resolve stricter warnings

In order to convert this repository to Meson, we need to make it
compile under `warning_level=3`.  Fix a number of warning classes
across the repository or disable them.

Some fixes are:

* Add missing header files.
* Fully initialize structs as necessary.
* Add `__attribute__((unused))` on parameters as necessary.
* Fix comparisons between signed and unsigned.
* Fix printf specifiers as necessary.
* Avoid case-fallthrough.
* Remove if conditions which are always true.

Some warnings would require extensive code changes, due to their
pervasive use, and so are disabled at a per-file level:
* `-Wpointer-arith`
* `-Wunused-result`

Signed-off-by: Patrick Williams <patrick@stwcx.xyz>
Change-Id: If8992b9108f12b39f796ed090ba29868c9f3c627
diff --git a/test/flash_erase.c b/test/flash_erase.c
index fe80f3b..127bf8c 100644
--- a/test/flash_erase.c
+++ b/test/flash_erase.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 #define MEM_SIZE 3
 #define ERASE_SIZE 1
 
-int ioctl(int fd, unsigned long request, ...)
+int ioctl(int fd __attribute__((unused)), unsigned long request, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
 	struct erase_info_user *provided, *alloced;