| # Copyright (c) 2013, Intel Corporation. |
| # |
| # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only |
| # |
| # DESCRIPTION |
| # This module implements some basic help invocation functions along |
| # with the bulk of the help topic text for the OE Core Image Tools. |
| # |
| # AUTHORS |
| # Tom Zanussi <tom.zanussi (at] linux.intel.com> |
| # |
| |
| import subprocess |
| import logging |
| |
| from wic.pluginbase import PluginMgr, PLUGIN_TYPES |
| |
| logger = logging.getLogger('wic') |
| |
| def subcommand_error(args): |
| logger.info("invalid subcommand %s", args[0]) |
| |
| |
| def display_help(subcommand, subcommands): |
| """ |
| Display help for subcommand. |
| """ |
| if subcommand not in subcommands: |
| return False |
| |
| hlp = subcommands.get(subcommand, subcommand_error)[2] |
| if callable(hlp): |
| hlp = hlp() |
| pager = subprocess.Popen('less', stdin=subprocess.PIPE) |
| pager.communicate(hlp.encode('utf-8')) |
| |
| return True |
| |
| |
| def wic_help(args, usage_str, subcommands): |
| """ |
| Subcommand help dispatcher. |
| """ |
| if args.help_topic == None or not display_help(args.help_topic, subcommands): |
| print(usage_str) |
| |
| |
| def get_wic_plugins_help(): |
| """ |
| Combine wic_plugins_help with the help for every known |
| source plugin. |
| """ |
| result = wic_plugins_help |
| for plugin_type in PLUGIN_TYPES: |
| result += '\n\n%s PLUGINS\n\n' % plugin_type.upper() |
| for name, plugin in PluginMgr.get_plugins(plugin_type).items(): |
| result += "\n %s plugin:\n" % name |
| if plugin.__doc__: |
| result += plugin.__doc__ |
| else: |
| result += "\n %s is missing docstring\n" % plugin |
| return result |
| |
| |
| def invoke_subcommand(args, parser, main_command_usage, subcommands): |
| """ |
| Dispatch to subcommand handler borrowed from combo-layer. |
| Should use argparse, but has to work in 2.6. |
| """ |
| if not args.command: |
| logger.error("No subcommand specified, exiting") |
| parser.print_help() |
| return 1 |
| elif args.command == "help": |
| wic_help(args, main_command_usage, subcommands) |
| elif args.command not in subcommands: |
| logger.error("Unsupported subcommand %s, exiting\n", args.command) |
| parser.print_help() |
| return 1 |
| else: |
| subcmd = subcommands.get(args.command, subcommand_error) |
| usage = subcmd[1] |
| subcmd[0](args, usage) |
| |
| |
| ## |
| # wic help and usage strings |
| ## |
| |
| wic_usage = """ |
| |
| Create a customized OpenEmbedded image |
| |
| usage: wic [--version] | [--help] | [COMMAND [ARGS]] |
| |
| Current 'wic' commands are: |
| help Show help for command or one of the topics (see below) |
| create Create a new OpenEmbedded image |
| list List available canned images and source plugins |
| |
| Help topics: |
| overview wic overview - General overview of wic |
| plugins wic plugins - Overview and API |
| kickstart wic kickstart - wic kickstart reference |
| """ |
| |
| wic_help_usage = """ |
| |
| usage: wic help <subcommand> |
| |
| This command displays detailed help for the specified subcommand. |
| """ |
| |
| wic_create_usage = """ |
| |
| Create a new OpenEmbedded image |
| |
| usage: wic create <wks file or image name> [-o <DIRNAME> | --outdir <DIRNAME>] |
| [-e | --image-name] [-s, --skip-build-check] [-D, --debug] |
| [-r, --rootfs-dir] [-b, --bootimg-dir] |
| [-k, --kernel-dir] [-n, --native-sysroot] [-f, --build-rootfs] |
| [-c, --compress-with] [-m, --bmap] |
| |
| This command creates an OpenEmbedded image based on the 'OE kickstart |
| commands' found in the <wks file>. |
| |
| The -o option can be used to place the image in a directory with a |
| different name and location. |
| |
| See 'wic help create' for more detailed instructions. |
| """ |
| |
| wic_create_help = """ |
| |
| NAME |
| wic create - Create a new OpenEmbedded image |
| |
| SYNOPSIS |
| wic create <wks file or image name> [-o <DIRNAME> | --outdir <DIRNAME>] |
| [-e | --image-name] [-s, --skip-build-check] [-D, --debug] |
| [-r, --rootfs-dir] [-b, --bootimg-dir] |
| [-k, --kernel-dir] [-n, --native-sysroot] [-f, --build-rootfs] |
| [-c, --compress-with] [-m, --bmap] [--no-fstab-update] |
| |
| DESCRIPTION |
| This command creates an OpenEmbedded image based on the 'OE |
| kickstart commands' found in the <wks file>. |
| |
| In order to do this, wic needs to know the locations of the |
| various build artifacts required to build the image. |
| |
| Users can explicitly specify the build artifact locations using |
| the -r, -b, -k, and -n options. See below for details on where |
| the corresponding artifacts are typically found in a normal |
| OpenEmbedded build. |
| |
| Alternatively, users can use the -e option to have 'wic' determine |
| those locations for a given image. If the -e option is used, the |
