example, the <filename>ofono</filename> recipe
+ (<filename>ofono_git.bb</filename>) located in
+ <filename>meta/recipes-connectivity</filename> in the
+ Source Directory defines <filename>PV</filename> as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PV = "0.12-git${SRCPV}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SRCREV'><glossterm>SRCREV</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SRCREV[doc] = "The revision of the source code used to build the package. This variable applies to Subversion, Git, Mercurial and Bazaar only."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The revision of the source code used to build the package.
+ This variable applies to Subversion, Git, Mercurial and
+ Bazaar only.
+ Note that if you want to build a fixed revision and you
+ want to avoid performing a query on the remote repository
+ every time BitBake parses your recipe, you should specify
+ a <filename>SRCREV</filename> that is a
+ full revision identifier and not just a tag.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ For information on limitations when inheriting the latest
+ revision of software using <filename>SRCREV</filename>,
+ see the
+ <link linkend='var-AUTOREV'><filename>AUTOREV</filename></link>
+ variable description.
+ </note>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SSTATE_DIR'><glossterm>SSTATE_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SSTATE_DIR[doc] = "The directory for the shared state cache."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The directory for the shared state cache.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SSTATE_MIRROR_ALLOW_NETWORK'><glossterm>SSTATE_MIRROR_ALLOW_NETWORK</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SSTATE_MIRROR_ALLOW_NETWORK[doc] = "If set to "1", allows fetches from mirrors that are specified in SSTATE_MIRRORS to work even when fetching from the network has been disabled by setting BB_NO_NETWORK to "1"."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ If set to "1", allows fetches from
+ mirrors that are specified in
+ <link linkend='var-SSTATE_MIRRORS'><filename>SSTATE_MIRRORS</filename></link>
+ to work even when fetching from the network has been
+ disabled by setting <filename>BB_NO_NETWORK</filename>
+ to "1".
+ Using the
+ <filename>SSTATE_MIRROR_ALLOW_NETWORK</filename>
+ variable is useful if you have set
+ <filename>SSTATE_MIRRORS</filename> to point to an
+ internal server for your shared state cache, but
+ you want to disable any other fetching from the network.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SSTATE_MIRRORS'><glossterm>SSTATE_MIRRORS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SSTATE_MIRRORS[doc] = "Configures the OpenEmbedded build system to search other mirror locations for prebuilt cache data objects before building out the data. You can specify a filesystem directory or a remote URL such as HTTP or FTP."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Configures the OpenEmbedded build system to search other
+ mirror locations for prebuilt cache data objects before
+ building out the data.
+ This variable works like fetcher
+ <link linkend='var-MIRRORS'><filename>MIRRORS</filename></link>
+ and <link linkend='var-PREMIRRORS'><filename>PREMIRRORS</filename></link>
+ and points to the cache locations to check for the shared
+ objects.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can specify a filesystem directory or a remote URL such
+ as HTTP or FTP.
+ The locations you specify need to contain the shared state
+ cache (sstate-cache) results from previous builds.
+ The sstate-cache you point to can also be from builds on
+ other machines.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If a mirror uses the same structure as
+ <link linkend='var-SSTATE_DIR'><filename>SSTATE_DIR</filename></link>,
+ you need to add
+ "PATH" at the end as shown in the examples below.
+ The build system substitutes the correct path within the
+ directory structure.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SSTATE_MIRRORS ?= "\
+ file://.* http://<replaceable>someserver</replaceable>.tld/share/sstate/PATH \n \
+ file://.* file:///<replaceable>some-local-dir</replaceable>/sstate/PATH"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_BASE_LIBDIR_NATIVE'><glossterm>STAGING_BASE_LIBDIR_NATIVE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_BASE_LIBDIR_NATIVE[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /lib subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the <filename>/lib</filename>
+ subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the
+ build host.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_BASELIBDIR'><glossterm>STAGING_BASELIBDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_BASELIBDIR[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /lib subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the target for which the current recipe is being built (STAGING_DIR_HOST)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the <filename>/lib</filename>
+ subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the target
+ for which the current recipe is being built
+ (<link linkend='var-STAGING_DIR_HOST'><filename>STAGING_DIR_HOST</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_BINDIR'><glossterm>STAGING_BINDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_BINDIR[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /usr/bin subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the target for which the current recipe is being built (STAGING_DIR_HOST)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the
+ <filename>/usr/bin</filename> subdirectory of the
+ sysroot directory for the target for which the current
+ recipe is being built
+ (<link linkend='var-STAGING_DIR_HOST'><filename>STAGING_DIR_HOST</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_BINDIR_CROSS'><glossterm>STAGING_BINDIR_CROSS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_BINDIR_CROSS[doc] = "Specifies the path to the directory containing binary configuration scripts. These scripts provide configuration information for other software that wants to make use of libraries or include files provided by the software associated with the script."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the directory containing binary
+ configuration scripts.
+ These scripts provide configuration information for
+ other software that wants to make use of libraries or
+ include files provided by the software associated with
+ the script.
+ <note>
+ This style of build configuration has been largely
+ replaced by <filename>pkg-config</filename>.
+ Consequently, if <filename>pkg-config</filename>
+ is supported by the library to which you are linking,
+ it is recommended you use
+ <filename>pkg-config</filename> instead of a
+ provided configuration script.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE'><glossterm>STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /usr/bin subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the
+ <filename>/usr/bin</filename> subdirectory of the
+ sysroot directory for the build host.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_DATADIR'><glossterm>STAGING_DATADIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_DATADIR[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /usr/share subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the target for which the current recipe is being built (STAGING_DIR_HOST)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the <filename>/usr/share</filename>
+ subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the target
+ for which the current recipe is being built
+ (<link linkend='var-STAGING_DIR_HOST'><filename>STAGING_DIR_HOST</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_DATADIR_NATIVE'><glossterm>STAGING_DATADIR_NATIVE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_DATADIR_NATIVE[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /usr/share subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the <filename>/usr/share</filename>
+ subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the build host.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_DIR'><glossterm>STAGING_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_DIR[doc] = "Specifies the path to the top-level sysroots directory (i.e. ${TMPDIR}/sysroots)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the top-level sysroots directory
+ (i.e.
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link><filename>}/sysroots</filename>).
+ <note>
+ Recipes should never write files directly under
+ this directory because the OpenEmbedded build system
+ manages the directory automatically.
+ Instead, files should be installed to
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-D'><filename>D</filename></link><filename>}</filename>
+ within your recipe's
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task and then the OpenEmbedded build system will
+ stage a subset of those files into the sysroot.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_DIR_HOST'><glossterm>STAGING_DIR_HOST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_DIR_HOST[doc] = "Specifies the path to the primary sysroot directory for which the target is being built."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the primary sysroot directory for
+ which the target is being built.
+ Depending on the type of recipe and the build target, the
+ recipe's value is as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>For recipes building for the target
+ machine, the value is "${STAGING_DIR}/${MACHINE}".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>For <filename>native</filename>
+ recipes building
+ for the build host, the value is empty given the
+ assumption that when building for the build host,
+ the build host's own directories should be used.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>For <filename>nativesdk</filename>
+ recipes that build for the SDK, the value is
+ "${STAGING_DIR}/${MULTIMACH_HOST_SYS}".
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_DIR_NATIVE'><glossterm>STAGING_DIR_NATIVE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_DIR_NATIVE[doc] = "Specifies the path to the sysroot directory for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the sysroot directory for the
+ build host.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_DIR_TARGET'><glossterm>STAGING_DIR_TARGET</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_DIR_TARGET[doc] = "Specifies the path to the sysroot directory for the target for which the current recipe is being built."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the sysroot directory for the
+ target for which the current recipe is being built.
+ In most cases, this path is the
+ <link linkend='var-STAGING_DIR_HOST'><filename>STAGING_DIR_HOST</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some recipes build binaries that can run on the target
+ system but those binaries in turn generate code for
+ another different system (e.g. cross-canadian recipes).
+ Using terminology from GNU, the primary system is referred
+ to as the "HOST" and the secondary, or different, system is
+ referred to as the "TARGET".
+ Thus, the binaries run on the "HOST" system and
+ and generate binaries for the "TARGET" system.
+ <filename>STAGING_DIR_TARGET</filename> points to the
+ sysroot used for the "TARGET" system.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_ETCDIR_NATIVE'><glossterm>STAGING_ETCDIR_NATIVE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_ETCDIR_NATIVE[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /etc subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the <filename>/etc</filename>
+ subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the
+ build host.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_EXECPREFIXDIR'><glossterm>STAGING_EXECPREFIXDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_EXECPREFIXDIR[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /usr subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the target for which the current recipe is being built (STAGING_DIR_HOST)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the <filename>/usr</filename>
+ subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the target
+ for which the current recipe is being built
+ (<link linkend='var-STAGING_DIR_HOST'><filename>STAGING_DIR_HOST</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_INCDIR'><glossterm>STAGING_INCDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_INCDIR[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /usr/include subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the target for which the current recipe being built (STAGING_DIR_HOST)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the
+ <filename>/usr/include</filename> subdirectory of the
+ sysroot directory for the target for which the current
+ recipe being built
+ (<link linkend='var-STAGING_DIR_HOST'><filename>STAGING_DIR_HOST</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_INCDIR_NATIVE'><glossterm>STAGING_INCDIR_NATIVE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_INCDIR_NATIVE[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /usr/include subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the <filename>/usr/include</filename>
+ subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the build host.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_KERNEL_DIR'><glossterm>STAGING_KERNEL_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_KERNEL_DIR[doc] = "The directory with kernel headers that are required to build out-of-tree modules."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The directory with kernel headers that are required to build out-of-tree
+ modules.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_LIBDIR'><glossterm>STAGING_LIBDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_LIBDIR[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /usr/lib subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the target for which the current recipe is being built (STAGING_DIR_HOST)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the <filename>/usr/lib</filename>
+ subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the target for
+ which the current recipe is being built
+ (<link linkend='var-STAGING_DIR_HOST'><filename>STAGING_DIR_HOST</filename></link>).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAGING_LIBDIR_NATIVE'><glossterm>STAGING_LIBDIR_NATIVE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAGING_LIBDIR_NATIVE[doc] = "Specifies the path to the /usr/lib subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the build host."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the path to the <filename>/usr/lib</filename>
+ subdirectory of the sysroot directory for the build host.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAMP'><glossterm>STAMP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAMP[doc] = "Specifies the base path used to create recipe stamp files. The path to an actual stamp file is constructed by evaluating this string and then appending additional information."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the base path used to create recipe stamp files.
+ The path to an actual stamp file is constructed by evaluating this
+ string and then appending additional information.
+ Currently, the default assignment for <filename>STAMP</filename>
+ as set in the <filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename> file
+ is:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ STAMP = "${STAMPS_DIR}/${MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS}/${PN}/${EXTENDPE}${PV}-${PR}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See <link linkend='var-STAMPS_DIR'><filename>STAMPS_DIR</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS'><filename>MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-EXTENDPE'><filename>EXTENDPE</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></link>, and
+ <link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link> for related variable
+ information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STAMPS_DIR'><glossterm>STAMPS_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STAMPS_DIR[doc] = "Specifies the base directory in which the OpenEmbedded build system places stamps."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the base directory in which the OpenEmbedded
+ build system places stamps.
+ The default directory is
+ <filename>${TMPDIR}/stamps</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-STRIP'><glossterm>STRIP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ STRIP[doc] = "Minimal command and arguments to run 'strip' (strip symbols)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The minimal command and arguments to run
+ <filename>strip</filename>, which is used to strip
+ symbols.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SUMMARY'><glossterm>SUMMARY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SUMMARY[doc] = "The short (80 characters or less) summary of the binary package for packaging systems such as opkg, rpm or dpkg. By default, SUMMARY is used to define the DESCRIPTION variable if DESCRIPTION is not set in the recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The short (72 characters or less) summary of the binary package for packaging
+ systems such as <filename>opkg</filename>, <filename>rpm</filename> or
+ <filename>dpkg</filename>.
+ By default, <filename>SUMMARY</filename> is used to define
+ the <link linkend='var-DESCRIPTION'><filename>DESCRIPTION</filename></link>
+ variable if <filename>DESCRIPTION</filename> is not set
+ in the recipe.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SVNDIR'><glossterm>SVNDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SVNDIR[doc] = "The directory where Subversion checkouts will be stored."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The directory in which files checked out of a Subversion
+ system are stored.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SYSLINUX_DEFAULT_CONSOLE'><glossterm>SYSLINUX_DEFAULT_CONSOLE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SYSLINUX_DEFAULT_CONSOLE[doc] = "Specifies the kernel boot default console."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the kernel boot default console.
+ If you want to use a console other than the default,
+ set this variable in your recipe as follows where "X" is
+ the console number you want to use:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SYSLINUX_DEFAULT_CONSOLE = "console=ttyX"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-syslinux'><filename>syslinux</filename></link>
+ class initially sets this variable to null but then checks
+ for a value later.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SYSLINUX_OPTS'><glossterm>SYSLINUX_OPTS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SYSLINUX_OPTS[doc] = "Lists additional options to add to the syslinux file."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Lists additional options to add to the syslinux file.
+ You need to set this variable in your recipe.
+ If you want to list multiple options, separate the options
+ with a semicolon character (<filename>;</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-syslinux'><filename>syslinux</filename></link>
+ class uses this variable to create a set of options.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SYSLINUX_SERIAL'><glossterm>SYSLINUX_SERIAL</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SYSLINUX_SERIAL[doc] = "Specifies the alternate serial port or turns it off."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the alternate serial port or turns it off.
+ To turn off serial, set this variable to an empty string
+ in your recipe.
+ The variable's default value is set in the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-syslinux'><filename>syslinux</filename></link>
+ as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SYSLINUX_SERIAL ?= "0 115200"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The class checks for and uses the variable as needed.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SYSLINUX_SPLASH'><glossterm>SYSLINUX_SPLASH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SYSLINUX_SPLASH[doc] = "An .LSS file used as the background for the VGA boot menu when you are using the boot menu."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ An <filename>.LSS</filename> file used as the background
+ for the VGA boot menu when you are using the boot menu.
+ You need to set this variable in your recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-syslinux'><filename>syslinux</filename></link>
+ class checks for this variable and if found, the
+ OpenEmbedded build system installs the splash screen.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SYSLINUX_SERIAL_TTY'><glossterm>SYSLINUX_SERIAL_TTY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SYSLINUX_SERIAL_TTY[doc] = "Specifies the alternate console=tty... kernel boot argument."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the alternate console=tty... kernel boot argument.
+ The variable's default value is set in the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-syslinux'><filename>syslinux</filename></link>
+ as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SYSLINUX_SERIAL_TTY ?= "console=ttyS0,115200"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The class checks for and uses the variable as needed.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SYSROOT_PREPROCESS_FUNCS'><glossterm>SYSROOT_PREPROCESS_FUNCS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SYSROOT_PREPROCESS_FUNCS[doc] = "A list of functions to execute after files are staged into the sysroot. These functions are usually used to apply additional processing on the staged files, or to stage additional files."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of functions to execute after files are staged into
+ the sysroot.
+ These functions are usually used to apply additional
+ processing on the staged files, or to stage additional
+ files.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SYSTEMD_AUTO_ENABLE'><glossterm>SYSTEMD_AUTO_ENABLE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SYSTEMD_AUTO_ENABLE[doc] = "For recipes that inherit the systemd class, this variable specifies whether the service you have specified in SYSTEMD_SERVICE should be started automatically or not."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-systemd'><filename>systemd</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies whether the service you have
+ specified in
+ <link linkend='var-SYSTEMD_SERVICE'><filename>SYSTEMD_SERVICE</filename></link>
+ should be started automatically or not.
+ By default, the service is enabled to automatically start
+ at boot time.
+ The default setting is in the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-systemd'><filename>systemd</filename></link>
+ class as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SYSTEMD_AUTO_ENABLE ??= "enable"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can disable the service by setting the variable to
+ "disable".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SYSTEMD_PACKAGES'><glossterm>SYSTEMD_PACKAGES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SYSTEMD_PACKAGES[doc] = "For recipes that inherit the systemd class, this variable locates the systemd unit files when they are not found in the main recipe's package."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-systemd'><filename>systemd</filename></link>
+ class, this variable locates the systemd unit files when
+ they are not found in the main recipe's package.
+ By default, the
+ <filename>SYSTEMD_PACKAGES</filename> variable is set
+ such that the systemd unit files are assumed to reside in
+ the recipes main package:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SYSTEMD_PACKAGES ?= "${PN}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If these unit files are not in this recipe's main
+ package, you need to use
+ <filename>SYSTEMD_PACKAGES</filename> to list the package
+ or packages in which the build system can find the systemd
+ unit files.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SYSTEMD_SERVICE'><glossterm>SYSTEMD_SERVICE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SYSTEMD_SERVICE[doc] = "For recipes that inherit the systemd class, this variable specifies the systemd service name for a package."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-systemd'><filename>systemd</filename></link>
+ class, this variable specifies the systemd service name for
+ a package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you specify this file in your recipe, use a package
+ name override to indicate the package to which the value
+ applies.
+ Here is an example from the connman recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SYSTEMD_SERVICE_${PN} = "connman.service"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-SYSVINIT_ENABLED_GETTYS'><glossterm>SYSVINIT_ENABLED_GETTYS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ SYSVINIT_ENABLED_GETTYS[doc] = "Specifies which virtual terminals should be running a getty, the default is '1'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When using
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#new-recipe-enabling-system-services'>SysVinit</ulink>,
+ specifies a space-separated list of the virtual terminals
+ that should be running a
+ <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getty_%28Unix%29'>getty</ulink>
+ (allowing login), assuming
+ <link linkend='var-USE_VT'><filename>USE_VT</filename></link>
+ is not set to "0".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value for
+ <filename>SYSVINIT_ENABLED_GETTYS</filename> is "1"
+ (i.e. only run a getty on the first virtual terminal).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-t'><title>T</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-T'><glossterm>T</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ T[doc] = "This variable points to a directory were BitBake places temporary files, which consist mostly of task logs and scripts, when building a particular recipe."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ This variable points to a directory were BitBake places
+ temporary files, which consist mostly of task logs and
+ scripts, when building a particular recipe.
+ The variable is typically set as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ T = "${WORKDIR}/temp"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link>
+ is the directory into which BitBake unpacks and builds the
+ recipe.
+ The default <filename>bitbake.conf</filename> file sets this variable.</para>
+ <para>The <filename>T</filename> variable is not to be confused with
+ the <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link> variable,
+ which points to the root of the directory tree where BitBake
+ places the output of an entire build.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_ARCH'><glossterm>TARGET_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_ARCH[doc] = "The architecture of the device being built. The OpenEmbedded build system supports the following architectures: arm, mips, ppc, x86, x86-64."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The target machine's architecture.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system supports many
+ architectures.
+ Here is an example list of architectures supported.
+ This list is by no means complete as the architecture
+ is configurable:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ arm
+ i586
+ x86_64
+ powerpc
+ powerpc64
+ mips
+ mipsel
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For additional information on machine architectures, see
+ the
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_ARCH'><filename>TUNE_ARCH</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_AS_ARCH'><glossterm>TARGET_AS_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_AS_ARCH[doc] = "Specifies architecture-specific assembler flags for the target system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies architecture-specific assembler flags for the
+ target system.
+ <filename>TARGET_AS_ARCH</filename> is initialized from
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_ASARGS'><filename>TUNE_ASARGS</filename></link>
+ by default in the BitBake configuration file
+ (<filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename>):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TARGET_AS_ARCH = "${TUNE_ASARGS}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_CC_ARCH'><glossterm>TARGET_CC_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_CC_ARCH[doc] = "Specifies architecture-specific C compiler flags for the target system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies architecture-specific C compiler flags for the
+ target system.
+ <filename>TARGET_CC_ARCH</filename> is initialized from
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_CCARGS'><filename>TUNE_CCARGS</filename></link>
+ by default.
+ <note>
+ It is a common workaround to append
+ <link linkend='var-LDFLAGS'><filename>LDFLAGS</filename></link>
+ to <filename>TARGET_CC_ARCH</filename>
+ in recipes that build software for the target that
+ would not otherwise respect the exported
+ <filename>LDFLAGS</filename> variable.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_CC_KERNEL_ARCH'><glossterm>TARGET_CC_KERNEL_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_CC_KERNEL_ARCH[doc] = "This is a specific kernel compiler flag for a CPU or Application Binary Interface (ABI) tune."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ This is a specific kernel compiler flag for a CPU or
+ Application Binary Interface (ABI) tune.
+ The flag is used rarely and only for cases where a
+ userspace
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_CCARGS'><filename>TUNE_CCARGS</filename></link>
+ is not compatible with the kernel compilation.
+ The <filename>TARGET_CC_KERNEL_ARCH</filename> variable
+ allows the kernel (and associated modules) to use a
+ different configuration.
+ See the
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/arm/feature-arm-thumb.inc</filename>
+ file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ for an example.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_CFLAGS'><glossterm>TARGET_CFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_CFLAGS[doc] = "Flags passed to the C compiler for the target system. This variable evaluates to the same as CFLAGS."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C compiler when building
+ for the target.
+ When building in the target context,
+ <link linkend='var-CFLAGS'><filename>CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Additionally, the SDK's environment setup script sets
+ the
+ <link linkend='var-CFLAGS'><filename>CFLAGS</filename></link>
+ variable in the environment to the
+ <filename>TARGET_CFLAGS</filename> value so that
+ executables built using the SDK also have the flags
+ applied.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_CPPFLAGS'><glossterm>TARGET_CPPFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_CPPFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the C pre-processor (i.e. to both the C and the C++ compilers) when building for the target."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C pre-processor
+ (i.e. to both the C and the C++ compilers) when building
+ for the target.
+ When building in the target context,
+ <link linkend='var-CPPFLAGS'><filename>CPPFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Additionally, the SDK's environment setup script sets
+ the
+ <link linkend='var-CPPFLAGS'><filename>CPPFLAGS</filename></link>
+ variable in the environment to the
+ <filename>TARGET_CPPFLAGS</filename> value so that
+ executables built using the SDK also have the flags
+ applied.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_CXXFLAGS'><glossterm>TARGET_CXXFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_CXXFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the C++ compiler when building for the target."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the C++ compiler when
+ building for the target.
+ When building in the target context,
+ <link linkend='var-CXXFLAGS'><filename>CXXFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Additionally, the SDK's environment setup script sets
+ the
+ <link linkend='var-CXXFLAGS'><filename>CXXFLAGS</filename></link>
+ variable in the environment to the
+ <filename>TARGET_CXXFLAGS</filename> value so that
+ executables built using the SDK also have the flags
+ applied.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_FPU'><glossterm>TARGET_FPU</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_FPU[doc] = "Specifies the method for handling FPU code. For FPU-less targets, which include most ARM CPUs, the variable must be set to 'soft'. If not, the kernel emulation gets used, which results in a performance penalty."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the method for handling FPU code.
+ For FPU-less targets, which include most ARM CPUs, the variable must be
+ set to "soft".
+ If not, the kernel emulation gets used, which results in a performance penalty.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_LD_ARCH'><glossterm>TARGET_LD_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_LD_ARCH[doc] = "Specifies architecture-specific linker flags for the target system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies architecture-specific linker flags for the
+ target system.
+ <filename>TARGET_LD_ARCH</filename> is initialized from
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_LDARGS'><filename>TUNE_LDARGS</filename></link>
+ by default in the BitBake configuration file
+ (<filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename>):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TARGET_LD_ARCH = "${TUNE_LDARGS}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_LDFLAGS'><glossterm>TARGET_LDFLAGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_LDFLAGS[doc] = "Specifies the flags to pass to the linker when building for the target."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the flags to pass to the linker when building
+ for the target.
+ When building in the target context,
+ <link linkend='var-LDFLAGS'><filename>LDFLAGS</filename></link>
+ is set to the value of this variable by default.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Additionally, the SDK's environment setup script sets
+ the
+ <link linkend='var-LDFLAGS'><filename>LDFLAGS</filename></link>
+ variable in the environment to the
+ <filename>TARGET_LDFLAGS</filename> value so that
+ executables built using the SDK also have the flags
+ applied.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_OS'><glossterm>TARGET_OS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_OS[doc] = "Specifies the target's operating system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the target's operating system.
+ The variable can be set to "linux" for <filename>glibc</filename>-based systems and
+ to "linux-uclibc" for <filename>uclibc</filename>.
+ For ARM/EABI targets, there are also "linux-gnueabi" and
+ "linux-uclibc-gnueabi" values possible.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_PREFIX'><glossterm>TARGET_PREFIX</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_PREFIX[doc] = "The prefix used for the toolchain binary target tools."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the prefix used for the toolchain binary target
+ tools.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Depending on the type of recipe and the build target,
+ <filename>TARGET_PREFIX</filename> is set as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ For recipes building for the target machine,
+ the value is
+ "${<link linkend='var-TARGET_SYS'>TARGET_SYS</link>}-".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ For <filename>native</filename> recipes, the build
+ system sets the variable to the value of
+ <filename>BUILD_PREFIX</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ For <filename>nativesdk</filename> recipes, the
+ build system sets the variable to the value of
+ <filename>SDK_PREFIX</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_SYS'><glossterm>TARGET_SYS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_SYS[doc] = "The target system is comprised of TARGET_ARCH,TARGET_VENDOR and TARGET_OS."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the system, including the architecture and the
+ operating system, for which the build is occurring in
+ the context of the current recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system automatically sets this
+ variable based on
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_ARCH'><filename>TARGET_ARCH</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_VENDOR'><filename>TARGET_VENDOR</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_OS'><filename>TARGET_OS</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ <note>
+ You do not need to set the
+ <filename>TARGET_SYS</filename> variable yourself.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Consider these two examples:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Given a <filename>native</filename> recipe on a
+ 32-bit, x86 machine running Linux, the value is
+ "i686-linux".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Given a recipe being built for a little-endian,
+ MIPS target running Linux, the value might be
+ "mipsel-linux".
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TARGET_VENDOR'><glossterm>TARGET_VENDOR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TARGET_VENDOR[doc] = "The name of the target vendor."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the name of the target vendor.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TCLIBCAPPEND'><glossterm>TCLIBCAPPEND</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TCLIBCAPPEND[doc] = "Specifies a suffix appended to TMPDIR that identifies the libc variant for the build."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a suffix to be appended onto the
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ value.
+ The suffix identifies the <filename>libc</filename> variant
+ for building.
+ When you are building for multiple variants with the same
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
+ this mechanism ensures that output for different
+ <filename>libc</filename> variants is kept separate to
+ avoid potential conflicts.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the <filename>defaultsetup.conf</filename> file, the
+ default value of <filename>TCLIBCAPPEND</filename> is
+ "-${TCLIBC}".
+ However, distros such as poky, which normally only support
+ one <filename>libc</filename> variant, set
+ <filename>TCLIBCAPPEND</filename> to "" in their distro
+ configuration file resulting in no suffix being applied.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TCLIBC'><glossterm>TCLIBC</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TCLIBC[doc] = "Specifies GNU standard C library (libc) variant to use during the build process. You can select 'glibc' or 'uclibc'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the GNU standard C library (<filename>libc</filename>)
+ variant to use during the build process.
+ This variable replaces <filename>POKYLIBC</filename>, which is no longer
+ supported.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can select "glibc" or "uclibc".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TCMODE'><glossterm>TCMODE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TCMODE[doc] = "Enables an external toolchain (where provided by an additional layer) if set to a value other than 'default'."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the toolchain selector.
+ <filename>TCMODE</filename> controls the characteristics
+ of the generated packages and images by telling the
+ OpenEmbedded build system which toolchain profile to use.
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system builds its own
+ internal toolchain.
+ The variable's default value is "default", which uses
+ that internal toolchain.
+ <note>
+ If <filename>TCMODE</filename> is set to a value
+ other than "default", then it is your responsibility
+ to ensure that the toolchain is compatible with the
+ default toolchain.
+ Using older or newer versions of these components
+ might cause build problems.
+ See the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_RELEASE_NOTES;'>Release Notes</ulink>
+ for the specific components with which the toolchain
+ must be compatible.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>TCMODE</filename> variable is similar to
+ <link linkend='var-TCLIBC'><filename>TCLIBC</filename></link>,
+ which controls the variant of the GNU standard C library
+ (<filename>libc</filename>) used during the build process:
+ <filename>glibc</filename> or <filename>uclibc</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ With additional layers, it is possible to use a pre-compiled
+ external toolchain.
+ One example is the Sourcery G++ Toolchain.
+ The support for this toolchain resides in the separate
+ <trademark class='registered'>Mentor Graphics</trademark>
+ <filename>meta-sourcery</filename> layer at
+ <ulink url='http://github.com/MentorEmbedded/meta-sourcery/'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The layer's <filename>README</filename> file contains
+ information on how to use the Sourcery G++ Toolchain as
+ an external toolchain.
+ In summary, you must be sure to add the layer to your
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file in front of the
+ <filename>meta</filename> layer and then set the
+ <filename>EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAIN</filename>
+ variable in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file
+ to the location in which you installed the toolchain.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The fundamentals used for this example apply to any
+ external toolchain.
+ You can use <filename>meta-sourcery</filename> as a
+ template for adding support for other external toolchains.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_EXPORT_DIR'><glossterm>TEST_EXPORT_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_EXPORT_DIR[doc] = "The location the OpenEmbedded build system uses to export tests when the TEST_EXPORT_ONLY variable is set to "1"."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The location the OpenEmbedded build system uses to export
+ tests when the
+ <link linkend='var-TEST_EXPORT_ONLY'><filename>TEST_EXPORT_ONLY</filename></link>
+ variable is set to "1".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>TEST_EXPORT_DIR</filename> variable defaults
+ to <filename>"${TMPDIR}/testimage/${PN}"</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_EXPORT_ONLY'><glossterm>TEST_EXPORT_ONLY</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_EXPORT_ONLY[doc] = "Specifies to export the tests only. Set this variable to "1" if you do not want to run the tests but you want them to be exported in a manner that you to run them outside of the build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies to export the tests only.
+ Set this variable to "1" if you do not want to run the
+ tests but you want them to be exported in a manner that
+ you to run them outside of the build system.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_IMAGE'><glossterm>TEST_IMAGE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_IMAGE[doc] = "Enables test booting of virtual machine images under the QEMU emulator after any root filesystems are created and runs tests against those images."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Automatically runs the series of automated tests for
+ images when an image is successfully built.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ These tests are written in Python making use of the
+ <filename>unittest</filename> module, and the majority of
+ them run commands on the target system over
+ <filename>ssh</filename>.
+ You can set this variable to "1" in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ to have the OpenEmbedded build system automatically run
+ these tests after an image successfully builds:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_IMAGE = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ For more information on enabling, running, and writing
+ these tests, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#performing-automated-runtime-testing'>Performing Automated Runtime Testing</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual and the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-testimage'><filename>testimage.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_LOG_DIR'><glossterm>TEST_LOG_DIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_LOG_DIR[doc] = "Holds the SSH log and the boot log for QEMU machines. The <filename>TEST_LOG_DIR</filename> variable defaults to "${WORKDIR}/testimage"."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Holds the SSH log and the boot log for QEMU machines.
+ The <filename>TEST_LOG_DIR</filename> variable defaults
+ to <filename>"${WORKDIR}/testimage"</filename>.
+ <note>
+ Actual test results reside in the task log
+ (<filename>log.do_testimage</filename>), which is in
+ the <filename>${WORKDIR}/temp/</filename> directory.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD'><glossterm>TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD[doc] = "For automated hardware testing, specifies the command to use to control the power of the target machine under test"
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ For automated hardware testing, specifies the command to
+ use to control the power of the target machine under test.
+ Typically, this command would point to a script that
+ performs the appropriate action (e.g. interacting
+ with a web-enabled power strip).
+ The specified command should expect to receive as the last
+ argument "off", "on" or "cycle" specifying to power off,
+ on, or cycle (power off and then power on) the device,
+ respectively.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_POWERCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS'><glossterm>TEST_POWERCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_POWERCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS[doc] = "For automated hardware testing, specifies additional arguments to pass through to the command specified in TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD"
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ For automated hardware testing, specifies additional
+ arguments to pass through to the command specified in
+ <link linkend='var-TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD'><filename>TEST_POWERCONTROL_CMD</filename></link>.
+ Setting <filename>TEST_POWERCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS</filename>
+ is optional.
+ You can use it if you wish, for example, to separate the
+ machine-specific and non-machine-specific parts of the
+ arguments.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_QEMUBOOT_TIMEOUT'><glossterm>TEST_QEMUBOOT_TIMEOUT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_QEMUBOOT_TIMEOUT[doc] = "The time in seconds allowed for an image to boot before automated runtime tests begin to run against an image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The time in seconds allowed for an image to boot before
+ automated runtime tests begin to run against an
+ image.
+ The default timeout period to allow the boot process to
+ reach the login prompt is 500 seconds.
+ You can specify a different value in the
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on testing images, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#performing-automated-runtime-testing'>Performing Automated Runtime Testing</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_SERIALCONTROL_CMD'><glossterm>TEST_SERIALCONTROL_CMD</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_SERIALCONTROL_CMD[doc] = "For automated hardware testing, specifies the command to use to connect to the serial console of the target machine under test."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ For automated hardware testing, specifies the command
+ to use to connect to the serial console of the target
+ machine under test.
+ This command simply needs to connect to the serial console
+ and forward that connection to standard input and output
+ as any normal terminal program does.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, to use the Picocom terminal program on
+ serial device <filename>/dev/ttyUSB0</filename> at
+ 115200bps, you would set the variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_SERIALCONTROL_CMD = "picocom /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 115200"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_SERIALCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS'><glossterm>TEST_SERIALCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_SERIALCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS[doc] = "For automated hardware testing, specifies additional arguments to pass through to the command specified in TEST_SERIALCONTROL_CMD."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ For automated hardware testing, specifies additional
+ arguments to pass through to the command specified in
+ <link linkend='var-TEST_SERIALCONTROL_CMD'><filename>TEST_SERIALCONTROL_CMD</filename></link>.
+ Setting <filename>TEST_SERIALCONTROL_EXTRA_ARGS</filename>
+ is optional.
+ You can use it if you wish, for example, to separate the
+ machine-specific and non-machine-specific parts of the
+ command.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_SERVER_IP'><glossterm>TEST_SERVER_IP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_SERVER_IP[doc] = "The IP address of the build machine (host machine). This IP address is usually automatically detected."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The IP address of the build machine (host machine).
+ This IP address is usually automatically detected.
+ However, if detection fails, this variable needs to be set
+ to the IP address of the build machine (i.e. where
+ the build is taking place).
+ <note>
+ The <filename>TEST_SERVER_IP</filename> variable
+ is only used for a small number of tests such as
+ the "smart" test suite, which needs to download
+ packages from <filename>DEPLOY_DIR/rpm</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_TARGET'><glossterm>TEST_TARGET</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_TARGET[doc] = "For automated runtime testing, specifies the method of deploying the image and running tests on the target machine."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the target controller to use when running tests
+ against a test image.
+ The default controller to use is "qemu":
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_TARGET = "qemu"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A target controller is a class that defines how an
+ image gets deployed on a target and how a target is started.
+ A layer can extend the controllers by adding a module
+ in the layer's <filename>/lib/oeqa/controllers</filename>
+ directory and by inheriting the
+ <filename>BaseTarget</filename> class, which is an abstract
+ class that cannot be used as a value of
+ <filename>TEST_TARGET</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can provide the following arguments with
+ <filename>TEST_TARGET</filename>:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>"qemu" and "QemuTarget":</emphasis>
+ Boots a QEMU image and runs the tests.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#qemu-image-enabling-tests'>Enabling Runtime Tests on QEMU</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for
+ more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>"simpleremote" and "SimpleRemoteTarget":</emphasis>
+ Runs the tests on target hardware that is already
+ up and running.
+ The hardware can be on the network or it can be
+ a device running an image on QEMU.
+ You must also set
+ <link linkend='var-TEST_TARGET_IP'><filename>TEST_TARGET_IP</filename></link>
+ when you use "simpleremote" or "SimpleRemoteTarget".
+ <note>
+ This argument is defined in
+ <filename>meta/lib/oeqa/targetcontrol.py</filename>.
+ The small caps names are kept for compatibility
+ reasons.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>"GummibootTarget":</emphasis>
+ Automatically deploys and runs tests on an
+ EFI-enabled machine that has a master image
+ installed.
+ <note>
+ This argument is defined in
+ <filename>meta/lib/oeqa/controllers/masterimage.py</filename>.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on running tests on hardware, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#hardware-image-enabling-tests'>Enabling Runtime Tests on Hardware</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_TARGET_IP'><glossterm>TEST_TARGET_IP</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_TARGET_IP[doc] = "The IP address of your hardware under test."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The IP address of your hardware under test.
+ The <filename>TEST_TARGET_IP</filename> variable has no
+ effect when
+ <link linkend='var-TEST_TARGET'><filename>TEST_TARGET</filename></link>
+ is set to "qemu".
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you specify the IP address, you can also include a
+ port.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_TARGET_IP = "192.168.1.4:2201"
+ </literallayout>
+ Specifying a port is useful when SSH is started on a
+ non-standard port or in cases when your hardware under test
+ is behind a firewall or network that is not directly
+ accessible from your host and you need to do port address
+ translation.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TEST_SUITES'><glossterm>TEST_SUITES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TEST_SUITES[doc] = "An ordered list of tests (modules) to run against an image when performing automated runtime testing."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ An ordered list of tests (modules) to run against
+ an image when performing automated runtime testing.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system provides a core set of tests
+ that can be used against images.
+ <note>
+ Currently, there is only support for running these tests
+ under QEMU.
+ </note>
+ Tests include <filename>ping</filename>,
+ <filename>ssh</filename>, <filename>df</filename> among
+ others.
+ You can add your own tests to the list of tests by
+ appending <filename>TEST_SUITES</filename> as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_SUITES_append = " <replaceable>mytest</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ Alternatively, you can provide the "auto" option to
+ have all applicable tests run against the image.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_SUITES_append = " auto"
+ </literallayout>
+ Using this option causes the build system to automatically
+ run tests that are applicable to the image.
+ Tests that are not applicable are skipped.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The order in which tests are run is important.
+ Tests that depend on another test must appear later in the
+ list than the test on which they depend.
