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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-2.0-UK
+
+**********************
+Concepts and Reference
+**********************
+
+In order to configure and use Toaster, you should understand some
+concepts and have some basic command reference material available. This
+final chapter provides conceptual information on layer sources,
+releases, and JSON configuration files. Also provided is a quick look at
+some useful ``manage.py`` commands that are Toaster-specific.
+Information on ``manage.py`` commands does exist across the Web and the
+information in this manual by no means attempts to provide a command
+comprehensive reference.
+
+Layer Source
+============
+
+In general, a "layer source" is a source of information about existing
+layers. In particular, we are concerned with layers that you can use
+with the Yocto Project and Toaster. This chapter describes a particular
+type of layer source called a "layer index."
+
+A layer index is a web application that contains information about a set
+of custom layers. A good example of an existing layer index is the
+OpenEmbedded Layer Index. A public instance of this layer index exists
+at http://layers.openembedded.org. You can find the code for this
+layer index's web application at :yocto_git:`/layerindex-web/`.
+
+When you tie a layer source into Toaster, it can query the layer source
+through a
+`REST <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer>`__
+API, store the information about the layers in the Toaster database, and
+then show the information to users. Users are then able to view that
+information and build layers from Toaster itself without worrying about
+cloning or editing the BitBake layers configuration file
+``bblayers.conf``.
+
+Tying a layer source into Toaster is convenient when you have many
+custom layers that need to be built on a regular basis by a community of
+developers. In fact, Toaster comes pre-configured with the OpenEmbedded
+Metadata Index.
+
+.. note::
+
+   You do not have to use a layer source to use Toaster. Tying into a
+   layer source is optional.
+
+Setting Up and Using a Layer Source
+-----------------------------------
+
+To use your own layer source, you need to set up the layer source and
+then tie it into Toaster. This section describes how to tie into a layer
+index in a manner similar to the way Toaster ties into the OpenEmbedded
+Metadata Index.
+
+Understanding Your Layers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The obvious first step for using a layer index is to have several custom
+layers that developers build and access using the Yocto Project on a
+regular basis. This set of layers needs to exist and you need to be
+familiar with where they reside. You will need that information when you
+set up the code for the web application that "hooks" into your set of
+layers.
+
+For general information on layers, see the
+":ref:`overview-manual/yp-intro:the yocto project layer model`"
+section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual. For information on how
+to create layers, see the ":ref:`dev-manual/common-tasks:understanding and creating layers`"
+section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
+
+Configuring Toaster to Hook Into Your Layer Index
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you want Toaster to use your layer index, you must host the web
+application in a server to which Toaster can connect. You also need to
+give Toaster the information about your layer index. In other words, you
+have to configure Toaster to use your layer index. This section
+describes two methods by which you can configure and use your layer
+index.
+
+In the previous section, the code for the OpenEmbedded Metadata Index
+(i.e. http://layers.openembedded.org) was referenced. You can use
+this code, which is at :yocto_git:`/layerindex-web/`, as a base to create
+your own layer index.
+
+Use the Administration Interface
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Access the administration interface through a browser by entering the
+URL of your Toaster instance and adding "``/admin``" to the end of the
+URL. As an example, if you are running Toaster locally, use the
+following URL::
+
+   http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin
+
+The administration interface has a "Layer sources" section that includes
+an "Add layer source" button. Click that button and provide the required
+information. Make sure you select "layerindex" as the layer source type.
+
+Use the Fixture Feature
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The Django fixture feature overrides the default layer server when you
+use it to specify a custom URL. To use the fixture feature, create (or
+edit) the file ``bitbake/lib/toaster.orm/fixtures/custom.xml``, and then
+set the following Toaster setting to your custom URL:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" ?>
+   <django-objects version="1.0">
+      <object model="orm.toastersetting" pk="100">
+         <field name="name" type="CharField">CUSTOM_LAYERINDEX_SERVER</field>
+         <field name="value" type="CharField">https://layers.my_organization.org/layerindex/branch/master/layers/</field>
+      </object>
+   <django-objects>
+
+When you start Toaster for the first time, or
+if you delete the file ``toaster.sqlite`` and restart, the database will
+populate cleanly from this layer index server.
