diff --git a/tests/test-utils.c b/tests/test-utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b2adac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test-utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/**
+ * Defines utility functions for testing CPER-JSON IR output from the cper-parse library.
+ *
+ * Author: Lawrence.Tang@arm.com
+ **/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "test-utils.h"
+
+#include <libcper/BaseTypes.h>
+#include <libcper/generator/cper-generate.h>
+
+#include <jsoncdaccord.h>
+#include <json.h>
+#include <libcper/log.h>
+
+// Objects that have mutually exclusive fields (and thereforce can't have both
+// required at the same time) can be added to this list.
+// Truly optional properties that shouldn't be added to "required" field for
+// validating the entire schema with validationbits=1
+// In most cases making sure examples set all valid bits is preferable to adding to this list
+static const char *optional_props[] = {
+	// Some sections don't parse header correctly?
+	"header",
+
+	// Each section is optional
+	"GenericProcessor", "Ia32x64Processor", "ArmProcessor", "Memory",
+	"Memory2", "Pcie", "PciBus", "PciComponent", "Firmware", "GenericDmar",
+	"VtdDmar", "IommuDmar", "CcixPer", "CxlProtocol", "CxlComponent",
+	"Nvidia", "Ampere", "Unknown",
+
+	// CXL?  might have a bug?
+	"partitionID",
+
+	// CXL protocol
+	"capabilityStructure", "deviceSerial",
+
+	// CXL component
+	"cxlComponentEventLog", "addressSpace", "errorType",
+	"participationType", "timedOut", "level", "operation", "preciseIP",
+	"restartableIP", "overflow", "uncorrected", "transactionType",
+
+	// PCIe AER
+	"addressSpace", "errorType", "participationType", "timedOut", "level",
+	"operation", "preciseIP", "restartableIP", "overflow", "uncorrected",
+	"transactionType"
+};
+
+//Returns a ready-for-use memory stream containing a CPER record with the given sections inside.
+FILE *generate_record_memstream(const char **types, UINT16 num_types,
+				char **buf, size_t *buf_size,
+				int single_section,
+				GEN_VALID_BITS_TEST_TYPE validBitsType)
+{
+	//Open a memory stream.
+	FILE *stream = open_memstream(buf, buf_size);
+
+	//Generate a section to the stream, close & return.
+	if (!single_section) {
+		generate_cper_record((char **)(types), num_types, stream,
+				     validBitsType);
+	} else {
+		generate_single_section_record((char *)(types[0]), stream,
+					       validBitsType);
+	}
+	fclose(stream);
+
+	//Return fmemopen() buffer for reading.
+	return fmemopen(*buf, *buf_size, "r");
+}
+
+int iterate_make_required_props(json_object *jsonSchema, int all_valid_bits)
+{
+	//properties
+	json_object *properties =
+		json_object_object_get(jsonSchema, "properties");
+
+	if (properties != NULL) {
+		json_object *requrired_arr = json_object_new_array();
+
+		json_object_object_foreach(properties, property_name,
+					   property_value)
+		{
+			(void)property_value;
+			int add_to_required = 1;
+			size_t num = sizeof(optional_props) /
+				     sizeof(optional_props[0]);
+			for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+				if (strcmp(optional_props[i], property_name) ==
+				    0) {
+					add_to_required = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (add_to_required) {
+				//Add to list if property is not optional
+				json_object_array_add(
+					requrired_arr,
+					json_object_new_string(property_name));
+			}
+		}
+
+		json_object_object_foreach(properties, property_name2,
+					   property_value2)
+		{
+			(void)property_name2;
+			if (iterate_make_required_props(property_value2,
+							all_valid_bits) < 0) {
+				json_object_put(requrired_arr);
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (all_valid_bits) {
+			json_object_object_add(jsonSchema, "required",
+					       requrired_arr);
+		} else {
+			json_object_put(requrired_arr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// ref
+	json_object *ref = json_object_object_get(jsonSchema, "$ref");
+	if (ref != NULL) {
+		const char *ref_str = json_object_get_string(ref);
+		if (ref_str != NULL) {
+			if (strlen(ref_str) < 1) {
+				cper_print_log("Failed seek filepath: %s\n",
+					       ref_str);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			size_t size =
+				strlen(LIBCPER_JSON_SPEC) + strlen(ref_str);
+			char *path = (char *)malloc(size);
+			int n = snprintf(path, size, "%s%s", LIBCPER_JSON_SPEC,
+					 ref_str + 1);
+			if (n != (int)size - 1) {
+				cper_print_log("Failed concat filepath: %s\n",
+					       ref_str);
+				free(path);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			json_object *ref_obj = json_object_from_file(path);
+			free(path);
+			if (ref_obj == NULL) {
+				cper_print_log("Failed to parse file: %s\n",
+					       ref_str);
+				return -1;
+			}
+
+			if (iterate_make_required_props(ref_obj,
+							all_valid_bits) < 0) {
+				json_object_put(ref_obj);
+				return -1;
+			}
+
+			json_object_object_foreach(ref_obj, key, val)
+			{
+				json_object_object_add(jsonSchema, key,
+						       json_object_get(val));
+			}
+			json_object_object_del(jsonSchema, "$ref");
+
+			json_object_put(ref_obj);
+		}
+	}
+
+	//oneOf
+	const json_object *oneOf = json_object_object_get(jsonSchema, "oneOf");
+	if (oneOf != NULL) {
+		size_t num_elements = json_object_array_length(oneOf);
+
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elements; i++) {
+			json_object *obj = json_object_array_get_idx(oneOf, i);
+			if (iterate_make_required_props(obj, all_valid_bits) <
+			    0) {
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	//items
+	const json_object *items = json_object_object_get(jsonSchema, "items");
+	if (items != NULL) {
+		json_object_object_foreach(items, key, val)
+		{
+			(void)key;
+			if (iterate_make_required_props(val, all_valid_bits) <
+			    0) {
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int schema_validate_from_file(json_object *to_test, int single_section,
+			      int all_valid_bits)
+{
+	const char *schema_file;
+	if (single_section) {
+		schema_file = "cper-json-section-log.json";
+	} else {
+		schema_file = "cper-json-full-log.json";
+	}
+	int size = strlen(schema_file) + 1 + strlen(LIBCPER_JSON_SPEC) + 1;
+	char *schema_path = malloc(size);
+	snprintf(schema_path, size, "%s/%s", LIBCPER_JSON_SPEC, schema_file);
+
+	json_object *schema = json_object_from_file(schema_path);
+
+	if (schema == NULL) {
+		cper_print_log("Could not parse schema file: %s", schema_path);
+		free(schema_path);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (iterate_make_required_props(schema, all_valid_bits) < 0) {
+		cper_print_log("Failed to make required props\n");
+		json_object_put(schema);
+		free(schema_path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	int err = jdac_validate(to_test, schema);
+	if (err == JDAC_ERR_VALID) {
+		cper_print_log("validation ok\n");
+		json_object_put(schema);
+		free(schema_path);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	cper_print_log("validate failed %d: %s\n", err, jdac_errorstr(err));
+
+	cper_print_log("schema: \n%s\n",
+		       json_object_to_json_string_ext(schema,
+						      JSON_C_TO_STRING_PRETTY));
+	cper_print_log("to_test: \n%s\n",
+		       json_object_to_json_string_ext(to_test,
+						      JSON_C_TO_STRING_PRETTY));
+	json_object_put(schema);
+	free(schema_path);
+	return 0;
+}