OpenBMC Code Update

Two BMC Code layouts are available:

Static, non-UBI layout
UBI layout - enabled via obmc-ubi-fs distro feature

This document describes the code update that supports both layouts.

Steps to Update

The following are the steps to update the BMC.

Get a BMC image tar: After building OpenBMC, you will end up with a set of image files in tmp/deploy/images/<platform>/.

The UBI layout image is obmc-phosphor-image-<platform>-<timestamp>.ubi.mtd.tar
The static layout image is obmc-phosphor-image-<platform>-<timestamp>.static.mtd.tar

The BMC tar image contains 5 files: u-boot, kernel, ro, and rw partitions and the MANIFEST file, which contains information about the image such as the image purpose, version, KeyType (Key type used for signature), HashType (SHA type used for key generation) and MachineName (name of machine used while building image, and this will be used for validation of image build). A MANIFEST file might look like

purpose=xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Version.VersionPurpose.BMC
version=2.7.0-dev
KeyType=OpenBMC
HashType=RSA-SHA256
MachineName=tiogapass

Transfer the generated BMC image to the BMC via one of the following methods:

Method 1: Via Redfish Upload: https://github.com/openbmc/docs/blob/master/REDFISH-cheatsheet.md#firmware-update. If using this method skip ahead to step 5!
Method 2: Via scp: Copy the generated BMC image to the /tmp/images/ directory on the BMC.
Method 3: Via REST Upload: https://github.com/openbmc/docs/blob/master/rest-api.md#uploading-images
Method 4: Via TFTP: Perform a POST request to call the DownloadViaTFTP method of /xyz/openbmc_project/software.

Methods 3 and 4 require additional options in bmcweb to be enabled.

Note the version id generated for that image file. The version id is a hash value of 8 hexadecimal numbers, generated by SHA-512 hashing the version string contained in the image and taking the first 8 characters. Get the version id via one of the following methods:

Method 1: From the BMC command line, note the most recent directory name created under /tmp/images/, in this example it'd be 2a1022fe:

# ls -l /tmp/images/
total 0
drwx------    2 root     root            80 Aug 22 07:54 2a1022fe
drwx------    2 root     root            80 Aug 22 07:53 488449a2

Method 2: This method only works if there are no Ready images at the start of transferring the image. Using the REST API, note the object that has its Activation property set to Ready, in this example it'd be 2a1022fe:

$ curl -b cjar -k https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/enumerate
{
  "data": {
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/2a1022fe": {
      "Activation": "xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Activation.Activations.Ready",

Method 3: Calculate the version id beforehand from the image with:

tar xfO <BMC tar image> MANIFEST | sed -ne '/version=/ {s/version=//;p}' | head -n1 | tr -d '\n' | sha512sum | cut -b 1-8

To initiate the update, set the RequestedActivation property of the desired image to Active, substitute <id> with the hash value noted on the previous step, this will write the contents of the image to the BMC chip via one of the following methods:

Method 1: From the BMC command line:

busctl set-property xyz.openbmc_project.Software.BMC.Updater \
  /xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id> \
  xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Activation RequestedActivation s \
  xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Activation.RequestedActivations.Active

Method 2: Using the REST API:

curl -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X PUT \
  -d '{"data":
  "xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Activation.RequestedActivations.Active"}' \
  https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id>/attr/RequestedActivation

(Optional) Check the flash progress. This interface is only available during the activation progress and is not present once the activation is completed via one of the following:

Method 1: From Redfish: A task is returned from the Redfish upload. The task can be used to monitor the progress.
```
curl -k https://${bmc}/redfish/v1/TaskService/Tasks/0
```

Method 2: From the BMC command line:

busctl get-property xyz.openbmc_project.Software.BMC.Updater  \
  /xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id> \
  xyz.openbmc_project.Software.ActivationProgress Progress

Method 3: Using the REST API:

curl -b cjar -k https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id>/attr/Progress

Check that the activation is complete by verifying the "Activation" property is set to "Active" via one of the following methods:

Method 1: From Redfish: Check the task returned from the Redfish upload.
```
curl -k https://${bmc}/redfish/v1/TaskService/Tasks/0
```

Method 2: From the BMC command line:

busctl get-property xyz.openbmc_project.Software.BMC.Updater \
  /xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id> \
  xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Activation Activation

Method 3: Using the REST API:

curl -b cjar -k https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id>

Reboot the BMC for the image to take effect.

Method 1: From Redfish: If ApplyTime was set to "Immediate", the BMC will automatically reboot: https://github.com/openbmc/docs/blob/master/REDFISH-cheatsheet.md#firmware-applytime. To reboot the BMC manually see: https://github.com/openbmc/docs/blob/master/REDFISH-cheatsheet.md#bmc-reboot.
Method 2: From the BMC command line:
```
reboot
```

Method 3: Using the REST API:

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X PUT \
    -d '{"data": "xyz.openbmc_project.State.BMC.Transition.Reboot"}' \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/state/bmc0/attr/RequestedBMCTransition

Associations

In addition to all software images, several associations are listed at /xyz/openbmc_project/software/:

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET  \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/
{
  "data": [
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/46e65782",
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/493a00ad",
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/88c153b1",
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/active",
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/functional"
  ],
  "message": "200 OK",
  "status": "ok"
}

A "functional" association to the "running" BMC and host images

There is only one functional association per BMC and one functional association per host. The functional/running BMC image is the BMC image with the lowest priority when rebooting the BMC. The functional image does not update until the BMC is rebooted. The functional host image behaves the same way except that it updates on a power on or reboot of the host.