+ For example, if you append the list of tests with two
+ tests (<filename>test_A</filename> and
+ <filename>test_B</filename>) where
+ <filename>test_B</filename> is dependent on
+ <filename>test_A</filename>, then you must order the tests
+ as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TEST_SUITES = " test_A test_B"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on testing images, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#performing-automated-runtime-testing'>Performing Automated Runtime Testing</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-THISDIR'><glossterm>THISDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ THISDIR[doc] = "The directory in which the file BitBake is currently parsing is located."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The directory in which the file BitBake is currently
+ parsing is located.
+ Do not manually set this variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TIME'><glossterm>TIME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TIME[doc] = "The time the build was started using HMS format."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The time the build was started.
+ Times appear using the hour, minute, and second (HMS)
+ format (e.g. "140159" for one minute and fifty-nine
+ seconds past 1400 hours).
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TMPDIR'><glossterm>TMPDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TMPDIR[doc] = "The temporary directory the OpenEmbedded build system uses when it does its work building images. By default, the TMPDIR variable is named tmp within the Build Directory."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ This variable is the base directory the OpenEmbedded
+ build system uses for all build output and intermediate
+ files (other than the shared state cache).
+ By default, the <filename>TMPDIR</filename> variable points
+ to <filename>tmp</filename> within the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you want to establish this directory in a location other
+ than the default, you can uncomment and edit the following
+ statement in the
+ <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ #TMPDIR = "${TOPDIR}/tmp"
+ </literallayout>
+ An example use for this scenario is to set
+ <filename>TMPDIR</filename> to a local disk, which does
+ not use NFS, while having the Build Directory use NFS.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The filesystem used by <filename>TMPDIR</filename> must
+ have standard filesystem semantics (i.e. mixed-case files
+ are unique, POSIX file locking, and persistent inodes).
+ Due to various issues with NFS and bugs in some
+ implementations, NFS does not meet this minimum
+ requirement.
+ Consequently, <filename>TMPDIR</filename> cannot be on
+ NFS.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TOOLCHAIN_HOST_TASK'><glossterm>TOOLCHAIN_HOST_TASK</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TOOLCHAIN_HOST_TASK[doc] = "This variable lists packages the OpenEmbedded build system uses when building an SDK, which contains a cross-development environment."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ This variable lists packages the OpenEmbedded build system
+ uses when building an SDK, which contains a
+ cross-development environment.
+ The packages specified by this variable are part of the
+ toolchain set that runs on the
+ <link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>,
+ and each package should usually have the prefix
+ "nativesdk-".
+ When building an SDK using
+ <filename>bitbake -c populate_sdk <imagename></filename>,
+ a default list of packages is set in this variable, but
+ you can add additional packages to the list.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For background information on cross-development toolchains
+ in the Yocto Project development environment, see the
+ "<link linkend='cross-development-toolchain-generation'>Cross-Development Toolchain Generation</link>"
+ section.
+ For information on setting up a cross-development
+ environment, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#installing-the-adt'>Installing the ADT and Toolchains</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME'><glossterm>TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME[doc] = "Defines the name used for the toolchain output."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ This variable defines the name used for the toolchain
+ output.
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-populate-sdk-*'><filename>populate_sdk_base</filename></link>
+ class sets the
+ <filename>TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME</filename> variable as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TOOLCHAIN_OUTPUTNAME ?= "${SDK_NAME}-toolchain-${SDK_VERSION}"
+ </literallayout>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_NAME'><filename>SDK_NAME</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-SDK_VERSION'><filename>SDK_VERSION</filename></link>
+ variables for additional information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TOOLCHAIN_TARGET_TASK'><glossterm>TOOLCHAIN_TARGET_TASK</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TOOLCHAIN_TARGET_TASK[doc] = "This variable lists packages the OpenEmbedded build system uses when it creates the target part of an SDK, which includes libraries and headers."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ This variable lists packages the OpenEmbedded build system
+ uses when it creates the target part of an SDK
+ (i.e. the part built for the target hardware), which
+ includes libraries and headers.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For background information on cross-development toolchains
+ in the Yocto Project development environment, see the
+ "<link linkend='cross-development-toolchain-generation'>Cross-Development Toolchain Generation</link>"
+ section.
+ For information on setting up a cross-development
+ environment, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#installing-the-adt'>Installing the ADT and Toolchains</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TOPDIR'><glossterm>TOPDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TOPDIR[doc] = "The Build Directory. BitBake automatically sets this variable. The OpenEmbedded build system uses the Build Directory when building images."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The top-level
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ BitBake automatically sets this variable when you
+ initialize your build environment using either
+ <link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TRANSLATED_TARGET_ARCH'><glossterm>TRANSLATED_TARGET_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TRANSLATED_TARGET_ARCH[doc] = "A sanitized version of TARGET_ARCH. This variable is used where the architecture is needed in a value where underscores are not allowed."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A sanitized version of
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_ARCH'><filename>TARGET_ARCH</filename></link>.
+ This variable is used where the architecture is needed in
+ a value where underscores are not allowed, for example
+ within package filenames.
+ In this case, dash characters replace any underscore
+ characters used in TARGET_ARCH.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Do not edit this variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TUNE_ARCH'><glossterm>TUNE_ARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TUNE_ARCH[doc] = "The GNU canonical architecture for a specific architecture (i.e. arm, armeb, mips, mips64, and so forth)."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The GNU canonical architecture for a specific architecture
+ (i.e. <filename>arm</filename>,
+ <filename>armeb</filename>,
+ <filename>mips</filename>,
+ <filename>mips64</filename>, and so forth).
+ BitBake uses this value to setup configuration.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>TUNE_ARCH</filename> definitions are specific to
+ a given architecture.
+ The definitions can be a single static definition, or
+ can be dynamically adjusted.
+ You can see details for a given CPU family by looking at
+ the architecture's <filename>README</filename> file.
+ For example, the
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/mips/README</filename>
+ file in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ provides information for <filename>TUNE_ARCH</filename>
+ specific to the <filename>mips</filename> architecture.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <filename>TUNE_ARCH</filename> is tied closely to
+ <link linkend='var-TARGET_ARCH'><filename>TARGET_ARCH</filename></link>,
+ which defines the target machine's architecture.
+ The BitBake configuration file
+ (<filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename>) sets
+ <filename>TARGET_ARCH</filename> as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TARGET_ARCH = "${TUNE_ARCH}"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list, which is by no means complete since
+ architectures are configurable, shows supported machine
+ architectures:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ arm
+ i586
+ x86_64
+ powerpc
+ powerpc64
+ mips
+ mipsel
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TUNE_ASARGS'><glossterm>TUNE_ASARGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TUNE_ASARGS[doc] = "Specifies architecture-specific assembler flags for the target system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies architecture-specific assembler flags for
+ the target system.
+ The set of flags is based on the selected tune features.
+ <filename>TUNE_ASARGS</filename> is set using
+ the tune include files, which are typically under
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/</filename> and are
+ influenced through
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_FEATURES'><filename>TUNE_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ For example, the
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/x86/arch-x86.inc</filename>
+ file defines the flags for the x86 architecture as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TUNE_ASARGS += "${@bb.utils.contains("TUNE_FEATURES", "mx32", "-x32", "", d)}"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ Board Support Packages (BSPs) select the tune.
+ The selected tune, in turn, affects the tune variables
+ themselves (i.e. the tune can supply its own
+ set of flags).
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TUNE_CCARGS'><glossterm>TUNE_CCARGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TUNE_CCARGS[doc] = "Specifies architecture-specific C compiler flags for the target system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies architecture-specific C compiler flags for
+ the target system.
+ The set of flags is based on the selected tune features.
+ <filename>TUNE_CCARGS</filename> is set using
+ the tune include files, which are typically under
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/</filename> and are
+ influenced through
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_FEATURES'><filename>TUNE_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ <note>
+ Board Support Packages (BSPs) select the tune.
+ The selected tune, in turn, affects the tune variables
+ themselves (i.e. the tune can supply its own
+ set of flags).
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TUNE_LDARGS'><glossterm>TUNE_LDARGS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TUNE_LDARGS[doc] = "Specifies architecture-specific linker flags for the target system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies architecture-specific linker flags for
+ the target system.
+ The set of flags is based on the selected tune features.
+ <filename>TUNE_LDARGS</filename> is set using
+ the tune include files, which are typically under
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/</filename> and are
+ influenced through
+ <link linkend='var-TUNE_FEATURES'><filename>TUNE_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ For example, the
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/x86/arch-x86.inc</filename>
+ file defines the flags for the x86 architecture as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TUNE_LDARGS += "${@bb.utils.contains("TUNE_FEATURES", "mx32", "-m elf32_x86_64", "", d)}"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ Board Support Packages (BSPs) select the tune.
+ The selected tune, in turn, affects the tune variables
+ themselves (i.e. the tune can supply its own
+ set of flags).
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TUNE_FEATURES'><glossterm>TUNE_FEATURES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TUNE_FEATURES[doc] = "Features used to "tune" a compiler for optimal use given a specific processor."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Features used to "tune" a compiler for optimal use
+ given a specific processor.
+ The features are defined within the tune files and allow
+ arguments (i.e. <filename>TUNE_*ARGS</filename>) to be
+ dynamically generated based on the features.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system verifies the features
+ to be sure they are not conflicting and that they are
+ supported.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The BitBake configuration file
+ (<filename>meta/conf/bitbake.conf</filename>) defines
+ <filename>TUNE_FEATURES</filename> as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TUNE_FEATURES ??= "${TUNE_FEATURES_tune-${DEFAULTTUNE}}"
+ </literallayout>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='var-DEFAULTTUNE'><filename>DEFAULTTUNE</filename></link>
+ variable for more information.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TUNE_PKGARCH'><glossterm>TUNE_PKGARCH</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TUNE_PKGARCH[doc] = "The package architecture understood by the packaging system to define the architecture, ABI, and tuning of output packages."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The package architecture understood by the packaging
+ system to define the architecture, ABI, and tuning of
+ output packages.
+ The specific tune is defined using the "_tune" override
+ as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TUNE_PKGARCH_tune-<replaceable>tune</replaceable> = "<replaceable>tune</replaceable>"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ These tune-specific package architectures are defined in
+ the machine include files.
+ Here is an example of the "core2-32" tuning as used
+ in the
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/tune-core2.inc</filename>
+ file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TUNE_PKGARCH_tune-core2-32 = "core2-32"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TUNEABI'><glossterm>TUNEABI</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TUNEABI[doc] = "An underlying ABI used by a particular tuning in a given toolchain layer. This feature allows providers using prebuilt libraries to check compatibility of a tuning against their selection of libraries."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ An underlying Application Binary Interface (ABI) used by
+ a particular tuning in a given toolchain layer.
+ Providers that use prebuilt libraries can use the
+ <filename>TUNEABI</filename>,
+ <link linkend='var-TUNEABI_OVERRIDE'><filename>TUNEABI_OVERRIDE</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-TUNEABI_WHITELIST'><filename>TUNEABI_WHITELIST</filename></link>
+ variables to check compatibility of tunings against their
+ selection of libraries.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If <filename>TUNEABI</filename> is undefined, then every
+ tuning is allowed.
+ See the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-sanity'><filename>sanity</filename></link>
+ class to see how the variable is used.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TUNEABI_OVERRIDE'><glossterm>TUNEABI_OVERRIDE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TUNEABI_OVERRIDE[doc] = "If set, ignores TUNEABI_WHITELIST."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ If set, the OpenEmbedded system ignores the
+ <link linkend='var-TUNEABI_WHITELIST'><filename>TUNEABI_WHITELIST</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ Providers that use prebuilt libraries can use the
+ <filename>TUNEABI_OVERRIDE</filename>,
+ <filename>TUNEABI_WHITELIST</filename>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-TUNEABI'><filename>TUNEABI</filename></link>
+ variables to check compatibility of a tuning against their
+ selection of libraries.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-sanity'><filename>sanity</filename></link>
+ class to see how the variable is used.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TUNEABI_WHITELIST'><glossterm>TUNEABI_WHITELIST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TUNEABI_WHITELIST[doc] = "A whitelist of permissible TUNEABI values. If the variable is not set, all values are allowed."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A whitelist of permissible
+ <link linkend='var-TUNEABI'><filename>TUNEABI</filename></link>
+ values.
+ If <filename>TUNEABI_WHITELIST</filename> is not set,
+ all tunes are allowed.
+ Providers that use prebuilt libraries can use the
+ <filename>TUNEABI_WHITELIST</filename>,
+ <link linkend='var-TUNEABI_OVERRIDE'><filename>TUNEABI_OVERRIDE</filename></link>,
+ and <filename>TUNEABI</filename> variables to check
+ compatibility of a tuning against their selection of
+ libraries.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-sanity'><filename>sanity</filename></link>
+ class to see how the variable is used.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TUNECONFLICTS'><glossterm>TUNECONFLICTS[<replaceable>feature</replaceable>]</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TUNECONFLICTS[doc] = "Specifies CPU or Application Binary Interface (ABI) tuning features that conflict with specified feature."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies CPU or Application Binary Interface (ABI)
+ tuning features that conflict with <replaceable>feature</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Known tuning conflicts are specified in the machine include
+ files in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ Here is an example from the
+ <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/mips/arch-mips.inc</filename>
+ include file that lists the "o32" and "n64" features as
+ conflicting with the "n32" feature:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TUNECONFLICTS[n32] = "o32 n64"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-TUNEVALID'><glossterm>TUNEVALID[<replaceable>feature</replaceable>]</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ TUNEVALID[doc] = "Descriptions, stored as flags, of valid tuning features."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a valid CPU or Application Binary Interface (ABI)
+ tuning feature.
+ The specified feature is stored as a flag.
+ Valid features are specified in the machine include files
+ (e.g. <filename>meta/conf/machine/include/arm/arch-arm.inc</filename>).
+ Here is an example from that file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ TUNEVALID[bigendian] = "Enable big-endian mode."
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the machine include files in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ for these features.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-u'><title>U</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-UBOOT_CONFIG'><glossterm>UBOOT_CONFIG</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ UBOOT_CONFIG[doc] = "Configures the UBOOT_MACHINE and can also define IMAGE_FSTYPES for individual cases."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Configures the
+ <link linkend='var-UBOOT_MACHINE'><filename>UBOOT_MACHINE</filename></link>
+ and can also define
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'><filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename></link>
+ for individual cases.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is an example from the
+ <filename>meta-fsl-arm</filename> layer.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ UBOOT_CONFIG ??= "sd"
+ UBOOT_CONFIG[sd] = "mx6qsabreauto_config,sdcard"
+ UBOOT_CONFIG[eimnor] = "mx6qsabreauto_eimnor_config"
+ UBOOT_CONFIG[nand] = "mx6qsabreauto_nand_config,ubifs"
+ UBOOT_CONFIG[spinor] = "mx6qsabreauto_spinor_config"
+ </literallayout>
+ In this example, "sd" is selected as the configuration
+ of the possible four for the
+ <filename>UBOOT_MACHINE</filename>.
+ The "sd" configuration defines "mx6qsabreauto_config"
+ as the value for <filename>UBOOT_MACHINE</filename>, while
+ the "sdcard" specifies the
+ <filename>IMAGE_FSTYPES</filename> to use for the U-boot
+ image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on how the
+ <filename>UBOOT_CONFIG</filename> is handled, see the
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/tree/meta/classes/uboot-config.bbclass'><filename>uboot-config</filename></ulink>
+ class.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-UBOOT_ENTRYPOINT'><glossterm>UBOOT_ENTRYPOINT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ UBOOT_ENTRYPOINT[doc] = "Specifies the entry point for the U-Boot image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the entry point for the U-Boot image.
+ During U-Boot image creation, the
+ <filename>UBOOT_ENTRYPOINT</filename> variable is passed
+ as a command-line parameter to the
+ <filename>uboot-mkimage</filename> utility.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-UBOOT_LOADADDRESS'><glossterm>UBOOT_LOADADDRESS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ UBOOT_LOADADDRESS[doc] = "Specifies the load address for the U-Boot image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the load address for the U-Boot image.
+ During U-Boot image creation, the
+ <filename>UBOOT_LOADADDRESS</filename> variable is passed
+ as a command-line parameter to the
+ <filename>uboot-mkimage</filename> utility.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-UBOOT_LOCALVERSION'><glossterm>UBOOT_LOCALVERSION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ UBOOT_LOCALVERSION[doc] = "Appends a string to the name of the local version of the U-Boot image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Appends a string to the name of the local version of the
+ U-Boot image.
+ For example, assuming the version of the U-Boot image
+ built was "2013.10, the full version string reported by
+ U-Boot would be "2013.10-yocto" given the following
+ statement:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ UBOOT_LOCALVERSION = "-yocto"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-UBOOT_MACHINE'><glossterm>UBOOT_MACHINE</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ UBOOT_MACHINE[doc] = "Specifies the value passed on the make command line when building a U-Boot image."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the value passed on the
+ <filename>make</filename> command line when building
+ a U-Boot image.
+ The value indicates the target platform configuration.
+ You typically set this variable from the machine
+ configuration file (i.e.
+ <filename>conf/machine/<replaceable>machine_name</replaceable>.conf</filename>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Please see the "Selection of Processor Architecture and
+ Board Type" section in the U-Boot README for valid values
+ for this variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-UBOOT_MAKE_TARGET'><glossterm>UBOOT_MAKE_TARGET</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ UBOOT_MAKE_TARGET[doc] = "Specifies the target called in the Makefile."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the target called in the
+ <filename>Makefile</filename>.
+ The default target is "all".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-UBOOT_SUFFIX'><glossterm>UBOOT_SUFFIX</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ UBOOT_SUFFIX[doc] = "Points to the generated U-Boot extension."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Points to the generated U-Boot extension.
+ For example, <filename>u-boot.sb</filename> has a
+ <filename>.sb</filename> extension.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default U-Boot extension is
+ <filename>.bin</filename>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-UBOOT_TARGET'><glossterm>UBOOT_TARGET</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ UBOOT_TARGET[doc] = "Specifies the target used for building U-Boot."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the target used for building U-Boot.
+ The target is passed directly as part of the "make" command
+ (e.g. SPL and AIS).
+ If you do not specifically set this variable, the
+ OpenEmbedded build process passes and uses "all" for the
+ target during the U-Boot building process.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_WHITELIST'><glossterm>UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_WHITELIST</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_WHITELIST[doc] = "Specifies a list of options that, if reported by the configure script as being invalid, should not generate a warning during the do_configure task."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a list of options that, if reported by the
+ configure script as being invalid, should not generate a
+ warning during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-configure'><filename>do_configure</filename></link>
+ task.
+ Normally, invalid configure options are simply not passed
+ to the configure script (e.g. should be removed from
+ <link linkend='var-EXTRA_OECONF'><filename>EXTRA_OECONF</filename></link>).
+ However, common options, for example, exist that are passed
+ to all configure scripts at a class level that might not
+ be valid for some configure scripts.
+ It follows that no benefit exists in seeing a warning about
+ these options.
+ For these cases, the options are added to
+ <filename>UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_WHITELIST</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The configure arguments check that uses
+ <filename>UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_WHITELIST</filename> is part
+ of the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane</filename></link>
+ class and is only enabled if the recipe inherits the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-UPDATERCPN'><glossterm>UPDATERCPN</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ UPDATERCPN[doc] = "Specifies the package that contains the initscript that is to be enabled."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ For recipes inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-update-rc.d'><filename>update-rc.d</filename></link>
+ class, <filename>UPDATERCPN</filename> specifies
+ the package that contains the initscript that is to be
+ enabled.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value is "${PN}".
+ Given that almost all recipes that install initscripts
+ package them in the main package for the recipe, you
+ rarely need to set this variable in individual recipes.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-USE_DEVFS'><glossterm>USE_DEVFS</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ USE_DEVFS[doc] = "Determines if devtmpfs is used for /dev population."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Determines if <filename>devtmpfs</filename> is used for
+ <filename>/dev</filename> population.
+ The default value used for <filename>USE_DEVFS</filename>
+ is "1" when no value is specifically set.
+ Typically, you would set <filename>USE_DEVFS</filename>
+ to "0" for a statically populated <filename>/dev</filename>
+ directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#selecting-dev-manager'>Selecting a Device Manager</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual for
+ information on how to use this variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-USE_VT'><glossterm>USE_VT</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ USE_VT[doc] = "When using SysVinit, determines whether or not to run a getty on any virtual terminals in order to enable logging in through those terminals."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When using
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#new-recipe-enabling-system-services'>SysVinit</ulink>,
+ determines whether or not to run a
+ <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getty_%28Unix%29'>getty</ulink>
+ on any virtual terminals in order to enable logging in
+ through those terminals.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value used for <filename>USE_VT</filename>
+ is "1" when no default value is specifically set.
+ Typically, you would set <filename>USE_VT</filename>
+ to "0" in the machine configuration file for machines
+ that do not have a graphical display attached and
+ therefore do not need virtual terminal functionality.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-USER_CLASSES'><glossterm>USER_CLASSES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ USER_CLASSES[doc] = "List of additional classes to use when building images that enable extra features."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ A list of classes to globally inherit.
+ These classes are used by the OpenEmbedded build system
+ to enable extra features (e.g.
+ <filename>buildstats</filename>,
+ <filename>image-mklibs</filename>, and so forth).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default list is set in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ USER_CLASSES ?= "buildstats image-mklibs image-prelink"
+ </literallayout>
+ For more information, see
+ <filename>meta-yocto/conf/local.conf.sample</filename> in
+ the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-USERADD_ERROR_DYNAMIC'><glossterm>USERADD_ERROR_DYNAMIC</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ USERADD_ERROR_DYNAMIC[doc] = "Forces the OpenEmbedded build system to produce an error if the user identification (uid) and group identification (gid) values are not defined in files/passwd and files/group files."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Forces the OpenEmbedded build system to produce an error
+ if the user identification (<filename>uid</filename>) and
+ group identification (<filename>gid</filename>) values
+ are not defined in <filename>files/passwd</filename>
+ and <filename>files/group</filename> files.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default behavior for the build system is to dynamically
+ apply <filename>uid</filename> and
+ <filename>gid</filename> values.
+ Consequently, the <filename>USERADD_ERROR_DYNAMIC</filename>
+ variable is by default not set.
+ If you plan on using statically assigned
+ <filename>gid</filename> and <filename>uid</filename>
+ values, you should set
+ the <filename>USERADD_ERROR_DYNAMIC</filename> variable in
+ your <filename>local.conf</filename> file as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ USERADD_ERROR_DYNAMIC = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ Overriding the default behavior implies you are going to
+ also take steps to set static <filename>uid</filename> and
+ <filename>gid</filename> values through use of the
+ <link linkend='var-USERADDEXTENSION'><filename>USERADDEXTENSION</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-USERADD_UID_TABLES'><filename>USERADD_UID_TABLES</filename></link>,
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-USERADD_GID_TABLES'><filename>USERADD_GID_TABLES</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-USERADD_GID_TABLES'><glossterm>USERADD_GID_TABLES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ USERADD_GID_TABLES[doc] = "Specifies a password file to use for obtaining static group identification (gid) values when the OpenEmbedded build system adds a group to the system during package installation."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a password file to use for obtaining static
+ group identification (<filename>gid</filename>) values
+ when the OpenEmbedded build system adds a group to the
+ system during package installation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When applying static group identification
+ (<filename>gid</filename>) values, the OpenEmbedded build
+ system looks in
+ <link linkend='var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></link>
+ for a <filename>files/group</filename> file and then applies
+ those <filename>uid</filename> values.
+ Set the variable as follows in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ USERADD_GID_TABLES = "files/group"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Setting the
+ <link linkend='var-USERADDEXTENSION'><filename>USERADDEXTENSION</filename></link>
+ variable to "useradd-staticids" causes the build system
+ to use static <filename>gid</filename> values.
+ </note>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-USERADD_PACKAGES'><glossterm>USERADD_PACKAGES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ USERADD_PACKAGES[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the useradd class, this variable specifies the individual packages within the recipe that require users and/or groups to be added."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-useradd'><filename>useradd</filename></link>
+ class, this variable
+ specifies the individual packages within the recipe that
+ require users and/or groups to be added.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You must set this variable if the recipe inherits the
+ class.
+ For example, the following enables adding a user for the
+ main package in a recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ USERADD_PACKAGES = "${PN}"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ If follows that if you are going to use the
+ <filename>USERADD_PACKAGES</filename> variable,
+ you need to set one or more of the
+ <link linkend='var-USERADD_PARAM'><filename>USERADD_PARAM</filename></link>,
+ <link linkend='var-GROUPADD_PARAM'><filename>GROUPADD_PARAM</filename></link>,
+ or
+ <link linkend='var-GROUPMEMS_PARAM'><filename>GROUPMEMS_PARAM</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-USERADD_PARAM'><glossterm>USERADD_PARAM</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ USERADD_PARAM[doc] = "When a recipe inherits the useradd class, this variable specifies for a package what parameters should be passed to the useradd command if you wish to add a user to the system when the package is installed."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-useradd'><filename>useradd</filename></link>
+ class, this variable
+ specifies for a package what parameters should be passed
+ to the <filename>useradd</filename> command
+ if you wish to add a user to the system when the package
+ is installed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example from the <filename>dbus</filename>
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ USERADD_PARAM_${PN} = "--system --home ${localstatedir}/lib/dbus \
+ --no-create-home --shell /bin/false \
+ --user-group messagebus"
+ </literallayout>
+ For information on the standard Linux shell command
+ <filename>useradd</filename>, see
+ <ulink url='http://linux.die.net/man/8/useradd'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-USERADD_UID_TABLES'><glossterm>USERADD_UID_TABLES</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ USERADD_UID_TABLES[doc] = "Specifies a password file to use for obtaining static user identification (uid) values when the OpenEmbedded build system adds a user to the system during package installation."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies a password file to use for obtaining static
+ user identification (<filename>uid</filename>) values
+ when the OpenEmbedded build system adds a user to the
+ system during package installation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When applying static user identification
+ (<filename>uid</filename>) values, the OpenEmbedded build
+ system looks in
+ <link linkend='var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></link>
+ for a <filename>files/passwd</filename> file and then applies
+ those <filename>uid</filename> values.
+ Set the variable as follows in your
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ USERADD_UID_TABLES = "files/passwd"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Setting the
+ <link linkend='var-USERADDEXTENSION'><filename>USERADDEXTENSION</filename></link>
+ variable to "useradd-staticids" causes the build system
+ to use static <filename>uid</filename> values.
+ </note>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-USERADDEXTENSION'><glossterm>USERADDEXTENSION</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ USERADDEXTENSION[doc] = "When set to "useradd-staticids", causes the OpenEmbedded build system to base all user and group additions on a static passwd and group files found in BBPATH."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ When set to "useradd-staticids", causes the
+ OpenEmbedded build system to base all user and group
+ additions on a static
+ <filename>passwd</filename> and
+ <filename>group</filename> files found in
+ <link linkend='var-BBPATH'><filename>BBPATH</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To use static user identification (<filename>uid</filename>)
+ and group identification (<filename>gid</filename>)
+ values, set the variable
+ as follows in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ USERADDEXTENSION = "useradd-staticids"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ Setting this variable to use static
+ <filename>uid</filename> and <filename>gid</filename>
+ values causes the OpenEmbedded build system to employ
+ the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-useradd-staticids'><filename>useradd-staticids</filename></link>
+ class.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you use static <filename>uid</filename> and
+ <filename>gid</filename> information, you must also
+ specify the <filename>files/passwd</filename> and
+ <filename>files/group</filename> files by setting the
+ <link linkend='var-USERADD_UID_TABLES'><filename>USERADD_UID_TABLES</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='var-USERADD_GID_TABLES'><filename>USERADD_GID_TABLES</filename></link>
+ variables.
+ Additionally, you should also set the
+ <link linkend='var-USERADD_ERROR_DYNAMIC'><filename>USERADD_ERROR_DYNAMIC</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+<!-- <glossdiv id='var-glossary-v'><title>V</title>-->
+<!-- </glossdiv>-->
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-w'><title>W</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-WARN_QA'><glossterm>WARN_QA</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ WARN_QA[doc] = "Specifies the quality assurance checks whose failures are reported as warnings by the OpenEmbedded build system."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the quality assurance checks whose failures are
+ reported as warnings by the OpenEmbedded build system.
+ You set this variable in your distribution configuration
+ file.
+ For a list of the checks you can control with this variable,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='ref-classes-insane'><filename>insane.bbclass</filename></link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-WORKDIR'><glossterm>WORKDIR</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ WORKDIR[doc] = "The pathname of the working directory in which the OpenEmbedded build system builds a recipe. This directory is located within the TMPDIR directory structure and changes as different packages are built."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ The pathname of the work directory in which the OpenEmbedded
+ build system builds a recipe.
+ This directory is located within the
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ directory structure and is specific to the recipe being
+ built and the system for which it is being built.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>WORKDIR</filename> directory is defined as
+ follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ ${TMPDIR}/work/${MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS}/${PN}/${EXTENDPE}${PV}-${PR}
+ </literallayout>
+ The actual directory depends on several things:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>:
+ The top-level build output directory</listitem>
+ <listitem><link linkend='var-MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS'><filename>MULTIMACH_TARGET_SYS</filename></link>:
+ The target system identifier</listitem>
+ <listitem><link linkend='var-PN'><filename>PN</filename></link>:
+ The recipe name</listitem>
+ <listitem><link linkend='var-EXTENDPE'><filename>EXTENDPE</filename></link>:
+ The epoch - (if
+ <link linkend='var-PE'><filename>PE</filename></link>
+ is not specified, which is usually the case for most
+ recipes, then <filename>EXTENDPE</filename> is blank)</listitem>
+ <listitem><link linkend='var-PV'><filename>PV</filename></link>:
+ The recipe version</listitem>
+ <listitem><link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link>:
+ The recipe revision</listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As an example, assume a Source Directory top-level folder
+ name <filename>poky</filename>, a default Build Directory at
+ <filename>poky/build</filename>, and a
+ <filename>qemux86-poky-linux</filename> machine target
+ system.
+ Furthermore, suppose your recipe is named
+ <filename>foo_1.3.0-r0.bb</filename>.
+ In this case, the work directory the build system uses to
+ build the package would be as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ poky/build/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/foo/1.3.0-r0
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+ <glossdiv id='var-glossary-x'><title>X</title>
+
+ <glossentry id='var-XSERVER'><glossterm>XSERVER</glossterm>
+ <info>
+ XSERVER[doc] = "Specifies the packages that should be installed
+ to provide an X server and drivers for the current machine."
+ </info>
+ <glossdef>
+ <para role="glossdeffirst">
+<!-- <para role="glossdeffirst"><imagedata fileref="figures/define-generic.png" /> -->
+ Specifies the packages that should be installed to
+ provide an X server and drivers for the current machine,
+ assuming your image directly includes
+ <filename>packagegroup-core-x11-xserver</filename> or,
+ perhaps indirectly, includes "x11-base" in
+ <link linkend='var-IMAGE_FEATURES'><filename>IMAGE_FEATURES</filename></link>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The default value of <filename>XSERVER</filename>, if not
+ specified in the machine configuration, is
+ "xserver-xorg xf86-video-fbdev xf86-input-evdev".
+ </para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ </glossdiv>
+
+<!-- <glossdiv id='var-glossary-y'><title>Y</title>-->
+<!-- </glossdiv>-->
+
+<!-- <glossdiv id='var-glossary-z'><title>Z</title>-->
+<!-- </glossdiv>-->
+
+</glossary>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/ref-varlocality.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-varlocality.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3f8732
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/ref-varlocality.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='ref-varlocality'>
+ <title>Variable Context</title>
+
+ <para>
+ While you can use most variables in almost any context such as
+ <filename>.conf</filename>, <filename>.bbclass</filename>,
+ <filename>.inc</filename>, and <filename>.bb</filename> files,
+ some variables are often associated with a particular locality or context.
+ This chapter describes some common associations.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='ref-varlocality-configuration'>
+ <title>Configuration</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following subsections provide lists of variables whose context is
+ configuration: distribution, machine, and local.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='ref-varlocality-config-distro'>
+ <title>Distribution (Distro)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section lists variables whose configuration context is the
+ distribution, or distro.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-DISTRO'>DISTRO</link></filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-DISTRO_NAME'>DISTRO_NAME</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-DISTRO_VERSION'>DISTRO_VERSION</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-MAINTAINER'>MAINTAINER</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'>PACKAGE_CLASSES</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-TARGET_OS'>TARGET_OS</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-TARGET_FPU'>TARGET_FPU</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-TCMODE'>TCMODE</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-TCLIBC'>TCLIBC</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-varlocality-config-machine'>
+ <title>Machine</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section lists variables whose configuration context is the
+ machine.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-TARGET_ARCH'>TARGET_ARCH</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-SERIAL_CONSOLES'>SERIAL_CONSOLES</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-PACKAGE_EXTRA_ARCHS'>PACKAGE_EXTRA_ARCHS</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-IMAGE_FSTYPES'>IMAGE_FSTYPES</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_FEATURES'>MACHINE_FEATURES</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'>MACHINE_EXTRA_RDEPENDS
+ </link></filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'>MACHINE_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS
+ </link></filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS'>MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RDEPENDS
+ </link></filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS'>
+ MACHINE_ESSENTIAL_EXTRA_RRECOMMENDS</link></filename></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-varlocality-config-local'>
+ <title>Local</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section lists variables whose configuration context is the
+ local configuration through the <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ file.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-DISTRO'>DISTRO</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-MACHINE'>MACHINE</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-DL_DIR'>DL_DIR</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-BBFILES'>BBFILES</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES'>EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES
+ </link></filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'>PACKAGE_CLASSES</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-BB_NUMBER_THREADS'>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-BBINCLUDELOGS'>BBINCLUDELOGS</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-ENABLE_BINARY_LOCALE_GENERATION'>
+ ENABLE_BINARY_LOCALE_GENERATION</link></filename></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-varlocality-recipes'>
+ <title>Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following subsections provide lists of variables whose context is
+ recipes: required, dependencies, path, and extra build information.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='ref-varlocality-recipe-required'>
+ <title>Required</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section lists variables that are required for recipes.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-LICENSE'>LICENSE</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM'>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-SRC_URI'>SRC_URI</link></filename> - used
+ in recipes that fetch local or remote files.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-varlocality-recipe-dependencies'>
+ <title>Dependencies</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section lists variables that define recipe dependencies.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-DEPENDS'>DEPENDS</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-RDEPENDS'>RDEPENDS</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-RRECOMMENDS'>RRECOMMENDS</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-RCONFLICTS'>RCONFLICTS</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-RREPLACES'>RREPLACES</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-varlocality-recipe-paths'>
+ <title>Paths</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section lists variables that define recipe paths.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-WORKDIR'>WORKDIR</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-S'>S</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-FILES'>FILES</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='ref-varlocality-recipe-build'>
+ <title>Extra Build Information</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section lists variables that define extra build information for recipes.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-EXTRA_OECMAKE'>EXTRA_OECMAKE</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-EXTRA_OECONF'>EXTRA_OECONF</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-EXTRA_OEMAKE'>EXTRA_OEMAKE</link>
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-PACKAGES'>PACKAGES</link></filename>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename><link linkend='var-DEFAULT_PREFERENCE'>DEFAULT_PREFERENCE
+ </link></filename></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4 spell spelllang=en_gb
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/resources.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/resources.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8299f9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/resources.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='resources'>
+<title>Contributing to the Yocto Project</title>
+
+<section id='resources-intro'>
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project team is happy for people to experiment with the Yocto Project.
+ A number of places exist to find help if you run into difficulties or find bugs.
+ To find out how to download source code,
+ see the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#local-yp-release'>Yocto Project Release</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='resources-bugtracker'>
+ <title>Tracking Bugs</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you find problems with the Yocto Project, you should report them using the
+ Bugzilla application at <ulink url='&YOCTO_BUGZILLA_URL;'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='resources-mailinglist'>
+ <title>Mailing lists</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A number of mailing lists maintained by the Yocto Project exist
+ as well as related OpenEmbedded mailing lists for discussion,
+ patch submission and announcements.
+ To subscribe to one of the following mailing lists, click on the
+ appropriate URL in the following list and follow the instructions:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/yocto'></ulink> -
+ General Yocto Project discussion mailing list. </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&OE_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/openembedded-core'></ulink> -
+ Discussion mailing list about OpenEmbedded-Core (the core metadata).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&OE_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/openembedded-devel'></ulink> -
+ Discussion mailing list about OpenEmbedded.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&OE_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/bitbake-devel'></ulink> -
+ Discussion mailing list about the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
+ build tool.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/poky'></ulink> -
+ Discussion mailing list about
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#poky'>Poky</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><ulink url='&YOCTO_LISTS_URL;/listinfo/yocto-announce'></ulink> -
+ Mailing list to receive official Yocto Project release and milestone
+ announcements.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ For more Yocto Project-related mailing lists, see the Yocto Project community mailing lists page
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/community/mailing-lists'>here</ulink>.
+</section>
+
+<section id='resources-irc'>
+ <title>Internet Relay Chat (IRC)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Two IRC channels on freenode are available for the Yocto Project and Poky discussions:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>#yocto</filename></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>#poky</filename></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='resources-links'>
+ <title>Links</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is a list of resources you will find helpful:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>The Yocto Project website</ulink>:
+ </emphasis> The home site for the Yocto
+ Project.</para></listitem>
+<!--
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='http://www.intel.com/'>Intel Corporation</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ The company that acquired OpenedHand in 2008 and began
+ development on the Yocto Project.</para></listitem>
+-->
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='&OE_HOME_URL;'>OpenEmbedded</ulink>:</emphasis>
+ The upstream, generic, embedded distribution used as the basis
+ for the build system in the Yocto Project.
+ Poky derives from and contributes back to the OpenEmbedded
+ project.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>
+ <ulink url='http://www.openembedded.org/wiki/BitBake'>
+ BitBake</ulink>:</emphasis> The tool used to process metadata.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ For more links, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#other-information'>Other Information</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='resources-contributions'>
+ <title>Contributions</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project gladly accepts contributions.
+ You can submit changes to the project either by creating and sending
+ pull requests,
+ or by submitting patches through email.
+ For information on how to do both as well as information on how
+ to identify the maintainer for each area of code, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#how-to-submit-a-change'>How to Submit a Change</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/technical-details.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/technical-details.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2df3652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/technical-details.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1421 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='technical-details'>
+<title>Technical Details</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This chapter provides technical details for various parts of the
+ Yocto Project.
+ Currently, topics include Yocto Project components,
+ cross-toolchain generation, shared state (sstate) cache,
+ x32, Wayland support, and Licenses.
