Guide to working on OpenBMC test automation. This document will always be a work-in-progress, feel free to propose changes.
For this project, we will write Robot keyword definitions in either Robot or Python. Robot code should be quite simple. Therefore, if the algorithm in question is the least bit complex, please write it in Python.
See the following for support on writing most keywords in python.
Observe a maximum line length of 110 characters.
Avoid trailing space at the end of any line of Robot code.
Avoid the use of tabs.
Robot supports delimiting cells with either two or more spaces or with a pipe symbol (e.g. "|"). Our team has chosen to use spaces rather than the pipe character. Make sure all space delimiters in Robot code are the minimum of two spaces. There may be some exceptions to this rule.
Exceptions to two-space delimiter rule:
Library Lib1
Resource Resource1
*** Variables ***
${var1} ${EMPTY}
[Template] Set System LED State # LED Name LED State power On power Off
Run Keyword If '${this}' == '${that}'
... Log Bla, bla...
... ELSE
... Run Keywords Key1 parms
... AND Key2 parms
Use single spaces to make conditions more readable:
Correct example:
Run Keyword If '${var1}' == '${0}' My Keyword
Incorrect example:
Run Keyword If '${var1}'=='${0}' My Keyword
When you define or call a Robot keyword, Robot pays no attention to spaces, underscores or case. However, our team will observe the following conventions in both our definitions and our calls:
Examples:
*** Keywords ***
This Is Correct
# This keyword name is correct.
this_is_incorrect
# This keyword name is incorrect because of 1) the
# underscores instead of spaces and 2) the failure to
# capitalize each word in the keyword.
soisthis
# This keyword name is incorrect because of 1) a failure to
# separate words with single spaces and 2) a failure to capitalize
# each word in the keyword.
BMC Is An Acronym
# This keyword name is correct. Note that "BMC" is an
# acronym and as such is entirely uppercase.
Documentation strings:
Each documentation string should be phrased as an English command. Punctuate it correctly with the first word capitalized and a period at the end.
Correct example:
Boot BMC
[Documentation] Boot the BMC.
Incorrect example:
Boot BMC
[Documentation] This keyword boots the BMC.
# The doc string above is not phrased as a command.
Doc strings should be just one terse, descriptive sentence. Remember that this doc string shows up in the HTML log file. Put additional commentary below in standard comment lines.
Correct example:
Stop SOL Console Logging
[Documentation] Stop system console logging and return log output.
Incorrect example:
Stop SOL Console Logging
[Documentation] Stop system console logging. If there are multiple
... system console processes, they will all be
... stopped. If there is no existing log file this
... keyword will return an error message to that
... effect (and write that message to targ_file_path,
... if specified). NOTE: This keyword will not fail
... if there is no running system console process.
# This doc string is way too long.
Tags:
Create a tag for every test suite with a tag name that represents the suite name as follows:
Create a suite Tag name from the test file name
Example:
Suite: test_boot_progress_code.robot
Test Tags Boot_Progress_Code
Create a tag for every test case with a tag name that mirrors the test case name as follows:
Create Intermediate File
[Tags] Create_Intermediate_File
Description of argument(s):
As shown in the following example, if your keyword has any arguments, include a "Description of argument(s)" section. This effectively serves as the help text for anyone wanting to use or understand your keyword. Include real data examples wherever possible and applicable. Leave at least 2 spaces between the argument name and the description. Align all description text as shown in the example below.
Example:
Get URL List
[Documentation] Return list of URLs under given URL.
[Arguments] ${openbmc_url} ${policy} ${verify}
# Description of argument(s):
# openbmc_url URL for list operation (e.g.
# "/xyz/openbmc_project/inventory").
# policy Power restore policy (e.g "RESTORE_LAST_STATE",
# ${RESTORE_LAST_STATE}, etc.).
# verify Verify the results (${TRUE}/${FALSE}).
Additional rules for example text in descriptions:
Variable assignments:
When assigning a variable as output from a keyword, do not precede the equal sign with a space.
