regulators: Add pmbus_write_vout_command action

Implement the pmbus_write_vout_command action in the JSON config file.
See pmbus_write_vout_command.md for more information about this action.

Signed-off-by: Shawn McCarney <shawnmm@us.ibm.com>
Change-Id: Idef8da56d19df8a416efec068ffa9fb9493100cc
diff --git a/phosphor-regulators/src/actions/pmbus_write_vout_command_action.cpp b/phosphor-regulators/src/actions/pmbus_write_vout_command_action.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae5ac4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phosphor-regulators/src/actions/pmbus_write_vout_command_action.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright © 2020 IBM Corporation
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "pmbus_write_vout_command_action.hpp"
+
+#include "action_error.hpp"
+#include "pmbus_error.hpp"
+#include "write_verification_error.hpp"
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <ios>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace phosphor::power::regulators
+{
+
+bool PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction::execute(ActionEnvironment& environment)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // Get volts value
+        double voltsValue = getVoltsValue(environment);
+
+        // Get I2C interface to current device
+        i2c::I2CInterface& interface = getI2CInterface(environment);
+
+        // Get exponent value for converting volts value to linear format
+        int8_t exponentValue = getExponentValue(interface);
+
+        // Convert volts value to linear data format
+        uint16_t linearValue =
+            pmbus_utils::convertToVoutLinear(voltsValue, exponentValue);
+
+        // Write linear format value to VOUT_COMMAND.  I2CInterface method
+        // writes low-order byte first as required by PMBus.
+        interface.write(pmbus_utils::VOUT_COMMAND, linearValue);
+
+        // Verify write if necessary
+        if (isWriteVerified)
+        {
+            verifyWrite(environment, interface, linearValue);
+        }
+    }
+    // Nest the following exception types within an ActionError so the caller
+    // will have both the low level error information and the action information
+    catch (const i2c::I2CException& i2cError)
+    {
+        std::throw_with_nested(ActionError(*this));
+    }
+    catch (const PMBusError& pmbusError)
+    {
+        std::throw_with_nested(ActionError(*this));
+    }
+    catch (const WriteVerificationError& verifyError)
+    {
+        std::throw_with_nested(ActionError(*this));
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::string PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction::toString() const
+{
+    std::ostringstream ss;
+    ss << "pmbus_write_vout_command: { ";
+
+    if (volts.has_value())
+    {
+        ss << "volts: " << volts.value() << ", ";
+    }
+
+    // Only linear format is currently supported
+    ss << "format: linear";
+
+    if (exponent.has_value())
+    {
+        ss << ", exponent: " << static_cast<int16_t>(exponent.value());
+    }
+
+    ss << ", is_verified: " << std::boolalpha << isWriteVerified << " }";
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+int8_t
+    PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction::getExponentValue(i2c::I2CInterface& interface)
+{
+    // Check if an exponent value is defined for this action
+    if (exponent.has_value())
+    {
+        return exponent.value();
+    }
+
+    // Read value of the VOUT_MODE command
+    uint8_t voutModeValue;
+    interface.read(pmbus_utils::VOUT_MODE, voutModeValue);
+
+    // Parse VOUT_MODE value to get data format and parameter value
+    pmbus_utils::VoutDataFormat format;
+    int8_t parameter;
+    pmbus_utils::parseVoutMode(voutModeValue, format, parameter);
+
+    // Verify format is linear; other formats not currently supported
+    if (format != pmbus_utils::VoutDataFormat::linear)
+    {
+        throw PMBusError("VOUT_MODE contains unsupported data format");
+    }
+
+    // Return parameter value; it contains the exponent when format is linear
+    return parameter;
+}
+
+double
+    PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction::getVoltsValue(ActionEnvironment& environment)
+{
+    double voltsValue;
+
+    if (volts.has_value())
+    {
+        // A volts value is defined for this action
+        voltsValue = volts.value();
+    }
+    else if (environment.hasVolts())
+    {
+        // A volts value is defined in the ActionEnvironment
+        voltsValue = environment.getVolts();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        throw ActionError(*this, "No volts value defined");
+    }
+
+    return voltsValue;
+}
+
+void PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction::verifyWrite(ActionEnvironment& environment,
+                                              i2c::I2CInterface& interface,
+                                              uint16_t valueWritten)
+{
+    // Read current value of VOUT_COMMAND.  I2CInterface method reads low byte
+    // first as required by PMBus.