+ </para>
+
+<section id='usingpoky-components'>
+ <title>Yocto Project Components</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
+ task executor together with various types of configuration files form
+ the OpenEmbedded Core.
+ This section overviews these components by describing their use and
+ how they interact.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake handles the parsing and execution of the data files.
+ The data itself is of various types:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Recipes:</emphasis> Provides details
+ about particular pieces of software.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Class Data:</emphasis> Abstracts
+ common build information (e.g. how to build a Linux kernel).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Configuration Data:</emphasis> Defines
+ machine-specific settings, policy decisions, and so forth.
+ Configuration data acts as the glue to bind everything
+ together.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake knows how to combine multiple data sources together and refers
+ to each data source as a layer.
+ For information on layers, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#understanding-and-creating-layers'>Understanding and
+ Creating Layers</ulink>" section of the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following are some brief details on these core components.
+ For additional information on how these components interact during
+ a build, see the
+ "<link linkend='closer-look'>A Closer Look at the Yocto Project Development Environment</link>"
+ Chapter.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-components-bitbake'>
+ <title>BitBake</title>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake is the tool at the heart of the OpenEmbedded build system
+ and is responsible for parsing the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>,
+ generating a list of tasks from it, and then executing those tasks.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This section briefly introduces BitBake.
+ If you want more information on BitBake, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To see a list of the options BitBake supports, use either of
+ the following commands:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -h
+ $ bitbake --help
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The most common usage for BitBake is <filename>bitbake <replaceable>packagename</replaceable></filename>, where
+ <filename>packagename</filename> is the name of the package you want to build
+ (referred to as the "target" in this manual).
+ The target often equates to the first part of a recipe's filename
+ (e.g. "foo" for a recipe named
+ <filename>foo_1.3.0-r0.bb</filename>).
+ So, to process the <filename>matchbox-desktop_1.2.3.bb</filename> recipe file, you
+ might type the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake matchbox-desktop
+ </literallayout>
+ Several different versions of <filename>matchbox-desktop</filename> might exist.
+ BitBake chooses the one selected by the distribution configuration.
+ You can get more details about how BitBake chooses between different
+ target versions and providers in the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bb-bitbake-preferences'>Preferences</ulink>"
+ section of the BitBake User Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ BitBake also tries to execute any dependent tasks first.
+ So for example, before building <filename>matchbox-desktop</filename>, BitBake
+ would build a cross compiler and <filename>glibc</filename> if they had not already
+ been built.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A useful BitBake option to consider is the <filename>-k</filename> or
+ <filename>--continue</filename> option.
+ This option instructs BitBake to try and continue processing the job
+ as long as possible even after encountering an error.
+ When an error occurs, the target that
+ failed and those that depend on it cannot be remade.
+ However, when you use this option other dependencies can still be
+ processed.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-components-metadata'>
+ <title>Metadata (Recipes)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Files that have the <filename>.bb</filename> suffix are "recipes"
+ files.
+ In general, a recipe contains information about a single piece of
+ software.
+ This information includes the location from which to download the
+ unaltered source, any source patches to be applied to that source
+ (if needed), which special configuration options to apply,
+ how to compile the source files, and how to package the compiled
+ output.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The term "package" is sometimes used to refer to recipes. However,
+ since the word "package" is used for the packaged output from the OpenEmbedded
+ build system (i.e. <filename>.ipk</filename> or <filename>.deb</filename> files),
+ this document avoids using the term "package" when referring to recipes.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-components-classes'>
+ <title>Classes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Class files (<filename>.bbclass</filename>) contain information that
+ is useful to share between
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink> files.
+ An example is the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-autotools'><filename>autotools</filename></link>
+ class, which contains common settings for any application that
+ Autotools uses.
+ The "<link linkend='ref-classes'>Classes</link>" chapter provides
+ details about classes and how to use them.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-components-configuration'>
+ <title>Configuration</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The configuration files (<filename>.conf</filename>) define various configuration variables
+ that govern the OpenEmbedded build process.
+ These files fall into several areas that define machine configuration options,
+ distribution configuration options, compiler tuning options, general common configuration
+ options, and user configuration options in <filename>local.conf</filename>, which is found
+ in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="cross-development-toolchain-generation">
+ <title>Cross-Development Toolchain Generation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project does most of the work for you when it comes to
+ creating
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#cross-development-toolchain'>cross-development toolchains</ulink>.
+ This section provides some technical background on how
+ cross-development toolchains are created and used.
+ For more information on toolchains, you can also see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;'>Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the Yocto Project development environment, cross-development
+ toolchains are used to build the image and applications that run on the
+ target hardware.
+ With just a few commands, the OpenEmbedded build system creates
+ these necessary toolchains for you.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following figure shows a high-level build environment regarding
+ toolchain construction and use.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/cross-development-toolchains.png" width="8in" depth="6in" align="center" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Most of the work occurs on the Build Host.
+ This is the machine used to build images and generally work within the
+ the Yocto Project environment.
+ When you run BitBake to create an image, the OpenEmbedded build system
+ uses the host <filename>gcc</filename> compiler to bootstrap a
+ cross-compiler named <filename>gcc-cross</filename>.
+ The <filename>gcc-cross</filename> compiler is what BitBake uses to
+ compile source files when creating the target image.
+ You can think of <filename>gcc-cross</filename> simply as an
+ automatically generated cross-compiler that is used internally within
+ BitBake only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The chain of events that occurs when <filename>gcc-cross</filename> is
+ bootstrapped is as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ gcc -> binutils-cross -> gcc-cross-initial -> linux-libc-headers -> glibc-initial -> glibc -> gcc-cross -> gcc-runtime
+ </literallayout>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gcc</filename>:
+ The build host's GNU Compiler Collection (GCC).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>binutils-cross</filename>:
+ The bare minimum binary utilities needed in order to run
+ the <filename>gcc-cross-initial</filename> phase of the
+ bootstrap operation.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gcc-cross-initial</filename>:
+ An early stage of the bootstrap process for creating
+ the cross-compiler.
+ This stage builds enough of the <filename>gcc-cross</filename>,
+ the C library, and other pieces needed to finish building the
+ final cross-compiler in later stages.
+ This tool is a "native" package (i.e. it is designed to run on
+ the build host).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>linux-libc-headers</filename>:
+ Headers needed for the cross-compiler.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>glibc-initial</filename>:
+ An initial version of the Embedded GLIBC needed to bootstrap
+ <filename>glibc</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gcc-cross</filename>:
+ The final stage of the bootstrap process for the
+ cross-compiler.
+ This stage results in the actual cross-compiler that
+ BitBake uses when it builds an image for a targeted
+ device.
+ <note>
+ If you are replacing this cross compiler toolchain
+ with a custom version, you must replace
+ <filename>gcc-cross</filename>.
+ </note>
+ This tool is also a "native" package (i.e. it is
+ designed to run on the build host).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gcc-runtime</filename>:
+ Runtime libraries resulting from the toolchain bootstrapping
+ process.
+ This tool produces a binary that consists of the
+ runtime libraries need for the targeted device.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use the OpenEmbedded build system to build an installer for
+ the relocatable SDK used to develop applications.
+ When you run the installer, it installs the toolchain, which contains
+ the development tools (e.g., the
+ <filename>gcc-cross-canadian</filename>),
+ <filename>binutils-cross-canadian</filename>, and other
+ <filename>nativesdk-*</filename> tools you need to cross-compile and
+ test your software.
+ The figure shows the commands you use to easily build out this
+ toolchain.
+ This cross-development toolchain is built to execute on the
+ <link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>,
+ which might or might not be the same
+ machine as the Build Host.
+ <note>
+ If your target architecture is supported by the Yocto Project,
+ you can take advantage of pre-built images that ship with the
+ Yocto Project and already contain cross-development toolchain
+ installers.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is the bootstrap process for the relocatable toolchain:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ gcc -> binutils-crosssdk -> gcc-crosssdk-initial -> linux-libc-headers ->
+ glibc-initial -> nativesdk-glibc -> gcc-crosssdk -> gcc-cross-canadian
+ </literallayout>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gcc</filename>:
+ The build host's GNU Compiler Collection (GCC).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>binutils-crosssdk</filename>:
+ The bare minimum binary utilities needed in order to run
+ the <filename>gcc-crosssdk-initial</filename> phase of the
+ bootstrap operation.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gcc-crosssdk-initial</filename>:
+ An early stage of the bootstrap process for creating
+ the cross-compiler.
+ This stage builds enough of the
+ <filename>gcc-crosssdk</filename> and supporting pieces so that
+ the final stage of the bootstrap process can produce the
+ finished cross-compiler.
+ This tool is a "native" binary that runs on the build host.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>linux-libc-headers</filename>:
+ Headers needed for the cross-compiler.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>glibc-initial</filename>:
+ An initial version of the Embedded GLIBC needed to bootstrap
+ <filename>nativesdk-glibc</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>nativesdk-glibc</filename>:
+ The Embedded GLIBC needed to bootstrap the
+ <filename>gcc-crosssdk</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gcc-crosssdk</filename>:
+ The final stage of the bootstrap process for the
+ relocatable cross-compiler.
+ The <filename>gcc-crosssdk</filename> is a transitory compiler
+ and never leaves the build host.
+ Its purpose is to help in the bootstrap process to create the
+ eventual relocatable <filename>gcc-cross-canadian</filename>
+ compiler, which is relocatable.
+ This tool is also a "native" package (i.e. it is
+ designed to run on the build host).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>gcc-cross-canadian</filename>:
+ The final relocatable cross-compiler.
+ When run on the
+ <link linkend='var-SDKMACHINE'><filename>SDKMACHINE</filename></link>,
+ this tool
+ produces executable code that runs on the target device.
+ Only one cross-canadian compiler is produced per architecture
+ since they can be targeted at different processor optimizations
+ using configurations passed to the compiler through the
+ compile commands.
+ This circumvents the need for multiple compilers and thus
+ reduces the size of the toolchains.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ For information on advantages gained when building a
+ cross-development toolchain installer, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#optionally-building-a-toolchain-installer'>Optionally Building a Toolchain Installer</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ </note>
+</section>
+
+<section id="shared-state-cache">
+ <title>Shared State Cache</title>
+
+ <para>
+ By design, the OpenEmbedded build system builds everything from scratch unless
+ BitBake can determine that parts do not need to be rebuilt.
+ Fundamentally, building from scratch is attractive as it means all parts are
+ built fresh and there is no possibility of stale data causing problems.
+ When developers hit problems, they typically default back to building from scratch
+ so they know the state of things from the start.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Building an image from scratch is both an advantage and a disadvantage to the process.
+ As mentioned in the previous paragraph, building from scratch ensures that
+ everything is current and starts from a known state.
+ However, building from scratch also takes much longer as it generally means
+ rebuilding things that do not necessarily need to be rebuilt.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project implements shared state code that supports incremental builds.
+ The implementation of the shared state code answers the following questions that
+ were fundamental roadblocks within the OpenEmbedded incremental build support system:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>What pieces of the system have changed and what pieces have
+ not changed?</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>How are changed pieces of software removed and replaced?</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>How are pre-built components that do not need to be rebuilt from scratch
+ used when they are available?</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For the first question, the build system detects changes in the "inputs" to a given task by
+ creating a checksum (or signature) of the task's inputs.
+ If the checksum changes, the system assumes the inputs have changed and the task needs to be
+ rerun.
+ For the second question, the shared state (sstate) code tracks which tasks add which output
+ to the build process.
+ This means the output from a given task can be removed, upgraded or otherwise manipulated.
+ The third question is partly addressed by the solution for the second question
+ assuming the build system can fetch the sstate objects from remote locations and
+ install them if they are deemed to be valid.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system does not maintain
+ <link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link> information
+ as part of the shared state packages.
+ Consequently, considerations exist that affect maintaining shared
+ state feeds.
+ For information on how the OpenEmbedded build system
+ works with packages and can
+ track incrementing <filename>PR</filename> information, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#incrementing-a-package-revision-number'>Incrementing a Package Revision Number</ulink>"
+ section.
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ The rest of this section goes into detail about the overall incremental build
+ architecture, the checksums (signatures), shared state, and some tips and tricks.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='overall-architecture'>
+ <title>Overall Architecture</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When determining what parts of the system need to be built, BitBake
+ works on a per-task basis rather than a per-recipe basis.
+ You might wonder why using a per-task basis is preferred over a per-recipe basis.
+ To help explain, consider having the IPK packaging backend enabled and then switching to DEB.
+ In this case, the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ and
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package'><filename>do_package</filename></link>
+ task outputs are still valid.
+ However, with a per-recipe approach, the build would not include the
+ <filename>.deb</filename> files.
+ Consequently, you would have to invalidate the whole build and rerun it.
+ Rerunning everything is not the best solution.
+ Also, in this case, the core must be "taught" much about specific tasks.
+ This methodology does not scale well and does not allow users to easily add new tasks
+ in layers or as external recipes without touching the packaged-staging core.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='checksums'>
+ <title>Checksums (Signatures)</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The shared state code uses a checksum, which is a unique signature of a task's
+ inputs, to determine if a task needs to be run again.
+ Because it is a change in a task's inputs that triggers a rerun, the process
+ needs to detect all the inputs to a given task.
+ For shell tasks, this turns out to be fairly easy because
+ the build process generates a "run" shell script for each task and
+ it is possible to create a checksum that gives you a good idea of when
+ the task's data changes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To complicate the problem, there are things that should not be included in
+ the checksum.
+ First, there is the actual specific build path of a given task -
+ the <link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link>.
+ It does not matter if the work directory changes because it should not
+ affect the output for target packages.
+ Also, the build process has the objective of making native or cross packages relocatable.
+ The checksum therefore needs to exclude <filename>WORKDIR</filename>.
+ The simplistic approach for excluding the work directory is to set
+ <filename>WORKDIR</filename> to some fixed value and create the checksum
+ for the "run" script.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Another problem results from the "run" scripts containing functions that
+ might or might not get called.
+ The incremental build solution contains code that figures out dependencies
+ between shell functions.
+ This code is used to prune the "run" scripts down to the minimum set,
+ thereby alleviating this problem and making the "run" scripts much more
+ readable as a bonus.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ So far we have solutions for shell scripts.
+ What about Python tasks?
+ The same approach applies even though these tasks are more difficult.
+ The process needs to figure out what variables a Python function accesses
+ and what functions it calls.
+ Again, the incremental build solution contains code that first figures out
+ the variable and function dependencies, and then creates a checksum for the data
+ used as the input to the task.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Like the <filename>WORKDIR</filename> case, situations exist where dependencies
+ should be ignored.
+ For these cases, you can instruct the build process to ignore a dependency
+ by using a line like the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_ARCHS[vardepsexclude] = "MACHINE"
+ </literallayout>
+ This example ensures that the
+ <link linkend='var-PACKAGE_ARCHS'><filename>PACKAGE_ARCHS</filename></link>
+ variable does not
+ depend on the value of
+ <link linkend='var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></link>,
+ even if it does reference it.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Equally, there are cases where we need to add dependencies BitBake is not able to find.
+ You can accomplish this by using a line like the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PACKAGE_ARCHS[vardeps] = "MACHINE"
+ </literallayout>
+ This example explicitly adds the <filename>MACHINE</filename> variable as a
+ dependency for <filename>PACKAGE_ARCHS</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Consider a case with in-line Python, for example, where BitBake is not
+ able to figure out dependencies.
+ When running in debug mode (i.e. using <filename>-DDD</filename>), BitBake
+ produces output when it discovers something for which it cannot figure out
+ dependencies.
+ The Yocto Project team has currently not managed to cover those dependencies
+ in detail and is aware of the need to fix this situation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Thus far, this section has limited discussion to the direct inputs into a task.
+ Information based on direct inputs is referred to as the "basehash" in the
+ code.
+ However, there is still the question of a task's indirect inputs - the
+ things that were already built and present in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ The checksum (or signature) for a particular task needs to add the hashes
+ of all the tasks on which the particular task depends.
+ Choosing which dependencies to add is a policy decision.
+ However, the effect is to generate a master checksum that combines the basehash
+ and the hashes of the task's dependencies.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ At the code level, there are a variety of ways both the basehash and the
+ dependent task hashes can be influenced.
+ Within the BitBake configuration file, we can give BitBake some extra information
+ to help it construct the basehash.
+ The following statement effectively results in a list of global variable
+ dependency excludes - variables never included in any checksum:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_HASHBASE_WHITELIST ?= "TMPDIR FILE PATH PWD BB_TASKHASH BBPATH DL_DIR \
+ SSTATE_DIR THISDIR FILESEXTRAPATHS FILE_DIRNAME HOME LOGNAME SHELL TERM \
+ USER FILESPATH STAGING_DIR_HOST STAGING_DIR_TARGET COREBASE PRSERV_HOST \
+ PRSERV_DUMPDIR PRSERV_DUMPFILE PRSERV_LOCKDOWN PARALLEL_MAKE \
+ CCACHE_DIR EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAIN CCACHE CCACHE_DISABLE LICENSE_PATH SDKPKGSUFFIX"
+ </literallayout>
+ The previous example excludes
+ <link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link>
+ since that variable is actually constructed as a path within
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>, which is on
+ the whitelist.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The rules for deciding which hashes of dependent tasks to include through
+ dependency chains are more complex and are generally accomplished with a
+ Python function.
+ The code in <filename>meta/lib/oe/sstatesig.py</filename> shows two examples
+ of this and also illustrates how you can insert your own policy into the system
+ if so desired.
+ This file defines the two basic signature generators <filename>OE-Core</filename>
+ uses: "OEBasic" and "OEBasicHash".
+ By default, there is a dummy "noop" signature handler enabled in BitBake.
+ This means that behavior is unchanged from previous versions.
+ <filename>OE-Core</filename> uses the "OEBasicHash" signature handler by default
+ through this setting in the <filename>bitbake.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ BB_SIGNATURE_HANDLER ?= "OEBasicHash"
+ </literallayout>
+ The "OEBasicHash" <filename>BB_SIGNATURE_HANDLER</filename> is the same as the
+ "OEBasic" version but adds the task hash to the stamp files.
+ This results in any
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#metadata'>Metadata</ulink>
+ change that changes the task hash, automatically
+ causing the task to be run again.
+ This removes the need to bump <link linkend='var-PR'><filename>PR</filename></link>
+ values, and changes to Metadata automatically ripple across the build.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is also worth noting that the end result of these signature generators is to
+ make some dependency and hash information available to the build.
+ This information includes:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>BB_BASEHASH_task-</filename><replaceable>taskname</replaceable>:
+ The base hashes for each task in the recipe.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>BB_BASEHASH_</filename><replaceable>filename</replaceable><filename>:</filename><replaceable>taskname</replaceable>:
+ The base hashes for each dependent task.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>BBHASHDEPS_</filename><replaceable>filename</replaceable><filename>:</filename><replaceable>taskname</replaceable>:
+ The task dependencies for each task.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>BB_TASKHASH</filename>:
+ The hash of the currently running task.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='shared-state'>
+ <title>Shared State</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Checksums and dependencies, as discussed in the previous section, solve half the
+ problem of supporting a shared state.
+ The other part of the problem is being able to use checksum information during the build
+ and being able to reuse or rebuild specific components.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-sstate'><filename>sstate</filename></link>
+ class is a relatively generic implementation of how to "capture"
+ a snapshot of a given task.
+ The idea is that the build process does not care about the source of a task's output.
+ Output could be freshly built or it could be downloaded and unpacked from
+ somewhere - the build process does not need to worry about its origin.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ There are two types of output, one is just about creating a directory
+ in <link linkend='var-WORKDIR'><filename>WORKDIR</filename></link>.
+ A good example is the output of either
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package'><filename>do_package</filename></link>.
+ The other type of output occurs when a set of data is merged into a shared directory
+ tree such as the sysroot.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project team has tried to keep the details of the
+ implementation hidden in <filename>sstate</filename> class.
+ From a user's perspective, adding shared state wrapping to a task
+ is as simple as this
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-deploy'><filename>do_deploy</filename></link>
+ example taken from the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-deploy'><filename>deploy</filename></link>
+ class:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DEPLOYDIR = "${WORKDIR}/deploy-${PN}"
+ SSTATETASKS += "do_deploy"
+ do_deploy[sstate-name] = "deploy"
+ do_deploy[sstate-inputdirs] = "${DEPLOYDIR}"
+ do_deploy[sstate-outputdirs] = "${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}"
+
+ python do_deploy_setscene () {
+ sstate_setscene(d)
+ }
+ addtask do_deploy_setscene
+ do_deploy[dirs] = "${DEPLOYDIR} ${B}"
+ </literallayout>
+ In this example, we add some extra flags to the task, a name field ("deploy"), an
+ input directory where the task sends data, and the output
+ directory where the data from the task should eventually be copied.
+ We also add a <filename>_setscene</filename> variant of the task and add the task
+ name to the <filename>SSTATETASKS</filename> list.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you have a directory whose contents you need to preserve, you can do this with
+ a line like the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ do_package[sstate-plaindirs] = "${PKGD} ${PKGDEST}"
+ </literallayout>
+ This method, as well as the following example, also works for multiple directories.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ do_package[sstate-inputdirs] = "${PKGDESTWORK} ${SHLIBSWORKDIR}"
+ do_package[sstate-outputdirs] = "${PKGDATA_DIR} ${SHLIBSDIR}"
+ do_package[sstate-lockfile] = "${PACKAGELOCK}"
+ </literallayout>
+ These methods also include the ability to take a lockfile when manipulating
+ shared state directory structures since some cases are sensitive to file
+ additions or removals.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Behind the scenes, the shared state code works by looking in
+ <link linkend='var-SSTATE_DIR'><filename>SSTATE_DIR</filename></link> and
+ <link linkend='var-SSTATE_MIRRORS'><filename>SSTATE_MIRRORS</filename></link>
+ for shared state files.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ SSTATE_MIRRORS ?= "\
+ file://.* http://someserver.tld/share/sstate/PATH \n \
+ file://.* file:///some/local/dir/sstate/PATH"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ The shared state directory (<filename>SSTATE_DIR</filename>) is
+ organized into two-character subdirectories, where the subdirectory
+ names are based on the first two characters of the hash.
+ If the shared state directory structure for a mirror has the
+ same structure as <filename>SSTATE_DIR</filename>, you must
+ specify "PATH" as part of the URI to enable the build system
+ to map to the appropriate subdirectory.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The shared state package validity can be detected just by looking at the
+ filename since the filename contains the task checksum (or signature) as
+ described earlier in this section.
+ If a valid shared state package is found, the build process downloads it
+ and uses it to accelerate the task.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The build processes use the <filename>*_setscene</filename> tasks
+ for the task acceleration phase.
+ BitBake goes through this phase before the main execution code and tries
+ to accelerate any tasks for which it can find shared state packages.
+ If a shared state package for a task is available, the shared state
+ package is used.
+ This means the task and any tasks on which it is dependent are not
+ executed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As a real world example, the aim is when building an IPK-based image,
+ only the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package_write_ipk'><filename>do_package_write_ipk</filename></link>
+ tasks would have their
+ shared state packages fetched and extracted.
+ Since the sysroot is not used, it would never get extracted.
+ This is another reason why a task-based approach is preferred over a
+ recipe-based approach, which would have to install the output from every task.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='tips-and-tricks'>
+ <title>Tips and Tricks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The code in the build system that supports incremental builds is not
+ simple code.
+ This section presents some tips and tricks that help you work around
+ issues related to shared state code.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='debugging'>
+ <title>Debugging</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When things go wrong, debugging needs to be straightforward.
+ Because of this, the Yocto Project includes strong debugging
+ tools:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Whenever a shared state package is written out, so is a
+ corresponding <filename>.siginfo</filename> file.
+ This practice results in a pickled Python database of all
+ the metadata that went into creating the hash for a given shared state
+ package.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>If you run BitBake with the <filename>--dump-signatures</filename>
+ (or <filename>-S</filename>) option, BitBake dumps out
+ <filename>.siginfo</filename> files in
+ the stamp directory for every task it would have executed instead of
+ building the specified target package.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>There is a <filename>bitbake-diffsigs</filename> command that
+ can process <filename>.siginfo</filename> files.
+ If you specify one of these files, BitBake dumps out the dependency
+ information in the file.
+ If you specify two files, BitBake compares the two files and dumps out
+ the differences between the two.
+ This more easily helps answer the question of "What
+ changed between X and Y?"</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='invalidating-shared-state'>
+ <title>Invalidating Shared State</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system uses checksums and shared state
+ cache to avoid unnecessarily rebuilding tasks.
+ Collectively, this scheme is known as "shared state code."
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As with all schemes, this one has some drawbacks.
+ It is possible that you could make implicit changes to your
+ code that the checksum calculations do not take into
+ account.
+ These implicit changes affect a task's output but do not trigger
+ the shared state code into rebuilding a recipe.
+ Consider an example during which a tool changes its output.
+ Assume that the output of <filename>rpmdeps</filename> changes.
+ The result of the change should be that all the
+ <filename>package</filename> and
+ <filename>package_write_rpm</filename> shared state cache
+ items become invalid.
+ However, because the change to the output is
+ external to the code and therefore implicit,
+ the associated shared state cache items do not become
+ invalidated.
+ In this case, the build process uses the cached items rather
+ than running the task again.
+ Obviously, these types of implicit changes can cause problems.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To avoid these problems during the build, you need to
+ understand the effects of any changes you make.
+ Realize that changes you make directly to a function
+ are automatically factored into the checksum calculation.
+ Thus, these explicit changes invalidate the associated area of
+ shared state cache.
+ However, you need to be aware of any implicit changes that
+ are not obvious changes to the code and could affect the output
+ of a given task.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you identify an implicit change, you can easily take steps
+ to invalidate the cache and force the tasks to run.
+ The steps you can take are as simple as changing a function's
+ comments in the source code.
+ For example, to invalidate package shared state files, change
+ the comment statements of
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-package'><filename>do_package</filename></link>
+ or the comments of one of the functions it calls.
+ Even though the change is purely cosmetic, it causes the
+ checksum to be recalculated and forces the OpenEmbedded build
+ system to run the task again.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ For an example of a commit that makes a cosmetic change to
+ invalidate shared state, see this
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit.cgi/poky/commit/meta/classes/package.bbclass?id=737f8bbb4f27b4837047cb9b4fbfe01dfde36d54'>commit</ulink>.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='x32'>
+ <title>x32</title>
+
+ <para>
+ x32 is a processor-specific Application Binary Interface (psABI) for x86_64.
+ An ABI defines the calling conventions between functions in a processing environment.
+ The interface determines what registers are used and what the sizes are for various C data types.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some processing environments prefer using 32-bit applications even when running
+ on Intel 64-bit platforms.
+ Consider the i386 psABI, which is a very old 32-bit ABI for Intel 64-bit platforms.
+ The i386 psABI does not provide efficient use and access of the Intel 64-bit processor resources,
+ leaving the system underutilized.
+ Now consider the x86_64 psABI.
+ This ABI is newer and uses 64-bits for data sizes and program pointers.
+ The extra bits increase the footprint size of the programs, libraries,
+ and also increases the memory and file system size requirements.
+ Executing under the x32 psABI enables user programs to utilize CPU and system resources
+ more efficiently while keeping the memory footprint of the applications low.
+ Extra bits are used for registers but not for addressing mechanisms.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='support'>
+ <title>Support</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This Yocto Project release supports the final specifications of x32
+ psABI.
+ Support for x32 psABI exists as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>You can create packages and images in x32 psABI format on x86_64 architecture targets.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You can successfully build many recipes with the x32 toolchain.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You can create and boot <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> and
+ <filename>core-image-sato</filename> images.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='completing-x32'>
+ <title>Completing x32</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Future Plans for the x32 psABI in the Yocto Project include the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Enhance and fix the few remaining recipes so they
+ work with and support x32 toolchains.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Enhance RPM Package Manager (RPM) support for x32 binaries.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Support larger images.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-x32-right-now'>
+ <title>Using x32 Right Now</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Follow these steps to use the x32 spABI:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Enable the x32 psABI tuning file for <filename>x86_64</filename>
+ machines by editing the <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> like this:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MACHINE = "qemux86-64"
+ DEFAULTTUNE = "x86-64-x32"
+ baselib = "${@d.getVar('BASE_LIB_tune-' + (d.getVar('DEFAULTTUNE', True) \
+ or 'INVALID'), True) or 'lib'}"
+ #MACHINE = "genericx86"
+ #DEFAULTTUNE = "core2-64-x32"
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>As usual, use BitBake to build an image that supports the x32 psABI.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake core-image-sato
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>As usual, run your image using QEMU:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ runqemu qemux86-64 core-image-sato
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="wayland">
+ <title>Wayland</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)'>Wayland</ulink>
+ is a computer display server protocol that
+ provides a method for compositing window managers to communicate
+ directly with applications and video hardware and expects them to
+ communicate with input hardware using other libraries.
+ Using Wayland with supporting targets can result in better control
+ over graphics frame rendering than an application might otherwise
+ achieve.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project provides the Wayland protocol libraries and the
+ reference
+ <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)#Weston'>Weston</ulink>
+ compositor as part of its release.
+ This section describes what you need to do to implement Wayland and
+ use the compositor when building an image for a supporting target.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="wayland-support">
+ <title>Support</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Wayland protocol libraries and the reference Weston compositor
+ ship as integrated packages in the <filename>meta</filename> layer
+ of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ Specifically, you can find the recipes that build both Wayland
+ and Weston at <filename>meta/recipes-graphics/wayland</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can build both the Wayland and Weston packages for use only
+ with targets that accept the
+ <ulink url='http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/'>Mesa 3D and Direct Rendering Infrastructure</ulink>,
+ which is also known as Mesa DRI.
+ This implies that you cannot build and use the packages if your
+ target uses, for example, the
+ <trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark> Embedded Media and
+ Graphics Driver (<trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark>
+ EMGD) that overrides Mesa DRI.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Due to lack of EGL support, Weston 1.0.3 will not run directly on
+ the emulated QEMU hardware.
+ However, this version of Weston will run under X emulation without
+ issues.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="enabling-wayland-in-an-image">
+ <title>Enabling Wayland in an Image</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To enable Wayland, you need to enable it to be built and enable
+ it to be included in the image.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="enable-building">
+ <title>Building</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To cause Mesa to build the <filename>wayland-egl</filename>
+ platform and Weston to build Wayland with Kernel Mode
+ Setting
+ (<ulink url='https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Kernel_Mode_Setting'>KMS</ulink>)
+ support, include the "wayland" flag in the
+ <link linkend="var-DISTRO_FEATURES"><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ statement in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DISTRO_FEATURES_append = " wayland"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ If X11 has been enabled elsewhere, Weston will build Wayland
+ with X11 support
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="enable-installation-in-an-image">
+ <title>Installing</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To install the Wayland feature into an image, you must
+ include the following
+ <link linkend='var-CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL'><filename>CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL</filename></link>
+ statement in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL += "wayland weston"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="running-weston">
+ <title>Running Weston</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To run Weston inside X11, enabling it as described earlier and
+ building a Sato image is sufficient.
+ If you are running your image under Sato, a Weston Launcher appears
+ in the "Utility" category.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Alternatively, you can run Weston through the command-line
+ interpretor (CLI), which is better suited for development work.
+ To run Weston under the CLI, you need to do the following after
+ your image is built:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Run these commands to export
+ <filename>XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ mkdir -p /tmp/$USER-weston
+ chmod 0700 /tmp/$USER-weston
+ export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/tmp/$USER-weston
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Launch Weston in the shell:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ weston
+ </literallayout></para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id="licenses">
+ <title>Licenses</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes the mechanism by which the OpenEmbedded build system
+ tracks changes to licensing text.
+ The section also describes how to enable commercially licensed recipes,
+ which by default are disabled.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information that can help you maintain compliance with various open
+ source licensing during the lifecycle of the product, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#maintaining-open-source-license-compliance-during-your-products-lifecycle'>Maintaining Open Source License Compliance During Your Project's Lifecycle</ulink>" section
+ in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="usingpoky-configuring-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM">
+ <title>Tracking License Changes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The license of an upstream project might change in the future.
+ In order to prevent these changes going unnoticed, the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM'>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</link></filename>
+ variable tracks changes to the license text. The checksums are validated at the end of the
+ configure step, and if the checksums do not match, the build will fail.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="usingpoky-specifying-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM">
+ <title>Specifying the <filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename> Variable</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename>
+ variable contains checksums of the license text in the source code for the recipe.
+ Following is an example of how to specify <filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://COPYING;md5=xxxx \
+ file://licfile1.txt;beginline=5;endline=29;md5=yyyy \
+ file://licfile2.txt;endline=50;md5=zzzz \
+ ..."
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The build system uses the
+ <filename><link linkend='var-S'>S</link></filename> variable as
+ the default directory when searching files listed in
+ <filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename>.
+ The previous example employs the default directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Consider this next example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://src/ls.c;beginline=5;endline=16;\
+ md5=bb14ed3c4cda583abc85401304b5cd4e"
+ LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://${WORKDIR}/license.html;md5=5c94767cedb5d6987c902ac850ded2c6"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The first line locates a file in
+ <filename>${S}/src/ls.c</filename>.
+ The second line refers to a file in
+ <filename><link linkend='var-WORKDIR'>WORKDIR</link></filename>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Note that <filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename> variable is
+ mandatory for all recipes, unless the
+ <filename>LICENSE</filename> variable is set to "CLOSED".
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="usingpoky-LIC_FILES_CHKSUM-explanation-of-syntax">
+ <title>Explanation of Syntax</title>
+ <para>
+ As mentioned in the previous section, the
+ <filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename> variable lists all the
+ important files that contain the license text for the source code.
+ It is possible to specify a checksum for an entire file, or a specific section of a
+ file (specified by beginning and ending line numbers with the "beginline" and "endline"
+ parameters, respectively).
+ The latter is useful for source files with a license notice header,
+ README documents, and so forth.
+ If you do not use the "beginline" parameter, then it is assumed that the text begins on the
+ first line of the file.
+ Similarly, if you do not use the "endline" parameter, it is assumed that the license text
+ ends with the last line of the file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The "md5" parameter stores the md5 checksum of the license text.
+ If the license text changes in any way as compared to this parameter
+ then a mismatch occurs.
+ This mismatch triggers a build failure and notifies the developer.
+ Notification allows the developer to review and address the license text changes.
+ Also note that if a mismatch occurs during the build, the correct md5
+ checksum is placed in the build log and can be easily copied to the recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ There is no limit to how many files you can specify using the
+ <filename>LIC_FILES_CHKSUM</filename> variable.
+ Generally, however, every project requires a few specifications for license tracking.
+ Many projects have a "COPYING" file that stores the license information for all the source
+ code files.
+ This practice allows you to just track the "COPYING" file as long as it is kept up to date.
+ </para>
+
+ <tip>
+ If you specify an empty or invalid "md5" parameter, BitBake returns an md5 mis-match
+ error and displays the correct "md5" parameter value during the build.
+ The correct parameter is also captured in the build log.
+ </tip>
+
+ <tip>
+ If the whole file contains only license text, you do not need to use the "beginline" and
+ "endline" parameters.
+ </tip>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="enabling-commercially-licensed-recipes">
+ <title>Enabling Commercially Licensed Recipes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ By default, the OpenEmbedded build system disables
+ components that have commercial or other special licensing
+ requirements.
+ Such requirements are defined on a
+ recipe-by-recipe basis through the
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE_FLAGS'><filename>LICENSE_FLAGS</filename></link>
+ variable definition in the affected recipe.
+ For instance, the
+ <filename>poky/meta/recipes-multimedia/gstreamer/gst-plugins-ugly</filename>
+ recipe contains the following statement:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE_FLAGS = "commercial"
+ </literallayout>
+ Here is a slightly more complicated example that contains both an
+ explicit recipe name and version (after variable expansion):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE_FLAGS = "license_${PN}_${PV}"
+ </literallayout>
+ In order for a component restricted by a <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS</filename>
+ definition to be enabled and included in an image, it
+ needs to have a matching entry in the global
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST'><filename>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</filename></link>
+ variable, which is a variable
+ typically defined in your <filename>local.conf</filename> file.
+ For example, to enable
+ the <filename>poky/meta/recipes-multimedia/gstreamer/gst-plugins-ugly</filename>
+ package, you could add either the string
+ "commercial_gst-plugins-ugly" or the more general string
+ "commercial" to <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</filename>.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='license-flag-matching'>License Flag Matching</link>" section
+ for a full explanation of how <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS</filename> matching works.
+ Here is the example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST = "commercial_gst-plugins-ugly"
+ </literallayout>
+ Likewise, to additionally enable the package built from the recipe containing
+ <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS = "license_${PN}_${PV}"</filename>, and assuming
+ that the actual recipe name was <filename>emgd_1.10.bb</filename>,
+ the following string would enable that package as well as
+ the original <filename>gst-plugins-ugly</filename> package:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST = "commercial_gst-plugins-ugly license_emgd_1.10"
+ </literallayout>
+ As a convenience, you do not need to specify the complete license string
+ in the whitelist for every package.
+ You can use an abbreviated form, which consists
+ of just the first portion or portions of the license string before
+ the initial underscore character or characters.
+ A partial string will match
+ any license that contains the given string as the first
+ portion of its license.
+ For example, the following
+ whitelist string will also match both of the packages
+ previously mentioned as well as any other packages that have
+ licenses starting with "commercial" or "license".
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST = "commercial license"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="license-flag-matching">
+ <title>License Flag Matching</title>
+
+ <para>
+ License flag matching allows you to control what recipes the
+ OpenEmbedded build system includes in the build.
+ Fundamentally, the build system attempts to match
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE_FLAGS'><filename>LICENSE_FLAGS</filename></link>
+ strings found in recipes against
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST'><filename>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</filename></link>
+ strings found in the whitelist.
+ A match causes the build system to include a recipe in the
+ build, while failure to find a match causes the build system to
+ exclude a recipe.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In general, license flag matching is simple.
+ However, understanding some concepts will help you
+ correctly and effectively use matching.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Before a flag
+ defined by a particular recipe is tested against the
+ contents of the whitelist, the expanded string
+ <filename>_${PN}</filename> is appended to the flag.
+ This expansion makes each <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS</filename>
+ value recipe-specific.
+ After expansion, the string is then matched against the
+ whitelist.
+ Thus, specifying
+ <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS = "commercial"</filename>
+ in recipe "foo", for example, results in the string
+ <filename>"commercial_foo"</filename>.