Correct examples:
${var1}= Set Variable ${1}
${var1}= My Keyword
Incorrect examples:
${var1} = Set Variable ${1}
${var1} = My Keyword
General variable naming conventions:
Variable names should be lower case with few exceptions (listed here):
Words within a variable name should be separated by underscores:
Correct examples:
${host_name}
${program_pid}
Incorrect examples:
${HostName}
${ProgramPid}
Use good judgement in choosing variable names that are neither way too short nor way too long.
Correct examples:
${host_name}
${program_pid}
Incorrect examples:
${HostName}
${ProgramPid}
Avoid having the variable's type as a suffix portion of the name:
Incorrect examples:
${inventory_dict}
${led_list}
Incorrect examples:
${inventory}
# Use plural name to indicate that it is a list.
${leds}
A possible exception to this rule is when your keyword or function has an ongoing need to refer to one piece of data in more than one format (e.g. date_str, date_epoch, etc.).
Consistency of variable names:
Try to avoid referring to the same data entity by multiple different names. It creates a lot of confusion for the reader.
Incorrect example:
# Why call the receiving variable rc (return code) when the keyword is
# supposed to return status.
${rc}= Run Keyword And Return Status Bla Bla
Correct example:
${status}= Run Keyword And Return Status Bla Bla
Special variable naming conventions.
For certain very commonly used kinds of variables, please observe these conventions in order to achieve consistency throughout the code.
hosts
When a variable is intended to contain either an IP address or a host name (whether long or short), please give it a suffix of "_host".
Examples:
openbmc_host os_host pdu_host openbmc_serial_host
host names
For host names (long or short, e.g. "bmc1" or "bmc1.example.com"), use a suffix of _host_name.
Examples:
openbmc_host_name os_host_name pdu_host_name openbmc_serial_host_name
Short host names
For short host names (e.g. "bmc1"), use a suffix of _host_short_name.
Examples:
openbmc_host_short_name os_host_short_name pdu_host_short_name openbmc_serial_host_short_name
IP addresses
For IP addresses, use a suffix of _ip.
Example:
openbmc_ip os_ip pdu_ip openbmc_serial_ip
Files and directories:
Files:
If your variable is to contain only the file's name, use a suffix of _file_name.
Examples:
ffdc_file_name = "bmc1.170428.120200.ffdc"
If your variable is to contain the path to a file, use a suffix of _file_path. Bear in mind that a file path can be relative or absolute, so that should not be a consideration in whether to use the "_file_path" suffix.
Examples:
status_file_path = "bmc1.170428.120200.status" status_file_path = "subdir/bmc1.170428.120200.status" status_file_path = "./bmc1.170428.120200.status" status_file_path = "../bmc1.170428.120200.status" status_file_path = "/home/user1/status/bmc1.170428.120200.status"
To re-iterate, it doesn't matter whether the contents of the variable are a relative or absolute path (as shown in the examples above). A file path is simply a value with enough information in it for the program to find the file.
If the variable must contain an absolute path (which should be the rare case), use a suffix _abs_file_path.
Directories:
Directory variables should follow the same conventions as file variables.
If your variable is to contain only the directory's name, use a suffix of _dir_name.
Example:
ffdc_dir_name = "ffdc"
If your variable is to contain the path to a directory, use a suffix of _dir_path. Bear in mind that a dir path can be relative or absolute, so that should not be a consideration in whether to use _dir_path.
Examples:
status_dir_path = "status/" status_dir_path = "subdir/status" status_dir_path = "./status/" status_dir_path = "../status/" status_dir_path = "/home/user1/status/"
To re-iterate, it doesn't matter whether the contents of the variable are a relative or absolute path (as shown in the examples above). A dir path is simply a value with enough information in it for the program to find the directory.
If the variable must contain an absolute path (which should be the rare case), use a suffix _abs_dir_path.
