poky/documentation/test-manual/reproducible-builds.rst - mdmillerii/openbmc - Gitiles

 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-2.0-UK

 *******************
 Reproducible Builds
 *******************

 ================
 How we define it
 ================

 The Yocto Project defines reproducibility as where a given input build
 configuration will give the same binary output regardless of when it is built
 (now or in 5 years time), regardless of the path on the filesystem the build is
 run in, and regardless of the distro and tools on the underlying host system the
 build is running on.

 ==============
 Why it matters
 ==============

 The project aligns with the `Reproducible Builds project
 <https://reproducible-builds.org/>`__, which shares information about why
 reproducibility matters. The primary focus of the project is the ability to
 detect security issues being introduced. However, from a Yocto Project
 perspective, it is also hugely important that our builds are deterministic. When
 you build a given input set of metadata, we expect you to get consistent output.
 This has always been a key focus but, :yocto_docs:`since release 3.1 ("dunfell")
 </ref-manual/migration-3.1.html#reproducible-builds-now-enabled-by-default>`,
 it is now true down to the binary level including timestamps.

 For example, at some point in the future life of a product, you find that you
 need to rebuild to add a security fix. If this happens, only the components that
 have been modified should change at the binary level. This would lead to much
 easier and clearer bounds on where validation is needed.

 This also gives an additional benefit to the project builds themselves, our
 :ref:`overview-manual/concepts:Hash Equivalence` for
 :ref:`overview-manual/concepts:Shared State` object reuse works much more
 effectively when the binary output remains the same.

 .. note::

    We strongly advise you to make sure your project builds reproducibly
    before finalizing your production images. It would be too late if you
    only address this issue when the first updates are required.

 ===================
 How we implement it
 ===================

 There are many different aspects to build reproducibility, but some particular
 things we do within the build system to ensure reproducibility include:

 -  Adding mappings to the compiler options to ensure debug filepaths are mapped
    to consistent target compatible paths. This is done through the
    :term:`DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP` variable which sets the ``-fmacro-prefix-map`` and
    ``-fdebug-prefix-map`` compiler options correctly to map to target paths.
 -  Being explicit about recipe dependencies and their configuration (no floating
    configure options or host dependencies creeping in). In particular this means
    making sure :term:`PACKAGECONFIG` coverage covers configure options which may
    otherwise try and auto-detect host dependencies.
 -  Using recipe specific sysroots to isolate recipes so they only see their
    dependencies. These are visible as ``recipe-sysroot`` and
    ``recipe-sysroot-native`` directories within the :term:`WORKDIR` of a given
    recipe and are populated only with the dependencies a recipe has.
 -  Build images from a reduced package set: only packages from recipes the image
    depends upon.
 -  Filtering the tools available from the host's ``PATH`` to only a specific set
    of tools, set using the :term:`HOSTTOOLS` variable.

 .. note::

    Because of an open bug in GCC, using ``DISTRO_FEATURES:append = " lto"`` or
    adding ``-flto`` (Link Time Optimization) to ``CFLAGS`` makes the resulting
    binary non-reproducible, in that it depends on the full absolute build path
    to ``recipe-sysroot-native``, so installing the Yocto Project in a different
    directory results in a different binary.

    This issue is addressed by
    :yocto_bugs:`bug 14481 -  Programs built with -flto are not reproducible</show_bug.cgi?id=14481>`.

 =========================================
 Can we prove the project is reproducible?
 =========================================

 Yes, we can prove it and we regularly test this on the Autobuilder. At the
 time of writing (release 3.3, "hardknott"), :term:`OpenEmbedded-Core (OE-Core)`
 is 100% reproducible for all its recipes (i.e. world builds) apart from the Go
 language and Ruby documentation packages. Unfortunately, the current
 implementation of the Go language has fundamental reproducibility problems as
 it always depends upon the paths it is built in.

 .. note::

    Only BitBake and :term:`OpenEmbedded-Core (OE-Core)`, which is the ``meta``
    layer in Poky, guarantee complete reproducibility. The moment you add
    another layer, this warranty is voided, because of additional configuration
    files, ``bbappend`` files, overridden classes, etc.

