fd/fmt: Add buffered formatting to fd

This makes it possible to trivially write formatted data to a file
descriptor with built-in buffering to reduce the number of syscalls.

Change-Id: Ib66c062b65e2a611f13be570c2ed5fe5eb208fb7
Signed-off-by: William A. Kennington III <wak@google.com>
diff --git a/include-fd/stdplus/fd/fmt.hpp b/include-fd/stdplus/fd/fmt.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9647d0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include-fd/stdplus/fd/fmt.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+#include <functional>
+#include <stdplus/fd/intf.hpp>
+
+namespace stdplus
+{
+namespace fd
+{
+
+class FormatBuffer
+{
+  public:
+    explicit FormatBuffer(stdplus::Fd& fd, size_t max = 4096);
+    ~FormatBuffer() noexcept(false);
+    FormatBuffer(const FormatBuffer&) = delete;
+    FormatBuffer(FormatBuffer&&) = default;
+    FormatBuffer& operator=(const FormatBuffer&) = delete;
+    FormatBuffer& operator=(FormatBuffer&&) = default;
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    void append(fmt::format_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args)
+    {
+        fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(buf), fmt,
+                       std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        writeIfNeeded();
+    }
+
+    void flush();
+
+  private:
+    std::reference_wrapper<stdplus::Fd> fd;
+    fmt::memory_buffer buf;
+    size_t max;
+
+    void writeIfNeeded();
+};
+
+} // namespace fd
+} // namespace stdplus
diff --git a/src/fd/fmt.cpp b/src/fd/fmt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc6392d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fd/fmt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include <stdplus/fd/fmt.hpp>
+#include <stdplus/fd/ops.hpp>
+
+namespace stdplus
+{
+namespace fd
+{
+
+FormatBuffer::FormatBuffer(stdplus::Fd& fd, size_t max) : fd(fd), max(max)
+{
+}
+
+FormatBuffer::~FormatBuffer() noexcept(false)
+{
+    flush();
+}
+
+void FormatBuffer::flush()
+{
+    if (buf.size() > 0)
+    {
+        stdplus::fd::write(fd, buf);
+        buf.clear();
+    }
+}
+
+void FormatBuffer::writeIfNeeded()
+{
+    if (buf.size() >= max)
+    {
+        flush();
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace fd
+} // namespace stdplus
diff --git a/src/meson.build b/src/meson.build
index 4364395..e491878 100644
--- a/src/meson.build
+++ b/src/meson.build
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
   stdplus_srcs += [
     'fd/create.cpp',
     'fd/dupable.cpp',
+    'fd/fmt.cpp',
     'fd/impl.cpp',
     'fd/line.cpp',
     'fd/managed.cpp',
diff --git a/test/fd/fmt.cpp b/test/fd/fmt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..726b5e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fd/fmt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <stdplus/fd/fmt.hpp>
+#include <stdplus/fd/managed.hpp>
+#include <stdplus/util/cexec.hpp>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+namespace stdplus
+{
+namespace fd
+{
+
+TEST(FormatBuffer, Basic)
+{
+    auto fd = ManagedFd(CHECK_ERRNO(memfd_create("test", 0), "memfd_create"));
+    {
+        FormatBuffer buf(fd, 4096);
+        buf.append("hi\n");
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, fd.lseek(0, Whence::Cur));
+        buf.flush();
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(3, fd.lseek(0, Whence::Cur));
+        buf.append("{}", std::string(2050, 'a'));
+        EXPECT_EQ(3, fd.lseek(0, Whence::Cur));
+        buf.append("{}", std::string(2050, 'a'));
+        EXPECT_EQ(4103, fd.lseek(0, Whence::Cur));
+
+        buf.append("hi\n");
+        EXPECT_EQ(4103, fd.lseek(0, Whence::Cur));
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(4106, fd.lseek(0, Whence::Cur));
+}
+
+} // namespace fd
+} // namespace stdplus
diff --git a/test/meson.build b/test/meson.build
index a0be742..4ffd1a9 100644
--- a/test/meson.build
+++ b/test/meson.build
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
   gtests += [
     'fd/dupable',
     'fd/managed',
+    'fd/fmt',
     'fd/intf',
     'fd/impl',
     'fd/line',