| user needs to have set the appropriate MACHINE variable in |
| local.conf, and have sourced the build environment. |
| |
| The -e option is used to specify the name of the image to use the |
| artifacts from e.g. core-image-sato. |
| |
| The -r option is used to specify the path to the /rootfs dir to |
| use as the .wks rootfs source. |
| |
| The -b option is used to specify the path to the dir containing |
| the boot artifacts (e.g. /EFI or /syslinux dirs) to use as the |
| .wks bootimg source. |
| |
| The -k option is used to specify the path to the dir containing |
| the kernel to use in the .wks bootimg. |
| |
| The -n option is used to specify the path to the native sysroot |
| containing the tools to use to build the image. |
| |
| The -f option is used to build rootfs by running "bitbake <image>" |
| |
| The -s option is used to skip the build check. The build check is |
| a simple sanity check used to determine whether the user has |
| sourced the build environment so that the -e option can operate |
| correctly. If the user has specified the build artifact locations |
| explicitly, 'wic' assumes the user knows what he or she is doing |
| and skips the build check. |
| |
| The -D option is used to display debug information detailing |
| exactly what happens behind the scenes when a create request is |
| fulfilled (or not, as the case may be). It enumerates and |
| displays the command sequence used, and should be included in any |
| bug report describing unexpected results. |
| |
| When 'wic -e' is used, the locations for the build artifacts |
| values are determined by 'wic -e' from the output of the 'bitbake |
| -e' command given an image name e.g. 'core-image-minimal' and a |
| given machine set in local.conf. In that case, the image is |
| created as if the following 'bitbake -e' variables were used: |
| |
| -r: IMAGE_ROOTFS |
| -k: STAGING_KERNEL_DIR |
| -n: STAGING_DIR_NATIVE |
| -b: empty (plugin-specific handlers must determine this) |
| |
| If 'wic -e' is not used, the user needs to select the appropriate |
| value for -b (as well as -r, -k, and -n). |
| |
| The -o option can be used to place the image in a directory with a |
| different name and location. |
| |
| The -c option is used to specify compressor utility to compress |
| an image. gzip, bzip2 and xz compressors are supported. |
| |
| The -m option is used to produce .bmap file for the image. This file |
| can be used to flash image using bmaptool utility. |
| |
| The --no-fstab-update option is used to doesn't change fstab file. When |
| using this option the final fstab file will be same that in rootfs and |
| wic doesn't update file, e.g adding a new mount point. User can control |
| the fstab file content in base-files recipe. |
| """ |
| |
| wic_list_usage = """ |
| |
| List available OpenEmbedded images and source plugins |
| |
| usage: wic list images |
| wic list <image> help |
| wic list source-plugins |
| |
| This command enumerates the set of available canned images as well as |
| help for those images. It also can be used to list of available source |
| plugins. |
| |
| The first form enumerates all the available 'canned' images. |
| |
| The second form lists the detailed help information for a specific |
| 'canned' image. |
| |
| The third form enumerates all the available --sources (source |
| plugins). |
| |
| See 'wic help list' for more details. |
| """ |
| |
| wic_list_help = """ |
| |
| NAME |
| wic list - List available OpenEmbedded images and source plugins |
| |
| SYNOPSIS |
| wic list images |
| wic list <image> help |
| wic list source-plugins |
| |
| DESCRIPTION |
| This command enumerates the set of available canned images as well |
| as help for those images. It also can be used to list available |
| source plugins. |
| |
| The first form enumerates all the available 'canned' images. |
| These are actually just the set of .wks files that have been moved |
| into the /scripts/lib/wic/canned-wks directory). |
| |
| The second form lists the detailed help information for a specific |
| 'canned' image. |
| |
| The third form enumerates all the available --sources (source |
| plugins). The contents of a given partition are driven by code |
| defined in 'source plugins'. Users specify a specific plugin via |
| the --source parameter of the partition .wks command. Normally |
| this is the 'rootfs' plugin but can be any of the more specialized |
| sources listed by the 'list source-plugins' command. Users can |
| also add their own source plugins - see 'wic help plugins' for |
| details. |
| """ |
| |
| wic_ls_usage = """ |
| |
| List content of a partitioned image |
| |
| usage: wic ls <image>[:<partition>[<path>]] [--native-sysroot <path>] |
| |
| This command outputs either list of image partitions or directory contents |
| of vfat and ext* partitions. |
