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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-2.0-UK
+
+***************************
+``devtool`` Quick Reference
+***************************
+
+The ``devtool`` command-line tool provides a number of features that
+help you build, test, and package software. This command is available
+alongside the ``bitbake`` command. Additionally, the ``devtool`` command
+is a key part of the extensible SDK.
+
+This chapter provides a Quick Reference for the ``devtool`` command. For
+more information on how to apply the command when using the extensible
+SDK, see the ":doc:`../sdk-manual/sdk-extensible`" chapter in the Yocto
+Project Application Development and the Extensible Software Development
+Kit (eSDK) manual.
+
+.. _devtool-getting-help:
+
+Getting Help
+============
+
+The ``devtool`` command line is organized similarly to Git in that it
+has a number of sub-commands for each function. You can run
+``devtool --help`` to see all the commands:
+::
+
+   $ devtool -h
+   NOTE: Starting bitbake server...
+   usage: devtool [--basepath BASEPATH] [--bbpath BBPATH] [-d] [-q] [--color COLOR] [-h] <subcommand> ...
+
+   OpenEmbedded development tool
+
+   options:
+     --basepath BASEPATH   Base directory of SDK / build directory
+     --bbpath BBPATH       Explicitly specify the BBPATH, rather than getting it from the metadata
+     -d, --debug           Enable debug output
+     -q, --quiet           Print only errors
+     --color COLOR         Colorize output (where COLOR is auto, always, never)
+     -h, --help            show this help message and exit
+
+   subcommands:
+     Beginning work on a recipe:
+       add                   Add a new recipe
+       modify                Modify the source for an existing recipe
+       upgrade               Upgrade an existing recipe
+     Getting information:
+       status                Show workspace status
+       latest-version        Report the latest version of an existing recipe
+       check-upgrade-status  Report upgradability for multiple (or all) recipes
+       search                Search available recipes
+     Working on a recipe in the workspace:
+       build                 Build a recipe
+       rename                Rename a recipe file in the workspace
+       edit-recipe           Edit a recipe file
+       find-recipe           Find a recipe file
+       configure-help        Get help on configure script options
+       update-recipe         Apply changes from external source tree to recipe
+       reset                 Remove a recipe from your workspace
+       finish                Finish working on a recipe in your workspace
+     Testing changes on target:
+       deploy-target         Deploy recipe output files to live target machine
+       undeploy-target       Undeploy recipe output files in live target machine
+       build-image           Build image including workspace recipe packages
+     Advanced:
+       create-workspace      Set up workspace in an alternative location
+       extract               Extract the source for an existing recipe
+       sync                  Synchronize the source tree for an existing recipe
+       menuconfig            Alter build-time configuration for a recipe
+       import                Import exported tar archive into workspace
+       export                Export workspace into a tar archive
+     other:
+       selftest-reverse      Reverse value (for selftest)
+       pluginfile            Print the filename of this plugin
+       bbdir                 Print the BBPATH directory of this plugin
+       count                 How many times have this plugin been registered.
+       multiloaded           How many times have this plugin been initialized
+   Use devtool <subcommand> --help to get help on a specific command
+
+As directed in the general help output, you can
+get more syntax on a specific command by providing the command name and
+using "--help":
+::
+
+   $ devtool add --help
+   NOTE: Starting bitbake server...
+   usage: devtool add [-h] [--same-dir | --no-same-dir] [--fetch URI] [--npm-dev] [--version VERSION] [--no-git] [--srcrev SRCREV | --autorev] [--srcbranch SRCBRANCH] [--binary] [--also-native] [--src-subdir SUBDIR] [--mirrors]
+                      [--provides PROVIDES]
+                      [recipename] [srctree] [fetchuri]
+
+   Adds a new recipe to the workspace to build a specified source tree. Can optionally fetch a remote URI and unpack it to create the source tree.
+
+   arguments:
+     recipename            Name for new recipe to add (just name - no version, path or extension). If not specified, will attempt to auto-detect it.