IMPORTANT: As a programming convention, do pre- processing on all dir_path variables to ensure that they contain a trailing slash. If we follow that convention religiously, then when changes are made in other parts of the program, the programmer can count on the value having a trailing slash. Therefore, they can safely do this kind of thing:
my_file_path = my_dir_path + my_file_name
Setup/Teardown keywords
Use standardized names for setup and teardown keywords:
Traditional comments (i.e. using the hashtag style comments)
Please leave one space following the hashtag.
#wrong # Right
Please use proper English punctuation:
Do not keep commented-out code in your program. Instead, remove it entirely.
Robot Template Test Cases
Follow this format for Robot template test cases:
Note: Documentation, Tags and Template lines are all required and should be coded in the order shown.
Test Case Name
[Documentation]
[Tags]
[Template]
# arg1 arg2 etc.
<arg1> <arg2>
Example:
Get Response Codes
[Documentation] REST "Get" response status test.
[Tags] Get_Response_Codes
[Template] Execute Get And Check Response
# expected_response_code url_path
${HTTP_OK} /org/
${HTTP_OK} /xyz/
${HTTP_OK} /xyz/openbmc_project/
${HTTP_OK} /xyz/openbmc_project/state/enumerate
${HTTP_NOT_FOUND} /xyz/i/dont/exist/
Note: Normally, a template test case would have many rows of data arguments as in the example above. However, contributors frequently define multiple template test cases that each have only one row of data which may seem to defeat the value of using templates in the first place. However, it is done for these reasons: 1) Template tests are counted as a single test. The user may wish to have separate results for each call to the template function. 2) If any call to the template function fails, one would like FFDC data collected immediately and would like one set of FFDC data for EACH such failure.
The minimum required Python version is 2.7.x. In the very near future, we will stop supporting python 2 and will require python 3.
Run pycodestyle on all Python files and correct errors to follow the guidelines in https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/. Note that when python code is checked into gerrit, pycodestyle is run automatically on it.
Example as run from a Linux command line:
pycodestyle my_pgm.py my_pgm.py:41:1: E302 expected 2 blank lines, found 1 my_pgm.py:58:52: W291 trailing whitespace
Include doc strings in every function and follow the guidelines in https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/.
Example:
r"""
Return the function name associated with the indicated stack frame.
Description of argument(s):
stack_frame_ix The index of the stack frame whose
function name should be returned. If
the caller does not specify a value,
this function will set the value to 1
which is the index of the caller's
stack frame. If the caller is the
wrapper function "print_func_name",
this function will bump it up by 1.
"""
As shown in the prior example, if your function has any arguments, include a "Description of argument(s)" section. This effectively serves as the help text for anyone wanting to use or understand your function. Include real data examples wherever possible and applicable.
Function definitions:
Put each function parameter on its own line:
def func1(parm1,
parm2):
Do not keep commented-out code in your program. Instead, remove it entirely.
When you define a python function, observe the following conventions:
Examples:
def this_is_correct(): # This function name is correct. def This_Is_Incorrect(): # This keyword name is incorrect because of the upper case letters used. def soisthis(): # This keyword name is incorrect because of 1) a failure to # separate words with underscores.
Documentation strings:
Each documentation string should be phrased as an English command. Punctuate it correctly with the first word capitalized and a period at the end.
Correct example:
def boot_bmc():
r"""
Boot the BMC.
"""
Incorrect example:
def boot_bmc():
r"""
This function boots the BMC.
"""
# The doc string above is not phrased as a command.
Doc strings should begin with a summary line which is one terse, descriptive sentence. Put additional commentary below.
Correct example:
def stop_sol_console_logging():
r"""
Stop system console logging and return log output.
Additional comments...
"""
Incorrect example:
def stop_sol_console_logging():
r"""
Stop system console logging. If there are multiple system console
processes, they will all be stopped. If there is no existing log file
this keyword will return an error message to that effect (and write that
message to targ_file_path, if specified). NOTE: This keyword will not
fail if there is no running system console process.