| |
| See 'wic help ls' for more detailed instructions. |
| |
| """ |
| |
| wic_ls_help = """ |
| |
| NAME |
| wic ls - List contents of partitioned image or partition |
| |
| SYNOPSIS |
| wic ls <image> |
| wic ls <image>:<vfat or ext* partition> |
| wic ls <image>:<vfat or ext* partition><path> |
| wic ls <image>:<vfat or ext* partition><path> --native-sysroot <path> |
| |
| DESCRIPTION |
| This command lists either partitions of the image or directory contents |
| of vfat or ext* partitions. |
| |
| The first form it lists partitions of the image. |
| For example: |
| $ wic ls tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.wic |
| Num Start End Size Fstype |
| 1 1048576 24438783 23390208 fat16 |
| 2 25165824 50315263 25149440 ext4 |
| |
| Second and third form list directory content of the partition: |
| $ wic ls tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.wic:1 |
| Volume in drive : is boot |
| Volume Serial Number is 2DF2-5F02 |
| Directory for ::/ |
| |
| efi <DIR> 2017-05-11 10:54 |
| startup nsh 26 2017-05-11 10:54 |
| vmlinuz 6922288 2017-05-11 10:54 |
| 3 files 6 922 314 bytes |
| 15 818 752 bytes free |
| |
| |
| $ wic ls tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.wic:1/EFI/boot/ |
| Volume in drive : is boot |
| Volume Serial Number is 2DF2-5F02 |
| Directory for ::/EFI/boot |
| |
| . <DIR> 2017-05-11 10:54 |
| .. <DIR> 2017-05-11 10:54 |
| grub cfg 679 2017-05-11 10:54 |
| bootx64 efi 571392 2017-05-11 10:54 |
| 4 files 572 071 bytes |
| 15 818 752 bytes free |
| |
| The -n option is used to specify the path to the native sysroot |
| containing the tools(parted and mtools) to use. |
| |
| """ |
| |
| wic_cp_usage = """ |
| |
| Copy files and directories to the vfat or ext* partition |
| |
| usage: wic cp <src> <image>:<partition>[<path>] [--native-sysroot <path>] |
| |
| This command copies local files or directories to the vfat or ext* partitions |
| of partitioned image. |
| |
| See 'wic help cp' for more detailed instructions. |
| |
| """ |
| |
| wic_cp_help = """ |
| |
| NAME |
| wic cp - copy files and directories to the vfat or ext* partitions |
| |
| SYNOPSIS |
| wic cp <src> <image>:<partition> |
| wic cp <src> <image>:<partition><path> |
| wic cp <src> <image>:<partition><path> --native-sysroot <path> |
| |
| DESCRIPTION |
| This command copies files and directories to the vfat or ext* partition of |
| the partitioned image. |
| |
| The first form of it copies file or directory to the root directory of |
| the partition: |
| $ wic cp test.wks tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.wic:1 |
| $ wic ls tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.wic:1 |
| Volume in drive : is boot |
| Volume Serial Number is DB4C-FD4C |
| Directory for ::/ |
| |
| efi <DIR> 2017-05-24 18:15 |
| loader <DIR> 2017-05-24 18:15 |
| startup nsh 26 2017-05-24 18:15 |
| vmlinuz 6926384 2017-05-24 18:15 |
| test wks 628 2017-05-24 21:22 |
| 5 files 6 927 038 bytes |
| 15 677 440 bytes free |
| |
| The second form of the command copies file or directory to the specified directory |
| on the partition: |
| $ wic cp test tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.wic:1/efi/ |
| $ wic ls tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.wic:1/efi/ |
| Volume in drive : is boot |
| Volume Serial Number is DB4C-FD4C |
| Directory for ::/efi |
| |
| . <DIR> 2017-05-24 18:15 |
| .. <DIR> 2017-05-24 18:15 |
| boot <DIR> 2017-05-24 18:15 |
| test <DIR> 2017-05-24 21:27 |
| 4 files 0 bytes |
| 15 675 392 bytes free |
| |
| The -n option is used to specify the path to the native sysroot |
| containing the tools(parted and mtools) to use. |
| """ |
| |
| wic_rm_usage = """ |
| |
| Remove files or directories from the vfat or ext* partitions |
| |
| usage: wic rm <image>:<partition><path> [--native-sysroot <path>] |
| |
| This command removes files or directories from the vfat or ext* partitions of |
| the partitioned image. |
| |
| See 'wic help rm' for more detailed instructions. |
| |
| """ |
| |
| wic_rm_help = """ |
| |
| NAME |
| wic rm - remove files or directories from the vfat or ext* partitions |
| |
| SYNOPSIS |
| wic rm <src> <image>:<partition><path> |
| wic rm <src> <image>:<partition><path> --native-sysroot <path> |
| |
| DESCRIPTION |
| This command removes files or directories from the vfat or ext* partition of the |
| partitioned image: |
| |
| $ wic ls ./tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.wic:1 |
| Volume in drive : is boot |
| Volume Serial Number is 11D0-DE21 |
| Directory for ::/ |
| |
| libcom32 c32 186500 2017-06-02 15:15 |
| libutil c32 24148 2017-06-02 15:15 |
| syslinux cfg 209 2017-06-02 15:15 |
| vesamenu c32 27104 2017-06-02 15:15 |
| vmlinuz 6926384 2017-06-02 15:15 |
| 5 files 7 164 345 bytes |
| 16 582 656 bytes free |