+     srctree               Path to external source tree. If not specified, a subdirectory of /media/build1/poky/build/workspace/sources will be used.
+     fetchuri              Fetch the specified URI and extract it to create the source tree
+
+   options:
+     -h, --help            show this help message and exit
+     --same-dir, -s        Build in same directory as source
+     --no-same-dir         Force build in a separate build directory
+     --fetch URI, -f URI   Fetch the specified URI and extract it to create the source tree (deprecated - pass as positional argument instead)
+     --npm-dev             For npm, also fetch devDependencies
+     --version VERSION, -V VERSION
+                           Version to use within recipe (PV)
+     --no-git, -g          If fetching source, do not set up source tree as a git repository
+     --srcrev SRCREV, -S SRCREV
+                           Source revision to fetch if fetching from an SCM such as git (default latest)
+     --autorev, -a         When fetching from a git repository, set SRCREV in the recipe to a floating revision instead of fixed
+     --srcbranch SRCBRANCH, -B SRCBRANCH
+                           Branch in source repository if fetching from an SCM such as git (default master)
+     --binary, -b          Treat the source tree as something that should be installed verbatim (no compilation, same directory structure). Useful with binary packages e.g. RPMs.
+     --also-native         Also add native variant (i.e. support building recipe for the build host as well as the target machine)
+     --src-subdir SUBDIR   Specify subdirectory within source tree to use
+     --mirrors             Enable PREMIRRORS and MIRRORS for source tree fetching (disable by default).
+     --provides PROVIDES, -p PROVIDES
+                           Specify an alias for the item provided by the recipe. E.g. virtual/libgl
+
+.. _devtool-the-workspace-layer-structure:
+
+The Workspace Layer Structure
+=============================
+
+``devtool`` uses a "Workspace" layer in which to accomplish builds. This
+layer is not specific to any single ``devtool`` command but is rather a
+common working area used across the tool.
+
+The following figure shows the workspace structure:
+
+.. image:: figures/build-workspace-directory.png
+   :align: center
+   :scale: 70%
+
+::
+
+   attic - A directory created if devtool believes it must preserve
+           anything when you run "devtool reset".  For example, if you
+           run "devtool add", make changes to the recipe, and then
+           run "devtool reset", devtool takes notice that the file has
+           been changed and moves it into the attic should you still
+           want the recipe.
+
+   README - Provides information on what is in workspace layer and how to
+            manage it.
+
+   .devtool_md5 - A checksum file used by devtool.
+
+   appends - A directory that contains *.bbappend files, which point to
+             external source.
+
+   conf - A configuration directory that contains the layer.conf file.
+
+   recipes - A directory containing recipes.  This directory contains a
+             folder for each directory added whose name matches that of the
+             added recipe.  devtool places the recipe.bb file
+             within that sub-directory.
+
+   sources - A directory containing a working copy of the source files used
+             when building the recipe.  This is the default directory used
+             as the location of the source tree when you do not provide a
+             source tree path.  This directory contains a folder for each
+             set of source files matched to a corresponding recipe.
+
+.. _devtool-adding-a-new-recipe-to-the-workspace:
+
+Adding a New Recipe to the Workspace Layer
+==========================================
+
+Use the ``devtool add`` command to add a new recipe to the workspace
+layer. The recipe you add should not exist - ``devtool`` creates it for
+you. The source files the recipe uses should exist in an external area.
+
+The following example creates and adds a new recipe named ``jackson`` to
+a workspace layer the tool creates. The source code built by the recipes
+resides in ``/home/user/sources/jackson``:
+::
+
+   $ devtool add jackson /home/user/sources/jackson
+
+If you add a recipe and the workspace layer does not exist, the command
+creates the layer and populates it as described in "`The Workspace Layer
+Structure <#devtool-the-workspace-layer-structure>`__" section.
+
+Running ``devtool add`` when the workspace layer exists causes the tool
+to add the recipe, append files, and source files into the existing
+workspace layer. The ``.bbappend`` file is created to point to the
+external source tree.