 To run our automated selftest, as we use in our CI on the Autobuilder, you can
 run::

    oe-selftest -r reproducible.ReproducibleTests.test_reproducible_builds

 This defaults to including a ``world`` build so, if other layers are added, it would
 also run the tests for recipes in the additional layers. The first build will be
 run using :ref:`Shared State <overview-manual/concepts:Shared State>` if
 available, the second build explicitly disables
 :ref:`Shared State <overview-manual/concepts:Shared State>` and builds on the
 specific host the build is running on. This means we can test reproducibility
 builds between different host distributions over time on the Autobuilder.

 If ``OEQA_DEBUGGING_SAVED_OUTPUT`` is set, any differing packages will be saved
 here. The test is also able to run the ``diffoscope`` command on the output to
 generate HTML files showing the differences between the packages, to aid
 debugging. On the Autobuilder, these appear under
 https://autobuilder.yocto.io/pub/repro-fail/ in the form ``oe-reproducible +
 <date> + <random ID>``, e.g. ``oe-reproducible-20200202-1lm8o1th``.

 The project's current reproducibility status can be seen at
 :yocto_home:`/reproducible-build-results/`

 You can also check the reproducibility status on supported host distributions:

 -  CentOS: :yocto_ab:`/typhoon/#/builders/reproducible-centos`
 -  Debian: :yocto_ab:`/typhoon/#/builders/reproducible-debian`
 -  Fedora: :yocto_ab:`/typhoon/#/builders/reproducible-fedora`
 -  Ubuntu: :yocto_ab:`/typhoon/#/builders/reproducible-ubuntu`

 ===============================
 Can I test my layer or recipes?
 ===============================

 Once again, you can run a ``world`` test using the
 :ref:`oe-selftest <ref-manual/release-process:Testing and Quality Assurance>`
 command provided above. This functionality is implemented
 in :oe_git:`meta/lib/oeqa/selftest/cases/reproducible.py
 </openembedded-core/tree/meta/lib/oeqa/selftest/cases/reproducible.py>`.

 You could subclass the test and change ``targets`` to a different target.

 You may also change ``sstate_targets`` which would allow you to "pre-cache" some
 set of recipes before the test, meaning they are excluded from reproducibility
 testing. As a practical example, you could set ``sstate_targets`` to
 ``core-image-sato``, then setting ``targets`` to ``core-image-sato-sdk`` would
 run reproducibility tests only on the targets belonging only to ``core-image-sato-sdk``.
	.. SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-2.0-UK

	*******************
	Reproducible Builds
	*******************

	================
	How we define it
	================

	The Yocto Project defines reproducibility as where a given input build
	configuration will give the same binary output regardless of when it is built
	(now or in 5 years time), regardless of the path on the filesystem the build is
	run in, and regardless of the distro and tools on the underlying host system the
	build is running on.

	==============
	Why it matters
	==============

	The project aligns with the `Reproducible Builds project
	<https://reproducible-builds.org/>`__, which shares information about why
	reproducibility matters. The primary focus of the project is the ability to
	detect security issues being introduced. However, from a Yocto Project
	perspective, it is also hugely important that our builds are deterministic. When
	you build a given input set of metadata, we expect you to get consistent output.
	This has always been a key focus but, :yocto_docs:`since release 3.1 ("dunfell")
	</ref-manual/migration-3.1.html#reproducible-builds-now-enabled-by-default>`,
	it is now true down to the binary level including timestamps.

	For example, at some point in the future life of a product, you find that you
	need to rebuild to add a security fix. If this happens, only the components that
	have been modified should change at the binary level. This would lead to much
	easier and clearer bounds on where validation is needed.

	This also gives an additional benefit to the project builds themselves, our
	:ref:`overview-manual/concepts:Hash Equivalence` for
	:ref:`overview-manual/concepts:Shared State` object reuse works much more
	effectively when the binary output remains the same.

	.. note::

	We strongly advise you to make sure your project builds reproducibly
	before finalizing your production images. It would be too late if you
	only address this issue when the first updates are required.