+ And, to create a match, that string must appear in the
+ whitelist.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Judicious use of the <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS</filename>
+ strings and the contents of the
+ <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</filename> variable
+ allows you a lot of flexibility for including or excluding
+ recipes based on licensing.
+ For example, you can broaden the matching capabilities by
+ using license flags string subsets in the whitelist.
+ <note>When using a string subset, be sure to use the part of
+ the expanded string that precedes the appended underscore
+ character (e.g. <filename>usethispart_1.3</filename>,
+ <filename>usethispart_1.4</filename>, and so forth).
+ </note>
+ For example, simply specifying the string "commercial" in
+ the whitelist matches any expanded
+ <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS</filename> definition that starts with
+ the string "commercial" such as "commercial_foo" and
+ "commercial_bar", which are the strings the build system
+ automatically generates for hypothetical recipes named
+ "foo" and "bar" assuming those recipes simply specify the
+ following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE_FLAGS = "commercial"
+ </literallayout>
+ Thus, you can choose to exhaustively
+ enumerate each license flag in the whitelist and
+ allow only specific recipes into the image, or
+ you can use a string subset that causes a broader range of
+ matches to allow a range of recipes into the image.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This scheme works even if the
+ <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS</filename> string already
+ has <filename>_${PN}</filename> appended.
+ For example, the build system turns the license flag
+ "commercial_1.2_foo" into "commercial_1.2_foo_foo" and would
+ match both the general "commercial" and the specific
+ "commercial_1.2_foo" strings found in the whitelist, as
+ expected.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some other scenarios:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>You can specify a versioned string in the
+ recipe such as "commercial_foo_1.2" in a "foo" recipe.
+ The build system expands this string to
+ "commercial_foo_1.2_foo".
+ Combine this license flag with a whitelist that has
+ the string "commercial" and you match the flag along
+ with any other flag that starts with the string
+ "commercial".</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Under the same circumstances, you can
+ use "commercial_foo" in the whitelist and the
+ build system not only matches "commercial_foo_1.2" but
+ also matches any license flag with the string
+ "commercial_foo", regardless of the version.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>You can be very specific and use both the
+ package and version parts in the whitelist (e.g.
+ "commercial_foo_1.2") to specifically match a
+ versioned recipe.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="other-variables-related-to-commercial-licenses">
+ <title>Other Variables Related to Commercial Licenses</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Other helpful variables related to commercial
+ license handling exist and are defined in the
+ <filename>poky/meta/conf/distro/include/default-distrovars.inc</filename> file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ COMMERCIAL_AUDIO_PLUGINS ?= ""
+ COMMERCIAL_VIDEO_PLUGINS ?= ""
+ COMMERCIAL_QT = ""
+ </literallayout>
+ If you want to enable these components, you can do so by making sure you have
+ statements similar to the following
+ in your <filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ COMMERCIAL_AUDIO_PLUGINS = "gst-plugins-ugly-mad \
+ gst-plugins-ugly-mpegaudioparse"
+ COMMERCIAL_VIDEO_PLUGINS = "gst-plugins-ugly-mpeg2dec \
+ gst-plugins-ugly-mpegstream gst-plugins-bad-mpegvideoparse"
+ COMMERCIAL_QT ?= "qmmp"
+ LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST = "commercial_gst-plugins-ugly commercial_gst-plugins-bad commercial_qmmp"
+ </literallayout>
+ Of course, you could also create a matching whitelist
+ for those components using the more general "commercial"
+ in the whitelist, but that would also enable all the
+ other packages with
+ <link linkend='var-LICENSE_FLAGS'><filename>LICENSE_FLAGS</filename></link>
+ containing "commercial", which you may or may not want:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST = "commercial"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Specifying audio and video plug-ins as part of the
+ <filename>COMMERCIAL_AUDIO_PLUGINS</filename> and
+ <filename>COMMERCIAL_VIDEO_PLUGINS</filename> statements
+ or commercial Qt components as part of
+ the <filename>COMMERCIAL_QT</filename> statement (along
+ with the enabling <filename>LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST</filename>) includes the
+ plug-ins or components into built images, thus adding
+ support for media formats or components.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/ref-manual/usingpoky.xml b/documentation/ref-manual/usingpoky.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca87962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/ref-manual/usingpoky.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1088 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='usingpoky'>
+<title>Using the Yocto Project</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This chapter describes common usage for the Yocto Project.
+ The information is introductory in nature as other manuals in the Yocto Project
+ documentation set provide more details on how to use the Yocto Project.
+ </para>
+
+<section id='usingpoky-build'>
+ <title>Running a Build</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section provides a summary of the build process and provides information
+ for less obvious aspects of the build process.
+ For general information on how to build an image using the OpenEmbedded build
+ system, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#qs-building-images'>Building Images</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Quick Start.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='build-overview'>
+ <title>Build Overview</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In the development environment you will need to build an image whenever you change hardware
+ support, add or change system libraries, or add or change services that have dependencies.
+ </para>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/building-an-image.png" format="PNG" align='center' scalefit='1'/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <caption>
+ <para>Building an Image</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ <para>
+ The first thing you need to do is set up the OpenEmbedded build
+ environment by sourcing an environment setup script
+ (i.e.
+ <link linkend='structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></link>
+ or
+ <link linkend='structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></link>).
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source &OE_INIT_FILE; [<replaceable>build_dir</replaceable>]
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <replaceable>build_dir</replaceable> argument is optional and specifies the directory the
+ OpenEmbedded build system uses for the build -
+ the <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ If you do not specify a Build Directory, it defaults to a directory
+ named <filename>build</filename> in your current working directory.
+ A common practice is to use a different Build Directory for different targets.
+ For example, <filename>~/build/x86</filename> for a <filename>qemux86</filename>
+ target, and <filename>~/build/arm</filename> for a <filename>qemuarm</filename> target.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once the build environment is set up, you can build a target using:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake <replaceable>target</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <replaceable>target</replaceable> is the name of the recipe you want to build.
+ Common targets are the images in <filename>meta/recipes-core/images</filename>,
+ <filename>meta/recipes-sato/images</filename>, etc. all found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ Or, the target can be the name of a recipe for a specific piece of software such as
+ BusyBox.
+ For more details about the images the OpenEmbedded build system supports, see the
+ "<link linkend="ref-images">Images</link>" chapter.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ Building an image without GNU General Public License Version
+ 3 (GPLv3), or similarly licensed, components is supported for
+ only minimal and base images.
+ See the "<link linkend='ref-images'>Images</link>" chapter for more information.
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='building-an-image-using-gpl-components'>
+ <title>Building an Image Using GPL Components</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When building an image using GPL components, you need to maintain your original
+ settings and not switch back and forth applying different versions of the GNU
+ General Public License.
+ If you rebuild using different versions of GPL, dependency errors might occur
+ due to some components not being rebuilt.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='usingpoky-install'>
+ <title>Installing and Using the Result</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Once an image has been built, it often needs to be installed.
+ The images and kernels built by the OpenEmbedded build system are placed in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink> in
+ <filename class="directory">tmp/deploy/images</filename>.
+ For information on how to run pre-built images such as <filename>qemux86</filename>
+ and <filename>qemuarm</filename>, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#using-pre-built'>Example Using Pre-Built Binaries and QEMU</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide.
+ For information about how to install these images, see the documentation for your
+ particular board or machine.
+ </para>
+</section>
+
+<section id='usingpoky-debugging'>
+ <title>Debugging Build Failures</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The exact method for debugging build failures depends on the nature of
+ the problem and on the system's area from which the bug originates.
+ Standard debugging practices such as comparison against the last
+ known working version with examination of the changes and the
+ re-application of steps to identify the one causing the problem are
+ valid for the Yocto Project just as they are for any other system.
+ Even though it is impossible to detail every possible potential failure,
+ this section provides some general tips to aid in debugging.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A useful feature for debugging is the error reporting tool.
+ Configuring the Yocto Project to use this tool causes the
+ OpenEmbedded build system to produce error reporting commands as
+ part of the console output.
+ You can enter the commands after the build completes
+ to log error information
+ into a common database, that can help you figure out what might be
+ going wrong.
+ For information on how to enable and use this feature, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#using-the-error-reporting-tool'>Using the Error Reporting Tool</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For discussions on debugging, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#platdev-gdb-remotedebug'>Debugging With the GNU Project Debugger (GDB) Remotely</ulink>"
+ and
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#adt-eclipse'>Working within Eclipse</ulink>"
+ sections in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ The remainder of this section presents many examples of the
+ <filename>bitbake</filename> command.
+ You can learn about BitBake by reading the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual'>BitBake User Manual</ulink>.
+ </note>
+
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-debugging-taskfailures'>
+ <title>Task Failures</title>
+
+ <para>The log file for shell tasks is available in
+ <filename>${WORKDIR}/temp/log.do_<replaceable>taskname</replaceable>.pid</filename>.
+ For example, the <filename>do_compile</filename> task for the QEMU minimal image for the x86
+ machine (<filename>qemux86</filename>) might be
+ <filename>tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/temp/log.do_compile.20830</filename>.
+ To see what
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
+ runs to generate that log, look at the corresponding
+ <filename>run.do_<replaceable>taskname</replaceable>.pid</filename> file located in the same directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Presently, the output from Python tasks is sent directly to the console.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-debugging-taskrunning'>
+ <title>Running Specific Tasks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Any given package consists of a set of tasks.
+ The standard BitBake behavior in most cases is:
+ <filename>do_fetch</filename>,
+ <filename>do_unpack</filename>,
+ <filename>do_patch</filename>, <filename>do_configure</filename>,
+ <filename>do_compile</filename>, <filename>do_install</filename>,
+ <filename>do_package</filename>,
+ <filename>do_package_write_*</filename>, and
+ <filename>do_build</filename>.
+ The default task is <filename>do_build</filename> and any tasks
+ on which it depends build first.
+ Some tasks, such as <filename>do_devshell</filename>, are not part
+ of the default build chain.
+ If you wish to run a task that is not part of the default build
+ chain, you can use the <filename>-c</filename> option in BitBake.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake matchbox-desktop -c devshell
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you wish to rerun a task, use the <filename>-f</filename> force
+ option.
+ For example, the following sequence forces recompilation after
+ changing files in the work directory.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake matchbox-desktop
+ .
+ .
+ <replaceable>make some changes to the source code in the work directory</replaceable>
+ .
+ .
+ $ bitbake matchbox-desktop -c compile -f
+ $ bitbake matchbox-desktop
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This sequence first builds and then recompiles
+ <filename>matchbox-desktop</filename>.
+ The last command reruns all tasks (basically the packaging tasks)
+ after the compile.
+ BitBake recognizes that the <filename>do_compile</filename>
+ task was rerun and therefore understands that the other tasks
+ also need to be run again.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can view a list of tasks in a given package by running the
+ <filename>do_listtasks</filename> task as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake matchbox-desktop -c listtasks
+ </literallayout>
+ The results appear as output to the console and are also in the
+ file <filename>${WORKDIR}/temp/log.do_listtasks</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-debugging-dependencies'>
+ <title>Dependency Graphs</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Sometimes it can be hard to see why BitBake wants to build
+ other packages before building a given package you have specified.
+ The <filename>bitbake -g <replaceable>targetname</replaceable></filename> command
+ creates the <filename>pn-buildlist</filename>,
+ <filename>pn-depends.dot</filename>,
+ <filename>package-depends.dot</filename>, and
+ <filename>task-depends.dot</filename> files in the current
+ directory.
+ These files show what will be built and the package and task
+ dependencies, which are useful for debugging problems.
+ You can use the
+ <filename>bitbake -g -u depexp <replaceable>targetname</replaceable></filename>
+ command to display the results in a more human-readable form.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-debugging-bitbake'>
+ <title>General BitBake Problems</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can see debug output from BitBake by using the <filename>-D</filename> option.
+ The debug output gives more information about what BitBake
+ is doing and the reason behind it.
+ Each <filename>-D</filename> option you use increases the logging level.
+ The most common usage is <filename>-DDD</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The output from <filename>bitbake -DDD -v</filename> <replaceable>targetname</replaceable> can reveal why
+ BitBake chose a certain version of a package or why BitBake
+ picked a certain provider.
+ This command could also help you in a situation where you think BitBake did something
+ unexpected.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='development-host-system-issues'>
+ <title>Development Host System Issues</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Sometimes issues on the host development system can cause your
+ build to fail.
+ Following are known, host-specific problems.
+ Be sure to always consult the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_RELEASE_NOTES;'>Release Notes</ulink>
+ for a look at all release-related issues.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis><filename>glibc-initial</filename> fails to build</emphasis>:
+ If your development host system has the unpatched
+ <filename>GNU Make 3.82</filename>,
+ the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task fails for <filename>glibc-initial</filename> during
+ the build.</para>
+ <para>Typically, every distribution that ships
+ <filename>GNU Make 3.82</filename> as
+ the default already has the patched version.
+ However, some distributions, such as Debian, have
+ <filename>GNU Make 3.82</filename> as an option, which
+ is unpatched.
+ You will see this error on these types of distributions.
+ Switch to <filename>GNU Make 3.81</filename> or patch
+ your <filename>make</filename> to solve the problem.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-debugging-buildfile'>
+ <title>Building with No Dependencies</title>
+ <para>
+ To build a specific recipe (<filename>.bb</filename> file),
+ you can use the following command form:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -b <replaceable>somepath</replaceable>/<replaceable>somerecipe</replaceable>.bb
+ </literallayout>
+ This command form does not check for dependencies.
+ Consequently, you should use it
+ only when you know existing dependencies have been met.
+ <note>
+ You can also specify fragments of the filename.
+ In this case, BitBake checks for a unique match.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-debugging-variables'>
+ <title>Variables</title>
+ <para>
+ You can use the <filename>-e</filename> BitBake option to
+ display the parsing environment for a configuration.
+ The following displays the general parsing environment:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -e
+ </literallayout>
+ This next example shows the parsing environment for a specific
+ recipe:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -e <replaceable>recipename</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='recipe-logging-mechanisms'>
+ <title>Recipe Logging Mechanisms</title>
+ <para>
+ Best practices exist while writing recipes that both log build progress and
+ act on build conditions such as warnings and errors.
+ Both Python and Bash language bindings exist for the logging mechanism:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Python:</emphasis> For Python functions, BitBake
+ supports several loglevels: <filename>bb.fatal</filename>,
+ <filename>bb.error</filename>, <filename>bb.warn</filename>,
+ <filename>bb.note</filename>, <filename>bb.plain</filename>,
+ and <filename>bb.debug</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Bash:</emphasis> For Bash functions, the same set
+ of loglevels exist and are accessed with a similar syntax:
+ <filename>bbfatal</filename>, <filename>bberror</filename>,
+ <filename>bbwarn</filename>, <filename>bbnote</filename>,
+ <filename>bbplain</filename>, and <filename>bbdebug</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For guidance on how logging is handled in both Python and Bash recipes, see the
+ <filename>logging.bbclass</filename> file in the
+ <filename>meta/classes</filename> folder of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='logging-with-python'>
+ <title>Logging With Python</title>
+ <para>
+ When creating recipes using Python and inserting code that handles build logs,
+ keep in mind the goal is to have informative logs while keeping the console as
+ "silent" as possible.
+ Also, if you want status messages in the log, use the "debug" loglevel.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is an example written in Python.
+ The code handles logging for a function that determines the
+ number of tasks needed to be run.
+ See the
+ "<link linkend='ref-tasks-listtasks'><filename>do_listtasks</filename></link>"
+ section for additional information:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ python do_listtasks() {
+ bb.debug(2, "Starting to figure out the task list")
+ if noteworthy_condition:
+ bb.note("There are 47 tasks to run")
+ bb.debug(2, "Got to point xyz")
+ if warning_trigger:
+ bb.warn("Detected warning_trigger, this might be a problem later.")
+ if recoverable_error:
+ bb.error("Hit recoverable_error, you really need to fix this!")
+ if fatal_error:
+ bb.fatal("fatal_error detected, unable to print the task list")
+ bb.plain("The tasks present are abc")
+ bb.debug(2, "Finished figuring out the tasklist")
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='logging-with-bash'>
+ <title>Logging With Bash</title>
+ <para>
+ When creating recipes using Bash and inserting code that handles build
+ logs, you have the same goals - informative with minimal console output.
+ The syntax you use for recipes written in Bash is similar to that of
+ recipes written in Python described in the previous section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following is an example written in Bash.
+ The code logs the progress of the <filename>do_my_function</filename> function.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ do_my_function() {
+ bbdebug 2 "Running do_my_function"
+ if [ exceptional_condition ]; then
+ bbnote "Hit exceptional_condition"
+ fi
+ bbdebug 2 "Got to point xyz"
+ if [ warning_trigger ]; then
+ bbwarn "Detected warning_trigger, this might cause a problem later."
+ fi
+ if [ recoverable_error ]; then
+ bberror "Hit recoverable_error, correcting"
+ fi
+ if [ fatal_error ]; then
+ bbfatal "fatal_error detected"
+ fi
+ bbdebug 2 "Completed do_my_function"
+ }
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='usingpoky-debugging-others'>
+ <title>Other Tips</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some other tips that you might find useful:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>When adding new packages, it is worth watching for
+ undesirable items making their way into compiler command lines.
+ For example, you do not want references to local system files like
+ <filename>/usr/lib/</filename> or <filename>/usr/include/</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>If you want to remove the <filename>psplash</filename>
+ boot splashscreen,
+ add <filename>psplash=false</filename> to the kernel command line.
+ Doing so prevents <filename>psplash</filename> from loading
+ and thus allows you to see the console.
+ It is also possible to switch out of the splashscreen by
+ switching the virtual console (e.g. Fn+Left or Fn+Right on a Zaurus).
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='maintaining-build-output-quality'>
+ <title>Maintaining Build Output Quality</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Many factors can influence the quality of a build.
+ For example, if you upgrade a recipe to use a new version of an upstream software
+ package or you experiment with some new configuration options, subtle changes
+ can occur that you might not detect until later.
+ Consider the case where your recipe is using a newer version of an upstream package.
+ In this case, a new version of a piece of software might introduce an optional
+ dependency on another library, which is auto-detected.
+ If that library has already been built when the software is building,
+ the software will link to the built library and that library will be pulled
+ into your image along with the new software even if you did not want the
+ library.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-buildhistory'><filename>buildhistory</filename></link>
+ class exists to help you maintain
+ the quality of your build output.
+ You can use the class to highlight unexpected and possibly unwanted
+ changes in the build output.
+ When you enable build history, it records information about the contents of
+ each package and image and then commits that information to a local Git
+ repository where you can examine the information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The remainder of this section describes the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>How you can enable and disable
+ build history</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>How to understand what the build history contains
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>How to limit the information used for build history
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>How to examine the build history from both a
+ command-line and web interface</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='enabling-and-disabling-build-history'>
+ <title>Enabling and Disabling Build History</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Build history is disabled by default.
+ To enable it, add the following <filename>INHERIT</filename>
+ statement and set the
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT'><filename>BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT</filename></link>
+ variable to "1" at the end of your
+ <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> file found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "buildhistory"
+ BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT = "1"
+ </literallayout>
+ Enabling build history as previously described
+ causes the build process to collect build
+ output information and commit it to a local
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#git'>Git</ulink> repository.
+ <note>
+ Enabling build history increases your build times slightly,
+ particularly for images, and increases the amount of disk
+ space used during the build.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can disable build history by removing the previous statements
+ from your <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> file.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='understanding-what-the-build-history-contains'>
+ <title>Understanding What the Build History Contains</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Build history information is kept in
+ <filename>${</filename><link linkend='var-TOPDIR'><filename>TOPDIR</filename></link><filename>}/buildhistory</filename>
+ in the Build Directory as defined by the
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDHISTORY_DIR'><filename>BUILDHISTORY_DIR</filename></link>
+ variable.
+ The following is an example abbreviated listing:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/buildhistory.png" align="center" width="6in" depth="4in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ At the top level, there is a <filename>metadata-revs</filename> file
+ that lists the revisions of the repositories for the layers enabled
+ when the build was produced.
+ The rest of the data splits into separate
+ <filename>packages</filename>, <filename>images</filename> and
+ <filename>sdk</filename> directories, the contents of which are
+ described below.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='build-history-package-information'>
+ <title>Build History Package Information</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The history for each package contains a text file that has
+ name-value pairs with information about the package.
+ For example, <filename>buildhistory/packages/i586-poky-linux/busybox/busybox/latest</filename>
+ contains the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PV = 1.22.1
+ PR = r32
+ RPROVIDES =
+ RDEPENDS = glibc (>= 2.20) update-alternatives-opkg
+ RRECOMMENDS = busybox-syslog busybox-udhcpc update-rc.d
+ PKGSIZE = 540168
+ FILES = /usr/bin/* /usr/sbin/* /usr/lib/busybox/* /usr/lib/lib*.so.* \
+ /etc /com /var /bin/* /sbin/* /lib/*.so.* /lib/udev/rules.d \
+ /usr/lib/udev/rules.d /usr/share/busybox /usr/lib/busybox/* \
+ /usr/share/pixmaps /usr/share/applications /usr/share/idl \
+ /usr/share/omf /usr/share/sounds /usr/lib/bonobo/servers
+ FILELIST = /bin/busybox /bin/busybox.nosuid /bin/busybox.suid /bin/sh \
+ /etc/busybox.links.nosuid /etc/busybox.links.suid
+ </literallayout>
+ Most of these name-value pairs correspond to variables used
+ to produce the package.
+ The exceptions are <filename>FILELIST</filename>, which is the
+ actual list of files in the package, and
+ <filename>PKGSIZE</filename>, which is the total size of files
+ in the package in bytes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ There is also a file corresponding to the recipe from which the
+ package came (e.g.
+ <filename>buildhistory/packages/i586-poky-linux/busybox/latest</filename>):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ PV = 1.22.1
+ PR = r32
+ DEPENDS = initscripts kern-tools-native update-rc.d-native \
+ virtual/i586-poky-linux-compilerlibs virtual/i586-poky-linux-gcc \
+ virtual/libc virtual/update-alternatives
+ PACKAGES = busybox-ptest busybox-httpd busybox-udhcpd busybox-udhcpc \
+ busybox-syslog busybox-mdev busybox-hwclock busybox-dbg \
+ busybox-staticdev busybox-dev busybox-doc busybox-locale busybox
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Finally, for those recipes fetched from a version control
+ system (e.g., Git), a file exists that lists source revisions
+ that are specified in the recipe and lists the actual revisions
+ used during the build.
+ Listed and actual revisions might differ when
+ <link linkend='var-SRCREV'><filename>SRCREV</filename></link>
+ is set to
+ <filename>${<link linkend='var-AUTOREV'>AUTOREV</link>}</filename>.
+ Here is an example assuming
+ <filename>buildhistory/packages/qemux86-poky-linux/linux-yocto/latest_srcrev</filename>):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # SRCREV_machine = "38cd560d5022ed2dbd1ab0dca9642e47c98a0aa1"
+ SRCREV_machine = "38cd560d5022ed2dbd1ab0dca9642e47c98a0aa1"
+ # SRCREV_meta = "a227f20eff056e511d504b2e490f3774ab260d6f"
+ SRCREV_meta = "a227f20eff056e511d504b2e490f3774ab260d6f"
+ </literallayout>
+ You can use the <filename>buildhistory-collect-srcrevs</filename>
+ command with the <filename>-a</filename> option to
+ collect the stored <filename>SRCREV</filename> values
+ from build history and report them in a format suitable for
+ use in global configuration (e.g.,
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> or a distro include file) to
+ override floating <filename>AUTOREV</filename> values to a
+ fixed set of revisions.
+ Here is some example output from this command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ buildhistory-collect-srcrevs -a
+ # i586-poky-linux
+ SRCREV_pn-glibc = "b8079dd0d360648e4e8de48656c5c38972621072"
+ SRCREV_pn-glibc-initial = "b8079dd0d360648e4e8de48656c5c38972621072"
+ SRCREV_pn-opkg-utils = "53274f087565fd45d8452c5367997ba6a682a37a"
+ SRCREV_pn-kmod = "fd56638aed3fe147015bfa10ed4a5f7491303cb4"
+ # x86_64-linux
+ SRCREV_pn-gtk-doc-stub-native = "1dea266593edb766d6d898c79451ef193eb17cfa"
+ SRCREV_pn-dtc-native = "65cc4d2748a2c2e6f27f1cf39e07a5dbabd80ebf"
+ SRCREV_pn-update-rc.d-native = "eca680ddf28d024954895f59a241a622dd575c11"
+ SRCREV_glibc_pn-cross-localedef-native = "b8079dd0d360648e4e8de48656c5c38972621072"
+ SRCREV_localedef_pn-cross-localedef-native = "c833367348d39dad7ba018990bfdaffaec8e9ed3"
+ SRCREV_pn-prelink-native = "faa069deec99bf61418d0bab831c83d7c1b797ca"
+ SRCREV_pn-opkg-utils-native = "53274f087565fd45d8452c5367997ba6a682a37a"
+ SRCREV_pn-kern-tools-native = "23345b8846fe4bd167efdf1bd8a1224b2ba9a5ff"
+ SRCREV_pn-kmod-native = "fd56638aed3fe147015bfa10ed4a5f7491303cb4"
+ # qemux86-poky-linux
+ SRCREV_machine_pn-linux-yocto = "38cd560d5022ed2dbd1ab0dca9642e47c98a0aa1"
+ SRCREV_meta_pn-linux-yocto = "a227f20eff056e511d504b2e490f3774ab260d6f"
+ # all-poky-linux
+ SRCREV_pn-update-rc.d = "eca680ddf28d024954895f59a241a622dd575c11"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ Here are some notes on using the
+ <filename>buildhistory-collect-srcrevs</filename> command:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>By default, only values where the
+ <filename>SRCREV</filename> was
+ not hardcoded (usually when <filename>AUTOREV</filename>
+ was used) are reported.
+ Use the <filename>-a</filename> option to see all
+ <filename>SRCREV</filename> values.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The output statements might not have any effect
+ if overrides are applied elsewhere in the build system
+ configuration.
+ Use the <filename>-f</filename> option to add the
+ <filename>forcevariable</filename> override to each output line
+ if you need to work around this restriction.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The script does apply special handling when
+ building for multiple machines.
+ However, the script does place a
+ comment before each set of values that specifies
+ which triplet to which they belong as shown above
+ (e.g., <filename>i586-poky-linux</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='build-history-image-information'>
+ <title>Build History Image Information</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The files produced for each image are as follows:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>image-files:</filename>
+ A directory containing selected files from the root
+ filesystem.
+ The files are defined by
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDHISTORY_IMAGE_FILES'><filename>BUILDHISTORY_IMAGE_FILES</filename></link>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>build-id.txt:</filename>
+ Human-readable information about the build configuration
+ and metadata source revisions.
+ This file contains the full build header as printed
+ by BitBake.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>*.dot:</filename>
+ Dependency graphs for the image that are
+ compatible with <filename>graphviz</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>files-in-image.txt:</filename>
+ A list of files in the image with permissions,
+ owner, group, size, and symlink information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>image-info.txt:</filename>
+ A text file containing name-value pairs with information
+ about the image.
+ See the following listing example for more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>installed-package-names.txt:</filename>
+ A list of installed packages by name only.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>installed-package-sizes.txt:</filename>
+ A list of installed packages ordered by size.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>installed-packages.txt:</filename>
+ A list of installed packages with full package
+ filenames.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <note>
+ Installed package information is able to be gathered and
+ produced even if package management is disabled for the final
+ image.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example of <filename>image-info.txt</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DISTRO = poky
+ DISTRO_VERSION = 1.7
+ USER_CLASSES = buildstats image-mklibs image-prelink
+ IMAGE_CLASSES = image_types
+ IMAGE_FEATURES = debug-tweaks
+ IMAGE_LINGUAS =
+ IMAGE_INSTALL = packagegroup-core-boot run-postinsts
+ BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS =
+ NO_RECOMMENDATIONS =
+ PACKAGE_EXCLUDE =
+ ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND = write_package_manifest; license_create_manifest; \
+ write_image_manifest ; buildhistory_list_installed_image ; \
+ buildhistory_get_image_installed ; ssh_allow_empty_password; \
+ postinst_enable_logging; rootfs_update_timestamp ; ssh_disable_dns_lookup ;
+ IMAGE_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND = buildhistory_get_imageinfo ;
+ IMAGESIZE = 6900
+ </literallayout>
+ Other than <filename>IMAGESIZE</filename>, which is the
+ total size of the files in the image in Kbytes, the
+ name-value pairs are variables that may have influenced the
+ content of the image.
+ This information is often useful when you are trying to determine
+ why a change in the package or file listings has occurred.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-build-history-to-gather-image-information-only'>
+ <title>Using Build History to Gather Image Information Only</title>
+
+ <para>
+ As you can see, build history produces image information,
+ including dependency graphs, so you can see why something
+ was pulled into the image.
+ If you are just interested in this information and not
+ interested in collecting specific package or SDK information,
+ you can enable writing only image information without
+ any history by adding the following to your
+ <filename>conf/local.conf</filename> file found in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "buildhistory"
+ BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT = "0"
+ BUILDHISTORY_FEATURES = "image"
+ </literallayout>
+ Here, you set the
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDHISTORY_FEATURES'><filename>BUILDHISTORY_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ variable to use the image feature only.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='build-history-sdk-information'>
+ <title>Build History SDK Information</title>
+ <para>
+ Build history collects similar information on the contents
+ of SDKs (e.g. <filename>meta-toolchain</filename>
+ or <filename>bitbake -c populate_sdk imagename</filename>)
+ as compared to information it collects for images.
+ The following list shows the files produced for each SDK:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>files-in-sdk.txt:</filename>
+ A list of files in the SDK with permissions,
+ owner, group, size, and symlink information.
+ This list includes both the host and target parts
+ of the SDK.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>sdk-info.txt:</filename>
+ A text file containing name-value pairs with information
+ about the SDK.
+ See the following listing example for more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The following information appears under
+ each of the <filename>host</filename>
+ and <filename>target</filename> directories
+ for the portions of the SDK that run on the host and
+ on the target, respectively:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><filename>depends.dot:</filename>
+ Dependency graph for the SDK that is
+ compatible with <filename>graphviz</filename>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>installed-package-names.txt:</filename>
+ A list of installed packages by name only.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>installed-package-sizes.txt:</filename>
+ A list of installed packages ordered by size.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><filename>installed-packages.txt:</filename>
+ A list of installed packages with full package
+ filenames.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example of <filename>sdk-info.txt</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ DISTRO = poky
+ DISTRO_VERSION = 1.3+snapshot-20130327
+ SDK_NAME = poky-glibc-i686-arm
+ SDK_VERSION = 1.3+snapshot
+ SDKMACHINE =
+ SDKIMAGE_FEATURES = dev-pkgs dbg-pkgs
+ BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS =
+ SDKSIZE = 352712
+ </literallayout>
+ Other than <filename>SDKSIZE</filename>, which is the
+ total size of the files in the SDK in Kbytes, the
+ name-value pairs are variables that might have influenced the
+ content of the SDK.
+ This information is often useful when you are trying to
+ determine why a change in the package or file listings
+ has occurred.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='examining-build-history-information'>
+ <title>Examining Build History Information</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can examine build history output from the command line or
+ from a web interface.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To see any changes that have occurred (assuming you have
+ <link linkend='var-BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT'><filename>BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT = "1"</filename></link>),
+ you can simply
+ use any Git command that allows you to view the history of
+ a repository.
+ Here is one method:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git log -p
+ </literallayout>
+ You need to realize, however, that this method does show
+ changes that are not significant (e.g. a package's size
+ changing by a few bytes).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A command-line tool called <filename>buildhistory-diff</filename>
+ does exist, though, that queries the Git repository and prints just
+ the differences that might be significant in human-readable form.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ ~/poky/poky/scripts/buildhistory-diff . HEAD^
+ Changes to images/qemux86_64/glibc/core-image-minimal (files-in-image.txt):
+ /etc/anotherpkg.conf was added
+ /sbin/anotherpkg was added
+ * (installed-package-names.txt):
+ * anotherpkg was added
+ Changes to images/qemux86_64/glibc/core-image-minimal (installed-package-names.txt):
+ anotherpkg was added
+ packages/qemux86_64-poky-linux/v86d: PACKAGES: added "v86d-extras"
+ * PR changed from "r0" to "r1"
+ * PV changed from "0.1.10" to "0.1.12"
+ packages/qemux86_64-poky-linux/v86d/v86d: PKGSIZE changed from 110579 to 144381 (+30%)
+ * PR changed from "r0" to "r1"
+ * PV changed from "0.1.10" to "0.1.12"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To see changes to the build history using a web interface, follow
+ the instruction in the <filename>README</filename> file here.
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/buildhistory-web/'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is a sample screenshot of the interface:
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/buildhistory-web.png" align="center" scalefit="1" width="130%" contentdepth="130%" />
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</section>
+
+<section id='speeding-up-the-build'>
+ <title>Speeding Up the Build</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Build time can be an issue.
+ By default, the build system uses simple controls to try and maximize
+ build efficiency.
+ In general, the default settings for all the following variables
+ result in the most efficient build times when dealing with single
+ socket systems (i.e. a single CPU).
+ If you have multiple CPUs, you might try increasing the default
+ values to gain more speed.
+ See the descriptions in the glossary for each variable for more
+ information:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-BB_NUMBER_THREADS'><filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename>:</link>
+ The maximum number of threads BitBake simultaneously executes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#var-BB_NUMBER_PARSE_THREADS'><filename>BB_NUMBER_PARSE_THREADS</filename>:</ulink>
+ The number of threads BitBake uses during parsing.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-PARALLEL_MAKE'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename>:</link>
+ Extra options passed to the <filename>make</filename> command
+ during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-compile'><filename>do_compile</filename></link>
+ task in order to specify parallel compilation on the
+ local build host.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ <link linkend='var-PARALLEL_MAKEINST'><filename>PARALLEL_MAKEINST</filename>:</link>
+ Extra options passed to the <filename>make</filename> command
+ during the
+ <link linkend='ref-tasks-install'><filename>do_install</filename></link>
+ task in order to specify parallel installation on the
+ local build host.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ As mentioned, these variables all scale to the number of processor
+ cores available on the build system.
+ For single socket systems, this auto-scaling ensures that the build
+ system fundamentally takes advantage of potential parallel operations
+ during the build based on the build machine's capabilities.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Following are additional factors that can affect build speed:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ File system type:
+ The file system type that the build is being performed on can
+ also influence performance.
+ Using <filename>ext4</filename> is recommended as compared
+ to <filename>ext2</filename> and <filename>ext3</filename>
+ due to <filename>ext4</filename> improved features
+ such as extents.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Disabling the updating of access time using
+ <filename>noatime</filename>:
+ The <filename>noatime</filename> mount option prevents the
+ build system from updating file and directory access times.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Setting a longer commit:
+ Using the "commit=" mount option increases the interval
+ in seconds between disk cache writes.
+ Changing this interval from the five second default to
+ something longer increases the risk of data loss but decreases
+ the need to write to the disk, thus increasing the build
+ performance.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Choosing the packaging backend:
+ Of the available packaging backends, IPK is the fastest.
+ Additionally, selecting a singular packaging backend also
+ helps.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Using <filename>tmpfs</filename> for
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ as a temporary file system:
+ While this can help speed up the build, the benefits are
+ limited due to the compiler using
+ <filename>-pipe</filename>.
+ The build system goes to some lengths to avoid
+ <filename>sync()</filename> calls into the
+ file system on the principle that if there was a significant
+ failure, the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ contents could easily be rebuilt.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Inheriting the
+ <link linkend='ref-classes-rm-work'><filename>rm_work</filename></link>
+ class:
+ Inheriting this class has shown to speed up builds due to
+ significantly lower amounts of data stored in the data
+ cache as well as on disk.
+ Inheriting this class also makes cleanup of
+ <link linkend='var-TMPDIR'><filename>TMPDIR</filename></link>
+ faster, at the expense of being easily able to dive into the
+ source code.
+ File system maintainers have recommended that the fastest way
+ to clean up large numbers of files is to reformat partitions
+ rather than delete files due to the linear nature of partitions.
+ This, of course, assumes you structure the disk partitions and
+ file systems in a way that this is practical.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ Aside from the previous list, you should keep some trade offs in
+ mind that can help you speed up the build:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Remove items from
+ <link linkend='var-DISTRO_FEATURES'><filename>DISTRO_FEATURES</filename></link>
+ that you might not need.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Exclude debug symbols and other debug information:
+ If you do not need these symbols and other debug information,
+ disabling the <filename>*-dbg</filename> package generation
+ can speed up the build.
+ You can disable this generation by setting the
+ <link linkend='var-INHIBIT_PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT'><filename>INHIBIT_PACKAGE_DEBUG_SPLIT</filename></link>
+ variable to "1".
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Disable static library generation for recipes derived from
+ <filename>autoconf</filename> or <filename>libtool</filename>:
+ Following is an example showing how to disable static
+ libraries and still provide an override to handle exceptions:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ STATICLIBCONF = "--disable-static"
+ STATICLIBCONF_sqlite3-native = ""
+ EXTRA_OECONF += "${STATICLIBCONF}"
+ </literallayout>
+ <note><title>Notes</title>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Some recipes need static libraries in order to work
+ correctly (e.g. <filename>pseudo-native</filename>
+ needs <filename>sqlite3-native</filename>).
+ Overrides, as in the previous example, account for
+ these kinds of exceptions.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Some packages have packaging code that assumes the
+ presence of the static libraries.