| |
| $ wic rm ./tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.wic:1/libutil.c32 |
| |
| $ wic ls ./tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.wic:1 |
| Volume in drive : is boot |
| Volume Serial Number is 11D0-DE21 |
| Directory for ::/ |
| |
| libcom32 c32 186500 2017-06-02 15:15 |
| syslinux cfg 209 2017-06-02 15:15 |
| vesamenu c32 27104 2017-06-02 15:15 |
| vmlinuz 6926384 2017-06-02 15:15 |
| 4 files 7 140 197 bytes |
| 16 607 232 bytes free |
| |
| The -n option is used to specify the path to the native sysroot |
| containing the tools(parted and mtools) to use. |
| """ |
| |
| wic_write_usage = """ |
| |
| Write image to a device |
| |
| usage: wic write <image> <target device> [--expand [rules]] [--native-sysroot <path>] |
| |
| This command writes partitioned image to a target device (USB stick, SD card etc). |
| |
| See 'wic help write' for more detailed instructions. |
| |
| """ |
| |
| wic_write_help = """ |
| |
| NAME |
| wic write - write an image to a device |
| |
| SYNOPSIS |
| wic write <image> <target> |
| wic write <image> <target> --expand auto |
| wic write <image> <target> --expand 1:100M,2:300M |
| wic write <image> <target> --native-sysroot <path> |
| |
| DESCRIPTION |
| This command writes an image to a target device (USB stick, SD card etc) |
| |
| $ wic write ./tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.wic /dev/sdb |
| |
| The --expand option is used to resize image partitions. |
| --expand auto expands partitions to occupy all free space available on the target device. |
| It's also possible to specify expansion rules in a format |
| <partition>:<size>[,<partition>:<size>...] for one or more partitions. |
| Specifying size 0 will keep partition unmodified. |
| Note: Resizing boot partition can result in non-bootable image for non-EFI images. It is |
| recommended to use size 0 for boot partition to keep image bootable. |
| |
| The --native-sysroot option is used to specify the path to the native sysroot |
| containing the tools(parted, resize2fs) to use. |
| """ |
| |
| wic_plugins_help = """ |
| |
| NAME |
| wic plugins - Overview and API |
| |
| DESCRIPTION |
| plugins allow wic functionality to be extended and specialized by |
| users. This section documents the plugin interface, which is |
| currently restricted to 'source' plugins. |
| |
| 'Source' plugins provide a mechanism to customize various aspects |
| of the image generation process in wic, mainly the contents of |
| partitions. |
| |
| Source plugins provide a mechanism for mapping values specified in |
| .wks files using the --source keyword to a particular plugin |
| implementation that populates a corresponding partition. |
| |
| A source plugin is created as a subclass of SourcePlugin (see |
| scripts/lib/wic/pluginbase.py) and the plugin file containing it |
| is added to scripts/lib/wic/plugins/source/ to make the plugin |
| implementation available to the wic implementation. |
| |
| Source plugins can also be implemented and added by external |
| layers - any plugins found in a scripts/lib/wic/plugins/source/ |
| directory in an external layer will also be made available. |
| |
| When the wic implementation needs to invoke a partition-specific |
| implementation, it looks for the plugin that has the same name as |
| the --source param given to that partition. For example, if the |
| partition is set up like this: |
| |
| part /boot --source bootimg-pcbios ... |
| |
| then the methods defined as class members of the plugin having the |
| matching bootimg-pcbios .name class member would be used. |
| |
| To be more concrete, here's the plugin definition that would match |
| a '--source bootimg-pcbios' usage, along with an example method |
| that would be called by the wic implementation when it needed to |
| invoke an implementation-specific partition-preparation function: |
| |
| class BootimgPcbiosPlugin(SourcePlugin): |
| name = 'bootimg-pcbios' |
| |
| @classmethod |
| def do_prepare_partition(self, part, ...) |
| |
| If the subclass itself doesn't implement a function, a 'default' |
| version in a superclass will be located and used, which is why all |
| plugins must be derived from SourcePlugin. |
| |
| The SourcePlugin class defines the following methods, which is the |
| current set of methods that can be implemented/overridden by |
| --source plugins. Any methods not implemented by a SourcePlugin |
| subclass inherit the implementations present in the SourcePlugin |
| class (see the SourcePlugin source for details): |
| |
| do_prepare_partition() |
| Called to do the actual content population for a |
| partition. In other words, it 'prepares' the final partition |
| image which will be incorporated into the disk image. |
| |
| do_post_partition() |
| Called after the partition is created. It is useful to add post |