+
+Once the information has been updated, verify the new layer information
+is available by using the Toaster web interface. To do that, visit the
+"All compatible layers" page inside a Toaster project. The layers from
+your layer source should be listed there.
+
+If you change the information in your layer index server, refresh the
+Toaster database by running the following command:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+   $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py lsupdates
+
+
+If Toaster can reach the API URL, you should see a message telling you that
+Toaster is updating the layer source information.
+
+Releases
+========
+
+When you create a Toaster project using the web interface, you are asked
+to choose a "Release." In the context of Toaster, the term "Release"
+refers to a set of layers and a BitBake version the OpenEmbedded build
+system uses to build something. As shipped, Toaster is pre-configured
+with releases that correspond to Yocto Project release branches.
+However, you can modify, delete, and create new releases according to
+your needs. This section provides some background information on
+releases.
+
+Pre-Configured Releases
+-----------------------
+
+As shipped, Toaster is configured to use a specific set of releases. Of
+course, you can always configure Toaster to use any release. For
+example, you might want your project to build against a specific commit
+of any of the "out-of-the-box" releases. Or, you might want your project
+to build against different revisions of OpenEmbedded and BitBake.
+
+As shipped, Toaster is configured to work with the following releases:
+
+-  *Yocto Project &DISTRO; "&DISTRO_NAME;" or OpenEmbedded "&DISTRO_NAME;":*
+   This release causes your Toaster projects to build against the head
+   of the &DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP; branch at
+   :yocto_git:`/poky/log/?h=&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;` or
+   :oe_git:`/openembedded-core/commit/?h=&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;`.
+
+-  *Yocto Project "Master" or OpenEmbedded "Master":* This release
+   causes your Toaster Projects to build against the head of the master
+   branch, which is where active development takes place, at
+   :yocto_git:`/poky/log/` or :oe_git:`/openembedded-core/log/`.
+
+-  *Local Yocto Project or Local OpenEmbedded:* This release causes your
+   Toaster Projects to build against the head of the ``poky`` or
+   ``openembedded-core`` clone you have local to the machine running
+   Toaster.
+
+Configuring Toaster
+===================
+
+In order to use Toaster, you must configure the database with the
+default content. The following subsections describe various aspects of
+Toaster configuration.
+
+Configuring the Workflow
+------------------------
+
+The ``bldcontrol/management/commands/checksettings.py`` file controls
+workflow configuration. The following steps outline the process to
+initially populate this database.
+
+1. The default project settings are set from
+   ``orm/fixtures/settings.xml``.
+
+2. The default project distro and layers are added from
+   ``orm/fixtures/poky.xml`` if poky is installed. If poky is not
+   installed, they are added from ``orm/fixtures/oe-core.xml``.
+
+3. If the ``orm/fixtures/custom.xml`` file exists, then its values are
+   added.
+
+4. The layer index is then scanned and added to the database.
+
+Once these steps complete, Toaster is set up and ready to use.
+
+Customizing Pre-Set Data
+------------------------
+
+The pre-set data for Toaster is easily customizable. You can create the
+``orm/fixtures/custom.xml`` file to customize the values that go into to
+the database. Customization is additive, and can either extend or
+completely replace the existing values.
+
+You use the ``orm/fixtures/custom.xml`` file to change the default
+project settings for the machine, distro, file images, and layers. When
+creating a new project, you can use the file to define the offered
+alternate project release selections. For example, you can add one or
+more additional selections that present custom layer sets or distros,
+and any other local or proprietary content.
+
+Additionally, you can completely disable the content from the
+``oe-core.xml`` and ``poky.xml`` files by defining the section shown
+below in the ``settings.xml`` file. For example, this option is
+particularly useful if your custom configuration defines fewer releases
+or layers than the default fixture files.
+
+The following example sets "name" to "CUSTOM_XML_ONLY" and its value to
+"True".