+ If so, you might need to exclude them as well.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+</section>
+</chapter>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/template/Vera.ttf b/documentation/template/Vera.ttf
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/Vera.ttf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/documentation/template/Vera.xml b/documentation/template/Vera.xml
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/Vera.xml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/template/VeraMoBd.ttf b/documentation/template/VeraMoBd.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9be6547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/VeraMoBd.ttf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/documentation/template/VeraMoBd.xml b/documentation/template/VeraMoBd.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b33107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/VeraMoBd.xml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/template/VeraMono.ttf b/documentation/template/VeraMono.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..139f0b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/VeraMono.ttf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/documentation/template/VeraMono.xml b/documentation/template/VeraMono.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a0a866
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+++ b/documentation/template/VeraMono.xml
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diff --git a/documentation/template/component.title.xsl b/documentation/template/component.title.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee21d59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/component.title.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ exclude-result-prefixes="d">
+
+ <xsl:template name="component.title">
+ <xsl:param name="node" select="."/>
+
+ <xsl:variable name="level">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="ancestor::d:section">
+ <xsl:value-of select="count(ancestor::d:section)+1"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="ancestor::sect5">6</xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="ancestor::sect4">5</xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="ancestor::sect3">4</xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="ancestor::sect2">3</xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="ancestor::sect1">2</xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:element name="h{$level+1}" namespace="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+ <xsl:attribute name="class">title</xsl:attribute>
+ <xsl:if test="$generate.id.attributes = 0">
+ <xsl:call-template name="anchor">
+ <xsl:with-param name="node" select="$node"/>
+ <xsl:with-param name="conditional" select="0"/>
+ </xsl:call-template>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="$node" mode="object.title.markup">
+ <xsl:with-param name="allow-anchors" select="1"/>
+ </xsl:apply-templates>
+ <xsl:call-template name="permalink">
+ <xsl:with-param name="node" select="$node"/>
+ </xsl:call-template>
+ </xsl:element>
+ </xsl:template>
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/template/division.title.xsl b/documentation/template/division.title.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c26597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/division.title.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ exclude-result-prefixes="d">
+
+ <xsl:template name="division.title">
+ <xsl:param name="node" select="."/>
+
+ <h1>
+ <xsl:attribute name="class">title</xsl:attribute>
+ <xsl:call-template name="anchor">
+ <xsl:with-param name="node" select="$node"/>
+ <xsl:with-param name="conditional" select="0"/>
+ </xsl:call-template>
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="$node" mode="object.title.markup">
+ <xsl:with-param name="allow-anchors" select="1"/>
+ </xsl:apply-templates>
+ <xsl:call-template name="permalink">
+ <xsl:with-param name="node" select="$node"/>
+ </xsl:call-template>
+ </h1>
+ </xsl:template>
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/template/draft.png b/documentation/template/draft.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53051a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/draft.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/documentation/template/embedded_video.xsl b/documentation/template/embedded_video.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfb33c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/embedded_video.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+
+ <xsl:output method="html" />
+
+ <xsl:template match="/d:chapter/d:section/d:mediaobject">
+ <xsl:for-each select=".">
+ <xsl:variable name="vid_url">
+ <xsl:value-of select="./d:videoobject/d:videodata/@fileref" />
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <div style="text-align: center; margin: auto">
+ <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="640" height="420" data="{$vid_url}?color2=FBE9EC&showsearch=0&version=3&modestbranding=1&fs=1">
+ <param name="movie" value="{$vid_url}?color2=FBE9EC&showsearch=0&version=3&modestbranding=1&fs=1" />
+ <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" />
+ <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" />
+ </object>
+ </div>
+ </xsl:for-each>
+ </xsl:template>
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/template/fop-config.xml b/documentation/template/fop-config.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09cc5ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/fop-config.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<fop version="1.0">
+
+ <!-- Strict user configuration -->
+ <strict-configuration>true</strict-configuration>
+
+ <!-- Strict FO validation -->
+ <strict-validation>true</strict-validation>
+
+ <!--
+ Set the baseDir so common/openedhand.svg references in plans still
+ work ok. Note, relative file references to current dir should still work.
+ -->
+ <base>../template</base>
+ <font-base>../template</font-base>
+
+ <!-- Source resolution in dpi (dots/pixels per inch) for determining the
+ size of pixels in SVG and bitmap images, default: 72dpi -->
+ <!-- <source-resolution>72</source-resolution> -->
+ <!-- Target resolution in dpi (dots/pixels per inch) for specifying the
+ target resolution for generated bitmaps, default: 72dpi -->
+ <!-- <target-resolution>72</target-resolution> -->
+
+ <!-- default page-height and page-width, in case
+ value is specified as auto -->
+ <default-page-settings height="11in" width="8.26in"/>
+
+ <!-- <use-cache>false</use-cache> -->
+
+ <renderers>
+ <renderer mime="application/pdf">
+ <fonts>
+ <font metrics-file="VeraMono.xml"
+ kerning="yes"
+ embed-url="VeraMono.ttf">
+ <font-triplet name="veramono" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
+ </font>
+
+ <font metrics-file="VeraMoBd.xml"
+ kerning="yes"
+ embed-url="VeraMoBd.ttf">
+ <font-triplet name="veramono" style="normal" weight="bold"/>
+ </font>
+
+ <font metrics-file="Vera.xml"
+ kerning="yes"
+ embed-url="Vera.ttf">
+ <font-triplet name="verasans" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
+ <font-triplet name="verasans" style="normal" weight="bold"/>
+ <font-triplet name="verasans" style="italic" weight="normal"/>
+ <font-triplet name="verasans" style="italic" weight="bold"/>
+ </font>
+
+ <auto-detect/>
+ </fonts>
+ </renderer>
+ </renderers>
+</fop>
+
diff --git a/documentation/template/formal.object.heading.xsl b/documentation/template/formal.object.heading.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a5e697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/formal.object.heading.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ exclude-result-prefixes="d">
+
+ <xsl:template name="formal.object.heading">
+ <xsl:param name="object" select="."/>
+ <xsl:param name="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="$object" mode="object.title.markup">
+ <xsl:with-param name="allow-anchors" select="1"/>
+ </xsl:apply-templates>
+ </xsl:param>
+ <p class="title">
+ <b><xsl:copy-of select="$title"/></b>
+ <xsl:call-template name="permalink">
+ <xsl:with-param name="node" select="$object"/>
+ </xsl:call-template>
+ </p>
+ </xsl:template>
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/template/gloss-permalinks.xsl b/documentation/template/gloss-permalinks.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bf5811
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/gloss-permalinks.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+
+ <xsl:template match="glossentry/glossterm">
+ <xsl:apply-imports/>
+ <xsl:if test="$generate.permalink != 0">
+ <xsl:call-template name="permalink">
+ <xsl:with-param name="node" select=".."/>
+ </xsl:call-template>
+ </xsl:if>
+ </xsl:template>
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/template/ohand-color.svg b/documentation/template/ohand-color.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e42ff9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/ohand-color.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
+<svg
+ xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
+ xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/"
+ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+ xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
+ xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape"
+ width="141.17999"
+ height="55.34"
+ id="svg2207"
+ sodipodi:version="0.32"
+ inkscape:version="0.45"
+ version="1.0"
+ sodipodi:docname="ohand-color.svg"
+ inkscape:output_extension="org.inkscape.output.svg.inkscape"
+ sodipodi:docbase="/home/mallum/Projects/admin/oh-doc-tools/common"
+ sodipodi:modified="true">
+ <defs
+ id="defs3" />
+ <sodipodi:namedview
+ id="base"
+ pagecolor="#ffffff"
+ bordercolor="#666666"
+ borderopacity="1.0"
+ inkscape:pageopacity="0.0"
+ inkscape:pageshadow="2"
+ inkscape:zoom="1.2"
+ inkscape:cx="160"
+ inkscape:cy="146.21189"
+ inkscape:document-units="mm"
+ inkscape:current-layer="layer1"
+ height="55.34px"
+ width="141.18px"
+ inkscape:window-width="772"
+ inkscape:window-height="581"
+ inkscape:window-x="5"
+ inkscape:window-y="48" />
+ <metadata
+ id="metadata2211">
+ <rdf:RDF>
+ <cc:Work
+ rdf:about="">
+ <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format>
+ <dc:type
+ rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" />
+ </cc:Work>
+ </rdf:RDF>
+ </metadata>
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diff --git a/documentation/template/permalinks.xsl b/documentation/template/permalinks.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2a1c14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/permalinks.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
+
+ <xsl:param name="generate.permalink" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="permalink.text">¶</xsl:param>
+
+ <xsl:template name="permalink">
+ <xsl:param name="node"/>
+
+ <xsl:if test="$generate.permalink != '0'">
+ <span class="permalink">
+ <a alt="Permalink" title="Permalink">
+ <xsl:attribute name="href">
+ <xsl:call-template name="href.target">
+ <xsl:with-param name="object" select="$node"/>
+ </xsl:call-template>
+ </xsl:attribute>
+ <xsl:copy-of select="$permalink.text"/>
+ </a>
+ </span>
+ </xsl:if>
+ </xsl:template>
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/template/poky-db-pdf.xsl b/documentation/template/poky-db-pdf.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8a3df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/poky-db-pdf.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/fo/docbook.xsl" />
+
+ <!-- check project-plan.sh for how this is generated, needed to tweak
+ the cover page
+ -->
+ <xsl:include href="/tmp/titlepage.xsl"/>
+
+ <!-- To force a page break in document, i.e per section add a
+ <?hard-pagebreak?> tag.
+ -->
+ <xsl:template match="processing-instruction('hard-pagebreak')">
+ <fo:block break-before='page' />
+ </xsl:template>
+
+ <!--Fix for defualt indent getting TOC all wierd..
+ See http://sources.redhat.com/ml/docbook-apps/2005-q1/msg00455.html
+ FIXME: must be a better fix
+ -->
+ <xsl:param name="body.start.indent" select="'0'"/>
+ <!--<xsl:param name="title.margin.left" select="'0'"/>-->
+
+ <!-- stop long-ish header titles getting wrapped -->
+ <xsl:param name="header.column.widths">1 10 1</xsl:param>
+
+ <!-- customise headers and footers a little -->
+
+ <xsl:template name="head.sep.rule">
+ <xsl:if test="$header.rule != 0">
+ <xsl:attribute name="border-bottom-width">0.5pt</xsl:attribute>
+ <xsl:attribute name="border-bottom-style">solid</xsl:attribute>
+ <xsl:attribute name="border-bottom-color">#999999</xsl:attribute>
+ </xsl:if>
+ </xsl:template>
+
+ <xsl:template name="foot.sep.rule">
+ <xsl:if test="$footer.rule != 0">
+ <xsl:attribute name="border-top-width">0.5pt</xsl:attribute>
+ <xsl:attribute name="border-top-style">solid</xsl:attribute>
+ <xsl:attribute name="border-top-color">#999999</xsl:attribute>
+ </xsl:if>
+ </xsl:template>
+
+ <xsl:attribute-set name="header.content.properties">
+ <xsl:attribute name="color">#999999</xsl:attribute>
+ </xsl:attribute-set>
+
+ <xsl:attribute-set name="footer.content.properties">
+ <xsl:attribute name="color">#999999</xsl:attribute>
+ </xsl:attribute-set>
+
+
+ <!-- general settings -->
+
+ <xsl:param name="fop1.extensions" select="1"></xsl:param>
+ <xsl:param name="paper.type" select="'A4'"></xsl:param>
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1"></xsl:param>
+ <xsl:param name="body.font.family" select="'verasans'"></xsl:param>
+ <xsl:param name="title.font.family" select="'verasans'"></xsl:param>
+ <xsl:param name="monospace.font.family" select="'veramono'"></xsl:param>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/template/poky-ref-manual.png b/documentation/template/poky-ref-manual.png
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/poky-ref-manual.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/documentation/template/poky.svg b/documentation/template/poky.svg
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/documentation/template/poky.svg
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+ id="g28">
+ <path
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+ id="g40">
+ <path
+ d="M 122.397,46.516 C 123.707,46.516 124.768,47.548 124.833,48.843 C 137.211,47.62 146.879,37.181 146.879,24.483 L 122.397,24.483 L 122.397,46.516 L 122.397,46.516 z M 97.915,0 L 97.915,24.482 L 122.396,24.482 C 122.396,10.961 111.435,0 97.915,0 z M 122.275,46.528 C 121.052,34.151 110.613,24.482 97.914,24.482 L 97.914,48.964 L 97.914,48.964 L 97.914,73.443 L 97.914,73.443 C 110.612,73.443 121.051,63.775 122.274,51.4 C 120.98,51.335 119.948,50.275 119.948,48.964 C 119.949,47.653 120.98,46.593 122.275,46.528 z M 124.833,49.084 C 124.769,50.379 123.707,51.411 122.397,51.411 L 122.396,51.411 L 122.396,73.444 L 146.878,73.444 L 146.878,73.441 C 146.876,60.745 137.208,50.308 124.833,49.084 z "
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+ </g>
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+ id="g46">
+ <path
+ d="M 173.795,49.1 C 173.724,50.389 172.666,51.415 171.36,51.415 C 170.006,51.415 168.911,50.319 168.911,48.967 C 168.911,47.656 169.944,46.596 171.239,46.531 C 170.017,34.152 159.578,24.482 146.878,24.482 L 146.878,48.963 C 146.878,62.484 157.839,73.444 171.36,73.444 L 171.36,97.926 L 171.363,97.926 C 184.878,97.924 195.833,86.972 195.841,73.459 L 195.842,73.459 L 195.842,73.443 L 195.841,73.443 C 195.833,60.753 186.167,50.322 173.795,49.1 z M 195.838,24.482 C 183.14,24.484 172.702,34.154 171.482,46.531 C 172.775,46.595 173.806,47.655 173.808,48.964 L 195.841,48.964 L 195.841,48.979 C 195.841,48.974 195.842,48.969 195.842,48.964 L 195.842,24.482 L 195.838,24.482 z "
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+ <path
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+ style="opacity:0.65"
+ id="g74">
+ <g
+ id="g76">
+ <path
+ d="M 73.44,24.001 L 73.437,24.001 C 59.919,24.003 48.96,34.959 48.958,48.476 L 48.958,48.479 L 48.961,48.479 L 48.961,48.481 L 48.957,48.482 L 48.957,48.485 C 48.959,62.004 59.918,72.963 73.436,72.963 C 86.954,72.963 97.913,62.004 97.915,48.485 L 97.915,48.482 C 97.916,34.963 86.958,24.003 73.44,24.001 z M 73.442,50.928 C 72.09,50.928 70.994,49.832 70.994,48.48 C 70.994,47.128 72.09,46.032 73.442,46.032 C 74.794,46.032 75.89,47.128 75.89,48.48 C 75.89,49.832 74.794,50.928 73.442,50.928 z "
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/template/qa-code-permalinks.xsl b/documentation/template/qa-code-permalinks.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a309095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/qa-code-permalinks.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!--
+This XSL sheet enables creation of permalinks for <para><code>
+constructs. Right now, this construct occurs only in the ref-manual
+book's qa issues and warnings chapter. However, if the construct
+were to appear anywhere in that ref-manual, a permalink would be
+generated. I don't foresee any <para><code> constructs being used
+in the future but if they are then a permalink with a generically
+numbered permalink would be generated.
+-->
+<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+
+ <xsl:template match="para/code">
+ <xsl:apply-imports/>
+ <xsl:if test="$generate.permalink != 0">
+ <xsl:call-template name="permalink">
+ <xsl:with-param name="node" select=".."/>
+ </xsl:call-template>
+ </xsl:if>
+ </xsl:template>
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/template/section.title.xsl b/documentation/template/section.title.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c6ff9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/section.title.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns:d="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" exclude-result-prefixes="d">
+
+ <xsl:template name="section.title">
+ <xsl:variable name="section"
+ select="(ancestor::section |
+ ancestor::simplesect|
+ ancestor::sect1|
+ ancestor::sect2|
+ ancestor::sect3|
+ ancestor::sect4|
+ ancestor::sect5)[last()]"/>
+
+ <xsl:variable name="renderas">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="$section/@renderas = 'sect1'">1</xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="$section/@renderas = 'sect2'">2</xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="$section/@renderas = 'sect3'">3</xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="$section/@renderas = 'sect4'">4</xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="$section/@renderas = 'sect5'">5</xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise><xsl:value-of select="''"/></xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+
+ <xsl:variable name="level">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="$renderas != ''">
+ <xsl:value-of select="$renderas"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>
+ <xsl:call-template name="section.level">
+ <xsl:with-param name="node" select="$section"/>
+ </xsl:call-template>
+ </xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+
+ <xsl:call-template name="section.heading">
+ <xsl:with-param name="section" select="$section"/>
+ <xsl:with-param name="level" select="$level"/>
+ <xsl:with-param name="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="$section" mode="object.title.markup">
+ <xsl:with-param name="allow-anchors" select="1"/>
+ </xsl:apply-templates>
+ <xsl:if test="$level > 0">
+ <xsl:call-template name="permalink">
+ <xsl:with-param name="node" select="$section"/>
+ </xsl:call-template>
+ </xsl:if>
+ </xsl:with-param>
+ </xsl:call-template>
+ </xsl:template>
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/template/titlepage.templates.xml b/documentation/template/titlepage.templates.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f53f147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/template/titlepage.templates.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1227 @@
+<!DOCTYPE t:templates [
+<!ENTITY hsize0 "10pt">
+<!ENTITY hsize1 "12pt">
+<!ENTITY hsize2 "14.4pt">
+<!ENTITY hsize3 "17.28pt">
+<!ENTITY hsize4 "20.736pt">
+<!ENTITY hsize5 "24.8832pt">
+<!ENTITY hsize0space "7.5pt"> <!-- 0.75 * hsize0 -->
+<!ENTITY hsize1space "9pt"> <!-- 0.75 * hsize1 -->
+<!ENTITY hsize2space "10.8pt"> <!-- 0.75 * hsize2 -->
+<!ENTITY hsize3space "12.96pt"> <!-- 0.75 * hsize3 -->
+<!ENTITY hsize4space "15.552pt"> <!-- 0.75 * hsize4 -->
+<!ENTITY hsize5space "18.6624pt"> <!-- 0.75 * hsize5 -->
+]>
+<t:templates xmlns:t="http://nwalsh.com/docbook/xsl/template/1.0"
+ xmlns:param="http://nwalsh.com/docbook/xsl/template/1.0/param"
+ xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
+
+<!-- ********************************************************************
+ $Id: titlepage.templates.xml,v 1.23 2003/12/16 00:30:49 bobstayton Exp $
+ ********************************************************************
+
+ This file is part of the DocBook XSL Stylesheet distribution.
+ See ../README or http://docbook.sf.net/ for copyright
+ and other information.
+
+ ******************************************************************** -->
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="article" t:wrapper="fo:block"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}">
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto"
+ text-align="center">
+
+ <mediaobject/>
+
+ <title t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::article[1]"
+ keep-with-next="always"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+
+ <subtitle param:node="ancestor-or-self::article[1]"
+ keep-with-next="always"
+ font-size="&hsize3;"
+ font-weight="bold"
+ space-after="0.8em"/>
+
+ <corpauthor space-before="0.5em"
+ font-size="&hsize3;"/>
+ <authorgroup space-before="0.5em"
+ font-size="&hsize2;"/>
+ <author space-before="0.5em"
+ font-size="&hsize2;"
+ space-after="0.8em"/>
+
+ <email font-size="&hsize2;"/>
+
+ <othercredit space-before="0.5em"/>
+ <releaseinfo space-before="0.5em"/>
+ <copyright space-before="0.5em"/>
+ <legalnotice text-align="start"
+ margin-left="0.5in"
+ margin-right="0.5in"
+ font-family="{$body.fontset}"/>
+ <pubdate space-before="0.5em"/>
+ <para></para>
+ <revision space-before="0.5em"/>
+ <revhistory space-before="0.5em"/>
+ <abstract space-before="0.5em"
+ text-align="start"
+ margin-left="0.5in"
+ margin-right="0.5in"
+ font-family="{$body.fontset}"/>
+
+ <para></para>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="set" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:named-template="division.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::set[1]"
+ text-align="center"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ space-before="&hsize5space;"
+ font-weight="bold"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"
+ text-align="center"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="book" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+
+ <mediaobject/>
+
+ <subtitle
+ text-align="center"
+ font-size="&hsize4;"
+ space-before="&hsize4space;"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <corpauthor font-size="&hsize3;"
+ keep-with-next="always"
+ space-before="2in"/>
+ <authorgroup space-before="2in"/>
+ <author font-size="&hsize3;"
+ space-before="&hsize2space;"
+ keep-with-next="always"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup t:named-template="verso.authorgroup"/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <pubdate space-before="1em"/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <abstract/>
+ <legalnotice font-size="8pt"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ <fo:block break-after="page"/>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ <fo:block break-after="page"/>
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="part" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:named-template="division.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::part[1]"
+ text-align="center"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ space-before="&hsize5space;"
+ font-weight="bold"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ text-align="center"
+ font-size="&hsize4;"
+ space-before="&hsize4space;"
+ font-weight='bold'
+ font-style='italic'
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="partintro" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ text-align="center"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ font-weight="bold"
+ space-before="1em"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ text-align="center"
+ font-size="&hsize2;"
+ font-weight="bold"
+ font-style="italic"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="reference" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:named-template="division.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::reference[1]"
+ text-align="center"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ space-before="&hsize5space;"
+ font-weight="bold"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"
+ text-align="center"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="refsynopsisdiv" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="refsection" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="refsect1" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="refsect2" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="refsect3" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="dedication" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:force="1"
+ t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::dedication[1]"
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="preface" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:force="1"
+ t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::preface[1]"
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="chapter" t:wrapper="fo:block"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto" margin-left="{$title.margin.left}">
+ <title t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::chapter[1]"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+
+ <subtitle space-before="0.5em"
+ font-style="italic"
+ font-size="&hsize2;"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+
+ <corpauthor space-before="0.5em"
+ space-after="0.5em"
+ font-size="&hsize2;"/>
+
+ <authorgroup space-before="0.5em"
+ space-after="0.5em"
+ font-size="&hsize2;"/>
+
+ <author space-before="0.5em"
+ space-after="0.5em"
+ font-size="&hsize2;"/>
+
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="appendix" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::appendix[1]"
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ font-weight="bold"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="section" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="sect1" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="sect2" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="sect3" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="sect4" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="sect5" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<t:titlepage t:element="simplesect" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ <corpauthor/>
+ <authorgroup/>
+ <author/>
+ <othercredit/>
+ <releaseinfo/>
+ <copyright/>
+ <legalnotice/>
+ <pubdate/>
+ <revision/>
+ <revhistory/>
+ <abstract/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="bibliography" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:force="1"
+ t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::bibliography[1]"
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+ </t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="bibliodiv" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::bibliodiv[1]"
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-size="&hsize4;"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+ </t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="glossary" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:force="1"
+ t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::glossary[1]"
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+ </t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="glossdiv" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::glossdiv[1]"
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-size="&hsize4;"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+ </t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="index" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:force="1"
+ t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::index[1]"
+ param:pagewide="1"
+ margin-left="0pt"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+ </t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <!-- The indexdiv.title template is used so that manual and -->
+ <!-- automatically generated indexdiv titles get the same -->
+ <!-- formatting. -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="indexdiv" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title t:force="1"
+ t:named-template="indexdiv.title"
+ param:title="title"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+ </t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="setindex" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:force="1"
+ t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::setindex[1]"
+ param:pagewide="1"
+ margin-left="0pt"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+ </t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="colophon" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:force="1"
+ t:named-template="component.title"
+ param:node="ancestor-or-self::colophon[1]"
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-size="&hsize5;"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"
+ font-weight="bold"/>
+ <subtitle
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+</t:titlepage>
+
+<!-- ==================================================================== -->
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="table.of.contents" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:force="1"
+ t:named-template="gentext"
+ param:key="'TableofContents'"
+ space-before.minimum="1em"
+ space-before.optimum="1.5em"
+ space-before.maximum="2em"
+ space-after="0.5em"
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-size="&hsize3;"
+ font-weight="bold"
+ font-family="{$title.fontset}"/>
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-content>
+
+ <t:titlepage-separator>
+ </t:titlepage-separator>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="recto">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+
+ <t:titlepage-before t:side="verso">
+ </t:titlepage-before>
+ </t:titlepage>
+
+ <t:titlepage t:element="list.of.tables" t:wrapper="fo:block">
+ <t:titlepage-content t:side="recto">
+ <title
+ t:force="1"
+ t:named-template="gentext"
+ param:key="'ListofTables'"
+ space-before.minimum="1em"
+ space-before.optimum="1.5em"
+ space-before.maximum="2em"
+ space-after="0.5em"
+ margin-left="{$title.margin.left}"
+ font-size="&hsize3;"
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@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
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+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+<!--
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+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
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+ <xsl:include href="../template/section.title.xsl"/>
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+ <xsl:include href="../template/division.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/formal.object.heading.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/embedded_video.xsl"/>
+
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'toaster-manual-style.css'" />
+ <xsl:param name="chapter.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="appendix.autolabel" select="A" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.autolabel" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="section.label.includes.component.label" select="1" />
+ <xsl:param name="generate.id.attributes" select="1" />
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-intro.xml b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-intro.xml
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-intro.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='toaster-manual-intro'>
+<title>Introduction</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Toaster is a web interface to the Yocto Project's
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-system-term'>OpenEmbedded build system</ulink>.
+ The interface enables you to configure and run your builds.
+ Information about builds is collected and stored in a database.
+ You can use Toaster to configure and start builds on multiple
+ remote build servers.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ This release of Toaster does allow you to configure and initiate
+ builds.
+ However, you cannot use Toaster to customize image recipes, which
+ still must either be done by hand or through
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/tools-resources/projects/hob'>Hob</ulink>.
+ As Toaster matures, it eventually will equal and surpass Hob
+ functionality, at which time Hob will be deprecated.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on Hob,
+ see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#image-development-using-hob'>Image Development Using Hob</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <section id='intro-modes'>
+ <title>Toaster Operational Modes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use Toaster in Analysis Mode or Build Mode:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Analysis Mode:</emphasis>
+ In Analysis Mode, you can record builds and statistics.
+ In this Mode, you directly access the
+ <filename>bitbake</filename> command, which you then use to
+ build images.</para>
+ <para>Analysis Mode requires you to have first started
+ Toaster and then to initiate your build using the
+ <filename>bitbake</filename> command from the shell.
+ Toaster must be started before the build or it will not
+ collect build data.</para>
+ <para>Toaster has the following capabilities in
+ Analysis Mode:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ See what was built (recipes and packages) and what
+ packages were installed into your final image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Browse the directory structure of your image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ See the value of all variables in your build
+ configuration, and which files set each value.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Examine error, warning and trace messages to aid
+ in debugging.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ See information about the BitBake tasks executed
+ and reused during your build, including those that
+ used shared state.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ See dependency relationships between recipes,
+ packages and tasks
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ See performance information such as build time,
+ task time, CPU usage, and disk I/O.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build Mode:</emphasis>
+ In Build Mode, Toaster handles the build configuration,
+ scheduling and execution.
+ In this mode, all your interaction with the build system
+ happens through the web interface.
+ You do not have direct access to the
+ <filename>bitbake</filename> command.</para>
+ <para>Using this mode, you configure and start your builds
+ within Toaster's GUI.
+ Each project can be configured for a specific version
+ of the build system.
+ As shipped, Toaster supports Yocto Project Releases 1.7 and
+ beyond.</para>
+ <para>Toaster has all the same capabilities in Build Mode
+ as it does in Analysis Mode plus the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Browse layers listed in the various
+ <link linkend='layer-source'>layer sources</link>
+ that are available in your project (e.g. the
+ OpenEmbedded Metadata Index at
+ <ulink url='http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/'></ulink>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Import your own layers for building.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Add and remove layers from your configuration.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Set configuration variables.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Select a target or multiple targets to build.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Start your builds.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-installation-options'>
+ <title>Installation Options</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You can set Toaster up to run as a local instance or as a shared
+ hosted service.
+ Regardless of how you set up Toaster, both Analysis and Build
+ Modes are available.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When Toaster is set up as a local instance, all the components
+ reside on a single build host.
+ Fundamentally, a local instance of Toaster is suited for a single
+ user developing on a single build host.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/simple-configuration.png" align="center" width="6in" depth="1.5in" />
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Toaster as a hosted service is suited for multiple users
+ developing across several build hosts.
+ When Toaster is set up as a hosted service, its components can
+ be spread across several machines:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/hosted-service.png" align="center" width="6in" depth="3.5in" />
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+<!--THIS EXTRA INFORMATION PROBABLY WILL GO AWAY
+ For additional information on installing and running Toaster, see the
+ "<ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Toaster#Installation_and_Running'>Installation and Running</ulink>"
+ section of the "Toaster" wiki page.
+ For complete information on the API and its search operation
+ URI, parameters, and responses, see the
+ <ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/REST_API_Contracts'>REST API Contracts</ulink>
+ Wiki page.
+ </para>
+-->
+</chapter>
diff --git a/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-reference.xml b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-reference.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c9401f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-reference.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='toaster-manual-reference'>
+
+<title>Concepts and Reference</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In order to configure and use Toaster, you should understand some
+ concepts and have some basic command reference material available.
+ This final chapter provides conceptual information on layer sources,
+ releases, and JSON configuration files.
+ Also provided is a quick look at some useful
+ <filename>manage.py</filename> commands that are Toaster-specific.
+ Information on <filename>manage.py</filename> commands does exist
+ across the Web and the information in this manual by no means
+ attempts to provide a command comprehensive reference.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='layer-source'>
+ <title>Layer Source</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In general, a "layer source" is a source of information about
+ existing layers.
+ In particular, we are concerned with layers that you can use
+ with the Yocto Project and Toaster.
+ This chapter describes a particular type of layer source called
+ a "layer index."
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A layer index is a web application that contains information
+ about a set of custom layers.
+ A good example of an existing layer index is the
+ OpenEmbedded Metadata Index.
+ A public instance of this layer index exists at
+ <ulink url='http://layers.openembedded.org'></ulink>.
+ You can find the code for this layer index's web application at
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/layerindex-web/'></ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you tie a layer source into Toaster, it can query the layer
+ source through a
+ <ulink url='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer'>REST</ulink>
+ API, store the information about the layers in the Toaster
+ database, and then show the information to users.
+ Users are then able to view that information and build layers
+ from Toaster itself without worrying about cloning or editing
+ the BitBake layers configuration file
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Tying a layer source into Toaster is convenient when you have
+ many custom layers that need to be built on a regular basis by
+ a community of developers.
+ In fact, Toaster comes pre-configured with the OpenEmbedded
+ Metadata Index.
+ <note>
+ You do not have to use a layer source to use Toaster.
+ Tying into a layer source is optional.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='layer-source-using-with-toaster'>
+ <title>Setting Up and Using a Layer Source</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To use your own layer source, you need to set up the layer
+ source and then tie it into Toaster.
+ This section describes how to tie into a layer index in a manner
+ similar to the way Toaster ties into the OpenEmbedded Metadata
+ Index.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='understanding-your-layers'>
+ <title>Understanding Your Layers</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The obvious first step for using a layer index is to have
+ several custom layers that developers build and access using
+ the Yocto Project on a regular basis.
+ This set of layers needs to exist and you need to be
+ familiar with where they reside.
+ You will need that information when you set up the
+ code for the web application that "hooks" into your set of
+ layers.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For general information on layers, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp-layers'>BSP Layers</ulink>"
+ and
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#using-the-yocto-projects-bsp-tools'>Using the Yocto Project's BSP Tools</ulink>"
+ sections in the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP)
+ Developer's Guide.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='configuring-toaster-to-hook-into-your-layer-source'>
+ <title>Configuring Toaster to Hook Into Your Layer Index</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you want Toaster to use your layer index, you must host
+ the web application in a server to which Toaster can
+ connect.
+ You also need to give Toaster the information about your
+ layer index.
+ In other words, you have to configure Toaster to use your
+ layer index.
+ This section describes two methods by which you can
+ configure and use your layer index.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the previous section, the code for the OpenEmbedded
+ Metadata Index (i.e.
+ <ulink url='http://layers.openembedded.org'></ulink>) was
+ referenced.
+ You can use this code, which is at
+ <ulink url='http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/layerindex-web/'></ulink>,
+ as a base to create your own layer index.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='use-the-administration-interface'>
+ <title>Use the Administration Interface</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Access the administration interface through a
+ browser by entering the URL of your Toaster instance and
+ adding "<filename>/admin</filename>" to the end of the
+ URL.
+ As an example, if you are running Toaster locally, use
+ the following URL:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The administration interface has a "Layer sources"
+ section that includes an "Add layer source" button.
+ Click that button and provide the required information.
+ Make sure you select "layerindex" as the layer source type.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='select-the-toasterconf-json-file'>
+ <title>Use the <filename>toasterconf.json</filename> File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not want to use the Administration
+ Interface, you can edit the
+ <link linkend='toaster-json-files'><filename>toasterconf.json</filename></link>
+ file and reload it to Toaster.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When you set up Toaster in Build Mode, you are prompted
+ to select a Toaster configuration file.
+ This configuration file is used to set up the initial
+ configuration values within the Toaster database
+ including the layer sources.
+ Three versions of the configuration file exist:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The first version of the file is found in the
+ <filename>conf</filename> directory of the
+ <filename>meta-yocto</filename> layer
+ (i.e.
+ <filename>meta-yocto/conf/toasterconf.json</filename>).
+ This version contains the default Yocto Project
+ configuration for Toaster.
+ You are prompted to select this file during the
+ Toaster set up process if you had cloned the
+ <filename>poky</filename> repository (i.e.
+ <filename>git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The second version of the file is in the
+ <filename>conf</filename> directory of the
+ <filename>openembedded-core</filename> layer
+ (i.e. <filename>meta/conf/toasterconf.json</filename>).
+ This version contains the default OpenEmbedded
+ configuration for Toaster.
+ You are prompted to select this file during the
+ Toaster set up process if you had cloned the
+ <filename>openembedded-core</filename> repository
+ (i.e.
+ <filename>git://git.openembedded.org/openembedded-core</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The third version is a sample configuration
+ useful for when you want to set up a hosted
+ service in Build Mode.
+ You can find this version on the
+ <ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/File:Toasterconf.json.txt.patch'>File:Toasterconf.json.txt.patch</ulink>
+ wiki page.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='edit-the-configuration-file'>
+ <title>Edit the Configuration File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Edit the version of the
+ <filename>toasterconf.json</filename> file you
+ used to set up your Toaster instance.
+ In the file, you will find a section for layer sources
+ such as the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ "layersources": [
+ {
+ "name": "Local Yocto Project",
+ "sourcetype": "local",
+ "apiurl": "../../",
+ "branches": ["HEAD", "master", "fido", "dizzy"],
+ "layers": [
+ {
+ "name": "openembedded-core",
+ "local_path": "meta",
+ "vcs_url": "remote:origin",
+ "dirpath": "meta"
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "meta-yocto",
+ "local_path": "meta-yocto",
+ "vcs_url": "remote:origin",
+ "dirpath": "meta-yocto"
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "meta-yocto-bsp",
+ "local_path": "meta-yocto-bsp",
+ "vcs_url": "remote:origin",
+ "dirpath": "meta-yocto-bsp"
+ }
+
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "OpenEmbedded",
+ "sourcetype": "layerindex",
+ "apiurl": "http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/api/",
+ "branches": ["master", "fido", "dizzy"]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "Imported layers",
+ "sourcetype": "imported",
+ "apiurl": "",
+ "branches": ["master", "fido", "dizzy", "HEAD"]
+
+ }
+ ],
+ </literallayout>
+ You should add your own layer source to this section by
+ following the same format used for the "OpenEmbedded"
+ layer source shown above.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Give your layer source a name, provide the URL of your
+ layer source API, use the source type "layerindex", and
+ indicate which branches from your layer source you want
+ to make available through Toaster.
+ For example, the OpenEmbedded layer source makes
+ available only its "master", "fido", and "dizzy"
+ branches.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The branches must match the branch you
+ set when configuring your releases.
+ For example, if you configure one release in Toaster
+ by setting its branch to "branch-one" and you configure
+ another release in Toaster by setting its branch to
+ "branch-two", the branches in your layer source should
+ be "branch-one" and "branch-two" as well.
+ Doing so creates a connection between the releases
+ and the layer information from your layer source.
+ Thus, when users create a project with a given
+ release, they will see the appropriate layers from
+ your layer source.
+ This connection ensures that only layers that are
+ compatible with the selected project release can be
+ selected for building.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you have added this information to the
+ <filename>toasterconf.json</filename> file, save your
+ changes.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In a terminal window, navigate to the directory that
+ contains the Toaster database, which by default is the
+ root of the Yocto Project
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ Once you are located in that directory, run the
+ "<filename>loadconf</filename>" command, which takes as
+ an argument the full path to the
+ <filename>toasterconf.json</filename> file you just edited.
+ For example, if you cloned the
+ <filename>poky</filename> repository and you edited the
+ <filename>meta-yocto/conf/toasterconf.json</filename> file,
+ you would type something like the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py loadconf /home/scottrif/poky/meta-yocto/conf/toasterconf.json
+ </literallayout>
+ After entering this command, you need to update the
+ Toaster database with the information coming from your
+ new layer source.
+ To do that, you should run the
+ "<filename>lsupdates</filename>" command from the directory
+ that contains the Toaster database.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py lsupdates
+ </literallayout>
+ If Toaster can reach the API URL, you should see a message
+ telling you that Toaster is updating the layer source
+ information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once the information has been updated, verify the new layer
+ information is available by using the Toaster web interface.
+ To do that, visit the "All compatible layers" page inside a
+ Toaster project.
+ The layers from your layer source should be listed there.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-releases'>
+ <title>Releases</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When you create a Toaster project using the web interface,
+ you are asked to choose a "Release."
+ In the context of Toaster, the term "Release" refers to a set of
+ layers and a BitBake version the OpenEmbedded build system uses
+ to build something.
+ As shipped, Toaster is pre-configured with releases that
+ correspond to Yocto Project release branches.
+ However, you can modify, delete, and create new releases
+ according to your needs.
+ This section provides some background information on releases.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='toaster-releases-supported'>
+ <title>Pre-Configured Releases</title>
+
+ <para>
+ As shipped, Toaster is configured to use a specific set of
+ releases.
+ Of course, you can always configure Toaster to use any
+ release.
+ For example, you might want your project to build against a
+ specific commit of any of the "out-of-the-box" releases.
+ Or, you might want your project to build against different
+ revisions of OpenEmbedded and BitBake.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ As shipped, Toaster is configured to work with the following
+ releases:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Yocto Project 1.7 "Dizzy" or OpenEmbedded "Dizzy":</emphasis>
+ This release causes your Toaster projects to
+ build against the head of the dizzy branch at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/log/?h=dizzy'></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='http://git.openembedded.org/openembedded-core/commit/?h=dizzy'></ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Yocto Project 1.8 "Fido" or OpenEmbedded "Fido":</emphasis>
+ This release causes your Toaster projects to
+ build against the head of the fido branch at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/log/?h=fido'></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='http://git.openembedded.org/openembedded-core/commit/?h=fido'></ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Yocto Project "Master" or OpenEmbedded "Master":</emphasis>
+ This release causes your Toaster Projects to
+ build against the head of the master branch, which is
+ where active development takes place, at
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/log/'></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url='http://git.openembedded.org/openembedded-core/log/'></ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Local Yocto Project or Local OpenEmbedded:</emphasis>
+ This release causes your Toaster Projects to
+ build against the head of the <filename>poky</filename>
+ or <filename>openembedded-core</filename> clone you
+ have local to the machine running Toaster.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-releases-comprised-of'>
+ <title>What Makes Up a Release?</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A release consists of the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Name:</emphasis>
+ The name of the release (<filename>name</filename>).