| operations e.g. signing the partition. |
| |
| do_configure_partition() |
| Called before do_prepare_partition(), typically used to |
| create custom configuration files for a partition, for |
| example syslinux or grub config files. |
| |
| do_install_disk() |
| Called after all partitions have been prepared and assembled |
| into a disk image. This provides a hook to allow |
| finalization of a disk image, for example to write an MBR to |
| it. |
| |
| do_stage_partition() |
| Special content-staging hook called before |
| do_prepare_partition(), normally empty. |
| |
| Typically, a partition will just use the passed-in |
| parameters, for example the unmodified value of bootimg_dir. |
| In some cases however, things may need to be more tailored. |
| As an example, certain files may additionally need to be |
| take from bootimg_dir + /boot. This hook allows those files |
| to be staged in a customized fashion. Note that |
| get_bitbake_var() allows you to access non-standard |
| variables that you might want to use for these types of |
| situations. |
| |
| This scheme is extensible - adding more hooks is a simple matter |
| of adding more plugin methods to SourcePlugin and derived classes. |
| Please see the implementation for details. |
| """ |
| |
| wic_overview_help = """ |
| |
| NAME |
| wic overview - General overview of wic |
| |
| DESCRIPTION |
| The 'wic' command generates partitioned images from existing |
| OpenEmbedded build artifacts. Image generation is driven by |
| partitioning commands contained in an 'Openembedded kickstart' |
| (.wks) file (see 'wic help kickstart') specified either directly |
| on the command-line or as one of a selection of canned .wks files |
| (see 'wic list images'). When applied to a given set of build |
| artifacts, the result is an image or set of images that can be |
| directly written onto media and used on a particular system. |
| |
| The 'wic' command and the infrastructure it's based on is by |
| definition incomplete - its purpose is to allow the generation of |
| customized images, and as such was designed to be completely |
| extensible via a plugin interface (see 'wic help plugins'). |
| |
| Background and Motivation |
| |
| wic is meant to be a completely independent standalone utility |
| that initially provides easier-to-use and more flexible |
| replacements for a couple bits of existing functionality in |
| oe-core: directdisk.bbclass and mkefidisk.sh. The difference |
| between wic and those examples is that with wic the functionality |
| of those scripts is implemented by a general-purpose partitioning |
| 'language' based on Redhat kickstart syntax). |
| |
| The initial motivation and design considerations that lead to the |
| current tool are described exhaustively in Yocto Bug #3847 |
| (https://bugzilla.yoctoproject.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3847). |
| |
| Implementation and Examples |
| |
| wic can be used in two different modes, depending on how much |
| control the user needs in specifying the Openembedded build |
| artifacts that will be used in creating the image: 'raw' and |
| 'cooked'. |
| |
| If used in 'raw' mode, artifacts are explicitly specified via |
| command-line arguments (see example below). |
| |
| The more easily usable 'cooked' mode uses the current MACHINE |
| setting and a specified image name to automatically locate the |
| artifacts used to create the image. |
| |
| OE kickstart files (.wks) can of course be specified directly on |
| the command-line, but the user can also choose from a set of |
| 'canned' .wks files available via the 'wic list images' command |
| (example below). |
| |
| In any case, the prerequisite for generating any image is to have |
| the build artifacts already available. The below examples assume |
| the user has already build a 'core-image-minimal' for a specific |
| machine (future versions won't require this redundant step, but |
| for now that's typically how build artifacts get generated). |
| |
| The other prerequisite is to source the build environment: |
| |
| $ source oe-init-build-env |
| |
| To start out with, we'll generate an image from one of the canned |
| .wks files. The following generates a list of availailable |
| images: |
| |
| $ wic list images |
| mkefidisk Create an EFI disk image |
| directdisk Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image |
| |
| You can get more information about any of the available images by |
| typing 'wic list xxx help', where 'xxx' is one of the image names: |
| |
| $ wic list mkefidisk help |
| |
| Creates a partitioned EFI disk image that the user can directly dd |
| to boot media. |
| |
| At any time, you can get help on the 'wic' command or any |
| subcommand (currently 'list' and 'create'). For instance, to get |