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <object model="orm.toastersetting" pk="99">
+      <field type="CharField" name="name">CUSTOM_XML_ONLY</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="value">True</field>
+   </object>
+
+Understanding Fixture File Format
+---------------------------------
+
+The following is an overview of the file format used by the
+``oe-core.xml``, ``poky.xml``, and ``custom.xml`` files.
+
+The following subsections describe each of the sections in the fixture
+files, and outline an example section of the XML code. you can use to
+help understand this information and create a local ``custom.xml`` file.
+
+Defining the Default Distro and Other Values
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This section defines the default distro value for new projects. By
+default, it reserves the first Toaster Setting record "1". The following
+demonstrates how to set the project default value for
+:term:`DISTRO`:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <!-- Set the project default value for DISTRO -->
+   <object model="orm.toastersetting" pk="1">
+      <field type="CharField" name="name">DEFCONF_DISTRO</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="value">poky</field>
+   </object>
+
+You can override
+other default project values by adding additional Toaster Setting
+sections such as any of the settings coming from the ``settings.xml``
+file. Also, you can add custom values that are included in the BitBake
+environment. The "pk" values must be unique. By convention, values that
+set default project values have a "DEFCONF" prefix.
+
+Defining BitBake Version
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The following defines which version of BitBake is used for the following
+release selection:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <!-- Bitbake versions which correspond to the metadata release -->
+   <object model="orm.bitbakeversion" pk="1">
+      <field type="CharField" name="name">&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="giturl">git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="branch">&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="dirpath">bitbake</field>
+   </object>
+
+Defining Release
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The following defines the releases when you create a new project:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <!-- Releases available -->
+   <object model="orm.release" pk="1">
+      <field type="CharField" name="name">&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="description">Yocto Project &DISTRO; "&DISTRO_NAME;"</field>
+      <field rel="ManyToOneRel" to="orm.bitbakeversion" name="bitbake_version">1</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="branch_name">&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;</field>
+      <field type="TextField" name="helptext">Toaster will run your builds using the tip of the <a href="http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/log/?h=&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;">Yocto Project &DISTRO_NAME; branch</a>.</field>
+   </object>
+
+The "pk" value must match the above respective BitBake version record.
+
+Defining the Release Default Layer Names
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The following defines the default layers for each release:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <!-- Default project layers for each release -->
+   <object model="orm.releasedefaultlayer" pk="1">
+      <field rel="ManyToOneRel" to="orm.release" name="release">1</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="layer_name">openembedded-core</field>
+   </object>
+
+The 'pk' values in the example above should start at "1" and increment
+uniquely. You can use the same layer name in multiple releases.
+
+Defining Layer Definitions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Layer definitions are the most complex. The following defines each of
+the layers, and then defines the exact layer version of the layer used
+for each respective release. You must have one ``orm.layer`` entry for
+each layer. Then, with each entry you need a set of
+``orm.layer_version`` entries that connects the layer with each release
+that includes the layer. In general all releases include the layer.
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <object model="orm.layer" pk="1">
+      <field type="CharField" name="name">openembedded-core</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="layer_index_url"></field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="vcs_url">git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="vcs_web_url">http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="vcs_web_tree_base_url">http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/tree/%path%?h=%branch%</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="vcs_web_file_base_url">http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/tree/%path%?h=%branch%</field>
+   </object>
+   <object model="orm.layer_version" pk="1">
+      <field rel="ManyToOneRel" to="orm.layer" name="layer">1</field>
+      <field type="IntegerField" name="layer_source">0</field>
+      <field rel="ManyToOneRel" to="orm.release" name="release">1</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="branch">&DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP;</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="dirpath">meta</field>
+   </object> <object model="orm.layer_version" pk="2">
+      <field rel="ManyToOneRel" to="orm.layer" name="layer">1</field>
+      <field type="IntegerField" name="layer_source">0</field>
+      <field rel="ManyToOneRel" to="orm.release" name="release">2</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="branch">HEAD</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="commit">HEAD</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="dirpath">meta</field>
+   </object>
+   <object model="orm.layer_version" pk="3">
+      <field rel="ManyToOneRel" to="orm.layer" name="layer">1</field>
+      <field type="IntegerField" name="layer_source">0</field>
+      <field rel="ManyToOneRel" to="orm.release" name="release">3</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="branch">master</field>
+      <field type="CharField" name="dirpath">meta</field>
+   </object>
+
+The layer "pk" values above must be unique, and typically start at "1". The
+layer version "pk" values must also be unique across all layers, and typically
+start at "1".