+
+.. note::
+
+   If your recipe has runtime dependencies defined, you must be sure
+   that these packages exist on the target hardware before attempting to
+   run your application. If dependent packages (e.g. libraries) do not
+   exist on the target, your application, when run, will fail to find
+   those functions. For more information, see the
+   ":ref:`ref-manual/ref-devtool-reference:deploying your software on the target machine`"
+   section.
+
+By default, ``devtool add`` uses the latest revision (i.e. master) when
+unpacking files from a remote URI. In some cases, you might want to
+specify a source revision by branch, tag, or commit hash. You can
+specify these options when using the ``devtool add`` command:
+
+-  To specify a source branch, use the ``--srcbranch`` option:
+   ::
+
+      $ devtool add --srcbranch DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP jackson /home/user/sources/jackson
+
+   In the previous example, you are checking out the DISTRO_NAME_NO_CAP
+   branch.
+
+-  To specify a specific tag or commit hash, use the ``--srcrev``
+   option:
+   ::
+
+      $ devtool add --srcrev DISTRO_REL_TAG jackson /home/user/sources/jackson
+      $ devtool add --srcrev some_commit_hash /home/user/sources/jackson
+
+   The previous examples check out the
+   DISTRO_REL_TAG tag and the commit associated with the
+   some_commit_hash hash.
+
+.. note::
+
+   If you prefer to use the latest revision every time the recipe is
+   built, use the options --autorev or -a.
+
+.. _devtool-extracting-the-source-for-an-existing-recipe:
+
+Extracting the Source for an Existing Recipe
+============================================
+
+Use the ``devtool extract`` command to extract the source for an
+existing recipe. When you use this command, you must supply the root
+name of the recipe (i.e. no version, paths, or extensions), and you must
+supply the directory to which you want the source extracted.
+
+Additional command options let you control the name of a development
+branch into which you can checkout the source and whether or not to keep
+a temporary directory, which is useful for debugging.
+
+.. _devtool-synchronizing-a-recipes-extracted-source-tree:
+
+Synchronizing a Recipe's Extracted Source Tree
+==============================================
+
+Use the ``devtool sync`` command to synchronize a previously extracted
+source tree for an existing recipe. When you use this command, you must
+supply the root name of the recipe (i.e. no version, paths, or
+extensions), and you must supply the directory to which you want the
+source extracted.
+
+Additional command options let you control the name of a development
+branch into which you can checkout the source and whether or not to keep
+a temporary directory, which is useful for debugging.
+
+.. _devtool-modifying-a-recipe:
+
+Modifying an Existing Recipe
+============================
+
+Use the ``devtool modify`` command to begin modifying the source of an
+existing recipe. This command is very similar to the
+```add`` <#devtool-adding-a-new-recipe-to-the-workspace>`__ command
+except that it does not physically create the recipe in the workspace
+layer because the recipe already exists in an another layer.
+
+The ``devtool modify`` command extracts the source for a recipe, sets it
+up as a Git repository if the source had not already been fetched from
+Git, checks out a branch for development, and applies any patches from
+the recipe as commits on top. You can use the following command to
+checkout the source files:
+::
+
+   $ devtool modify recipe
+
+Using the above command form, ``devtool`` uses the existing recipe's
+:term:`SRC_URI` statement to locate the upstream source,
+extracts the source into the default sources location in the workspace.
+The default development branch used is "devtool".
+
+.. _devtool-edit-an-existing-recipe:
+
+Edit an Existing Recipe
+=======================
+
+Use the ``devtool edit-recipe`` command to run the default editor, which
+is identified using the ``EDITOR`` variable, on the specified recipe.
+
+When you use the ``devtool edit-recipe`` command, you must supply the
+root name of the recipe (i.e. no version, paths, or extensions). Also,
+the recipe file itself must reside in the workspace as a result of the
+``devtool add`` or ``devtool upgrade`` commands. However, you can
+override that requirement by using the "-a" or "--any-recipe" option.
+Using either of these options allows you to edit any recipe regardless
+of its location.
