OpenBMC UBI Code Update

Two BMC Code Updates layouts are available:

Static, non-UBI layout - The default code update
UBI layout - enabled via obmc-ubi-fs machine feature

This document describes the UBI code update. The non-UBI code update can be found here: code-update.md

Steps to Update

The following are the steps to update the BMC if the UBI layout is enabled.

Get a UBI BMC image tar: After building OpenBMC, you will end up with a set of image files in tmp/deploy/images/<platform>/. obmc-phosphor-image-<platform>.ubi.mtd.tar is the UBI BMC tar image. The UBI BMC tar image contains 5 files: u-boot, kernel, ro, and rw partitions and the MANIFEST file, which contains information about the image such as the image purpose and version. A MANIFEST file might look like

purpose=xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Version.VersionPurpose.BMC
version=v1.99.10

Transfer the generated UBI BMC image to the BMC via one of the following methods:

Method 1: Via scp: Copy the generated UBI BMC image to the /tmp/images/ directory on the BMC.
Method 2: Via REST Upload: https://github.com/openbmc/docs/blob/master/rest-api.md#uploading-images
Method 3: Via TFTP: Perform a POST request to call the DownloadViaTFTP method of /xyz/openbmc_project/software.

Note the version id generated for that image file. The version id is a hash value of 8 hexadecimal numbers, generated by SHA-512 hashing the version string contained in the image and taking the first 8 characters. Get the version id via one of the following methods:

Method 1: From the BMC command line, note the most recent directory name created under /tmp/images/, in this example it'd be 2a1022fe:

# ls -l /tmp/images/
total 0
drwx------    2 root     root            80 Aug 22 07:54 2a1022fe
drwx------    2 root     root            80 Aug 22 07:53 488449a2

Method 2: This method only works if there are no Ready images at the start of transferring the image. Using the REST API, note the object that has its Activation property set to Ready, in this example it'd be 2a1022fe:

$ curl -b cjar -k https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/enumerate
{
  "data": {
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/2a1022fe": {
      "Activation": "xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Activation.Activations.Ready",

Method 3: Calculate the version id beforehand from the image with:

tar xfO <UBI BMC tar image> MANIFEST | sed -ne '/version=/ {s/version=//;p}' | head -n1 | tr -d '\n' | sha512sum | cut -b 1-8

To initiate the update, set the RequestedActivation property of the desired image to Active, substitute <id> with the hash value noted on the previous step, this will write the contents of the image to a UBI volume in the BMC chip via one of the following methods:

Method 1: From the BMC command line:

busctl set-property xyz.openbmc_project.Software.BMC.Updater \
  /xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id> \
  xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Activation RequestedActivation s \
  xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Activation.RequestedActivations.Active

Method 2: Using the REST API:

curl -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X PUT \
  -d '{"data":
  "xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Activation.RequestedActivations.Active"}' \
  https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id>/attr/RequestedActivation

(Optional) Check the flash progress. This interface is only available during the activation progress and is not present once the activation is completed via one of the following:

Method 1: From the BMC command line:

busctl get-property xyz.openbmc_project.Software.BMC.Updater  \
  /xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id> \
  xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Activation Progress

Method 2: Using the REST API:

curl -b cjar -k https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id>/attr/Progress

Check that the activation is complete by verifying the "Activation" property is set to "Active" via one of the following methods:

Method 1: From the BMC command line:

busctl get-property xyz.openbmc_project.Software.BMC.Updater \
  /xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id> \
  xyz.openbmc_project.Software.Activation Activation

Method 2: Using the REST API:

curl -b cjar -k https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id>

Reboot the BMC for the image to take effect.

Method 1: From the BMC command line:
```
reboot
```

Method 2: Using the REST API:

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X PUT \
    -d '{"data": "xyz.openbmc_project.State.BMC.Transition.Reboot"}' \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/state/bmc0/attr/RequestedBMCTransition

Associations

In addition to all software images, several associations are listed at /xyz/openbmc_project/software/:

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET  \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/
{
  "data": [
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/46e65782",
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/493a00ad",
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/88c153b1",
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/active",
    "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/functional"
  ],
  "message": "200 OK",
  "status": "ok"
}

A "functional" association to the "running" BMC and host images

There is only one functional association per BMC and one functional association per host. The functional/running BMC image is the BMC image with the lowest priority when rebooting the BMC. The functional image does not update until the BMC is rebooted. The functional host image behaves the same way except that it updates on a power on or reboot of the host.

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/functional
{
  "data": {
    "endpoints": [
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/46e65782",
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/493a00ad"
    ]
  },
  "message": "200 OK",
  "status": "ok"
}

An "active" association to the active BMC and host images

Note: Several BMC images might be active, this is true for the host images as well.

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/active
{
  "data": {
    "endpoints": [
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/46e65782",
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/493a00ad",
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/88c153b1"
    ]
  },
  "message": "200 OK",
  "status": "ok"
}

An additional association is located at /xyz/openbmc_project/software/<id>/inventory for "associating" a software image with an inventory item.

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET \
   https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/493a00ad/inventory
{
  "data": {
    "endpoints": [
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/inventory/system/chassis/motherboard/boxelder/bmc"
    ]
  },
  "message": "200 OK",
  "status": "ok"
}

To get all software images associated with an inventory item:

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET  \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/inventory/system/chassis/activation
{
  "data": {
    "endpoints": [
      "/xyz/openbmc_project/software/46e65782"
    ]
  },
  "message": "200 OK",
  "status": "ok"
}

Deleting an Image

To delete an image:

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -X POST https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/<$id>/action/delete \
    -d "{\"data\": [] }"

Note: The image must be non-functional ("non-running").

To delete all non-functional images, whether BMC or host images:

curl -c cjar -b cjar -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -X POST https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/action/deleteAll \
    -d "{\"data\": [] }"

Software Field Mode

Field mode is meant for systems shipped from manufacturing to a customer. Field mode offers a way to provide security and ensure incorrect patches don't get loaded on the system by accident. The software implementation of the field mode interface disables patching of the BMC by not mounting /usr/local, which in turn disables host patching at /usr/local/share/pnor/. Enabling field mode is intended to be a one-way operation which means that once enabled, there is no REST API provided to disable it.

Field mode can be enabled by running the following command:

curl -b cjar -k -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X PUT -d '{"data":1}'  \
    https://${bmc}/xyz/openbmc_project/software/attr/FieldModeEnabled

Although field mode is meant to be a one-way operation, it can be disabled by a user with admin privileges by running the following commands on the BMC:

fw_setenv fieldmode

systemctl unmask usr-local.mount

reboot

More information on field mode can be found here: https://github.com/openbmc/phosphor-dbus-interfaces/blob/master/xyz/openbmc_project/Control/FieldMode.interface.yaml

Implementation

More information about the implementation of the UBI code update can be found at https://github.com/openbmc/phosphor-dbus-interfaces/blob/master/xyz/openbmc_project/Software and https://github.com/openbmc/phosphor-bmc-code-mgmt