+    uint16_t valueRead{0x00};
+    interface.read(pmbus_utils::VOUT_COMMAND, valueRead);
+
+    // Verify value read equals value written
+    if (valueRead != valueWritten)
+    {
+        std::ostringstream ss;
+        ss << "device: " << environment.getDeviceID()
+           << ", register: VOUT_COMMAND, value_written: 0x" << std::hex
+           << std::uppercase << valueWritten << ", value_read: 0x" << valueRead;
+        throw WriteVerificationError(ss.str());
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace phosphor::power::regulators
diff --git a/phosphor-regulators/src/actions/pmbus_write_vout_command_action.hpp b/phosphor-regulators/src/actions/pmbus_write_vout_command_action.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ed1e10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phosphor-regulators/src/actions/pmbus_write_vout_command_action.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright © 2020 IBM Corporation
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "action_environment.hpp"
+#include "i2c_action.hpp"
+#include "i2c_interface.hpp"
+#include "pmbus_utils.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace phosphor::power::regulators
+{
+
+/**
+ * @class PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction
+ *
+ * Writes the value of VOUT_COMMAND to set the output voltage of a PMBus
+ * regulator rail.  Communicates with the device directly using the I2C
+ * interface.
+ *
+ * Implements the pmbus_write_vout_command action in the JSON config file.
+ *
+ * The volts value to write can be specified in the constructor.  Otherwise, the
+ * volts value will be obtained from the ActionEnvironment.
+ *
+ * The PMBus specification defines four data formats for the value of
+ * VOUT_COMMAND:
+ * - Linear
+ * - VID
+ * - Direct
+ * - IEEE Half-Precision Floating Point
+ * Currently only the linear data format is supported.  The volts value is
+ * converted into linear format before being written.
+ *
+ * The linear data format requires an exponent value.  The exponent value can be
+ * specified in the constructor.  Otherwise the exponent value will be obtained
+ * from the PMBus VOUT_MODE command.  Note that some PMBus devices do not
+ * support the VOUT_MODE command.  The exponent value for a device is often
+ * found in the device documentation (data sheet).
+ *
+ * If desired, write verification can be performed.  The value of VOUT_COMMAND
+ * will be read from the device after it is written to ensure that it contains
+ * the expected value.  If VOUT_COMMAND contains an unexpected value, a
+ * WriteVerificationError is thrown.  To perform verification, the device must
+ * return all 16 bits of voltage data that were written to VOUT_COMMAND.
+ */
+class PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction : public I2CAction
+{
+  public:
+    // Specify which compiler-generated methods we want
+    PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction() = delete;
+    PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction(const PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction&) = delete;
+    PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction(PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction&&) = delete;
+    PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction&
+        operator=(const PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction&) = delete;
+    PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction&
+        operator=(PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction&&) = delete;
+    virtual ~PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * Throws an exception if any of the input parameters are invalid.
+     *
+     * @param volts Optional volts value to write to VOUT_COMMAND.
+     * @param format Data format of the volts value written to VOUT_COMMAND.
+     *               Currently the only supported format is linear.
+     * @param exponent Optional exponent to use to convert the volts value to
+     *                 linear data format.
+     * @param isVerified Specifies whether the updated value of VOUT_COMMAND is
+     *                   verified by reading it from the device.