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/functional
{
  "data": {
    "endpoints": [
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/46e65782",
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/493a00ad"
    ]
  },
  "message": "200 OK",
  "status": "ok"
}

An "active" association to the active BMC and host images

Note: Several BMC images might be active, this is true for the host images as well.

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/active
{
  "data": {
    "endpoints": [
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/46e65782",
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/493a00ad",
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/88c153b1"
    ]
  },
  "message": "200 OK",
  "status": "ok"
}

An "updateable" association to the programmable components

This is used for identifying firmware components which are programmable via BMC OOB interfaces like Redfish/IPMI. All updateable firmware components must expose the updateable association so that upper applications like Redfish/IPMI will know about updateable firmwares.

To know the updateable software components:

# busctl call xyz.openbmc_project.ObjectMapper \
  /xyz/openbmc_project/software/updatable org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties \
  Get ss xyz.openbmc_project.Association endpoints
v as 1 "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/1201fc36"

Redfish interface uses 'updateable' association in SoftwareInventory schema.

An additional association is located at /xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id>/inventory for "associating" a software image with an inventory item.

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET \
   https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/493a00ad/inventory
{
  "data": {
    "endpoints": [
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/inventory/system/chassis/motherboard/boxelder/bmc"
    ]
  },
  "message": "200 OK",
  "status": "ok"
}

To get all software images associated with an inventory item:

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET  \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/inventory/system/chassis/activation
{
  "data": {
    "endpoints": [
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/46e65782"
    ]
  },
  "message": "200 OK",
  "status": "ok"
}

MANIFEST File

A file named "MANIFEST" must be included in any image tar uploaded, downloaded via TFTP, or copied to the BMC.

The MANIFEST file format must be key=value (e.g. version=v1.99.10). It should include the following fields:

version - The version of the image
purpose - The image's purpose (e.g. xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Version.VersionPurpose.BMC or xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Version.VersionPurpose.Host). Accepted purpose values can be found at Version interface under "VersionPurpose" values.
MachineName - The name of machine (platform) for which this image is built for. This value will be compared against OPENBMC_TARGET_MACHINE value defined in os-release file of running image. Image will not be upgraded if this check fails. For backward compatibility this check skips failure if MachineName is not defined for current released images but it will be made mandatory field from 2.9 onward releases.

Other optional fields are:

extended_version - A more detailed version, which could include versions of different components in the image.

Deleting an Image

To delete an image:

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -X POST https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/<$id>/action/delete \
    -d "{\"data\": [] }"

Note: The image must be non-functional ("non-running").

To delete all non-functional images, whether BMC or host images:

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -X POST https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/action/deleteAll \
    -d "{\"data\": [] }"

Software Field Mode

Field mode is meant for systems shipped from manufacturing to a customer. Field mode offers a way to provide security and ensure incorrect patches don't get loaded on the system by accident. The software implementation of the field mode interface disables patching of the BMC by not mounting /usr/local, which in turn disables host patching at /usr/local/share/pnor/. Enabling field mode is intended to be a one-way operation which means that once enabled, there is no REST API provided to disable it.

Field mode can be enabled by running the following command:

curl -b cjar -k -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X PUT -d '{"data":1}'  \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/attr/FieldModeEnabled

Although field mode is meant to be a one-way operation, it can be disabled by a user with admin privileges by running the following commands on the BMC:

fw_setenv fieldmode

systemctl unmask usr-local.mount

reboot

More information on field mode can be found here: https://github.com/openbmc/phosphor-dbus-interfaces/blob/master/yaml/xyz/openbmc_project/Control/FieldMode.interface.yaml

Software Factory Reset

Software factory reset resets the BMC and host firmware to its factory state by clearing out any read/write data. To software factory reset run the following command and then reboot the BMC:

curl -b cjar -k -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X POST -d '{"data":[]}' \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/action/Reset

The factory reset on the BMC side will clear /var, /home, and /etc. On the host side, the factory reset will clear the read/write volume for each host image on the system, clear the shared preserve host volume, pnor-prsv, and clear any host patches located in /usr/local/share/pnor/.

The factory reset interface can be found here: https://github.com/openbmc/phosphor-dbus-interfaces/blob/02b39246d45ea029a1652a49cc20eab7723dd63b/xyz/openbmc_project/Common/FactoryReset.interface.yaml

Image Storage Location

Static layout

When a BMC image is activated, each image-<name> is written to the BMC chip's partitions indicated by the <name>:

image-u-boot
image-kernel
image-rofs
image-rwfs

UBI layout

When a BMC image is activated (i.e. when "RequestedActivation" is set to "Active"), UBI volumes are created on the BMC chip for the image. The alternate BMC chip can also be used to store images. This is determined by "BMC_RO_MTD". Using both the alternate BMC chip and the BMC chip allows for multiple BMC images to be stored. By default, only the BMC chip is used. To use both, set "BMC_RO_MTD" to "alt-bmc+bmc".

Implementation

More information about the implementation of the code update can be found at https://github.com/openbmc/phosphor-dbus-interfaces/blob/master/yaml/xyz/openbmc_project/Software and https://github.com/openbmc/phosphor-bmc-code-mgmt