+
+.. _devtool-updating-a-recipe:
+
+Updating a Recipe
+=================
+
+Use the ``devtool update-recipe`` command to update your recipe with
+patches that reflect changes you make to the source files. For example,
+if you know you are going to work on some code, you could first use the
+```devtool modify`` <#devtool-modifying-a-recipe>`__ command to extract
+the code and set up the workspace. After which, you could modify,
+compile, and test the code.
+
+When you are satisfied with the results and you have committed your
+changes to the Git repository, you can then run the
+``devtool update-recipe`` to create the patches and update the recipe:
+::
+
+   $ devtool update-recipe recipe
+
+If you run the ``devtool update-recipe``
+without committing your changes, the command ignores the changes.
+
+Often, you might want to apply customizations made to your software in
+your own layer rather than apply them to the original recipe. If so, you
+can use the ``-a`` or ``--append`` option with the
+``devtool update-recipe`` command. These options allow you to specify
+the layer into which to write an append file:
+::
+
+   $ devtool update-recipe recipe -a base-layer-directory
+
+The ``*.bbappend`` file is created at the
+appropriate path within the specified layer directory, which may or may
+not be in your ``bblayers.conf`` file. If an append file already exists,
+the command updates it appropriately.
+
+.. _devtool-checking-on-the-upgrade-status-of-a-recipe:
+
+Checking on the Upgrade Status of a Recipe
+==========================================
+
+Upstream recipes change over time. Consequently, you might find that you
+need to determine if you can upgrade a recipe to a newer version.
+
+To check on the upgrade status of a recipe, use the
+``devtool check-upgrade-status`` command. The command displays a table
+of your current recipe versions, the latest upstream versions, the email
+address of the recipe's maintainer, and any additional information such
+as commit hash strings and reasons you might not be able to upgrade a
+particular recipe.
+
+.. note::
+
+   -  For the ``oe-core`` layer, recipe maintainers come from the
+      `maintainers.inc <http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/poky/tree/meta/conf/distro/include/maintainers.inc>`_
+      file.
+
+   -  If the recipe is using the :ref:`bitbake:git-fetcher`
+      rather than a
+      tarball, the commit hash points to the commit that matches the
+      recipe's latest version tag.
+
+As with all ``devtool`` commands, you can get help on the individual
+command:
+::
+
+   $ devtool check-upgrade-status -h
+   NOTE: Starting bitbake server...
+   usage: devtool check-upgrade-status [-h] [--all] [recipe [recipe ...]]
+
+   Prints a table of recipes together with versions currently provided by recipes, and latest upstream versions, when there is a later version available
+
+   arguments:
+     recipe      Name of the recipe to report (omit to report upgrade info for all recipes)
+
+   options:
+     -h, --help  show this help message and exit
+     --all, -a   Show all recipes, not just recipes needing upgrade
+
+Unless you provide a specific recipe name on the command line, the
+command checks all recipes in all configured layers.
+
+Following is a partial example table that reports on all the recipes.
+Notice the reported reason for not upgrading the ``base-passwd`` recipe.
+In this example, while a new version is available upstream, you do not
+want to use it because the dependency on ``cdebconf`` is not easily
+satisfied.
+
+.. note::
+
+   When a reason for not upgrading displays, the reason is usually
+   written into the recipe using the RECIPE_NO_UPDATE_REASON
+   variable. See the base-passwd.bb recipe for an example.
+
+::
+
+   $ devtool check-upgrade-status ...
+   NOTE: acpid 2.0.30 2.0.31 Ross Burton <ross.burton@intel.com>
+   NOTE: u-boot-fw-utils 2018.11 2019.01 Marek Vasut <marek.vasut@gmail.com> d3689267f92c5956e09cc7d1baa4700141662bff
+   NOTE: u-boot-tools 2018.11 2019.01 Marek Vasut <marek.vasut@gmail.com> d3689267f92c5956e09cc7d1baa4700141662bff . . .