"""
# This summary is way too long.
General variable naming conventions:
Variable names should be lower case with few exceptions (listed here):
Words within a variable name should be separated by underscores:
Correct examples:
${host_name}
${program_pid}
Incorrect examples:
${HostName}
${ProgramPid}
Special variable naming conventions.
For certain very commonly used kinds of variables, please observe these conventions in order to achieve consistency throughout the code.
hosts
When a variable is intended to contain either an IP address or a host name (either long or short), please give it a suffix of "_host".
Examples:
openbmc_host os_host pdu_host openbmc_serial_host
host names
For host names (long or short, e.g. "bmc1" or "bmc1.example.com"), use a suffix of _host_name.
Examples:
openbmc_host_name os_host_name pdu_host_name openbmc_serial_host_name
Short host names
For short host names (e.g. "bmc1"), use a suffix of _host_short_name.
Examples:
openbmc_host_short_name os_host_short_name pdu_host_short_name openbmc_serial_host_short_name
IP addresses
For IP addresses, use a suffix of _ip.
Example:
openbmc_ip os_ip pdu_ip openbmc_serial_ip
Files and directories:
Files:
If your variable is to contain only the file's name, use a suffix of _file_name.
Examples:
ffdc_file_name = "bmc1.170428.120200.ffdc"
If your variable is to contain the path to a file, use a suffix of _file_path. Bear in mind that a file path can be relative or absolute, so that should not be a consideration in whether to use the "_file_path" suffix.
Examples:
status_file_path = "bmc1.170428.120200.status" status_file_path = "subdir/bmc1.170428.120200.status" status_file_path = "./bmc1.170428.120200.status" status_file_path = "../bmc1.170428.120200.status" status_file_path = "/home/user1/status/bmc1.170428.120200.status"
To re-iterate, it doesn't matter whether the contents of the variable are a relative or absolute path (as shown in the examples above). A file path is simply a value with enough information in it for the program to find the file.
If the variable must contain an absolute path (which should be the rare case), use a suffix _abs_file_path.
Directories:
Directory variables should follow the same conventions as file variables.
If your variable is to contain only the directory's name, use a suffix of _dir_name.
Example:
ffdc_dir_name = "ffdc"
If your variable is to contain the path to a directory, use a suffix of _dir_path. Bear in mind that a dir path can be relative or absolute so, that should not be a consideration in whether to use _dir_path.
Examples:
status_dir_path = "status/" status_dir_path = "subdir/status" status_dir_path = "./status/" status_dir_path = "../status/" status_dir_path = "/home/user1/status/"
To re-iterate, it doesn't matter whether the contents of the variable are a relative or absolute path (as shown in the examples above). A dir path is simply a value with enough information in it for the program to find the directory.
If the variable must contain an absolute path (which should be the rare case), use a suffix _abs_dir_path.
IMPORTANT: As a programming convention, do pre- processing on all dir_path variables to ensure that they contain a trailing slash. If we follow that convention religiously, that when changes are made in other parts of the program, the programmer can count on the value having a trailing slash. Therefore they can safely do this kind of thing:
my_file_path = my_dir_path + my_file_name
Traditional comments (i.e. using the hashtag style comments)
Please leave one space following the hashtag.
#wrong # Right
Please use proper English punction:
Do not keep commented-out code in your program. Instead, remove it entirely.
We have several templates in the templates/ sub-directory. If there is a template that applies to your programming situation (Python, bash, etc.), it should be used to create new programs as in the following example
Example:
$ cd templates $ cp python_pgm_template] ../bin/my_new_program.py
These templates have much of your preliminary work done for you and will help us all follow a similar structure.
See python_pgm_template as an example.
Features:
Help text and arg parsing started for you.
Support for "stock" parameters like "quiet", "debug", "test_mode".
"exit_function" pre-defined.
"validate_parms" function pre-defined.
"main" function follows conventional startup sequence:
gen_get_options(parser, stock_list)
validate_parms()
qprint_pgm_header()
# Your code here.