+ This release name never appears in the the Toaster
+ web interface.
+ Consequently, a user never sees the release name.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Description:</emphasis>
+ The textual description of the release
+ (<filename>description</filename>).
+ This description is what users encounter when creating
+ projects with the Toaster web interface.
+ When you configure your release, be sure to use
+ a description that sufficiently describes and is
+ understandable.
+ If Toaster has more than one release configured, the
+ release descriptions appear listed in a drop down menu
+ when a user creates a new project.
+ If Toaster has only one release configured, all
+ projects created using the web interface take that
+ release and the drop down menu does not display in the
+ Toaster web interface.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>BitBake:</emphasis>
+ The Bitbake version (<filename>bitbake</filename>)
+ used to build layers set in the current release.
+ This version is described by a name, a Git URL, a
+ branch in the Git URL, and a directory path in the
+ Git repository.
+ As an example, consider the following snippet from
+ a Toaster JSON configuration file.
+ This BitBake version uses the master branch from the
+ OpenEmbedded repository:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ "bitbake" : [
+ {
+ "name": "master",
+ "giturl": "git://git.openembedded.org/bitbake",
+ "branch": "master",
+ "dirpath": ""
+ }
+ ]
+ </literallayout>
+ Here is more detail on each of the items that comprise
+ the BitBake version:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Name:</emphasis>
+ A string
+ (<filename>name</filename>) used to refer to
+ the version of BitBake you are using with
+ Toaster.
+ This name is never exposed through Toaster.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Git URL:</emphasis>
+ The URL (<filename>giturl</filename>)
+ for the BitBake Git repository cloned
+ for Toaster projects.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Branch:</emphasis>
+ The Git branch, or revision,
+ (<filename>branch</filename>) of the BitBake
+ repository used with Toaster.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Directory Path:</emphasis>
+ The sub-directory of the BitBake repository
+ (<filename>dirpath</filename>).
+ If the Git URL includes more than one
+ repository, you need to set this directory.
+ If the URL does not include more than a single
+ repository, you can set
+ <filename>dirpath</filename> to a null string
+ (i.e. "").
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Branch:</emphasis>
+ The branch for the layer source
+ (<filename>branch</filename>) used with the release.
+ For example, for the OpenEmbedded layer source, the
+ "master", "fido", and "dizzy" branches are available.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Default Layers:</emphasis>
+ The set of default layers
+ (<filename>defaultlayers</filename>) automatically
+ added to the project configuration when a project is
+ created.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Layer Source Priorities</emphasis>
+ A specification of
+ <link linkend='layer-source'>layer source</link>
+ priorities (<filename>layersourcepriority</filename>).
+ In order for Toaster to work as intended, the
+ "Imported layers" layer source should have the highest
+ priority, which means that layers manually imported by
+ users with the "Import layer" functionality will
+ always be visible and available for selection.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Help Text:</emphasis>
+ Help text (<filename>helptext</filename>) that explains
+ what the release does when selected.
+ This help text appears below the release drop-down
+ menu when you create a Toaster project.
+ The help text should assist users in making the correct
+ decision regarding the release to use for a given
+ project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To summarize what comprises a release, consider the following
+ example from a Toaster JSON file.
+ The configuration names the release "master" and uses the
+ "master" branch provided by the layer source of type
+ "layerindex", which is called "OpenEmbedded", and sets
+ the <filename>openembedded-core</filename> layer as the one
+ to be added by default to any projects created in Toaster.
+ The BitBake version used would be defined as shown earlier
+ in the previous list:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ "releases": [
+ {
+ "name": "master",
+ "description": "OpenEmbedded master",
+ "bitbake": "master",
+ "branch": "master",
+ "defaultlayers": [ "openembedded-core" ],
+ "layersourcepriority": { "Imported layers": 99, "Local OpenEmbedded" : 10, "OpenEmbedded" : 0 },
+ "helptext": "Toaster will run your builds using the OpenEmbedded master branch, where active development takes place. This is not a stable branch, so your builds might not work as expected."
+ }
+ ]
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-json-files'>
+ <title>JSON Files</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you are going to be using Toaster in Build Mode, it must
+ be initially configured before use.
+ Configuration customizes layer source settings and Toaster defaults
+ for all users and is performed by the person responsible for
+ Toaster Configuration (i.e the Toaster Administrator).
+ The Toaster Administrator performs this configuration through the
+ Django administration interface.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To make it easier to initially start Toaster, you can import a
+ pre-defined configuration file using the
+ <link linkend='toaster-command-loadconf'><filename>loadconf</filename></link>
+ command.
+ <note>
+ The configuration file is a JSON-formatted text file with
+ specific fields that Toaster recognizes.
+ It is not a data dump from the database, so it cannot be
+ loaded directly in the database.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ By convention, the supplied configuration files are named
+ <filename>toasterconf.json</filename>.
+ The Toaster Administrator can customize the file prior to loading
+ it into Toaster.
+ When you set up Toaster locally to run in Build Mode, the system
+ startup script actively looks for compatible configuration files
+ and prompts you to select a file to load if it detects that the
+ database has not been configured.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='json-file-choices'>
+ <title>Configuration File Choices</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Three versions of the configuration file exist:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The
+ <filename>meta-yocto/conf/toasterconf.json</filename>
+ in the <filename>conf</filename> directory of the
+ Yocto Project's <filename>meta-yocto</filename> layer.
+ This version contains the default Yocto Project
+ configuration for Toaster.
+ You are prompted to select this file during the Toaster
+ set up process if you cloned the
+ <filename>poky</filename> repository (i.e.
+ <filename>&YOCTO_GIT_URL;/poky</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>meta/conf/toasterconf.json</filename>
+ in the <filename>conf</filename> directory of the
+ OpenEmbedded's <filename>openembedded-core</filename>
+ layer.
+ This version contains the default OpenEmbedded
+ configuration for Toaster.
+ You are prompted to select this file during the Toaster
+ set up process if you had cloned the
+ <filename>openembedded-core</filename> repository (i.e.
+ <filename>git://git.openembedded.org/openembedded-core</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ The <filename>Toasterconf.json.txt.patch</filename>
+ located on the
+ <ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/File:Toasterconf.json.txt.patch'>File:Toasterconf.json.txt.patch</ulink>
+ wiki page.
+ This version of the file is useful as a sample
+ configuration for when you want to set up Toaster as a
+ hosted service in Build Mode.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='json-structure'>
+ <title>File Structure</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>toasterconf.json</filename> file consists of
+ easily readable areas: configuration, layer sources, BitBake,
+ default release, and releases.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='json-config-area'>
+ <title>Configuration Area</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This area of the JSON file sets which variables are exposed
+ to users through the Toaster web interface.
+ Users can easily edit these variables.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The variables you set here are displayed in the
+ "Configuration variables" page in Toaster.
+ Minimally, you should set the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ variable, which appears to users as part of the project
+ page in Toaster.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is the default <filename>config</filename> area:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ "config": {
+ "MACHINE" : "qemux86",
+ "DISTRO" : "poky",
+ "IMAGE_FSTYPES": "ext3 jffs2 tar.bz2",
+ "IMAGE_INSTALL_append": "",
+ "PACKAGE_CLASSES": "package_rpm",
+ "SDKMACHINE" : "x86_64"
+ },
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='json-layersources-area'>
+ <title>Layer Sources Area</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This area of the JSON file defines the
+ <link linkend='layer-source'>layer sources</link>
+ Toaster uses.
+ Toaster reads layer information from layer sources.
+ Three types of layer sources exist that Toaster
+ recognizes: Local, LayerIndex, and Imported.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Local layer source reads layers from Git clones
+ available on your local drive.
+ Using a local layer source enables you to easily test
+ Toaster.
+ <note>
+ If you are setting up a hosted version of Toaster,
+ it does not make sense to have a local layer source.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The LayerIndex layer source uses a REST API exposed by
+ instances of the Layer Index application (e.g the public
+ <ulink url='http://layers.openembedded.org/'></ulink>)
+ to read layer data.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The Imported layer source is reserved for layer data
+ manually introduced by the user or Toaster Administrator
+ through the GUI.
+ This layer source lets users import their own layers
+ and build them with Toaster.
+ You should not remove the imported layer source.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is the default <filename>layersources</filename> area:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ "layersources": [
+ {
+ "name": "Local Yocto Project",
+ "sourcetype": "local",
+ "apiurl": "../../",
+ "branches": ["HEAD", "master", "fido", "dizzy"],
+ "layers": [
+ {
+ "name": "openembedded-core",
+ "local_path": "meta",
+ "vcs_url": "remote:origin",
+ "dirpath": "meta"
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "meta-yocto",
+ "local_path": "meta-yocto",
+ "vcs_url": "remote:origin",
+ "dirpath": "meta-yocto"
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "meta-yocto-bsp",
+ "local_path": "meta-yocto-bsp",
+ "vcs_url": "remote:origin",
+ "dirpath": "meta-yocto-bsp"
+ }
+
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "OpenEmbedded",
+ "sourcetype": "layerindex",
+ "apiurl": "http://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/api/",
+ "branches": ["master", "fido", "dizzy"]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "Imported layers",
+ "sourcetype": "imported",
+ "apiurl": "",
+ "branches": ["master", "fido", "dizzy", "HEAD"]
+
+ }
+ ],
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='json-bitbake-area'>
+ <title>BitBake Area</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This area of the JSON file defines the version of
+ BitBake Toaster uses.
+ As shipped, Toaster is configured to recognize four
+ versions of BitBake: master, fido, dizzy, and HEAD.
+ <note>
+ HEAD is a special option that builds whatever is
+ available on disk, without checking out any remote
+ Git repositories.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is the default <filename>bitbake</filename> area:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ "bitbake" : [
+ {
+ "name": "master",
+ "giturl": "remote:origin",
+ "branch": "master",
+ "dirpath": "bitbake"
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "fido",
+ "giturl": "remote:origin",
+ "branch": "fido",
+ "dirpath": "bitbake"
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "dizzy",
+ "giturl": "remote:origin",
+ "branch": "dizzy",
+ "dirpath": "bitbake"
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "HEAD",
+ "giturl": "remote:origin",
+ "branch": "HEAD",
+ "dirpath": "bitbake"
+ }
+ ],
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='json-default-area'>
+ <title>Default Area</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This area of the JSON file establishes a default
+ release used by Toaster.
+ As shipped, Toaster uses the "master" release.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is the statement in the JSON file that establishes
+ the default release:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ "defaultrelease": "master",
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='json-releases-area'>
+ <title>Releases Area</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This area of the JSON file defines the versions of the
+ OpenEmbedded build system Toaster recognizes.
+ As shipped, Toaster is configured to work with the four
+ releases described in the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-releases-supported'>Pre-Configured Releases</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is the default <filename>releases</filename> area:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ "releases": [
+ {
+ "name": "master",
+ "description": "Yocto Project master",
+ "bitbake": "master",
+ "branch": "master",
+ "defaultlayers": [ "openembedded-core", "meta-yocto", "meta-yocto-bsp"],
+ "layersourcepriority": { "Imported layers": 99, "Local Yocto Project" : 10, "OpenEmbedded" : 0 },
+ "helptext": "Toaster will run your builds using the tip of the <a href=\"http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/log/\">Yocto Project master branch</a>, where active development takes place. This is not a stable branch, so your builds might not work as expected."
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "fido",
+ "description": "Yocto Project 1.8 Fido",
+ "bitbake": "fido",
+ "branch": "fido",
+ "defaultlayers": [ "openembedded-core", "meta-yocto", "meta-yocto-bsp"],
+ "layersourcepriority": { "Imported layers": 99, "Local Yocto Project" : 10, "OpenEmbedded" : 0 },
+ "helptext": "Toaster will run your builds with the tip of the <a href=\"http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/log/?h=fido\">Yocto Project 1.8 \"Fido\"</a> branch."
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "dizzy",
+ "description": "Yocto Project 1.7 Dizzy",
+ "bitbake": "dizzy",
+ "branch": "dizzy",
+ "defaultlayers": [ "openembedded-core", "meta-yocto", "meta-yocto-bsp"],
+ "layersourcepriority": { "Imported layers": 99, "Local Yocto Project" : 10, "OpenEmbedded" : 0 },
+ "helptext": "Toaster will run your builds with the tip of the <a href=\"http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/log/?h=dizzy\">Yocto Project 1.7 \"Dizzy\"</a> branch."
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "local",
+ "description": "Local Yocto Project",
+ "bitbake": "HEAD",
+ "branch": "HEAD",
+ "defaultlayers": [ "openembedded-core", "meta-yocto", "meta-yocto-bsp"],
+ "layersourcepriority": { "Imported layers": 99, "Local Yocto Project" : 10, "OpenEmbedded" : 0 },
+ "helptext": "Toaster will run your builds with the version of the Yocto Project you have cloned or downloaded to your computer."
+ }
+ ]
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-useful-commands'>
+ <title>Useful Commands</title>
+
+ <para>
+ In addition to the web user interface and the scripts that start
+ and stop Toaster, command-line commands exist through the
+ <filename>manage.py</filename> management script.
+ You can find general documentation on
+ <filename>manage.py</filename> at the
+ <ulink url='https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/settings/'>Django</ulink>
+ site.
+ However, several <filename>manage.py</filename> commands have been
+ created that are specific to Toaster and are used to control
+ configuration and back-end tasks.
+ You can locate these commands in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ (e.g. <filename>poky</filename>) at
+ <filename>bitbake/lib/manage.py</filename>.
+ This section documents those commands.
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ When using <filename>manage.py</filename> commands given
+ a default configuration, you must be sure that your
+ working directory is set to the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>.
+ Using <filename>manage.py</filename> commands from the
+ Build Directory allows Toaster to find the
+ <filename>toaster.sqlite</filename> file, which is located
+ in the Build Directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For non-default database configurations, it is possible
+ that you can use <filename>manage.py</filename> commands
+ from a directory other than the Build directory.
+ To do so, the
+ <filename>toastermain/settings.py</filename> file must be
+ configured to point to the correct database backend.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='toaster-command-buildslist'>
+ <title><filename>buildslist</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>buildslist</filename> command lists all builds
+ that Toaster has recorded.
+ Access the command as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py buildslist
+ </literallayout>
+ The command returns a list, which includes numeric
+ identifications, of the builds that Toaster has recorded in the
+ current database.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You need to run the <filename>buildslist</filename> command
+ first to identify existing builds in the database before
+ using the
+ <link linkend='toaster-command-builddelete'><filename>builddelete</filename></link>
+ command.
+ Here is an example that assumes default repository and build
+ directory names:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~/poky/build
+ $ python ../bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py buildslist
+ </literallayout>
+ If your Toaster database had only one build, the above
+ <filename>buildslist</filename> command would return something
+ like the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ 1: qemux86 poky core-image-minimal
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-command-builddelete'>
+ <title><filename>builddelete</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>builddelete</filename> command deletes data
+ associated with a build.
+ Access the command as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py builddelete <replaceable>build_id</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ The command deletes all the build data for the specified
+ <replaceable>build_id</replaceable>.
+ This command is useful for removing old and unused data from
+ the database.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Prior to running the <filename>builddelete</filename>
+ command, you need to get the ID associated with builds
+ by using the
+ <link linkend='toaster-command-buildslist'><filename>buildslist</filename></link>
+ command.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-command-perf'>
+ <title><filename>perf</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>perf</filename> command measures Toaster
+ performance.
+ Access the command as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py perf
+ </literallayout>
+ The command is a sanity check that returns page loading
+ times in order to identify performance problems.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-command-checksettings'>
+ <title><filename>checksettings</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>checksettings</filename> command verifies
+ existing Toaster settings.
+ Access the command as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py checksettings
+ </literallayout>
+ In Build Mode, Toaster uses settings that are based on the
+ database to configure the building tasks.
+ The <filename>checksettings</filename> command verifies that
+ the database settings are valid in the sense that they have
+ the minimal information needed to start a build.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In order for the <filename>checksettings</filename> command
+ to work, the database must be correctly set up and not have
+ existing data.
+ To be sure the database is ready, you can run the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/mana​ge.py syncdb
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/mana​ge.py migrate orm
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/mana​ge.py migrate bldcontrol
+ </literallayout>
+ After running these commands, you can run the
+ <filename>checksettings</filename> command.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-command-loadconf'>
+ <title><filename>loadconf</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>loadconf</filename> command loads an
+ existing Toaster configuration file (JSON file).
+ You must run this on a new database that does not have any
+ data.
+ Running this command on an existing database that has data
+ results in errors.
+ Access the command as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py loadconf <replaceable>filepath</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>loadconf</filename> command configures a database
+ based on the supplied existing
+ <filename>toasterconf.json</filename> file.
+ For information on the <filename>toasterconf.json</filename>,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-json-files'>JSON Files</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-command-runbuilds'>
+ <title><filename>runbuilds</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <filename>runbuilds</filename> command launches
+ scheduled builds.
+ Access the command as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py runbuilds
+ </literallayout>
+ The <filename>runbuilds</filename> command checks if
+ scheduled builds exist in the database and then launches them
+ per schedule.
+ The command returns after the builds start but before they
+ complete.
+ The Toaster Logging Interface records and updates the database
+ when the builds complete.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-setup-and-use.xml b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-setup-and-use.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..869d249
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-setup-and-use.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1024 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='toaster-manual-setup-and-use'>
+
+<title>Setting Up and Using Toaster</title>
+
+ <section id='using-toaster-in-analysis-mode'>
+ <title>Using Toaster in Analysis Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes how to use Toaster in Analysis Mode
+ after setting Toaster up as a local instance or as a hosted
+ service.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='setting-up-locally-and-running-in-analysis-mode'>
+ <title>Setting Up Locally and Running in Analysis Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Follow these steps to set up a local instance of Toaster and
+ then run in Analysis Mode:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Prepare your Build System:</emphasis>
+ Be sure your system has the Toaster requirements
+ by following the steps in the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-establishing-toaster-system-dependencies'>Establishing Toaster System Dependencies</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Get Set Up to Use the Yocto Project:</emphasis>
+ Get the requirements set up so that you can use the
+ Yocto Project to build images.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Quick Start for information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Source your Build Environment Setup Script:</emphasis>
+ From your
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ (e.g. <filename>poky/build</filename>), source the build
+ environment setup script
+ <ulink url="&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script"><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url="&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script"><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Start Toaster:</emphasis>
+ From the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
+ start Toaster:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source toaster start
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Start Your Build Using BitBake:</emphasis>
+ Use the <filename>bitbake</filename> command to start your
+ build.
+ Here is an example that builds the
+ <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> image:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake core-image-minimal
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Open Your Browser:</emphasis>
+ Open your browser and visit
+ <filename>http://host:port/toastergui</filename>.
+ For host and port values, see the output of the
+ <filename>source toaster start</filename> command.
+ For information on how to use Toaster, see the
+ "<link linkend='using-the-toaster-web-interface'>Using the Toaster Web Interface</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='setting-up-a-hosted-service-and-running-in-analysis-mode'>
+ <title>Setting Up a Hosted Service and Running in Analysis Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A hosted service resides on a shared server and allows
+ multiple users to take advantage of Toaster.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In a production environment, you might want to have multiple
+ local instances of the Toaster Logging Interface running on
+ various remote build machines, and have those local instances
+ access and use a single web server.
+ To do this, you need to do the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Maintain a common SQL database.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Set up separate instances of BitBake servers
+ and Toaster Logging Interfaces for each of those
+ separate BitBake servers.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The common SQL database allows the Web server to show data from
+ all the various BitBake builds.
+ Setting the SQL database outside of any
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ maintains a separation between the various builds.
+ The BitBake servers, the SQL server, and the Web server or
+ servers can be run on separate machines.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Follow these steps to set up and run a hosted service and run
+ Toaster in Analysis Mode:
+ <note>
+ The steps assume a Toaster installation path of
+ <filename>/opt/bitbake/</filename>.
+ </note>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Prepare your Build System:</emphasis>
+ Be sure your system has the Toaster requirements
+ by following the steps in the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-establishing-toaster-system-dependencies'>Establishing Toaster System Dependencies</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Get Set Up to Use the Yocto Project:</emphasis>
+ Get the requirements set up so that you can use the
+ Yocto Project to build images.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Quick Start for information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Install and Set up the Database Server:</emphasis>
+ You can use any SQL server out of the box.
+ It is recommended that you use
+ <filename>mysql-server</filename> because it has
+ the advantages of advanced SQL features along with a
+ fast and reliable database.
+ However, setting up <filename>mysql-server</filename>
+ is more complex and might require a Database
+ Administrator to tune it.</para>
+ <para>Another supported database backend is
+ <filename>sqlite3</filename>.
+ With <filename>sqlite3</filename>, you have the
+ advantage of no configuration and an easy installation.
+ However, Toaster still requires direct access to the
+ backend.
+ The <filename>sqlite</filename> backend is also slower
+ as compared to <filename>mysql-server</filename>, and
+ has no transactional support.</para>
+ <para>You should set up proper username and password
+ access on the shared database for everyone that will
+ be using Toaster.
+ You need administrator rights for the root account,
+ which is not the same thing as root access on the
+ machine.
+ Here is an example that installs
+ <filename>mysql-server</filename> and sets up
+ some user accounts and the database.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ apt-get install mysql-server
+ $ mysql -u root
+ mysql> CREATE USER 'newuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
+ mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON * . * TO 'newuser'@'localhost';
+ mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON * . * TO 'newuser'@'localhost';
+ mysql> CREATE DATABASE 'toaster';
+ </literallayout>
+ You need a separate clone of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-repositories'>Source Repositories</ulink>
+ for the Database Server.
+ This clone is only used for getting the latest Toaster
+ files.
+ You can set this up using the following Git command.
+ Be sure to set up the directory outside of any
+ Build Directories.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
+ </literallayout>
+ In the separately cloned tree for the Database Server,
+ edit the
+ <filename>bitbake/lib/toaster/toastermain/settings.py</filename>
+ file so that the <filename>DATABASES</filename> value
+ points to the previously created database server.
+ Use the username and password established
+ earlier.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cat /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/toastermain/settings.py
+ ...
+ DATABASES = {
+ 'default': {
+ 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
+ 'NAME': 'toaster',
+ 'USER': 'newuser',
+ 'PASSWORD': 'password',
+ 'HOST': '192.168.0.25',
+ 'PORT': '3306',
+ }
+ ...
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Install and Set Up the Web Server:</emphasis>
+ For a production environment, it is recommended that
+ you install and set up a front-end web server.
+ This server allows for load balancing and
+ multi-threading over Toaster and
+ <ulink url='https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/howto/deployment/wsgi/'><filename>django</filename> WSGI</ulink>.
+ Here is an example that uses Apache web server.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi
+ $ a2enmod wsgi
+ $ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
+
+ ...
+
+ # the WSGIPythonPath is global
+ WSGIPythonPath /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/
+
+ ...
+
+ #snip - in VirtualHost
+ WSGIScriptAlias / /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/toastermain/wsgi.py
+
+ <Directory //opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/toastermain/>
+ <Files wsgi.py>
+ Require all granted
+ </Files>
+ </Directory>
+
+ ...
+ </literallayout>
+ You need to collect static media from Toaster and
+ continue configuring Apache to serve that static
+ media:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ mkdir /var/www.html/static && cd /var/www.html/static
+ $ /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py collectstatic
+ $ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
+
+ ...
+
+ # in VirtualHost, AHEAD of the WSGIScriptAlias definition
+ Alias /static/ /var/www.html/static/
+
+ <Directory /var/www.html/static/>
+ Require all granted
+ </Directory>
+
+ ...
+
+ WSGIScript Alias / /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/toastermain/wsgi.py
+
+ ...
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Start Toaster:</emphasis>
+ Synchronize the databases for toaster, and then start
+ up the web server.
+ Here is an example that continues with the assumed
+ components from the previous steps:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py syncdb
+ $ /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py migrate orm
+ $ /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py migrate bldcontrol
+
+ $ service apache2 restart
+ </literallayout>
+ You can find general documentation on
+ <filename>manage.py</filename> at the
+ <ulink url='https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/django-admin/'>Django</ulink>
+ site.
+ For reference information on Toaster-specific
+ <filename>manage.py</filename> commands,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-useful-commands'>Useful Commands</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Enable Build Logging to the Common SQL Server for Each Build Directory you are Using:</emphasis>
+ You need to make sure that the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-toaster'><filename>toaster</filename></ulink>
+ class and build history are enabled.
+ This is done in a
+ <filename>toaster.conf</filename> file that is
+ created automatically by the toaster
+ <filename>start</filename> command,
+ and that lives inside the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>
+ in <filename>/conf/toaster.conf</filename>.</para>
+ <para>That file should include the following line:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "toaster buildhistory"
+ </literallayout>
+ For information on build history, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#maintaining-build-output-quality'>Maintaining Build Output Quality</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development
+ Manual.</para>
+ <para>You also need to point to the database that you set
+ up in step 3.
+ You can do this by exporting the <filename>DATABASE_URL</filename>
+ variable as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ export DATABASE_URL=mysql://newuser:password@192.168.0.25:3306/toaster
+ </literallayout>
+ This example assumes that you are using
+ <filename>mysql-server</filename>.
+ The IP address should be the IP address of your
+ database server.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Source your Build Environment Setup Script:</emphasis>
+ From your
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ on each of the build systems,
+ (e.g. <filename>poky/build</filename>), source the
+ build environment setup script (i.e.
+ <ulink url="&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script"><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ or
+ <ulink url="&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script"><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Start the BitBake Server:</emphasis>
+ Start the BitBake server using the following command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake --postread conf/toaster.conf --server-only -t xmlrpc -B localhost:0 && export BBSERVER=localhost:-1
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Start the Logging Server:</emphasis>
+ Start the Toaster Logging Interface using the following
+ command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ nohup bitbake --observe-only -u toasterui >toaster_ui.log &
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ No hard-coded ports are used in the BitBake options
+ as there is enough code to run
+ <filename>autodiscovery</filename> for BitBake
+ ports.
+ Doing so prevents collisions.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Start Builds Using BitBake:</emphasis>
+ Use the <filename>bitbake</filename> command to start a
+ build on a build system.
+ Here is an example that builds the
+ <filename>core-image-minimal</filename> image:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake core-image-minimal
+ </literallayout>
+ When you are finished with a build in a given
+ Build Directory, be sure to <filename>kill</filename>
+ the BitBake server for that build area:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake -m
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For information on how to use the Toaster web interface,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='using-the-toaster-web-interface'>Using the Toaster Web Interface</link>"
+ section.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-toaster-in-build-mode'>
+ <title>Using Toaster in Build Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This section describes how to use Toaster in Build Mode
+ after setting Toaster up as a local instance or as a hosted
+ service.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='setting-up-locally-and-running-in-build-mode'>
+ <title>Setting Up Locally and Running in Build Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Follow these steps to set up a local instance of Toaster and
+ then run in Build Mode:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Prepare your Build System:</emphasis>
+ Be sure your system has the Toaster requirements
+ by following the steps in the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-establishing-toaster-system-dependencies'>Establishing Toaster System Dependencies</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Get Set Up to Use the Yocto Project:</emphasis>
+ Get the requirements set up so that you can use the
+ Yocto Project to build images.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Quick Start for information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Start Toaster:</emphasis>
+ From the root of the source directory (e.g
+ <filename>poky/</filename>), run the following command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/bin/toaster
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create a Superuser:</emphasis>
+ Django will ask you if you want to create a superuser.
+ You can skip this step, but it is recommended that you
+ create a superuser.
+ You can use the superuser to access the Django
+ administration interface and make changes to the
+ Toaster configuration.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Select the Build Log Directory:</emphasis>
+ Toaster asks you to specify the directory where you
+ want to store the build log files.
+ Choosing a directory for these files makes sure they
+ are always available to you.
+ If you do not choose a directory, the logs can
+ disappear (e.g. deleting the Build Directory).</para>
+ <para>When Toaster prompts you for the Build Log
+ directory, you can select the suggested default
+ or provide a path to a different directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Specify the Layer Checkout Directory:</emphasis>
+ Toaster asks you to specify the directory into which
+ layers are checked out.
+ Toaster clones any layers needed for your builds
+ inside this directory.</para>
+ <para>When Toaster prompts you for the Layer
+ checkout directory, you can select the suggested
+ default or provide a path to a different directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Specify the Build Directory Path:</emphasis>
+ Toaster asks you to specify the path to the
+ Build Directory.
+ You can select the suggested default or provide a
+ path to a different directory.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Choose Whether or not to Import a Default Toaster Configuration File:</emphasis>
+ Toaster asks you if you want to import a default
+ Toaster configuration file.
+ Toaster configurations are stored in
+ JSON files called
+ <filename>toasterconf.json</filename>.
+ For information on JSON files, see the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-json-files'>JSON Files</link>"
+ section.</para>
+ <para>You can skip importing a configuration file
+ by entering "0" at the prompt.
+ However, it is recommended that you import one of the
+ configuration files listed during this step.
+ You can always amend the imported configuration during
+ a later stage through the Django administration
+ interface.</para>
+ <para>For general information on Django, see the
+ available
+ <ulink url='https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/'>documentation</ulink>.
+ You can also find information on Toaster-specific
+ <filename>manage.py</filename> commands in the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-useful-commands'>Useful Commands</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Open the Browser:</emphasis>
+ If no browser window appears, open your favorite
+ browser and enter the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ http://localhost:8000/toastergui
+ </literallayout>
+ You can now use the Toaster web interface.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='setting-up-a-hosted-service-and-running-in-build-mode'>
+ <title>Setting Up a Hosted Service and Running in Build Mode</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Follow these steps to set up a hosted service and run Toaster
+ in Build Mode:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Prepare your Build System:</emphasis>
+ Be sure your system has the Toaster requirements
+ by following the steps in the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-establishing-toaster-system-dependencies'>Establishing Toaster System Dependencies</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Get Set Up to Use the Yocto Project:</emphasis>
+ Get the requirements set up so that you can use the
+ Yocto Project to build images.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Quick Start for information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Be Sure Management is Enabled:</emphasis>
+ If you are running Toaster under Apache, you need to
+ be sure management is enabled.
+ To enable management, set
+ <filename>MANAGED</filename> to "True" by adding
+ the following to the
+ <filename>bitbake/lib/toaster/settings.py</filename>
+ file:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ MANAGED="True"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Set Up Toaster for Normal Usage:</emphasis>
+ You need to configure each build environment, layer
+ sources, and BitBake versions.</para>
+ <para>Verify that your releases have been loaded correctly by
+ using the Toaster web interface to create a new
+ project.
+ Check the "Releases" dropdown menu to be sure your
+ newly specified releases exist.</para>
+ <para>If you want to use the administration interface
+ for this step, here is a set of example commands
+ with some descriptions as an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # Create the user under which the builds will run
+ $ adduser poky
+
+ # Bring up the administration interface
+ $xdg-open http://<replaceable>server-address</replaceable>/admin/
+
+ # Login with the admin user previously created
+
+ # Go to the BuildEnvironment object in Build Environments and
+ # set address to local host, sourcedir to /home/poky, and
+ # builddir to /home/pokybuild.
+ #
+ # Save your changes and exit
+
+ # Go to Home, Layer Sources and select add Layer Source
+ # Name: OpenEmbedded, Sourcetype: layerindex,
+ # Apiurl: http://layers openembedded.org/layerindex/api/
+ # Save your changes and exit
+
+ # Go to Home, Bitbake Versions, Add bitbake version;
+ # Take version information from: http://git.openembedded.org/bitbake/refs/heads,
+ # This example assumes "master" version.
+ # set Name: master, Giturl git://git.openembedded.org/bitbake
+ # branch master, dirpath /
+ # Save your changes and exit
+ </literallayout>
+ You also need to configure the project releases, the
+ default variables, and update information from the
+ layer index.
+ Continuing with the example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # Go to Home, Releases, Add release
+ # set Name: master, Description: Current master release, select Bitbake Version,
+ # and Branch: master
+ # Save your changes and exit
+
+ # Go to Home, Toaster Settings, select the Setting for DEFAULT_RELEASE
+ # set Helptext: This selects the default release., Value: master
+ # Save your changes and exit
+
+ # Go to Home, Bitbake Versions, Add bitbake version;
+ # take version information from : http://git.openembedded.org/bitbake/refs/heads,
+ # this manual assumes the master version
+ # set Name: master, Giturl git://git.openembedded.org/bitbake
+ # branch master, dirpath /
+ # Save your changes and exit
+
+ # Update the information
+ # bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py lsupdates
+ </literallayout>
+ For reference information on Toaster-specific
+ <filename>manage.py</filename> commands, see the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-useful-commands'>Useful Commands</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Install and Set up the Database Server:</emphasis>
+ You can use any SQL server out of the box.
+ It is recommended that you use
+ <filename>mysql-server</filename> because it has
+ the advantages of advanced SQL features along with a
+ fast and reliable database.
+ However, setting up <filename>mysql-server</filename>
+ is more complex and might require a Database
+ Administrator to tune it.</para>
+ <para>Another supported database backend is
+ <filename>sqlite3</filename>.
+ With <filename>sqlite3</filename>, you have the
+ advantage of no configuration and an easy installation.
+ However, Toaster still requires direct access to the
+ backend.
+ The <filename>sqlite</filename> backend is also slower
+ as compared to <filename>mysql-server</filename>, and
+ has no transactional support.</para>
+ <para>You should set up proper username and password
+ access on the shared database for everyone that will
+ be using Toaster.
+ You need administrator rights for the root account,
+ which is not the same thing as root access on the
+ machine.
+ Here is an example that installs
+ <filename>mysql-server</filename> and sets up
+ some user accounts and the database.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ apt-get install mysql-server
+ $ mysql -u root
+ mysql> CREATE USER 'newuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
+ mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON * . * TO 'newuser'@'localhost';
+ mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON * . * TO 'newuser'@'localhost';
+ mysql> CREATE DATABASE 'toaster';
+ </literallayout>
+ You need a separate clone of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-repositories'>Source Repositories</ulink>
+ for the Database Server.
+ This clone is only used for getting the latest Toaster
+ files.
+ You can set this up using the following Git command.
+ Be sure to set up the directory outside of any
+ Build Directories.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
+ </literallayout>
+ In the separately cloned tree for the Database Server,
+ edit the
+ <filename>bitbake/lib/toaster/toastermain/settings.py</filename>
+ file so that the <filename>DATABASES</filename> value
+ points to the previously created database server.
+ Use the username and password established
+ earlier.
+ Here is an example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cat /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/toastermain/settings.py
+ ...
+ DATABASES = {
+ 'default': {
+ 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
+ 'NAME': 'toaster',
+ 'USER': 'newuser',
+ 'PASSWORD': 'password',
+ 'HOST': '192.168.0.25',
+ 'PORT': '3306',
+ }
+ ...
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create the Database</emphasis>
+ Use the following commands to create the default
+ database structure:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py syncdb
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py migrate orm
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py migrate bldcontrol
+ </literallayout>
+ The interface asks you if you want to create a
+ superuser.
+ Do not skip this step.
+ You will use the superuser account to access the
+ administration interface and make changes to the
+ Toaster configuration.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Select Where the Build Process Takes Place:</emphasis>
+ You need to create three directories for storing
+ build artifacts, downloading sources, and running
+ builds.
+ All three directories need to be writable by
+ the user, which is "poky" in this example.
+ The build artifacts directory needs to readable by the
+ apache user.
+ You also need free disk space in the range of
+ 100 Gbytes.
+ Following are three suggested directories:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ /home/poky/buildartifacts/
+ /home/poky/build/
+ /home/poky/sources/
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Set Up the <filename>toasterconf.json</filename> File:</emphasis>
+ <ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/File:Toasterconf.json.txt.patch'>Download the hosted <filename>toasterconf.json</filename> file</ulink>
+ from the Yocto Project wiki and edit it to suit your
+ environment.
+ For information on the relevant sections of the file,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-json-files'>JSON Files</link>"
+ section.</para>
+ <para>After editing the file, load it by running
+ the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py loadconf path-to-toasterconf.json-file
+ </literallayout>
+ For reference information on Toaster-specific
+ <filename>manage.py</filename>, see the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-useful-commands'>Useful Commands</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Check the Toaster Settings:</emphasis>
+ Configure the build environment by running the
+ following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py checksettings
+ </literallayout>
+ When prompted, paste in the directory paths created
+ previously during Step 7.
+ For reference information on Toaster-specific
+ <filename>manage.py</filename>, see the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-useful-commands'>Useful Commands</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Install and Set Up the Web Server:</emphasis>
+ For a production environment, it is recommended that
+ you install and set up a front-end web server.
+ This server allows for load balancing and
+ multi-threading over Toaster and
+ <ulink url='https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/howto/deployment/wsgi/'><filename>django</filename> WSGI</ulink>.
+ Here is an example that uses Apache web server:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi
+ $ a2enmod wsgi
+ $ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
+
+ ...
+
+ # the WSGIPythonPath is global
+ WSGIPythonPath /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/
+
+ ...
+
+ #snip - in VirtualHost
+ WSGIScriptAlias / /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/toastermain/wsgi.py
+
+ <Directory //opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/toastermain/>
+ <Files wsgi.py>
+ Require all granted
+ </Files>
+ </Directory>
+
+ ...
+ </literallayout>
+ You need to collect static media from Toaster and
+ continue configuring Apache to serve that static
+ media:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ mkdir /var/www.html/static && cd /var/www.html/static
+ $ /opt bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py collectstatic
+ $ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
+
+ ...
+
+ # in VirtualHost, AHEAD of the WSGIScriptAlias definition
+ Alias /static/ /var/www.html/static/
+
+ <Directory /var/www.html/static/>
+ Require all granted
+ </Directory>
+
+ ...
+
+ WSGIScript Alias / /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/toastermain/wsgi.py
+
+ ...
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Start Toaster:</emphasis>
+ Synchronize the databases for Toaster, and then start
+ up the web server.
+ Here is an example that continues with the assumed
+ components from the previous steps:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py syncdb
+ $ /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py migrate orm
+ $ /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py migrate bldcontrol
+
+ $ service apache2 restart
+ </literallayout>
+ For reference information on the
+ <filename>manage.py</filename> commands used here,
+ see the
+ "<link linkend='toaster-useful-commands'>Useful Commands</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Set up Build Control and Open the Web Interface:</emphasis>
+ You need to run the build control manager.