| the description of 'wic create' command and its parameters: |
| |
| $ wic create |
| |
| Usage: |
| |
| Create a new OpenEmbedded image |
| |
| usage: wic create <wks file or image name> [-o <DIRNAME> | ...] |
| [-i <JSON PROPERTY FILE> | --infile <JSON PROPERTY_FILE>] |
| [-e | --image-name] [-s, --skip-build-check] [-D, --debug] |
| [-r, --rootfs-dir] [-b, --bootimg-dir] [-k, --kernel-dir] |
| [-n, --native-sysroot] [-f, --build-rootfs] |
| |
| This command creates an OpenEmbedded image based on the 'OE |
| kickstart commands' found in the <wks file>. |
| |
| The -o option can be used to place the image in a directory |
| with a different name and location. |
| |
| See 'wic help create' for more detailed instructions. |
| ... |
| |
| As mentioned in the command, you can get even more detailed |
| information by adding 'help' to the above: |
| |
| $ wic help create |
| |
| So, the easiest way to create an image is to use the -e option |
| with a canned .wks file. To use the -e option, you need to |
| specify the image used to generate the artifacts and you actually |
| need to have the MACHINE used to build them specified in your |
| local.conf (these requirements aren't necessary if you aren't |
| using the -e options.) Below, we generate a directdisk image, |
| pointing the process at the core-image-minimal artifacts for the |
| current MACHINE: |
| |
| $ wic create directdisk -e core-image-minimal |
| |
| Checking basic build environment... |
| Done. |
| |
| Creating image(s)... |
| |
| Info: The new image(s) can be found here: |
| /var/tmp/wic/build/directdisk-201309252350-sda.direct |
| |
| The following build artifacts were used to create the image(s): |
| |
| ROOTFS_DIR: ... |
| BOOTIMG_DIR: ... |
| KERNEL_DIR: ... |
| NATIVE_SYSROOT: ... |
| |
| The image(s) were created using OE kickstart file: |
| .../scripts/lib/wic/canned-wks/directdisk.wks |
| |
| The output shows the name and location of the image created, and |
| so that you know exactly what was used to generate the image, each |
| of the artifacts and the kickstart file used. |
| |
| Similarly, you can create a 'mkefidisk' image in the same way |
| (notice that this example uses a different machine - because it's |
| using the -e option, you need to change the MACHINE in your |
| local.conf): |
| |
| $ wic create mkefidisk -e core-image-minimal |
| Checking basic build environment... |
| Done. |
| |
| Creating image(s)... |
| |
| Info: The new image(s) can be found here: |
| /var/tmp/wic/build/mkefidisk-201309260027-sda.direct |
| |
| ... |
| |
| Here's an example that doesn't take the easy way out and manually |
| specifies each build artifact, along with a non-canned .wks file, |
| and also uses the -o option to have wic create the output |
| somewhere other than the default /var/tmp/wic: |
| |
| $ wic create ./test.wks -o ./out --rootfs-dir |
| tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs |
| --bootimg-dir tmp/sysroots/qemux86-64/usr/share |
| --kernel-dir tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64 |
| --native-sysroot tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux |
| |
| Creating image(s)... |
| |
| Info: The new image(s) can be found here: |
| out/build/test-201507211313-sda.direct |
| |
| The following build artifacts were used to create the image(s): |
| ROOTFS_DIR: tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs |
| BOOTIMG_DIR: tmp/sysroots/qemux86-64/usr/share |
| KERNEL_DIR: tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64 |
| NATIVE_SYSROOT: tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux |
| |
| The image(s) were created using OE kickstart file: |
| ./test.wks |
| |
| Here is a content of test.wks: |
| |
| part /boot --source bootimg-pcbios --ondisk sda --label boot --active --align 1024 |
| part / --source rootfs --ondisk sda --fstype=ext3 --label platform --align 1024 |
| |
| bootloader --timeout=0 --append="rootwait rootfstype=ext3 video=vesafb vga=0x318 console=tty0" |
| |
| |
| Finally, here's an example of the actual partition language |
| commands used to generate the mkefidisk image i.e. these are the |
| contents of the mkefidisk.wks OE kickstart file: |
| |
| # short-description: Create an EFI disk image |
| # long-description: Creates a partitioned EFI disk image that the user |
| # can directly dd to boot media. |
| |
| part /boot --source bootimg-efi --ondisk sda --fstype=efi --active |
| |
| part / --source rootfs --ondisk sda --fstype=ext3 --label platform |
| |
| part swap --ondisk sda --size 44 --label swap1 --fstype=swap |
| |
| bootloader --timeout=10 --append="rootwait console=ttyPCH0,115200" |
| |
| You can get a complete listing and description of all the |
| kickstart commands available for use in .wks files from 'wic help |
| kickstart'. |