+
+Remote Toaster Monitoring
+=========================
+
+Toaster has an API that allows remote management applications to
+directly query the state of the Toaster server and its builds in a
+machine-to-machine manner. This API uses the
+`REST <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer>`__
+interface and the transfer of JSON files. For example, you might monitor
+a build inside a container through well supported known HTTP ports in
+order to easily access a Toaster server inside the container. In this
+example, when you use this direct JSON API, you avoid having web page
+parsing against the display the user sees.
+
+Checking Health
+---------------
+
+Before you use remote Toaster monitoring, you should do a health check.
+To do this, ping the Toaster server using the following call to see if
+it is still alive::
+
+   http://host:port/health
+
+Be sure to provide values for host and port. If the server is alive, you will
+get the response HTML:
+
+.. code-block:: html
+
+   <!DOCTYPE html>
+   <html lang="en">
+      <head><title>Toaster Health</title></head>
+      <body>Ok</body>
+   </html>
+
+Determining Status of Builds in Progress
+----------------------------------------
+
+Sometimes it is useful to determine the status of a build in progress.
+To get the status of pending builds, use the following call::
+
+   http://host:port/toastergui/api/building
+
+Be sure to provide values for host and port. The output is a JSON file that
+itemizes all builds in progress. This file includes the time in seconds since
+each respective build started as well as the progress of the cloning, parsing,
+and task execution. The following is sample output for a build in progress:
+
+.. code-block:: JSON
+
+   {"count": 1,
+    "building": [
+      {"machine": "beaglebone",
+        "seconds": "463.869",
+        "task": "927:2384",
+        "distro": "poky",
+        "clone": "1:1",
+        "id": 2,
+        "start": "2017-09-22T09:31:44.887Z",
+        "name": "20170922093200",
+        "parse": "818:818",
+        "project": "my_rocko",
+        "target": "core-image-minimal"
+      }]
+   }
+
+The JSON data for this query is returned in a
+single line. In the previous example the line has been artificially
+split for readability.
+
+Checking Status of Builds Completed
+-----------------------------------
+
+Once a build is completed, you get the status when you use the following
+call::
+
+   http://host:port/toastergui/api/builds
+
+Be sure to provide values for host and port. The output is a JSON file that
+itemizes all complete builds, and includes build summary information. The
+following is sample output for a completed build:
+
+.. code-block:: JSON
+
+   {"count": 1,
+    "builds": [
+      {"distro": "poky",
+         "errors": 0,
+         "machine": "beaglebone",
+         "project": "my_rocko",
+         "stop": "2017-09-22T09:26:36.017Z",
+         "target": "quilt-native",
+         "seconds": "78.193",
+         "outcome": "Succeeded",
+         "id": 1,
+         "start": "2017-09-22T09:25:17.824Z",
+         "warnings": 1,
+         "name": "20170922092618"
+      }]
+   }
+
+The JSON data for this query is returned in a single line. In the
+previous example the line has been artificially split for readability.
+
+Determining Status of a Specific Build
+--------------------------------------
+
+Sometimes it is useful to determine the status of a specific build. To
+get the status of a specific build, use the following call::
+
+   http://host:port/toastergui/api/build/ID
+
+Be sure to provide values for
+host, port, and ID. You can find the value for ID from the Builds
+Completed query. See the ":ref:`toaster-manual/reference:checking status of builds completed`"
+section for more information.