+     */
+    explicit PMBusWriteVoutCommandAction(std::optional<double> volts,
+                                         pmbus_utils::VoutDataFormat format,
+                                         std::optional<int8_t> exponent,
+                                         bool isVerified) :
+        volts{volts},
+        format{format}, exponent{exponent}, isWriteVerified{isVerified}
+    {
+        // Currently only linear format is supported
+        if (format != pmbus_utils::VoutDataFormat::linear)
+        {
+            throw std::invalid_argument{"Unsupported data format specified"};
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes this action.
+     *
+     * Writes a volts value to VOUT_COMMAND using the I2C interface.
+     *
+     * If a volts value was specified in the constructor, that value will be
+     * used.  Otherwise the volts value will be obtained from the
+     * ActionEnvironment.
+     *
+     * The data format is specified in the constructor.  Currently only the
+     * linear format is supported.
+     *
+     * An exponent value is required to convert the volts value to linear
+     * format.  If an exponent value was specified in the constructor, that
+     * value will be used.  Otherwise the exponent value will be obtained from
+     * the VOUT_MODE command.
+     *
+     * Write verification will be performed if specified in the constructor.
+     *
+     * The device is obtained from the ActionEnvironment.
+     *
+     * Throws an exception if an error occurs.
+     *
+     * @param environment action execution environment
+     * @return true
+     */
+    virtual bool execute(ActionEnvironment& environment) override;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the optional exponent value used to convert the volts value to
+     * linear data format.
+     *
+     * @return optional exponent value
+     */
+    std::optional<int8_t> getExponent() const
+    {
+        return exponent;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the data format of the value written to VOUT_COMMAND.
+     *
+     * @return data format
+     */
+    pmbus_utils::VoutDataFormat getFormat() const
+    {
+        return format;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the optional volts value to write to VOUT_COMMAND.
+     *
+     * @return optional volts value
+     */
+    std::optional<double> getVolts() const
+    {
+        return volts;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether write verification will be performed when writing to
+     * VOUT_COMMAND.
+     *
+     * @return true if write verification will be performed, false otherwise
+     */
+    bool isVerified() const
+    {
+        return isWriteVerified;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string description of this action.
+     *
+     * @return description of action
+     */
+    virtual std::string toString() const override;
+
+  private:
+    /**
+     * Gets the exponent value to use to convert the volts value to linear data
+     * format.
+     *
+     * If an exponent value is defined for this action, that value is returned.
+     * Otherwise VOUT_MODE is read from the current device to obtain the
+     * exponent value.
+     *
+     * Throws an exception if an error occurs.
+     *
+     * @param interface I2C interface to the current device
+     * @return exponent value
+     */
+    int8_t getExponentValue(i2c::I2CInterface& interface);
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the volts value to write to VOUT_COMMAND.
+     *
+     * If a volts value is defined for this action, that value is returned.
+     * Otherwise the volts value is obtained from the specified
+     * ActionEnvironment.
+     *
+     * Throws an exception if no volts value is defined.
+     *
+     * @param environment action execution environment
+     * @return volts value
+     */
+    double getVoltsValue(ActionEnvironment& environment);
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies the value written to VOUT_COMMAND.  Reads the current value of
+     * VOUT_COMMAND and ensures that it matches the value written.
+     *
+     * Throws an exception if the values do not match or a communication error
+     * occurs.
+     *
+     * @param environment action execution environment
+     * @param interface I2C interface to the current device
+     * @param valueWritten linear format volts value written to VOUT_COMMAND
+     */
+    void verifyWrite(ActionEnvironment& environment,
+                     i2c::I2CInterface& interface, uint16_t valueWritten);
+
+    /**
+     * Optional volts value to write.
+     */
+    const std::optional<double> volts{};
+
+    /**
+     * Data format of the volts value written to VOUT_COMMAND.
+     */
+    const pmbus_utils::VoutDataFormat format{};
+
+    /**
+     * Optional exponent value to use to convert the volts value to linear data
+     * format.
+     */
+    const std::optional<int8_t> exponent{};
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether write verification will be performed when writing to
+     * VOUT_COMMAND.
+     */
+    const bool isWriteVerified{false};
+};
+
+} // namespace phosphor::power::regulators