| """ |
| |
| wic_kickstart_help = """ |
| |
| NAME |
| wic kickstart - wic kickstart reference |
| |
| DESCRIPTION |
| This section provides the definitive reference to the wic |
| kickstart language. It also provides documentation on the list of |
| --source plugins available for use from the 'part' command (see |
| the 'Platform-specific Plugins' section below). |
| |
| The current wic implementation supports only the basic kickstart |
| partitioning commands: partition (or part for short) and |
| bootloader. |
| |
| The following is a listing of the commands, their syntax, and |
| meanings. The commands are based on the Fedora kickstart |
| documentation but with modifications to reflect wic capabilities. |
| |
| http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Kickstart#part_or_partition |
| http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Kickstart#bootloader |
| |
| Commands |
| |
| * 'part' or 'partition' |
| |
| This command creates a partition on the system and uses the |
| following syntax: |
| |
| part [<mountpoint>] |
| |
| The <mountpoint> is where the partition will be mounted and |
| must take of one of the following forms: |
| |
| /<path>: For example: /, /usr, or /home |
| |
| swap: The partition will be used as swap space. |
| |
| If a <mountpoint> is not specified the partition will be created |
| but will not be mounted. |
| |
| Partitions with a <mountpoint> specified will be automatically mounted. |
| This is achieved by wic adding entries to the fstab during image |
| generation. In order for a valid fstab to be generated one of the |
| --ondrive, --ondisk, --use-uuid or --use-label partition options must |
| be used for each partition that specifies a mountpoint. Note that with |
| --use-{uuid,label} and non-root <mountpoint>, including swap, the mount |
| program must understand the PARTUUID or LABEL syntax. This currently |
| excludes the busybox versions of these applications. |
| |
| |
| The following are supported 'part' options: |
| |
| --size: The minimum partition size. Specify an integer value |
| such as 500. Multipliers k, M ang G can be used. If |
| not specified, the size is in MB. |
| You do not need this option if you use --source. |
| |
| --fixed-size: Exact partition size. Value format is the same |
| as for --size option. This option cannot be |
| specified along with --size. If partition data |
| is larger than --fixed-size and error will be |
| raised when assembling disk image. |
| |
| --source: This option is a wic-specific option that names the |
| source of the data that will populate the |
| partition. The most common value for this option |
| is 'rootfs', but can be any value which maps to a |
| valid 'source plugin' (see 'wic help plugins'). |
| |
| If '--source rootfs' is used, it tells the wic |
| command to create a partition as large as needed |
| and to fill it with the contents of the root |
| filesystem pointed to by the '-r' wic command-line |
| option (or the equivalent rootfs derived from the |
| '-e' command-line option). The filesystem type |
| that will be used to create the partition is driven |
| by the value of the --fstype option specified for |
| the partition (see --fstype below). |
| |
| If --source <plugin-name>' is used, it tells the |
| wic command to create a partition as large as |
| needed and to fill with the contents of the |
| partition that will be generated by the specified |
| plugin name using the data pointed to by the '-r' |
| wic command-line option (or the equivalent rootfs |
| derived from the '-e' command-line option). |
| Exactly what those contents and filesystem type end |
| up being are dependent on the given plugin |
| implementation. |
| |
| If --source option is not used, the wic command |
| will create empty partition. --size parameter has |
| to be used to specify size of empty partition. |
| |
| --ondisk or --ondrive: Forces the partition to be created on |
| a particular disk. |
| |
| --fstype: Sets the file system type for the partition. These |
| apply to partitions created using '--source rootfs' (see |
| --source above). Valid values are: |
| |
| vfat |
| msdos |
| ext2 |
| ext3 |
| ext4 |
| btrfs |
| squashfs |
| swap |
| |
| --fsoptions: Specifies a free-form string of options to be |
| used when mounting the filesystem. This string |
| will be copied into the /etc/fstab file of the |
| installed system and should be enclosed in |
| quotes. If not specified, the default string is |
| "defaults". |
| |
| --label label: Specifies the label to give to the filesystem |
| to be made on the partition. If the given |
| label is already in use by another filesystem, |
| a new label is created for the partition. |
| |
| --use-label: This option is specific to wic. It makes wic to use the |