+   NOTE: base-passwd 3.5.29 3.5.45 Anuj Mittal <anuj.mittal@intel.com> cannot be updated due to: Version 3.5.38 requires cdebconf for update-passwd utility
+   NOTE: busybox 1.29.2 1.30.0 Andrej Valek <andrej.valek@siemens.com>
+   NOTE: dbus-test 1.12.10 1.12.12 Chen Qi <Qi.Chen@windriver.com>
+
+.. _devtool-upgrading-a-recipe:
+
+Upgrading a Recipe
+==================
+
+As software matures, upstream recipes are upgraded to newer versions. As
+a developer, you need to keep your local recipes up-to-date with the
+upstream version releases. Several methods exist by which you can
+upgrade recipes. You can read about them in the ":ref:`gs-upgrading-recipes`"
+section of the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual. This section
+overviews the ``devtool upgrade`` command.
+
+Before you upgrade a recipe, you can check on its upgrade status. See
+the ":ref:`devtool-checking-on-the-upgrade-status-of-a-recipe`" section
+for more information.
+
+The ``devtool upgrade`` command upgrades an existing recipe to a more
+recent version of the recipe upstream. The command puts the upgraded
+recipe file along with any associated files into a "workspace" and, if
+necessary, extracts the source tree to a specified location. During the
+upgrade, patches associated with the recipe are rebased or added as
+needed.
+
+When you use the ``devtool upgrade`` command, you must supply the root
+name of the recipe (i.e. no version, paths, or extensions), and you must
+supply the directory to which you want the source extracted. Additional
+command options let you control things such as the version number to
+which you want to upgrade (i.e. the :term:`PV`), the source
+revision to which you want to upgrade (i.e. the
+:term:`SRCREV`), whether or not to apply patches, and so
+forth.
+
+You can read more on the ``devtool upgrade`` workflow in the
+":ref:`sdk-devtool-use-devtool-upgrade-to-create-a-version-of-the-recipe-that-supports-a-newer-version-of-the-software`"
+section in the Yocto Project Application Development and the Extensible
+Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual. You can also see an example of
+how to use ``devtool upgrade`` in the ":ref:`gs-using-devtool-upgrade`"
+section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
+
+.. _devtool-resetting-a-recipe:
+
+Resetting a Recipe
+==================
+
+Use the ``devtool reset`` command to remove a recipe and its
+configuration (e.g. the corresponding ``.bbappend`` file) from the
+workspace layer. Realize that this command deletes the recipe and the
+append file. The command does not physically move them for you.
+Consequently, you must be sure to physically relocate your updated
+recipe and the append file outside of the workspace layer before running
+the ``devtool reset`` command.
+
+If the ``devtool reset`` command detects that the recipe or the append
+files have been modified, the command preserves the modified files in a
+separate "attic" subdirectory under the workspace layer.
+
+Here is an example that resets the workspace directory that contains the
+``mtr`` recipe:
+::
+
+   $ devtool reset mtr
+   NOTE: Cleaning sysroot for recipe mtr...
+   NOTE: Leaving source tree /home/scottrif/poky/build/workspace/sources/mtr as-is; if you no longer need it then please delete it manually
+   $
+
+.. _devtool-building-your-recipe:
+
+Building Your Recipe
+====================
+
+Use the ``devtool build`` command to build your recipe. The
+``devtool build`` command is equivalent to the
+``bitbake -c populate_sysroot`` command.
+
+When you use the ``devtool build`` command, you must supply the root
+name of the recipe (i.e. do not provide versions, paths, or extensions).
+You can use either the "-s" or the "--disable-parallel-make" options to
+disable parallel makes during the build. Here is an example:
+::
+
+   $ devtool build recipe
+
+.. _devtool-building-your-image:
+
+Building Your Image
+===================
+
+Use the ``devtool build-image`` command to build an image, extending it
+to include packages from recipes in the workspace. Using this command is
+useful when you want an image that ready for immediate deployment onto a
+device for testing. For proper integration into a final image, you need
+to edit your custom image recipe appropriately.