+ You can do this as shown in the following example:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ # as the "poky" user, start the runbuilds command in a loop (or put it in crontab!)
+ $ sudo -i -u poky
+ $ while true; do /opt/bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py runbuilds; sleep 10; done
+
+ # open up the web interface
+ $ xdg-open http://[server-address]/toastergui/
+ </literallayout>
+ It is suggested that you enable build control by
+ setting <filename>runbuilds</filename> in the
+ <filename>crontab</filename> as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ crontab -l
+ * * * * * /opt/bitbake/lit/toaster/manage.py runbuilds
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Open the Browser:</emphasis>
+ Once the Apache server is running, connect to it with
+ your favorite browser and verify that the Toaster
+ interface comes up:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ http://localhost:8000/toastergui
+ </literallayout>
+ You can track accesses and errors in the Apache
+ service logs.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='using-the-toaster-web-interface'>
+ <title>Using the Toaster Web Interface</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Toaster web interface allows you to do the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Browse published layers in the
+ <ulink url='http://layers.openembedded.org'>OpenEmbedded Metadata Index</ulink>
+ that are available for your selected version of the build
+ system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Import your own layers for building.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Add and remove layers from your configuration.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Set configuration variables.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Select a target or multiple targets to build.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Start your builds.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ See what was built (recipes and packages) and what
+ packages were installed into your final image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Browse the directory structure of your image.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ See the value of all variables in your build configuration,
+ and which files set each value.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Examine error, warning and trace messages to aid in
+ debugging.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ See information about the BitBake tasks executed and
+ reused during your build, including those that used
+ shared state.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ See dependency relationships between recipes, packages
+ and tasks.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ See performance information such as build time, task time,
+ CPU usage, and disk I/O.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ Following are several videos that show how to use the Toaster GUI:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build Configuration:</emphasis>
+ This
+ <ulink url='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYgDZ8YzV6w'>video</ulink>
+ overviews and demonstrates build configuration for Toaster.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Toaster Homepage and Table Controls:</emphasis>
+ This
+ <ulink url='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEARDnrR1Xw'>video</ulink>
+ goes over the Toaster entry page, and provides
+ an overview of the data manipulation capabilities of
+ Toaster, which include search, sorting and filtering by
+ different criteria.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build Dashboard:</emphasis>
+ This
+ <ulink url='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKqHYcnp2gE'>video</ulink>
+ shows you the build dashboard, a page providing an
+ overview of the information available for a selected build.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Image Information:</emphasis>
+ This
+ <ulink url='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XqYGFsmA0Rw'>video</ulink>
+ walks through the information Toaster provides
+ about images: packages installed and root file system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Configuration:</emphasis>
+ This
+ <ulink url='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UW-j-T2TzIg'>video</ulink>
+ provides Toaster build configuration information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Tasks:</emphasis>
+ This
+ <ulink url='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4-9vGSxQtw'>video</ulink>
+ shows the information Toaster provides about the
+ tasks run by the build system.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Recipes and Packages Built:</emphasis>
+ This
+ <ulink url='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-6dx4huNnw'>video</ulink>
+ shows the information Toaster provides about recipes
+ and packages built.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Performance Data:</emphasis>
+ This
+ <ulink url='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWGMrJoqusQ'>video</ulink>
+ shows the build performance data provided by
+ Toaster.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+<!--
+ <section id='toaster-gui-vids-1'>
+ <title>Toaster Homepage and Table Controls</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This video goes over the Toaster entry page, and provides
+ an overview of the data manipulation capabilities of Toaster,
+ which include search, sorting and filtering by different
+ criteria.
+ <mediaobject>
+ <videoobject>
+ <videodata width="640" height="480" fileref="http://www.youtube.com/v/QEARDnrR1Xw"></videodata>
+ </videoobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-gui-vids-2'>
+ <title>Build Dashboard</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This video shows you the build dashboard, a page providing an
+ overview of the information available for a selected build.
+ <mediaobject>
+ <videoobject>
+ <videodata width="640px" height="480px" fileref="http://www.youtube.com/v/KKqHYcnp2gE"></videodata>
+ </videoobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-gui-vids-3'>
+ <title>Image Information</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This video walks through the information Toaster provides
+ about images: packages installed and root file system.
+ <mediaobject>
+ <videoobject>
+ <videodata width="640px" height="480px" fileref="http://www.youtube.com/v/XqYGFsmA0Rw"></videodata>
+ </videoobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-gui-vids-4'>
+ <title>Configuration</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This video shows the information Toaster provides about build
+ configuration.
+ <mediaobject>
+ <videoobject>
+ <videodata width="640px" height="480px" fileref="http://www.youtube.com/v/UW-j-T2TzIg"></videodata>
+ </videoobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-gui-vids-5'>
+ <title>Tasks</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This video shows the information Toaster provides about the
+ tasks run by the build system.
+ <mediaobject>
+ <videoobject>
+ <videodata width="640px" height="480px" fileref="http://www.youtube.com/v/D4-9vGSxQtw"></videodata>
+ </videoobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-gui-vids-6'>
+ <title>Recipes and Packages Built</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This video shows the information Toaster provides about recipes
+ and packages built.
+ <mediaobject>
+ <videoobject>
+ <videodata width="640px" height="480px" fileref="http://www.youtube.com/v/x-6dx4huNnw"></videodata>
+ </videoobject>
+ </mediaobject>qYgDZ8YzV6w
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ <section id='toaster-gui-vids-7'>
+ <title>Performance Data</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This video shows the build performance data provided by
+ Toaster.
+ <mediaobject>
+ <videoobject>
+ <videodata width="640px" height="480px" fileref="http://www.youtube.com/v/qWGMrJoqusQ"></videodata>
+ </videoobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+-->
+</chapter>
diff --git a/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-start.xml b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-start.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbdb5ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-start.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<chapter id='toaster-manual-start'>
+
+<title>Preparing to Use Toaster</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This chapter describes how you need to prepare your system in order to
+ use Toaster.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='toaster-setting-up-the-basic-system-requirements'>
+ <title>Setting Up the Basic System Requirements</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You first need to be sure your build system is set up to run
+ the Yocto Project.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;#yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Quick Start for information on how
+ to set up your system for the Yocto Project.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-establishing-toaster-system-dependencies'>
+ <title>Establishing Toaster System Dependencies</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Toaster requires extra Python dependencies in order to run.
+ A Toaster requirements file named
+ <filename>toaster-requirements.txt</filename> defines the
+ Python dependencies.
+ The requirements file is located in the
+ <filename>bitbake</filename> directory, which is located in the
+ root directory of the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ (e.g. <filename>poky/bitbake/toaster-requirements.txt</filename>).
+ The dependencies appear in a <filename>pip</filename>,
+ install-compatible format.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id='toaster-optional-virtual-environment'>
+ <title>Optionally Setting Up a Python Virtual Environment</title>
+
+ <para>
+ It is highly recommended that you use a Python virtual
+ environment that allows you to maintain a dedicated Python
+ executable and its own set of installed modules.
+ Doing so separates the executable from the Python and modules
+ provided by the operating system and therefore avoids any
+ version conflicts.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Follow these steps to set up your virtual environment.
+ These steps assume a Ubuntu distribution:
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Install <filename>virtualenv</filename>:</emphasis>
+ Install the supported
+ <filename>python-virtualenv</filename> package from your
+ distribution rather than using <filename>pip</filename>.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create and Activate a Virtual Environment:</emphasis>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ virtualenv venv
+ $ source venv/bin/activate
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ <note>
+ If you do choose to set up a virtual environment in
+ which to run Toaster, you must initialize that
+ virtual environment each time you want to start
+ Toaster.
+ Use the following to initialize the environment just
+ before you start Toaster:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source venv/bin/activate
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='toaster-load-packages'>
+ <title>Install Toaster Packages</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You need to install the packages that Toaster requires.
+ Use this command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ pip install -r bitbake/toaster-requirements.txt
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+<!-- Commenting this section out for now in case it needs to be used again.
+
+ <section id='toaster-install-daemon'>
+ <title>Install <filename>daemon</filename></title>
+
+ <para>
+ Toaster depends on
+ <ulink url='http://www.libslack.org/daemon/'><filename>daemon</filename></ulink>.
+ Depending on your distribution, how you install
+ <filename>daemon</filename> differs:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Debian-Based Systems:</emphasis>
+ If you are running a Debian-based distribution,
+ install <filename>daemon</filename> using the
+ following command:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo apt-get install daemon​
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Non-Debian-Based Systems:</emphasis>
+ If you are not running a Debian-based distribution
+ (Redhat-based distribution such as Fedora),
+ you need to download ​the file relevant to the
+ architecture and then install
+ <filename>daemon</filename> manually.
+ Following are the commands for 64-bit distributions:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wget http://libslack.org/daemon/download/daemon-0.6.4-1.x86_64.rpm
+ $ sudo rpm -i daemon-0.6.4-1.x86_64.rpm
+ </literallayout>
+ Here are the commands for a 32-bit distribution:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ wget http://libslack.org/daemon/download/daemon-0.6.4-1.i686.rpm
+ $ sudo rpm -i ​daemon-0.6.4-1.i686.rpm​
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section> -->
+ </section>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-style.css b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d6b9fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual-style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+/*
+ Generic XHTML / DocBook XHTML CSS Stylesheet.
+
+ Browser wrangling and typographic design by
+ Oyvind Kolas / pippin@gimp.org
+
+ Customised for Poky by
+ Matthew Allum / mallum@o-hand.com
+
+ Thanks to:
+ Liam R. E. Quin
+ William Skaggs
+ Jakub Steiner
+
+ Structure
+ ---------
+
+ The stylesheet is divided into the following sections:
+
+ Positioning
+ Margins, paddings, width, font-size, clearing.
+ Decorations
+ Borders, style
+ Colors
+ Colors
+ Graphics
+ Graphical backgrounds
+ Nasty IE tweaks
+ Workarounds needed to make it work in internet explorer,
+ currently makes the stylesheet non validating, but up until
+ this point it is validating.
+ Mozilla extensions
+ Transparency for footer
+ Rounded corners on boxes
+
+*/
+
+
+ /*************** /
+ / Positioning /
+/ ***************/
+
+body {
+ font-family: Verdana, Sans, sans-serif;
+
+ min-width: 640px;
+ width: 80%;
+ margin: 0em auto;
+ padding: 2em 5em 5em 5em;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h7 {
+ font-family: Arial, Sans;
+ color: #00557D;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+h1 {
+ font-size: 2em;
+ text-align: left;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ margin: 2em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ margin: 0.10em 0em 3.0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.8em;
+ padding-left: 20%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ margin: 2em 0em 0.66em 0em;
+ padding: 0.5em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.5em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h3.subtitle {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 142.14%;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 140%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 120%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h6 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.authorgroup {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ padding-top: 256px;
+ background-image: url("figures/toaster-title.png");
+ background-position: left top;
+ margin-top: -256px;
+ padding-right: 50px;
+ margin-left: 0px;
+ text-align: right;
+ width: 740px;
+}
+
+h3.author {
+ margin: 0em 0me 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ color: #333;
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+ color: #00557D;
+}
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+}
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+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
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+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 2.6em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
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+}
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+ font-weight: normal;
+ width: 20em;
+ text-align: right;
+}
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+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+}
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+ margin-top: -1em;
+ margin-left: 25.5em;
+}
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+}
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+ text-align: left;
+}
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+ margin-bottom: 0em;
+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+ margin: 0px;
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+}
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+/* This style defines how the permalink character
+ appears by itself and when hovered over with
+ the mouse. */
+
+[alt='Permalink'] { color: #eee; }
+[alt='Permalink']:hover { color: black; }
+
+
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informalexample,
+div.informaltable,
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example {
+ margin: 1em 0em;
+ padding: 1em;
+ page-break-inside: avoid;
+}
+
+
+div.informalfigure p.title b,
+div.informalexample p.title b,
+div.informaltable p.title b,
+div.figure p.title b,
+div.example p.title b,
+div.table p.title b{
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+ margin-top: 0em;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+}
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+ text-align: center;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+ padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
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+ padding-left: 55%;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+.epigraph p {
+ text-align: left;
+}
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+.epigraph .quote {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
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+ font-style: normal;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+span.application {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.programlisting {
+ font-family: monospace;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ white-space: pre;
+ margin: 1.33em 0em;
+ padding: 1.33em;
+}
+
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ margin-top: 1em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+
+}
+
+/* force full width of table within div */
+.tip table,
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+.caution table,
+.note table {
+ border: none;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ padding: 0.8em 0.0em 0.0em 0.0em;
+ margin : 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.tip p,
+.warning p,
+.caution p,
+.note p {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+ padding-right: 1em;
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.acronym {
+ text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ padding: 0.09em 0.3em;
+ margin: 0em;
+}
+
+.itemizedlist li {
+ clear: none;
+}
+
+.filename {
+ font-size: medium;
+ font-family: Courier, monospace;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ position: absolute;
+ left: 0em;
+ top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+ background-color: #cdf;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ position: fixed;
+ left: 0em;
+ bottom: 0em;
+ background-color: #eee;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader td,
+div.navfooter td {
+ font-size: 66%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table th {
+ /*font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;*/
+ /*font-size: x-large;*/
+ font-size: 80%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-bottom: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a,
+div.navfooter table td a {
+ color: #777;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/* normal text in the footer */
+div.navfooter table td {
+ color: black;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a:visited,
+div.navfooter table td a:visited {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+
+/* links in header and footer */
+div.navheader table td a:hover,
+div.navfooter table td a:hover {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ background-color: transparent;
+ color: #33a;
+}
+
+div.navheader hr,
+div.navfooter hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+.qandaset tr.question td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.qandaset tr.answer td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+.answer td {
+ padding-bottom: 1.5em;
+}
+
+.emphasis {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+ /************* /
+ / decorations /
+/ *************/
+
+.titlepage {
+}
+
+.part .title {
+}
+
+.subtitle {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+/*
+h1 {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ border-top: solid 0.2em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ border-top: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ border: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+*/
+
+.programlisting {
+ border: solid 1px;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
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+div.informalexample,
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+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+
+.tip,
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+.note {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
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+}
+
+.question td {
+ border-top: 1px solid black;
+}
+
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+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
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+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ border-bottom: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ border-top: 1px solid;
+}
+
+ /********* /
+ / colors /
+/ *********/
+
+body {
+ color: #333;
+ background: white;
+}
+
+a {
+ background: transparent;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+ background-color: #dedede;
+}
+
+
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7,
+h8 {
+ background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+
+.tip, .warning, .caution, .note {
+ border-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ border-bottom-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.warning {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.caution {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.tip {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.note {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ color: #044;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+pre.programlisting {
+ color: black;
+ background-color: #fff;
+ border-color: #aaa;
+ border-width: 2px;
+}
+
+.guimenu,
+.guilabel,
+.guimenuitem {
+ background-color: #eee;
+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ background-color: #eee;
+ border-color: #999;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+ /*********** /
+ / graphics /
+/ ***********/
+
+/*
+body {
+ background-image: url("images/body_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.navheader,
+.note,
+.tip {
+ background-image: url("images/note_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.warning,
+.caution {
+ background-image: url("images/warning_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.figure,
+.informalfigure,
+.example,
+.informalexample,
+.table,
+.informaltable {
+ background-image: url("images/figure_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+*/
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7{
+}
+
+/*
+Example of how to stick an image as part of the title.
+
+div.article .titlepage .title
+{
+ background-image: url("figures/white-on-black.png");
+ background-position: center;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+}
+*/
+
+div.preface .titlepage .title,
+div.colophon .title,
+div.chapter .titlepage .title,
+div.article .titlepage .title
+{
+}
+
+div.section div.section .titlepage .title,
+div.sect2 .titlepage .title {
+ background: none;
+}
+
+
+h1.title {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ height: 256px;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+ width: 0px;
+ display: none;
+}
+
+ /*************************************** /
+ / pippin.gimp.org specific alterations /
+/ ***************************************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ color: #777;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding: 0;
+ margin: 0;
+ text-align: left;
+ position: absolute;
+ top: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+ width: 100%;
+ height: 50px;
+ background: url('/gfx/heading_bg.png') transparent;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+ border: none;
+}
+
+div.heading a {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ border: none;
+ color: #ddd;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ text-align:right;
+
+ width: 100%;
+ padding-top: 10px;
+ position: absolute;
+ bottom: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+
+ background: url('/gfx/footing_bg.png') transparent;
+}
+*/
+
+
+
+ /****************** /
+ / nasty ie tweaks /
+/ ******************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+ margin-left:expression("-5em");
+}
+body {
+ padding:expression("4em 5em 0em 5em");
+}
+*/
+
+ /**************************************** /
+ / mozilla vendor specific css extensions /
+/ ****************************************/
+/*
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ -moz-opacity: 0.8em;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample,
+div.example,
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.5em;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.3em;
+}
+*/
+
+table tr td table tr td {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+table {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+
+ .photo {
+ float: right;
+ margin-left: 1.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ max-width: 17em;
+ border: 1px solid gray;
+ padding: 3px;
+ background: white;
+}
+ .seperator {
+ padding-top: 2em;
+ clear: both;
+ }
+
+ #validators {
+ margin-top: 5em;
+ text-align: right;
+ color: #777;
+ }
+ @media print {
+ body {
+ font-size: 8pt;
+ }
+ .noprint {
+ display: none;
+ }
+ }
+
+
+.tip,
+.note {
+ background: #f0f0f2;
+ color: #333;
+ padding: 20px;
+ margin: 20px;
+}
+
+.tip h3,
+.note h3 {
+ padding: 0em;
+ margin: 0em;
+ font-size: 2em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+.tip a,
+.note a {
+ color: #333;
+ text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.footnote {
+ font-size: small;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+/* Changes the announcement text */
+.tip h3,
+.warning h3,
+.caution h3,
+.note h3 {
+ font-size:large;
+ color: #00557D;
+}
diff --git a/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual.xml b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dac6d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/toaster-manual/toaster-manual.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<book id='toaster-manual' lang='en'
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
+ xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ >
+ <bookinfo>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref='figures/toaster-title.png'
+ format='SVG'
+ align='left' scalefit='1' width='100%'/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ <title>
+ Toaster User Manual
+ </title>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Scott</firstname> <surname>Rifenbark</surname>
+ <affiliation>
+ <orgname>Intel Corporation</orgname>
+ </affiliation>
+ <email>scott.m.rifenbark@intel.com</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+
+ <revhistory>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.8</revnumber>
+ <date>April 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.8 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.9</revnumber>
+ <date>October 2015</date>
+ <revremark>Released with the Yocto Project 1.9 Release.</revremark>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>©RIGHT_YEAR;</year>
+ <holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <legalnotice>
+ <para>
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
+ the terms of the <ulink type="http" url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales</ulink> as published by Creative Commons.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ For the latest version of this manual associated with this
+ Yocto Project release, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;'>Toaster User Manual</ulink>
+ from the Yocto Project website.
+ </note>
+
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ </bookinfo>
+
+ <xi:include href="toaster-manual-intro.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="toaster-manual-start.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="toaster-manual-setup-and-use.xml"/>
+
+ <xi:include href="toaster-manual-reference.xml"/>
+
+</book>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
diff --git a/documentation/tools/eclipse-help.sed b/documentation/tools/eclipse-help.sed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38690bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/tools/eclipse-help.sed
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Processes poky-ref-manual and yocto-project-qs manual (<word>-<word>-<word> style)
+# For example:
+# "ulink" href="http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.3/poky-ref-manual/poky-ref-manual.html#faq"
+# -> "link" href="../poky-ref-manual/faq.html"
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/[^\/]*\/\([a-z]*-[a-z]*-[a-z]*\)\/[a-z]*-[a-z]*-[a-z]*.html#\([^\"]*\)\"/\"link\" href=\"\.\.\/\1\/\2.html\"/g
+
+# Processes all other manuals (<word>-<word> style)
+# For example:
+# "ulink" href="http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.3/kernel-manual/kernel-manual.html#faq"
+# -> "link" href="../kernel-manual/faq.html"
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/[^\/]*\/\([a-z]*-[a-z]*\)\/[a-z]*-[a-z]*.html#\([^\"]*\)\"/\"link\" href=\"\.\.\/\1\/\2.html\"/g
+
+# Process cases where just an external manual is referenced without an id anchor
+# For example:
+# "ulink" href="http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/1.3/kernel-manual/kernel-manual.html
+# -> "link" href="../kernel-manual/index.html"
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/[^\/]*\/\([a-z]*-[a-z]*-[a-z]*\)\/[a-z]*-[a-z]*-[a-z]*.html\"/\"link\" href=\"\.\.\/\1\/index.html\"/g
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/[^\/]*\/\([a-z]*-[a-z]*\)\/[a-z]*-[a-z]*.html\"/\"link\" href=\"\.\.\/\1\/index.html\"/g
diff --git a/documentation/tools/mega-manual.sed b/documentation/tools/mega-manual.sed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bec40b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/tools/mega-manual.sed
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Processes poky-ref-manual and yocto-project-qs manual (<word>-<word>-<word> style).
+# This style is for manual folders like "yocto-project-qs" and "poky-ref-manual".
+# This is the old way that did it. Can't do that now that we have "bitbake-user-manual" strings
+# in the mega-manual.
+# s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/[a-z]*-[a-z]*-[a-z]*\/[a-z]*-[a-z]*-[a-z]*.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/yocto-project-qs\/yocto-project-qs.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/poky-ref-manual\/poky-ref-manual.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+
+# Processes all other manuals (<word>-<word> style) except for the BitBake User Manual because
+# it is not included in the mega-manual.
+# This style is for manual folders that use two word, which is the standard now (e.g. "ref-manual").
+# This was the one-liner that worked before we introduced the BitBake User Manual, which is
+# not in the mega-manual.
+# s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/[a-z]*-[a-z]*\/[a-z]*-[a-z]*.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/adt-manual\/adt-manual.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/bsp-guide\/bsp-guide.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/dev-manual\/dev-manual.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/kernel-dev\/kernel-dev.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/profile-manual\/profile-manual.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/ref-manual\/ref-manual.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/toaster-manual\/toaster-manual.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+s/\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/yocto-project-qs\/yocto-project-qs.html#/\"link\" href=\"#/g
+
+# Process cases where just an external manual is referenced without an id anchor
+s/<a class=\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/yocto-project-qs\/yocto-project-qs.html\" target=\"_top\">Yocto Project Quick Start<\/a>/Yocto Project Quick Start/g
+s/<a class=\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/dev-manual\/dev-manual.html\" target=\"_top\">Yocto Project Development Manual<\/a>/Yocto Project Development Manual/g
+s/<a class=\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/adt-manual\/adt-manual.html\" target=\"_top\">Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide<\/a>/Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide/g
+s/<a class=\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/bsp-guide\/bsp-guide.html\" target=\"_top\">Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide<\/a>/Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide/g
+s/<a class=\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/profile-manual\/profile-manual.html\" target=\"_top\">Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual<\/a>/Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual/g
+s/<a class=\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/kernel-dev\/kernel-dev.html\" target=\"_top\">Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual<\/a>/Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual/g
+s/<a class=\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/ref-manual\/ref-manual.html\" target=\"_top\">Yocto Project Reference Manual<\/a>/Yocto Project Reference Manual/g
+s/<a class=\"ulink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yoctoproject.org\/docs\/1.9\/toaster-manual\/toaster-manual.html\" target=\"_top\">Toaster User Manual<\/a>/Toaster User Manual/g
diff --git a/documentation/tools/poky-docbook-to-pdf b/documentation/tools/poky-docbook-to-pdf
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f55fd27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/tools/poky-docbook-to-pdf
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+if [ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ]; then
+ echo "usage: [-v] $0 <docbook file> <templatedir>"
+ echo
+ echo "*NOTE* you need xsltproc, fop and nwalsh docbook stylesheets"
+ echo " installed for this to work!"
+ echo
+ exit 0
+fi
+
+FO=`echo $1 | sed s/.xml/.fo/` || exit 1
+PDF=`echo $1 | sed s/.xml/.pdf/` || exit 1
+TEMPLATEDIR=$2
+
+##
+# These URI should be rewritten by your distribution's xml catalog to
+# match your localy installed XSL stylesheets.
+XSL_BASE_URI="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current"
+
+# Creates a temporary XSL stylesheet based on titlepage.xsl
+xsltproc -o /tmp/titlepage.xsl \
+ --xinclude \
+ $XSL_BASE_URI/template/titlepage.xsl \
+ $TEMPLATEDIR/titlepage.templates.xml || exit 1
+
+# Creates the file needed for FOP
+xsltproc --xinclude \
+ --stringparam hyphenate false \
+ --stringparam formal.title.placement "figure after" \
+ --stringparam ulink.show 1 \
+ --stringparam body.font.master 9 \
+ --stringparam title.font.master 11 \
+ --stringparam draft.watermark.image "$TEMPLATEDIR/draft.png" \
+ --stringparam chapter.autolabel 1 \
+ --stringparam appendix.autolabel A \
+ --stringparam section.autolabel 1 \
+ --stringparam section.label.includes.component.label 1 \
+ --output $FO \
+ $TEMPLATEDIR/poky-db-pdf.xsl \
+ $1 || exit 1
+
+# Invokes the Java version of FOP. Uses the additional configuration file common/fop-config.xml
+fop -c $TEMPLATEDIR/fop-config.xml -fo $FO -pdf $PDF || exit 1
+
+rm -f $FO
+rm -f /tmp/titlepage.xsl
+
+echo
+echo " #### Success! $PDF ready. ####"
+echo
diff --git a/documentation/tools/update-documentation-conf b/documentation/tools/update-documentation-conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f8d280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/tools/update-documentation-conf
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+# documentation.conf update script
+#
+# Author: Paul Eggleton <paul.eggleton@linux.intel.com>
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2015 Intel Corporation
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+# published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+
+import sys
+import os
+import argparse
+import re
+from lxml import etree
+import logging
+
+def logger_create(name):
+ logger = logging.getLogger(name)
+ loggerhandler = logging.StreamHandler()
+ loggerhandler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(levelname)s: %(message)s"))
+ logger.addHandler(loggerhandler)
+ logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+ return logger
+logger = logger_create('docconfupdater')
+
+def main():
+ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="documentation.conf updater")
+ parser.add_argument('basepath', help='Path to OE-Core base directory')
+ parser.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', help='Print only warnings/errors', action='store_true')
+
+ args = parser.parse_args()
+
+ if args.quiet:
+ logger.setLevel(logging.WARN)
+
+ if not os.path.isdir(args.basepath):
+ logger.error('Specified base path %s not found')
+ return 1
+
+ doc_conf = os.path.join(args.basepath, 'meta', 'conf', 'documentation.conf')
+ if not os.path.exists(doc_conf):
+ logger.error('Unable to find %s' % doc_conf)
+ return 1
+
+ allowed_flags = ['doc']
+ flag_re = re.compile(r'\[(.+?)\]')
+
+ infos = {}
+ tree = etree.parse('ref-manual/ref-variables.xml')
+ root = tree.getroot()
+ for glossary in root.findall('glossary'):
+ for glossdiv in glossary.findall('glossdiv'):
+ for glossentry in glossdiv.findall('glossentry'):
+ info = glossentry.find('info')
+ if info is not None:
+ infoline = ' '.join(info.text.split())
+ infolinesplit = infoline.split('=', 1)
+ if len(infoline) < 2:
+ logger.warn('Invalid info line (no = character), ignoring: %s' % infoline)
+ continue
+ flags = flag_re.findall(infolinesplit[0])
+ if not flags:
+ logger.warn('Invalid info line (no varflag), ignoring: %s' % infoline)
+ continue
+ for flag in flags:
+ if flag not in allowed_flags:
+ logger.warn('Invalid info line (varflag %s not in allowed list), ignoring: %s' % (flag, infoline))
+ continue
+ infos[infolinesplit[0].rstrip()] = infolinesplit[1].lstrip()
+
+ if not infos:
+ logger.error('ERROR: Unable to find any info tags in the glossary')
+ return 1
+
+ def sortkey(key):
+ # Underscores sort undesirably, so replace them
+ return key.split('[')[0].replace('_', '-')
+
+ changed = False
+ lines = []
+ invars = False
+ lastletter = None
+ added = []
+ with open(doc_conf, 'r') as dcf:
+ for line in dcf:
+ if not invars:
+ if line.startswith('#') and 'DESCRIPTIONS FOR VARIABLES' in line:
+ invars = True
+ elif not line.startswith('#'):
+ linesplit = line.split('=', 1)
+ if len(linesplit) > 1:
+ key = linesplit[0].rstrip()
+ lastletter = key[0]
+ # Find anything in the dict that should come before the current key
+ for dkey in sorted(infos.keys()):
+ if sortkey(dkey) < sortkey(key):
+ lines.append('%s = %s\n' % (dkey, infos[dkey]))
+ added.append(dkey)
+ del infos[dkey]
+ changed = True
+ newvalue = infos.get(key, None)
+ if newvalue:
+ del infos[key]
+ if newvalue != linesplit[1].strip():
+ lines.append('%s = %s\n' % (key, newvalue))
+ changed = True
+ continue
+ elif key in added:
+ # We already added a new value for this key, so skip it
+ continue
+ elif lastletter:
+ # Ensure we write out anything anything left over for this letter
+ for dkey in sorted(infos.keys()):
+ if dkey[0] == lastletter:
+ lines.append('%s = %s\n' % (dkey, infos[dkey]))
+ del infos[dkey]
+ changed = True
+ elif dkey[0] > lastletter:
+ # List is sorted, so we're done
+ break
+ lastletter = None
+ lines.append(line)
+
+ if not invars:
+ logger.error('ERROR: Unable to find variables section in documentation.conf')
+ return 1
+
+ if infos:
+ changed = True
+ # Write out anything left over
+ lines.append('\n\n')
+ for key in sorted(infos.keys()):
+ lines.append('%s = %s\n' % (key, infos[key]))
+
+ if changed:
+ logger.info('Updating %s' % doc_conf)
+ with open(doc_conf, 'w') as dcf:
+ for line in lines:
+ dcf.write(line)
+ else:
+ logger.info('No changes required')
+
+ return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+ try:
+ ret = main()
+ except Exception:
+ ret = 1
+ import traceback
+ traceback.print_exc(5)
+ sys.exit(ret)
+
+
diff --git a/documentation/yocto-project-qs/figures/yocto-environment.png b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/figures/yocto-environment.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82b7a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/figures/yocto-environment.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/documentation/yocto-project-qs/figures/yocto-project-transp.png b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/figures/yocto-project-transp.png
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..31d2b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/figures/yocto-project-transp.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/documentation/yocto-project-qs/qs-style.css b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/qs-style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..235c85a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/qs-style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,983 @@
+/*
+ Generic XHTML / DocBook XHTML CSS Stylesheet.
+
+ Browser wrangling and typographic design by
+ Oyvind Kolas / pippin@gimp.org
+
+ Customised for Poky by
+ Matthew Allum / mallum@o-hand.com
+
+ Thanks to:
+ Liam R. E. Quin
+ William Skaggs
+ Jakub Steiner
+
+ Structure
+ ---------
+
+ The stylesheet is divided into the following sections:
+
+ Positioning
+ Margins, paddings, width, font-size, clearing.
+ Decorations
+ Borders, style
+ Colors
+ Colors
+ Graphics
+ Graphical backgrounds
+ Nasty IE tweaks
+ Workarounds needed to make it work in internet explorer,
+ currently makes the stylesheet non validating, but up until
+ this point it is validating.
+ Mozilla extensions
+ Transparency for footer
+ Rounded corners on boxes
+
+*/
+
+
+ /*************** /
+ / Positioning /
+/ ***************/
+
+body {
+ font-family: Verdana, Sans, sans-serif;
+
+ min-width: 640px;
+ width: 80%;
+ margin: 0em auto;
+ padding: 2em 5em 5em 5em;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h7 {
+ font-family: Arial, Sans;
+ color: #00557D;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+h1 {
+ font-size: 2em;
+ text-align: left;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ margin: 2em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ margin: 0.10em 0em 3.0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.8em;
+ padding-left: 20%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ margin: 2em 0em 0.66em 0em;
+ padding: 0.5em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 1.5em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h3.subtitle {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 142.14%;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 140%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 120%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h6 {
+ margin: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.authorgroup {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ padding-top: 256px;
+ background-position: top;
+ margin-top: -256px;
+ padding-right: 50px;
+ margin-left: 50px;
+ text-align: center;
+ width: 600px;
+}
+
+h3.author {
+ margin: 0em 0me 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ color: #333;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.author tt.email {
+ font-size: 66%;
+}
+
+.titlepage hr {
+ width: 0em;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.revhistory {
+ padding-top: 2em;
+ clear: both;
+}
+
+.toc,
+.list-of-tables,
+.list-of-examples,
+.list-of-figures {
+ padding: 1.33em 0em 2.5em 0em;
+ color: #00557D;
+}
+
+.toc p,
+.list-of-tables p,
+.list-of-figures p,
+.list-of-examples p {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0.3em;
+ margin: 1.5em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc p b,
+.list-of-tables p b,
+.list-of-figures p b,
+.list-of-examples p b{
+ font-size: 100.0%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.toc dl,
+.list-of-tables dl,
+.list-of-figures dl,
+.list-of-examples dl {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc dt {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.toc dd {
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 2.6em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+div.glossary dl,
+div.variablelist dl {
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ font-weight: normal;
+ width: 20em;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+.variablelist dl dt {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dd,
+.variablelist dl dd {
+ margin-top: -1em;
+ margin-left: 25.5em;
+}
+
+.glossary dd p,
+.variablelist dd p {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+
+div.calloutlist table td {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+ margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+div.calloutlist table td p {
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+div p.copyright {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+div.legalnotice p.legalnotice-title {
+ margin-bottom: 0em;
+}
+
+p {
+ line-height: 1.5em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+
+}
+
+dl {
+ padding-top: 0em;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border: solid 1px;
+}
+
+
+.mediaobject,
+.mediaobjectco {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+img {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+ul {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 1.5em;
+}
+
+ul li {
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+ul li p {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+table {
+ width :100%;
+}
+
+th {
+ padding: 0.25em;
+ text-align: left;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+td {
+ padding: 0.25em;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+p a[id] {
+ margin: 0px;
+ padding: 0px;
+ display: inline;
+ background-image: none;
+}
+
+a {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+pre {
+ overflow: auto;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ /*font-weight: bold;*/
+}
+
+/* This style defines how the permalink character
+ appears by itself and when hovered over with
+ the mouse. */
+
+[alt='Permalink'] { color: #eee; }
+[alt='Permalink']:hover { color: black; }
+
+
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informalexample,
+div.informaltable,
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example {
+ margin: 1em 0em;
+ padding: 1em;
+ page-break-inside: avoid;
+}
+
+
+div.informalfigure p.title b,
+div.informalexample p.title b,
+div.informaltable p.title b,
+div.figure p.title b,
+div.example p.title b,
+div.table p.title b{
+ padding-top: 0em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ font-size: 100%;
+ font-weight: normal;
+}
+
+.mediaobject .caption,
+.mediaobject .caption p {
+ text-align: center;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+ padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.epigraph {
+ padding-left: 55%;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+.epigraph p {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.epigraph .quote {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+.epigraph .attribution {
+ font-style: normal;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+span.application {
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.programlisting {
+ font-family: monospace;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ white-space: pre;
+ margin: 1.33em 0em;
+ padding: 1.33em;
+}
+
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ margin-top: 1em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+
+}
+
+/* force full width of table within div */
+.tip table,
+.warning table,
+.caution table,
+.note table {
+ border: none;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ padding: 0.8em 0.0em 0.0em 0.0em;
+ margin : 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.tip p,
+.warning p,
+.caution p,
+.note p {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+ padding-right: 1em;
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+.acronym {
+ text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ padding: 0.09em 0.3em;
+ margin: 0em;
+}
+
+.itemizedlist li {
+ clear: none;
+}
+
+.filename {
+ font-size: medium;
+ font-family: Courier, monospace;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ position: absolute;
+ left: 0em;
+ top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+ background-color: #cdf;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ position: fixed;
+ left: 0em;
+ bottom: 0em;
+ background-color: #eee;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader td,
+div.navfooter td {
+ font-size: 66%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table th {
+ /*font-family: Georgia, Times, serif;*/
+ /*font-size: x-large;*/
+ font-size: 80%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-top: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navfooter table {
+ border-left: 0em;
+ border-right: 0em;
+ border-bottom: 0em;
+ width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a,
+div.navfooter table td a {
+ color: #777;
+ text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+/* normal text in the footer */
+div.navfooter table td {
+ color: black;
+}
+
+div.navheader table td a:visited,
+div.navfooter table td a:visited {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+
+/* links in header and footer */
+div.navheader table td a:hover,
+div.navfooter table td a:hover {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ background-color: transparent;
+ color: #33a;
+}
+
+div.navheader hr,
+div.navfooter hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+.qandaset tr.question td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+
+.qandaset tr.answer td p {
+ margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;
+ padding: 0em 0em 0em 0em;
+}
+.answer td {
+ padding-bottom: 1.5em;
+}
+
+.emphasis {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+ /************* /
+ / decorations /
+/ *************/
+
+.titlepage {
+}
+
+.part .title {
+}
+
+.subtitle {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+/*
+h1 {
+ border: none;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ border-top: solid 0.2em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ border-top: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h4 {
+ border: 0em;
+ border-bottom: solid 0.06em;
+}
+
+h5 {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+*/
+
+.programlisting {
+ border: solid 1px;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample,
+div.example {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ border-bottom: 1px solid;
+}
+
+.question td {
+ border-top: 1px solid black;
+}
+
+.answer {
+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ border: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader, div.heading{
+ border-bottom: 1px solid;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ border-top: 1px solid;
+}
+
+ /********* /
+ / colors /
+/ *********/
+
+body {
+ color: #333;
+ background: white;
+}
+
+a {
+ background: transparent;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+ background-color: #dedede;
+}
+
+
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7,
+h8 {
+ background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+
+.tip, .warning, .caution, .note {
+ border-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.tip table th,
+.warning table th,
+.caution table th,
+.note table th {
+ border-bottom-color: #fff;
+}
+
+
+.warning {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.caution {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.tip {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.note {
+ background-color: #f0f0f2;
+}
+
+.glossary dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt,
+.variablelist dl dt span.term {
+ color: #044;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.example,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample {
+ border-color: #aaa;
+}
+
+pre.programlisting {
+ color: black;
+ background-color: #fff;
+ border-color: #aaa;
+ border-width: 2px;
+}
+
+.guimenu,
+.guilabel,
+.guimenuitem {
+ background-color: #eee;
+}
+
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ background-color: #eee;
+ border-color: #999;
+}
+
+
+div.navheader {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+div.navfooter {
+ border-color: black;
+}
+
+
+ /*********** /
+ / graphics /
+/ ***********/
+
+/*
+body {
+ background-image: url("images/body_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.navheader,
+.note,
+.tip {
+ background-image: url("images/note_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.warning,
+.caution {
+ background-image: url("images/warning_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+.figure,
+.informalfigure,
+.example,
+.informalexample,
+.table,
+.informaltable {
+ background-image: url("images/figure_bg.jpg");
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+}
+
+*/
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+h4,
+h5,
+h6,
+h7{
+}
+
+/*
+Example of how to stick an image as part of the title.