| label in /etc/fstab to specify a partition. If the |
| --use-label and --use-uuid are used at the same time, |
| we prefer the uuid because it is less likely to cause |
| name confliction. We don't support using this parameter |
| on the root partition since it requires an initramfs to |
| parse this value and we do not currently support that. |
| |
| --active: Marks the partition as active. |
| |
| --align (in KBytes): This option is specific to wic and says |
| to start a partition on an x KBytes |
| boundary. |
| |
| --no-table: This option is specific to wic. Space will be |
| reserved for the partition and it will be |
| populated but it will not be added to the |
| partition table. It may be useful for |
| bootloaders. |
| |
| --exclude-path: This option is specific to wic. It excludes the given |
| relative path from the resulting image. If the path |
| ends with a slash, only the content of the directory |
| is omitted, not the directory itself. This option only |
| has an effect with the rootfs source plugin. |
| |
| --extra-space: This option is specific to wic. It adds extra |
| space after the space filled by the content |
| of the partition. The final size can go |
| beyond the size specified by --size. |
| By default, 10MB. This option cannot be used |
| with --fixed-size option. |
| |
| --overhead-factor: This option is specific to wic. The |
| size of the partition is multiplied by |
| this factor. It has to be greater than or |
| equal to 1. The default value is 1.3. |
| This option cannot be used with --fixed-size |
| option. |
| |
| --part-name: This option is specific to wic. It specifies name for GPT partitions. |
| |
| --part-type: This option is specific to wic. It specifies partition |
| type GUID for GPT partitions. |
| List of partition type GUIDS can be found here: |
| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table#Partition_type_GUIDs |
| |
| --use-uuid: This option is specific to wic. It makes wic to generate |
| random globally unique identifier (GUID) for the partition |
| and use it in bootloader configuration to specify root partition. |
| |
| --uuid: This option is specific to wic. It specifies partition UUID. |
| It's useful if preconfigured partition UUID is added to kernel command line |
| in bootloader configuration before running wic. In this case .wks file can |
| be generated or modified to set preconfigured parition UUID using this option. |
| |
| --fsuuid: This option is specific to wic. It specifies filesystem UUID. |
| It's useful if preconfigured filesystem UUID is added to kernel command line |
| in bootloader configuration before running wic. In this case .wks file can |
| be generated or modified to set preconfigured filesystem UUID using this option. |
| |
| --system-id: This option is specific to wic. It specifies partition system id. It's useful |
| for the harware that requires non-default partition system ids. The parameter |
| in one byte long hex number either with 0x prefix or without it. |
| |
| --mkfs-extraopts: This option specifies extra options to pass to mkfs utility. |
| NOTE, that wic uses default options for some filesystems, for example |
| '-S 512' for mkfs.fat or '-F -i 8192' for mkfs.ext. Those options will |
| not take effect when --mkfs-extraopts is used. This should be taken into |
| account when using --mkfs-extraopts. |
| |
| * bootloader |
| |
| This command allows the user to specify various bootloader |
| options. The following are supported 'bootloader' options: |
| |
| --timeout: Specifies the number of seconds before the |
| bootloader times out and boots the default option. |
| |
| --append: Specifies kernel parameters. These will be added to |
| bootloader command-line - for example, the syslinux |
| APPEND or grub kernel command line. |
| |
| --configfile: Specifies a user defined configuration file for |
| the bootloader. This file must be located in the |
| canned-wks folder or could be the full path to the |
| file. Using this option will override any other |
| bootloader option. |
| |
| Note that bootloader functionality and boot partitions are |
| implemented by the various --source plugins that implement |
| bootloader functionality; the bootloader command essentially |
| provides a means of modifying bootloader configuration. |
| |
| * include |
| |
| This command allows the user to include the content of .wks file |
| into original .wks file. |
| |
| Command uses the following syntax: |
| |
| include <file> |
| |
| The <file> is either path to the file or its name. If name is |
| specified wic will try to find file in the directories with canned |
| .wks files. |
| |
| """ |
| |
| wic_help_help = """ |
| NAME |
| wic help - display a help topic |
| |
| DESCRIPTION |
| Specify a help topic to display it. Topics are shown above. |
| """ |