+
+The output is a JSON file that itemizes the specific build and includes
+build summary information. The following is sample output for a specific
+build:
+
+.. code-block:: JSON
+
+   {"build":
+      {"distro": "poky",
+       "errors": 0,
+       "machine": "beaglebone",
+       "project": "my_rocko",
+       "stop": "2017-09-22T09:26:36.017Z",
+       "target": "quilt-native",
+       "seconds": "78.193",
+       "outcome": "Succeeded",
+       "id": 1,
+       "start": "2017-09-22T09:25:17.824Z",
+       "warnings": 1,
+       "name": "20170922092618",
+       "cooker_log": "/opt/user/poky/build-toaster-2/tmp/log/cooker/beaglebone/build_20170922_022607.991.log"
+      }
+   }
+
+The JSON data for this query is returned in a single line. In the
+previous example the line has been artificially split for readability.
+
+Useful Commands
+===============
+
+In addition to the web user interface and the scripts that start and
+stop Toaster, command-line commands exist through the ``manage.py``
+management script. You can find general documentation on ``manage.py``
+at the
+`Django <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/settings/>`__
+site. However, several ``manage.py`` commands have been created that are
+specific to Toaster and are used to control configuration and back-end
+tasks. You can locate these commands in the
+:term:`Source Directory` (e.g. ``poky``) at
+``bitbake/lib/manage.py``. This section documents those commands.
+
+.. note::
+
+   -  When using ``manage.py`` commands given a default configuration,
+      you must be sure that your working directory is set to the
+      :term:`Build Directory`. Using
+      ``manage.py`` commands from the Build Directory allows Toaster to
+      find the ``toaster.sqlite`` file, which is located in the Build
+      Directory.
+
+   -  For non-default database configurations, it is possible that you
+      can use ``manage.py`` commands from a directory other than the
+      Build Directory. To do so, the ``toastermain/settings.py`` file
+      must be configured to point to the correct database backend.
+
+``buildslist``
+--------------
+
+The ``buildslist`` command lists all builds that Toaster has recorded.
+Access the command as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+   $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py buildslist
+
+The command returns a list, which includes numeric
+identifications, of the builds that Toaster has recorded in the current
+database.
+
+You need to run the ``buildslist`` command first to identify existing
+builds in the database before using the
+:ref:`toaster-manual/reference:\`\`builddelete\`\`` command. Here is an
+example that assumes default repository and build directory names:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+   $ cd ~/poky/build
+   $ python ../bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py buildslist
+
+If your Toaster database had only one build, the above
+:ref:`toaster-manual/reference:\`\`buildslist\`\``
+command would return something like the following::
+
+   1: qemux86 poky core-image-minimal
+
+``builddelete``
+---------------
+
+The ``builddelete`` command deletes data associated with a build. Access
+the command as follows:
+
+.. code-block::
+
+   $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py builddelete build_id
+
+The command deletes all the build data for the specified
+build_id. This command is useful for removing old and unused data from
+the database.
+
+Prior to running the ``builddelete`` command, you need to get the ID
+associated with builds by using the
+:ref:`toaster-manual/reference:\`\`buildslist\`\`` command.
+
+``perf``
+--------
+
+The ``perf`` command measures Toaster performance. Access the command as
+follows:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+   $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py perf
+
+The command is a sanity check that returns page loading times in order to
+identify performance problems.
+
+``checksettings``
+-----------------
+
+The ``checksettings`` command verifies existing Toaster settings. Access
+the command as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+   $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py checksettings
+
+Toaster uses settings that are based on the database to configure the
+building tasks. The ``checksettings`` command verifies that the database
+settings are valid in the sense that they have the minimal information
+needed to start a build.
+
+In order for the ``checksettings`` command to work, the database must be
+correctly set up and not have existing data. To be sure the database is
+ready, you can run the following:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+   $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py syncdb
+   $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py migrate orm
+   $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py migrate bldcontrol
+
+After running these commands, you can run the ``checksettings`` command.
+
+``runbuilds``
+-------------
+
+The ``runbuilds`` command launches scheduled builds. Access the command
+as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+   $ bitbake/lib/toaster/manage.py runbuilds
+
+The ``runbuilds`` command checks if scheduled builds exist in the database
+and then launches them per schedule. The command returns after the builds
+start but before they complete. The Toaster Logging Interface records and
+updates the database when the builds complete.