	===================
	How we implement it
	===================

	There are many different aspects to build reproducibility, but some particular
	things we do within the build system to ensure reproducibility include:

	- Adding mappings to the compiler options to ensure debug filepaths are mapped
	to consistent target compatible paths. This is done through the
	:term:`DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP` variable which sets the ``-fmacro-prefix-map`` and
	``-fdebug-prefix-map`` compiler options correctly to map to target paths.
	- Being explicit about recipe dependencies and their configuration (no floating
	configure options or host dependencies creeping in). In particular this means
	making sure :term:`PACKAGECONFIG` coverage covers configure options which may
	otherwise try and auto-detect host dependencies.
	- Using recipe specific sysroots to isolate recipes so they only see their
	dependencies. These are visible as ``recipe-sysroot`` and
	``recipe-sysroot-native`` directories within the :term:`WORKDIR` of a given
	recipe and are populated only with the dependencies a recipe has.
	- Build images from a reduced package set: only packages from recipes the image
	depends upon.
	- Filtering the tools available from the host's ``PATH`` to only a specific set
	of tools, set using the :term:`HOSTTOOLS` variable.

	.. note::

	Because of an open bug in GCC, using ``DISTRO_FEATURES:append = " lto"`` or
	adding ``-flto`` (Link Time Optimization) to ``CFLAGS`` makes the resulting
	binary non-reproducible, in that it depends on the full absolute build path
	to ``recipe-sysroot-native``, so installing the Yocto Project in a different
	directory results in a different binary.

	This issue is addressed by
	:yocto_bugs:`bug 14481 - Programs built with -flto are not reproducible</show_bug.cgi?id=14481>`.

	=========================================
	Can we prove the project is reproducible?
	=========================================

	Yes, we can prove it and we regularly test this on the Autobuilder. At the
	time of writing (release 3.3, "hardknott"), :term:`OpenEmbedded-Core (OE-Core)`
	is 100% reproducible for all its recipes (i.e. world builds) apart from the Go
	language and Ruby documentation packages. Unfortunately, the current
	implementation of the Go language has fundamental reproducibility problems as
	it always depends upon the paths it is built in.

	.. note::

	Only BitBake and :term:`OpenEmbedded-Core (OE-Core)`, which is the ``meta``
	layer in Poky, guarantee complete reproducibility. The moment you add
	another layer, this warranty is voided, because of additional configuration
	files, ``bbappend`` files, overridden classes, etc.

	To run our automated selftest, as we use in our CI on the Autobuilder, you can
	run::

	oe-selftest -r reproducible.ReproducibleTests.test_reproducible_builds

	This defaults to including a ``world`` build so, if other layers are added, it would
	also run the tests for recipes in the additional layers. The first build will be
	run using :ref:`Shared State <overview-manual/concepts:Shared State>` if
	available, the second build explicitly disables
	:ref:`Shared State <overview-manual/concepts:Shared State>` and builds on the
	specific host the build is running on. This means we can test reproducibility
	builds between different host distributions over time on the Autobuilder.

	If ``OEQA_DEBUGGING_SAVED_OUTPUT`` is set, any differing packages will be saved
	here. The test is also able to run the ``diffoscope`` command on the output to
	generate HTML files showing the differences between the packages, to aid
	debugging. On the Autobuilder, these appear under
	https://autobuilder.yocto.io/pub/repro-fail/ in the form ``oe-reproducible +
	<date> + <random ID>``, e.g. ``oe-reproducible-20200202-1lm8o1th``.

	The project's current reproducibility status can be seen at
	:yocto_home:`/reproducible-build-results/`

	You can also check the reproducibility status on supported host distributions:

	- CentOS: :yocto_ab:`/typhoon/#/builders/reproducible-centos`
	- Debian: :yocto_ab:`/typhoon/#/builders/reproducible-debian`
	- Fedora: :yocto_ab:`/typhoon/#/builders/reproducible-fedora`
	- Ubuntu: :yocto_ab:`/typhoon/#/builders/reproducible-ubuntu`

	===============================
	Can I test my layer or recipes?
	===============================

	Once again, you can run a ``world`` test using the
	:ref:`oe-selftest <ref-manual/release-process:Testing and Quality Assurance>`
	command provided above. This functionality is implemented
	in :oe_git:`meta/lib/oeqa/selftest/cases/reproducible.py
	</openembedded-core/tree/meta/lib/oeqa/selftest/cases/reproducible.py>`.

	You could subclass the test and change ``targets`` to a different target.

	You may also change ``sstate_targets`` which would allow you to "pre-cache" some
	set of recipes before the test, meaning they are excluded from reproducibility
	testing. As a practical example, you could set ``sstate_targets`` to
	``core-image-sato``, then setting ``targets`` to ``core-image-sato-sdk`` would
	run reproducibility tests only on the targets belonging only to ``core-image-sato-sdk``.