+
+div.article .titlepage .title
+{
+ background-image: url("figures/white-on-black.png");
+ background-position: center;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+}
+*/
+
+div.preface .titlepage .title,
+div.colophon .title,
+div.chapter .titlepage .title,
+div.article .titlepage .title
+{
+}
+
+div.section div.section .titlepage .title,
+div.sect2 .titlepage .title {
+ background: none;
+}
+
+
+h1.title {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ height: 256px;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+}
+
+h2.subtitle {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ text-indent: -9000px;
+ overflow:hidden;
+ width: 0px;
+ display: none;
+}
+
+ /*************************************** /
+ / pippin.gimp.org specific alterations /
+/ ***************************************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ color: #777;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ padding: 0;
+ margin: 0;
+ text-align: left;
+ position: absolute;
+ top: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+ width: 100%;
+ height: 50px;
+ background: url('/gfx/heading_bg.png') transparent;
+ background-repeat: repeat-x;
+ background-attachment: fixed;
+ border: none;
+}
+
+div.heading a {
+ color: #444;
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ border: none;
+ color: #ddd;
+ font-size: 80%;
+ text-align:right;
+
+ width: 100%;
+ padding-top: 10px;
+ position: absolute;
+ bottom: 0px;
+ left: 0px;
+
+ background: url('/gfx/footing_bg.png') transparent;
+}
+*/
+
+
+
+ /****************** /
+ / nasty ie tweaks /
+/ ******************/
+
+/*
+div.heading, div.navheader {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+}
+
+div.footing, div.navfooter {
+ width:expression(document.body.clientWidth + "px");
+ margin-left:expression("-5em");
+}
+body {
+ padding:expression("4em 5em 0em 5em");
+}
+*/
+
+ /**************************************** /
+ / mozilla vendor specific css extensions /
+/ ****************************************/
+/*
+div.navfooter, div.footing{
+ -moz-opacity: 0.8em;
+}
+
+div.figure,
+div.table,
+div.informalfigure,
+div.informaltable,
+div.informalexample,
+div.example,
+.tip,
+.warning,
+.caution,
+.note {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.5em;
+}
+
+b.keycap,
+.keycap {
+ -moz-border-radius: 0.3em;
+}
+*/
+
+table tr td table tr td {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+
+hr {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+table {
+ border: 0em;
+}
+
+ .photo {
+ float: right;
+ margin-left: 1.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+ margin-top: 0em;
+ max-width: 17em;
+ border: 1px solid gray;
+ padding: 3px;
+ background: white;
+}
+ .seperator {
+ padding-top: 2em;
+ clear: both;
+ }
+
+ #validators {
+ margin-top: 5em;
+ text-align: right;
+ color: #777;
+ }
+ @media print {
+ body {
+ font-size: 8pt;
+ }
+ .noprint {
+ display: none;
+ }
+ }
+
+
+.tip,
+.note {
+ background: #f0f0f2;
+ color: #333;
+ padding: 20px;
+ margin: 20px;
+}
+
+.tip h3,
+.note h3 {
+ padding: 0em;
+ margin: 0em;
+ font-size: 2em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+.tip a,
+.note a {
+ color: #333;
+ text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.footnote {
+ font-size: small;
+ color: #333;
+}
+
+/* Changes the announcement text */
+.tip h3,
+.warning h3,
+.caution h3,
+.note h3 {
+ font-size:large;
+ color: #00557D;
+}
diff --git a/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs-customization.xsl b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcc02dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/xhtml/docbook.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:import href="yocto-project-qs-titlepage.xsl"/>
+
+ <xsl:include href="../template/permalinks.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/section.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/component.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/division.title.xsl"/>
+ <xsl:include href="../template/formal.object.heading.xsl"/>
+
+ <xsl:param name="generate.toc" select="'article nop'"></xsl:param>
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'qs-style.css'" />
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs-eclipse-customization.xsl b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs-eclipse-customization.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50e6830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs-eclipse-customization.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<xsl:stylesheet
+ xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
+ version="1.0">
+
+ <xsl:import href="http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/mirror/docbook-mirror/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+<!--
+
+ <xsl:import href="../template/1.76.1/docbook-xsl-1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+ <xsl:import
+ href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/1.76.1/eclipse/eclipse3.xsl" />
+
+-->
+
+ <xsl:import href="yocto-project-qs-titlepage.xsl"/>
+
+ <xsl:param name="chunker.output.indent" select="'yes'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.quietly" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="use.id.as.filename" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="ulink.target" select="'_self'" />
+ <xsl:param name="base.dir" select="'html/yocto-project-qs/'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="chunk.section.depth" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'../book.css'"/>
+ <xsl:param name="eclipse.manifest" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="create.plugin.xml" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="suppress.navigation" select="1"/>
+ <xsl:param name="generate.index" select="0"/>
+ <xsl:param name="generate.toc" select="'article nop'"></xsl:param>
+ <xsl:param name="html.stylesheet" select="'style.css'" />
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs-titlepage.xsl b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs-titlepage.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a435ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs-titlepage.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,3820 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:exsl="http://exslt.org/common" version="1.0" exclude-result-prefixes="exsl">
+
+<!-- This stylesheet was created by template/titlepage.xsl-->
+
+<xsl:template name="article.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="articleinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="artheader/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="articleinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="artheader/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="articleinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="artheader/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="article.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="article.titlepage.separator"><hr/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="article.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="article.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="article.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="article.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="article.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="article.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="article.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="article.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="article.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+ <xsl:call-template name="anchor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates/>
+<!-- orignally generated content -->
+<!-- <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/> -->
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="article.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="article.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="article.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="set.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="setinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="setinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="set.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="set.titlepage.separator"><hr/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="set.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="set.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="set.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="set.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="set.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="set.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="set.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="set.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="set.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="set.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="set.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="set.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="book.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="bookinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="bookinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bookinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="book.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="book.titlepage.separator"><hr/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="book.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="book.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="book.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="book.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="book.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="book.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="book.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="book.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="book.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="book.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="book.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="book.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="part.titlepage.recto">
+ <div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:call-template name="division.title">
+<xsl:with-param name="node" select="ancestor-or-self::part[1]"/>
+</xsl:call-template></div>
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="partinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="part.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="part.titlepage.separator">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="part.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="part.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="part.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="part.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="part.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="part.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="part.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="part.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="part.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="part.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="part.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="part.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="partintro.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="partintroinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="partintroinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="partintroinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="partintro.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="partintro.titlepage.separator">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="partintro.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="partintro.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="partintro.titlepage">
+ <div>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="partintro.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="partintro.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="partintro.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="partintro.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="partintro.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="partintro.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="partintro.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="partintro.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="reference.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="referenceinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="referenceinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="referenceinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="reference.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="reference.titlepage.separator"><hr/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="reference.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="reference.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="reference.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="reference.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="reference.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="reference.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="reference.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="reference.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="reference.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="reference.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="reference.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="reference.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="refentry.titlepage.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="refentry.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="refentry.titlepage.separator">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="refentry.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="refentry.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="refentry.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="refentry.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="refentry.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="refentry.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="refentry.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="refentry.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="refentry.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="refentry.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="dedication.titlepage.recto">
+ <div xsl:use-attribute-sets="dedication.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:call-template name="component.title">
+<xsl:with-param name="node" select="ancestor-or-self::dedication[1]"/>
+</xsl:call-template></div>
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="dedicationinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="dedication.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="dedicationinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="dedication.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="dedication.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="dedication.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="dedication.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="dedication.titlepage.separator">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="dedication.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="dedication.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="dedication.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="dedication.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="dedication.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="dedication.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="dedication.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="dedication.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="dedication.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="dedication.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="dedication.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="dedication.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="dedication.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="acknowledgements.titlepage.recto">
+ <div xsl:use-attribute-sets="acknowledgements.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:call-template name="component.title">
+<xsl:with-param name="node" select="ancestor-or-self::acknowledgements[1]"/>
+</xsl:call-template></div>
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="acknowledgementsinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="acknowledgements.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="acknowledgementsinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="acknowledgements.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="acknowledgements.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="acknowledgements.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="acknowledgements.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="acknowledgements.titlepage.separator">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="acknowledgements.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="acknowledgements.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="acknowledgements.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="acknowledgements.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="acknowledgements.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="acknowledgements.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="acknowledgements.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="acknowledgements.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="acknowledgements.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="acknowledgements.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="acknowledgements.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="acknowledgements.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="acknowledgements.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="preface.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="prefaceinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="prefaceinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="prefaceinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="preface.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="preface.titlepage.separator">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="preface.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="preface.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="preface.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="preface.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="preface.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="preface.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="preface.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="preface.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="preface.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
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+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
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+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="preface.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="preface.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="preface.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
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+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="chapter.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="chapterinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="chapterinfo/title"/>
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+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/title"/>
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+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
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+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
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+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="chapterinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="chapterinfo/subtitle"/>
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+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
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+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
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+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
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+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="chapterinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="chapterinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="chapterinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="chapterinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="chapterinfo/releaseinfo"/>
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+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="chapter.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/abstract"/>
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+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
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+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
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+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
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+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="section.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="section.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="section.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="section.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect1.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sect1info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sect1info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect1info/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect1.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect1.titlepage.separator"><xsl:if test="count(parent::*)='0'"><hr/></xsl:if>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect1.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect1.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect1.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect1.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect1.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect1.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect1.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect1.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sect1.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect1.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect1.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect2.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sect2info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sect2info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect2info/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect2.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect2.titlepage.separator"><xsl:if test="count(parent::*)='0'"><hr/></xsl:if>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect2.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect2.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect2.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect2.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect2.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect2.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect2.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect2.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sect2.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect2.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect2.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect3.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sect3info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sect3info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect3info/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect3.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect3.titlepage.separator"><xsl:if test="count(parent::*)='0'"><hr/></xsl:if>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect3.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect3.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect3.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect3.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect3.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect3.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect3.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect3.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sect3.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect3.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect3.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect4.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sect4info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sect4info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect4info/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect4.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect4.titlepage.separator"><xsl:if test="count(parent::*)='0'"><hr/></xsl:if>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect4.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect4.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect4.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect4.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect4.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect4.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect4.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect4.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sect4.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect4.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect4.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect5.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sect5info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sect5info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sect5info/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect5.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect5.titlepage.separator"><xsl:if test="count(parent::*)='0'"><hr/></xsl:if>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect5.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect5.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sect5.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect5.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect5.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect5.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect5.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sect5.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sect5.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
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+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
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+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
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+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
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+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
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+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
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+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect5.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect5.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect5.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect5.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect5.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect5.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect5.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect5.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sect5.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sect5.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="simplesect.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="simplesectinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="simplesectinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/corpauthor"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/authorgroup"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/author"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/othercredit"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/releaseinfo"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/copyright"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/legalnotice"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/pubdate"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revision"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/revhistory"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="simplesectinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/abstract"/>
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/abstract"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="simplesect.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="simplesect.titlepage.separator"><xsl:if test="count(parent::*)='0'"><hr/></xsl:if>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="simplesect.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="simplesect.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="simplesect.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="simplesect.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="simplesect.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="simplesect.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="simplesect.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="simplesect.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="simplesect.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="corpauthor" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="authorgroup" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="author" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="othercredit" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="releaseinfo" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="copyright" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="legalnotice" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="pubdate" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revision" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="revhistory" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="abstract" mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="simplesect.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="simplesect.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="bibliography.titlepage.recto">
+ <div xsl:use-attribute-sets="bibliography.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:call-template name="component.title">
+<xsl:with-param name="node" select="ancestor-or-self::bibliography[1]"/>
+</xsl:call-template></div>
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="bibliographyinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="bibliography.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="bibliographyinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="bibliography.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="bibliography.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="bibliography.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="bibliography.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="bibliography.titlepage.separator">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="bibliography.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="bibliography.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="bibliography.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="bibliography.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="bibliography.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="bibliography.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="bibliography.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="bibliography.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="bibliography.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="bibliography.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="bibliography.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="bibliography.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="bibliography.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="glossary.titlepage.recto">
+ <div xsl:use-attribute-sets="glossary.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:call-template name="component.title">
+<xsl:with-param name="node" select="ancestor-or-self::glossary[1]"/>
+</xsl:call-template></div>
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="glossaryinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="glossary.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="glossaryinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="glossary.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="glossary.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="glossary.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="glossary.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="glossary.titlepage.separator">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="glossary.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="glossary.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="glossary.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="glossary.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="glossary.titlepage.recto"/>
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+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="glossary.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="glossary.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="glossary.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="glossary.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="glossary.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
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+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="glossary.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="glossary.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="glossary.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="index.titlepage.recto">
+ <div xsl:use-attribute-sets="index.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:call-template name="component.title">
+<xsl:with-param name="node" select="ancestor-or-self::index[1]"/>
+</xsl:call-template></div>
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="indexinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="index.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="indexinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="index.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="index.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="index.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="index.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="index.titlepage.separator">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="index.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="index.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="index.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="index.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="index.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="index.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="index.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="index.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="index.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="index.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="index.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="index.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="index.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="setindex.titlepage.recto">
+ <div xsl:use-attribute-sets="setindex.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:call-template name="component.title">
+<xsl:with-param name="node" select="ancestor-or-self::setindex[1]"/>
+</xsl:call-template></div>
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="setindexinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="setindex.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="setindexinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="setindex.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="setindex.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="setindex.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="setindex.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="setindex.titlepage.separator">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="setindex.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="setindex.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="setindex.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="setindex.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="setindex.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="setindex.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="setindex.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="setindex.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="setindex.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="setindex.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="setindex.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="setindex.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="setindex.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sidebar.titlepage.recto">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sidebarinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sidebarinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="title">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="title"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="sidebarinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="sidebarinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="docinfo/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="docinfo/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="info/subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="info/subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="subtitle">
+ <xsl:apply-templates mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.auto.mode" select="subtitle"/>
+ </xsl:when>
+ </xsl:choose>
+
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sidebar.titlepage.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sidebar.titlepage.separator">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sidebar.titlepage.before.recto">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sidebar.titlepage.before.verso">
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template name="sidebar.titlepage">
+ <div class="titlepage">
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sidebar.titlepage.before.recto"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sidebar.titlepage.recto"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="recto.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($recto.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($recto.content) != '') or ($recto.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$recto.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.content">
+ <xsl:call-template name="sidebar.titlepage.before.verso"/>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sidebar.titlepage.verso"/>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:variable name="verso.elements.count">
+ <xsl:choose>
+ <xsl:when test="function-available('exsl:node-set')"><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:when test="contains(system-property('xsl:vendor'), 'Apache Software Foundation')">
+ <!--Xalan quirk--><xsl:value-of select="count(exsl:node-set($verso.content)/*)"/></xsl:when>
+ <xsl:otherwise>1</xsl:otherwise>
+ </xsl:choose>
+ </xsl:variable>
+ <xsl:if test="(normalize-space($verso.content) != '') or ($verso.elements.count > 0)">
+ <div><xsl:copy-of select="$verso.content"/></div>
+ </xsl:if>
+ <xsl:call-template name="sidebar.titlepage.separator"/>
+ </div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="*" mode="sidebar.titlepage.verso.mode">
+ <!-- if an element isn't found in this mode, -->
+ <!-- try the generic titlepage.mode -->
+ <xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="titlepage.mode"/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="title" mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sidebar.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:call-template name="formal.object.heading">
+<xsl:with-param name="object" select="ancestor-or-self::sidebar[1]"/>
+</xsl:call-template>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<xsl:template match="subtitle" mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.auto.mode">
+<div xsl:use-attribute-sets="sidebar.titlepage.recto.style">
+<xsl:apply-templates select="." mode="sidebar.titlepage.recto.mode"/>
+</div>
+</xsl:template>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
+
diff --git a/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs.xml b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5da7314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/documentation/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,795 @@
+<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
+[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] >
+
+<article id='yocto-project-qs-intro'>
+ <articleinfo>
+ <title>Yocto Project Quick Start</title>
+
+ <copyright>
+ <year>©RIGHT_YEAR;</year>
+ <holder>Linux Foundation</holder>
+ </copyright>
+
+ <legalnotice>
+ <para>
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
+ the terms of the <ulink type="http" url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales</ulink> as published by Creative Commons.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ For the latest version of this manual associated with this
+ Yocto Project release, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_QS_URL;'>Yocto Project Quick Start</ulink>
+ from the Yocto Project website.
+ </note>
+ </legalnotice>
+
+
+ <abstract>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/yocto-project-transp.png"
+ width="6in" depth="1in"
+ align="right" scale="25" />
+ </abstract>
+ </articleinfo>
+
+ <section id='welcome'>
+ <title>Welcome!</title>
+ <para>
+ Welcome to the Yocto Project!
+ The Yocto Project is an open-source collaboration project whose
+ focus is developers of embedded Linux systems.
+ Among other things, the Yocto Project uses a build host based
+ on the OpenEmbedded (OE) project, which uses the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#bitbake-term'>BitBake</ulink>
+ tool, to construct complete Linux images.
+ The BitBake and OE components are combined together to form
+ a reference build host, historically known as
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#poky'>Poky</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not have a system that runs Linux and you want to give
+ the Yocto Project a test run, you might consider using the Yocto
+ Project Build Appliance.
+ The Build Appliance allows you to build and boot a custom embedded
+ Linux image with the Yocto Project using a non-Linux development
+ system.
+ See the
+ <ulink url='https://www.yoctoproject.org/tools-resources/projects/build-appliance'>Yocto Project Build Appliance</ulink>
+ for more information.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ This quick start is written so that you can quickly get a host
+ build host set up to use the Yocto Project and then build some
+ Linux images.
+ Rather than go into great detail about the Yocto Project and its
+ many capabilities, this quick start provides the minimal
+ information you need to try out the Yocto Project using a
+ supported Linux build host.
+ Reading and using the quick start should result in you having a
+ basic understanding of what the Yocto Project is and how to use
+ some of its core components.
+ You will also have worked through steps to produce two images:
+ one suitable for emulation and one that can be used on actual
+ hardware.
+ The examples highlight the ease with which you can use the
+ Yocto Project to create images for multiple types of hardware.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on the Yocto Project, you can
+ reference these resources:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Website:</emphasis>
+ The
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project Website</ulink>
+ provides the latest builds, breaking news, full development
+ documentation, and access to a rich Yocto Project
+ Development Community into which you can tap.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>FAQs:</emphasis>
+ Lists commonly asked Yocto Project questions and answers.
+ You can find two FAQs:
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_WIKI_URL;/wiki/FAQ'>Yocto Project FAQ</ulink>
+ on a wiki, and the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#faq'>FAQ</ulink>"
+ chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Developer Screencast:</emphasis>
+ The
+ <ulink url='http://vimeo.com/36450321'>Getting Started with the Yocto Project - New Developer Screencast Tutorial</ulink>
+ provides a 30-minute video created for users unfamiliar
+ with the Yocto Project but familiar with Linux build
+ hosts.
+ While this screencast is somewhat dated, the introductory
+ and fundamental concepts are useful for the beginner.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='yp-intro'>
+ <title>Introducing the Yocto Project Development Environment</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project through the OpenEmbedded build system provides an
+ open source development environment targeting the ARM, MIPS,
+ PowerPC, and x86 architectures for a variety of platforms
+ including x86-64 and emulated ones.
+ You can use components from the Yocto Project to design, develop,
+ build, debug, simulate, and test the complete software stack using
+ Linux, the X Window System, GTK+ frameworks, and Qt frameworks.
+ </para>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/yocto-environment.png"
+ format="PNG" align='center' scalefit='1' width="100%"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <caption>
+ <para>The Yocto Project Development Environment</para>
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+
+ <para>
+ Here are some highlights for the Yocto Project:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Provides a recent Linux kernel along with a set of system
+ commands and libraries suitable for the embedded
+ environment.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Makes available system components such as X11, GTK+, Qt,
+ Clutter, and SDL (among others) so you can create a rich user
+ experience on devices that have display hardware.
+ For devices that do not have a display or where you wish to
+ use alternative UI frameworks, these components need not be
+ installed.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Creates a focused and stable core compatible with the
+ OpenEmbedded project with which you can easily and reliably
+ build and develop.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Fully supports a wide range of hardware and device emulation
+ through the Quick EMUlator (QEMU).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Provides a layer mechanism that allows you to easily extend
+ the system, make customizations, and keep them organized.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ You can use the Yocto Project to generate images for many kinds
+ of devices.
+ As mentioned earlier, the Yocto Project supports creation of
+ reference images that you can boot within and emulate using QEMU.
+ The standard example machines target QEMU full-system
+ emulation for 32-bit and 64-bit variants of x86, ARM, MIPS, and
+ PowerPC architectures.
+ Beyond emulation, you can use the layer mechanism to extend
+ support to just about any platform that Linux can run on and that
+ a toolchain can target.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Another Yocto Project feature is the Sato reference User
+ Interface.
+ This optional UI that is based on GTK+ is intended for devices with
+ restricted screen sizes and is included as part of the
+ OpenEmbedded Core layer so that developers can test parts of the
+ software stack.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='yp-resources'>
+ <title>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list shows what you need in order to use a
+ Linux-based build host to use the Yocto Project to build images:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build Host</emphasis>
+ A build host with a minimum of 50 Gbytes of free disk
+ space that is running a supported Linux distribution (i.e.
+ recent releases of Fedora, openSUSE, CentOS, Debian, or
+ Ubuntu).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build Host Packages</emphasis>
+ Appropriate packages installed on the build host.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>The Yocto Project</emphasis>
+ A release of the Yocto Project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <section id='the-linux-distro'>
+ <title>The Linux Distribution</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Yocto Project team verifies each release against recent
+ versions of the most popular Linux distributions that
+ provide stable releases.
+ In general, if you have the current release minus one of the
+ following distributions, you should have no problems.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Ubuntu
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Fedora
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ openSUSE
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ CentOS
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Debian
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ For a more detailed list of distributions that support the
+ Yocto Project, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#detailed-supported-distros'>Supported Linux Distributions</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The OpenEmbedded build system should be able to run on any
+ modern distribution that has the following versions for
+ Git, tar, and Python.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Git 1.7.8 or greater
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ tar 1.24 or greater
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Python 2.7.3 or greater excluding Python
+ 3.x, which is not supported.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ If your build host does not meet any of these three listed
+ version requirements, you can take steps to prepare the
+ system so that you can still use the Yocto Project.
+ See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for information.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='packages'>
+ <title>The Build Host Packages</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Required build host packages vary depending on your
+ build machine and what you want to do with the Yocto Project.
+ For example, if you want to build an image that can run
+ on QEMU in graphical mode (a minimal, basic build
+ requirement), then the build host package requirements
+ are different than if you want to build an image on a headless
+ system or build out the Yocto Project documentation set.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Collectively, the number of required packages is large
+ if you want to be able to cover all cases.
+ <note>
+ In general, you need to have root access and then install
+ the required packages.
+ Thus, the commands in the following section may or may
+ not work depending on whether or not your Linux
+ distribution has <filename>sudo</filename> installed.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following list shows the required packages needed to build
+ an image that runs on QEMU in graphical mode (e.g. essential
+ plus graphics support).
+ For lists of required packages for other scenarios, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-packages-for-the-host-development-system'>Required Packages for the Host Development System</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Ubuntu and Debian</emphasis>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo apt-get install &UBUNTU_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; libsdl1.2-dev xterm
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Fedora</emphasis>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo yum install &FEDORA_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; SDL-devel xterm
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>OpenSUSE</emphasis>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo zypper install &OPENSUSE_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; libSDL-devel xterm
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>CentOS</emphasis>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo yum install &CENTOS_HOST_PACKAGES_ESSENTIAL; SDL-devel xterm
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ CentOS 6.x users need to ensure that the required
+ versions of Git, tar and Python are available.
+ For details, See the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#required-git-tar-and-python-versions'>Required Git, tar, and Python Versions</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual for
+ information.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='releases'>
+ <title>Yocto Project Release</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The last requirement you need to meet before using the
+ Yocto Project is getting a Yocto Project release.
+ It is recommended that you get the latest Yocto Project release
+ by setting up (cloning in
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#git'>Git</ulink> terms) a
+ local copy of the <filename>poky</filename> Git repository on
+ your build host and then checking out the latest release.
+ Doing so allows you to easily update to newer Yocto Project
+ releases as well as contribute back to the Yocto Project.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Here is an example from an Ubuntu build host that clones the
+ <filename>poky</filename> repository and then checks out the
+ latest Yocto Project Release (i.e. &DISTRO;):
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
+ Cloning into 'poky'...
+ remote: Counting objects: 226790, done.
+ remote: Compressing objects: 100% (57465/57465), done.
+ remote: Total 226790 (delta 165212), reused 225887 (delta 164327)
+ Receiving objects: 100% (226790/226790), 100.98 MiB | 263 KiB/s, done.
+ Resolving deltas: 100% (165212/165212), done.
+ $ git checkout &DISTRO_NAME;
+ </literallayout>
+ You can also get the Yocto Project Files by downloading
+ Yocto Project releases from the
+ <ulink url="&YOCTO_HOME_URL;">Yocto Project website</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more information on getting set up with the Yocto Project
+ release, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#local-yp-release'>Yocto Project Release</ulink>"
+ item in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='qs-building-images'>
+ <title>Building Images</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Now that you have your system requirements in order, you can give
+ the Yocto Project a try.
+ This section presents steps that let you do the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Build a <filename>qemux86</filename> reference image
+ and run it in the QEMU emulator.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Easily change configurations so that you can quickly
+ create a second image, which would be for MinnowBoard
+ MAX-compatible boards.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <note>
+ The steps in this section do not provide detail, but rather
+ provide minimal, working commands and examples designed to
+ just get you started.
+ For more details, see the appropriate manuals in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;/documentation'>Yocto Project manual set</ulink>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the following commands to build your image.
+ The OpenEmbedded build system creates an entire Linux
+ distribution, including the toolchain, from source.
+ <note><title>Note about Network Proxies</title>
+ <para>
+ By default, the build process searches for source code
+ using a pre-determined order through a set of
+ locations.
+ If you are working behind a firewall and your build
+ host is not set up for proxies, you could encounter
+ problems with the build process when fetching source
+ code (e.g. fetcher failures or Git failures).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not know your proxy settings, consult your
+ local network infrastructure resources and get that
+ information.
+ A good starting point could also be to check your web
+ browser settings.
+ Finally, you can find more information on using the
+ Yocto Project behind a firewall in the Yocto Project
+ Reference Manual
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#how-does-the-yocto-project-obtain-source-code-and-will-it-work-behind-my-firewall-or-proxy-server'>FAQ</ulink>
+ and on the
+ "<ulink url='https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Working_Behind_a_Network_Proxy'>Working Behind a Network Proxy</ulink>"
+ wiki page.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Be Sure Your Build Host is Set Up:</emphasis>
+ The steps to build an image in this section depend on
+ your build host being properly set up.
+ Be sure you have worked through the requirements
+ described in the
+ "<link linkend='yp-resources'>Setting Up to Use the Yocto Project</link>"
+ section.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Check Out Your Branch:</emphasis>
+ Be sure you are in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>
+ (e.g. <filename>poky</filename>) and then check out
+ the branch associated with the latest Yocto Project
+ Release:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ cd ~/poky
+ $ git checkout -b &DISTRO_NAME; origin/&DISTRO_NAME;
+ </literallayout>
+ Git's <filename>checkout</filename> command checks out
+ the current Yocto Project release into a local branch
+ whose name matches the release (i.e.
+ <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename>).
+ The local branch tracks the upstream branch of the
+ same name.
+ Creating your own branch based on the released
+ branch ensures you are using the latest files for
+ that release.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Initialize the Build Environment:</emphasis>
+ Run the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-core-script'><filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename></ulink>
+ environment setup script to define the OpenEmbedded
+ build environment on your build host.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ source &OE_INIT_FILE;
+ </literallayout>
+ Among other things, the script creates the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink>,
+ which is <filename>build</filename> in this case
+ and is located in the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#source-directory'>Source Directory</ulink>.
+ After the script runs, your current working directory
+ is set to the Build Directory.
+ Later, when the build completes, the Build Directory
+ contains all the files created during the build.
+ <note>
+ For information on running a memory-resident
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#usingpoky-components-bitbake'>BitBake</ulink>,
+ see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#structure-memres-core-script'><filename>oe-init-build-env-memres</filename></ulink>
+ setup script.
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Examine Your Local Configuration File:</emphasis>
+ When you set up the build environment, a local
+ configuration file named
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> becomes available in
+ a <filename>conf</filename> subdirectory of the
+ Build Directory.
+ Before using BitBake to start the build, you can
+ look at this file and be sure your general
+ configurations are how you want them:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ To help conserve disk space during builds,
+ you can add the following statement to your
+ project's configuration file, which for this
+ example is
+ <filename>poky/build/conf/local.conf</filename>.
+ Adding this statement deletes the work
+ directory used for building a recipe once the
+ recipe is built.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ INHERIT += "rm_work"
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ By default, the target machine for the build is
+ <filename>qemux86</filename>,
+ which produces an image that can be used in
+ the QEMU emulator and is targeted at an
+ <trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark>
+ 32-bit based architecture.
+ Further on in this example, this default is
+ easily changed through the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ variable so that you can quickly
+ build an image for a different machine.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Another consideration before you build is the
+ package manager used when creating the image.
+ The default <filename>local.conf</filename>
+ file selects the RPM package manager.
+ You can control this configuration by using the
+ <filename><ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-PACKAGE_CLASSES'><filename>PACKAGE_CLASSES</filename></ulink></filename>
+ variable.</para>
+ <para>Selection of the package manager is separate
+ from whether package management is used at runtime
+ in the target image.</para>
+ <para>For additional package manager selection
+ information, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-classes-package'><filename>package*.bbclass</filename></ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Start the Build:</emphasis>
+ Continue with the following command to build an OS image
+ for the target, which is
+ <filename>core-image-sato</filename> in this example:
+ <note>
+ Depending on the number of processors and cores, the
+ amount of RAM, the speed of your Internet connection
+ and other factors, the build process could take several
+ hours the first time you run it.
+ Subsequent builds run much faster since parts of the
+ build are cached.
+ </note>
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake core-image-sato
+ </literallayout>
+ For information on using the
+ <filename>bitbake</filename> command, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#usingpoky-components-bitbake'>BitBake</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Reference Manual, or see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BB_URL;#bitbake-user-manual-command'>BitBake Command</ulink>"
+ section in the BitBake User Manual.
+ For information on other targets, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-images'>Images</ulink>"
+ chapter in the Yocto Project Reference Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Simulate Your Image Using QEMU:</emphasis>
+ Once this particular image is built, you can start QEMU
+ and run the image:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ runqemu qemux86
+ </literallayout>
+ If you want to learn more about running QEMU, see the
+ "<ulink url="&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-qemu">Using the Quick EMUlator (QEMU)</ulink>"
+ chapter in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Exit QEMU:</emphasis>
+ Exit QEMU by either clicking on the shutdown icon or by
+ opening a terminal, typing
+ <filename>poweroff</filename>, and then pressing "Enter".
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following steps show how easy it is to set up to build an
+ image for a new machine.
+ These steps build an image for the MinnowBoard MAX, which is
+ supported by the Yocto Project and the
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename> <filename>intel-corei7-64</filename>
+ and <filename>intel-core2-32</filename> Board Support Packages
+ (BSPs).
+ <note>
+ The MinnowBoard MAX ships with 64-bit firmware.
+ If you want to use the board in 32-bit mode, you must
+ download the
+ <ulink url='http://firmware.intel.com/projects/minnowboard-max'>32-bit firmware</ulink>.
+ </note>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Create a Local Copy of the
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename> Repository:</emphasis>
+ Building an image for the MinnowBoard MAX requires the
+ <filename>meta-intel</filename> layer.
+ Use the <filename>git clone</filename> command to create
+ a local copy of the repository:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/meta-intel
+ Cloning into 'meta-intel'...
+ remote: Counting objects: 10824, done.
+ remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3508/3508), done.
+ remote: Total 10824 (delta 6219), reused 10580 (delta 5975)
+ Receiving objects: 100% (10824/10824), 2.72 MiB | 482.00 KiB/s, done.
+ Resolving deltas: 100% (6219/6219), done.
+ Checking connectivity... done.
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Configure the Build:</emphasis>
+ To configure the build, you edit the
+ <filename>bblayers.conf</filename> and
+ <filename>local.conf</filename> files, both of which are
+ located in the <filename>build/conf</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Here is a quick way to make the edits.
+ The first command uses the
+ <filename>bitbake-layers add-layer</filename> command
+ to add the <filename>meta-intel</filename>
+ layer, which contains the <filename>intel-core*</filename>
+ BSPs to the build.
+ The second command selects the BSP by setting the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-MACHINE'><filename>MACHINE</filename></ulink>
+ variable.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake-layers add-layer "$HOME/source/poky/meta-intel"
+ $ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-corei7-64"' >> conf/local.conf
+ </literallayout>
+ <note><title>Notes</title>
+ <para>
+ If you want a 64-bit build, use the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-corei7-64"' >> conf/local.conf
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you want 32-bit images, use the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ echo 'MACHINE = "intel-core2-32"' >> conf/local.conf
+ </literallayout>
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Build a Minimal Image for MinnowBoard MAX:</emphasis>
+ Use the following command to build the minimal image for
+ MinnowBoard MAX.
+ Because configuration changes are minimal to set up for
+ this second build, the OpenEmbedded build system can
+ re-use files from previous builds as much as possible.
+ Re-using files means this second build will be much faster
+ than an initial build.
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ bitbake core-image-minimal
+ </literallayout>
+ Once the build completes, the resulting basic console image
+ is located in the Build Directory here:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ tmp/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/core-image-minimal-intel-corei7-64.hddimg
+ </literallayout>
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Write the Image:</emphasis>
+ You can write the image to a USB key, SATA drive, or SD
+ card by using the <filename>mkefidisk.sh</filename> script,
+ which is included in the <filename>poky</filename>
+ repository at
+ <filename>scripts/contrib/mkefidisk.sh</filename>:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ $ sudo $HOME/source/poky/scripts/contrib/mkefidisk.sh <replaceable>HOST_DEVICE</replaceable> \
+ tmp/deploy/images/intel-corei7-64/core-image-minimal-intel-corei7-64.hddimg <replaceable>TARGET_DEVICE</replaceable>
+ </literallayout>
+ In the previous command,
+ <replaceable>HOST_DEVICE</replaceable> is the device node
+ on the build host (e.g. <filename>/dev/sdc</filename> or
+ <filename>/dev/mmcblk0</filename>).
+ <replaceable>TARGET_DEVICE</replaceable> is the name of the
+ device as the MinnowBoard MAX sees it (e.g.
+ <filename>/dev/sda</filename> or
+ <filename>/dev/mmcblk0</filename>).
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Boot the Hardware:</emphasis>
+ With the boot device provisioned, you can insert the
+ media into the MinnowBoard MAX and boot the hardware.
+ The board should automatically detect the media and boot to
+ the bootloader and subsequently the operating system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>If the board does not boot automatically, you can
+ boot it manually from the EFI shell as follows:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Shell> connect -r
+ Shell> map -r
+ Shell> fs0:
+ Shell> bootx64
+ </literallayout>
+ <note>
+ For a 32-bit image use the following:
+ <literallayout class='monospaced'>
+ Shell> bootia32
+ </literallayout>
+ </note>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id='qs-next-steps'>
+ <title>Next Steps</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you completed all the steps in the previous section then
+ congratulations to you!
+ What now?
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Depending on what you primary interests are with the Yocto Project,
+ you could consider any of the following:
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Visit the Yocto Project Web Site:</emphasis>
+ The official
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_HOME_URL;'>Yocto Project</ulink>
+ web site contains information on the entire project.
+ Visiting this site is a good way to familiarize yourself
+ with the overall project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Explore Development Models:</emphasis>
+ You can see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-model'>Common Development Models</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual
+ to get an overview of the various ways by which
+ you can use the Yocto Project to develop projects.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Learn Some Open Source Basics:</emphasis>
+ If you are new to the open source environment, you might
+ read the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#dev-manual-newbie'>The Yocto Project Open Source Development Environment</ulink>"
+ chapter of the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ This chapter presents overview material for open source
+ development in the context of the Yocto Project.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Learn About Application Development:</emphasis>
+ If your primary interests lie in developing applications,
+ you can reference the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_ADT_URL;#adt-manual-intro'>Yocto Project Application Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Learn About Board Support Packages (BSPs):</emphasis>
+ If you want to learn about BSPs, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#bsp'>Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP) Developer's Guide</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Learn About Using Eclipse With the Yocto Project:</emphasis>
+ If you are an Eclipse user, you can learn about using the
+ Yocto Project in that development environment by reading
+ the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#workflow-using-the-adt-and-eclipse'>Workflow Using the ADT and Eclipse™</ulink>"
+ section in the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Learn About Toaster:</emphasis>
+ Toaster is a web interface to the Yocto Project's
+ OpenEmbedded build system.
+ If you are interested in using this type of interface to
+ create images, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_TOAST_URL;#toaster-manual-intro'>Toaster User Manual</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>Explore Yocto Project Common Tasks and Technical Details:</emphasis>
+ If you are interested in a mix of common tasks that have to
+ do with project develop using the Yocto Project, see the
+ "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#extendpoky'>Common Tasks</ulink>"
+ section of the Yocto Project Development Manual.
+ If you want more detail, see the
+ <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#ref-manual-intro'>Yocto Project Reference Manual</ulink>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ </section>
+</article>
+<!--
+vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4
+-->