+
+When you use the ``devtool build-image`` command, you must supply the
+name of the image. This command has no command line options:
+::
+
+   $ devtool build-image image
+
+.. _devtool-deploying-your-software-on-the-target-machine:
+
+Deploying Your Software on the Target Machine
+=============================================
+
+Use the ``devtool deploy-target`` command to deploy the recipe's build
+output to the live target machine:
+::
+
+   $ devtool deploy-target recipe target
+
+The target is the address of the target machine, which must be running
+an SSH server (i.e. ``user@hostname[:destdir]``).
+
+This command deploys all files installed during the
+:ref:`ref-tasks-install` task. Furthermore, you do not
+need to have package management enabled within the target machine. If
+you do, the package manager is bypassed.
+
+.. note::
+
+   The ``deploy-target`` functionality is for development only. You
+   should never use it to update an image that will be used in
+   production.
+
+Some conditions exist that could prevent a deployed application from
+behaving as expected. When both of the following conditions exist, your
+application has the potential to not behave correctly when run on the
+target:
+
+-  You are deploying a new application to the target and the recipe you
+   used to build the application had correctly defined runtime
+   dependencies.
+
+-  The target does not physically have the packages on which the
+   application depends installed.
+
+If both of these conditions exist, your application will not behave as
+expected. The reason for this misbehavior is because the
+``devtool deploy-target`` command does not deploy the packages (e.g.
+libraries) on which your new application depends. The assumption is that
+the packages are already on the target. Consequently, when a runtime
+call is made in the application for a dependent function (e.g. a library
+call), the function cannot be found.
+
+To be sure you have all the dependencies local to the target, you need
+to be sure that the packages are pre-deployed (installed) on the target
+before attempting to run your application.
+
+.. _devtool-removing-your-software-from-the-target-machine:
+
+Removing Your Software from the Target Machine
+==============================================
+
+Use the ``devtool undeploy-target`` command to remove deployed build
+output from the target machine. For the ``devtool undeploy-target``
+command to work, you must have previously used the
+":ref:`devtool deploy-target <ref-manual/ref-devtool-reference:deploying your software on the target machine>`"
+command.
+::
+
+   $ devtool undeploy-target recipe target
+
+The target is the
+address of the target machine, which must be running an SSH server (i.e.
+``user@hostname``).
+
+.. _devtool-creating-the-workspace:
+
+Creating the Workspace Layer in an Alternative Location
+=======================================================
+
+Use the ``devtool create-workspace`` command to create a new workspace
+layer in your :term:`Build Directory`. When you create a
+new workspace layer, it is populated with the ``README`` file and the
+``conf`` directory only.
+
+The following example creates a new workspace layer in your current
+working and by default names the workspace layer "workspace":
+::
+
+   $ devtool create-workspace
+
+You can create a workspace layer anywhere by supplying a pathname with
+the command. The following command creates a new workspace layer named
+"new-workspace":
+::
+
+   $ devtool create-workspace /home/scottrif/new-workspace
+
+.. _devtool-get-the-status-of-the-recipes-in-your-workspace:
+
+Get the Status of the Recipes in Your Workspace
+===============================================
+
+Use the ``devtool status`` command to list the recipes currently in your
+workspace. Information includes the paths to their respective external
+source trees.
+
+The ``devtool status`` command has no command-line options:
+::
+
+   $ devtool status
+
+Following is sample output after using
+:ref:`devtool add <ref-manual/ref-devtool-reference:adding a new recipe to the workspace layer>`
+to create and add the ``mtr_0.86.bb`` recipe to the ``workspace`` directory:
+::
+
+   $ devtool status mtr
+   :/home/scottrif/poky/build/workspace/sources/mtr (/home/scottrif/poky/build/workspace/recipes/mtr/mtr_0.86.bb)
+   $
+
+.. _devtool-search-for-available-target-recipes:
+
+Search for Available Target Recipes
+===================================
+
+Use the ``devtool search`` command to search for available target
+recipes. The command matches the recipe name, package name, description,
+and installed files. The command displays the recipe name as a result of
+a match.
+
+When you use the ``devtool search`` command, you must supply a keyword.
+The command uses the keyword when searching for a match.