Andrew Geissler | f034379 | 2020-11-18 10:42:21 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | .. SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-2.0-UK |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 2 | |
| 3 | ************************** |
| 4 | Source Directory Structure |
| 5 | ************************** |
| 6 | |
| 7 | The :term:`Source Directory` consists of numerous files, |
| 8 | directories and subdirectories; understanding their locations and |
| 9 | contents is key to using the Yocto Project effectively. This chapter |
| 10 | describes the Source Directory and gives information about those files |
| 11 | and directories. |
| 12 | |
| 13 | For information on how to establish a local Source Directory on your |
| 14 | development system, see the |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 15 | ":ref:`dev-manual/start:locating yocto project source files`" |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 16 | section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual. |
| 17 | |
| 18 | .. note:: |
| 19 | |
| 20 | The OpenEmbedded build system does not support file or directory |
| 21 | names that contain spaces. Be sure that the Source Directory you use |
| 22 | does not contain these types of names. |
| 23 | |
| 24 | .. _structure-core: |
| 25 | |
| 26 | Top-Level Core Components |
| 27 | ========================= |
| 28 | |
| 29 | This section describes the top-level components of the :term:`Source Directory`. |
| 30 | |
| 31 | .. _structure-core-bitbake: |
| 32 | |
| 33 | ``bitbake/`` |
| 34 | ------------ |
| 35 | |
| 36 | This directory includes a copy of BitBake for ease of use. The copy |
| 37 | usually matches the current stable BitBake release from the BitBake |
| 38 | project. BitBake, a :term:`Metadata` interpreter, reads the |
| 39 | Yocto Project Metadata and runs the tasks defined by that data. Failures |
| 40 | are usually caused by errors in your Metadata and not from BitBake |
| 41 | itself; consequently, most users do not need to worry about BitBake. |
| 42 | |
| 43 | When you run the ``bitbake`` command, the main BitBake executable (which |
| 44 | resides in the ``bitbake/bin/`` directory) starts. Sourcing the |
| 45 | environment setup script (i.e. :ref:`structure-core-script`) places |
| 46 | the ``scripts/`` and ``bitbake/bin/`` directories (in that order) into |
| 47 | the shell's ``PATH`` environment variable. |
| 48 | |
| 49 | For more information on BitBake, see the :doc:`BitBake User Manual |
| 50 | <bitbake:index>`. |
| 51 | |
| 52 | .. _structure-core-build: |
| 53 | |
| 54 | ``build/`` |
| 55 | ---------- |
| 56 | |
| 57 | This directory contains user configuration files and the output |
| 58 | generated by the OpenEmbedded build system in its standard configuration |
| 59 | where the source tree is combined with the output. The :term:`Build Directory` |
| 60 | is created initially when you ``source`` |
| 61 | the OpenEmbedded build environment setup script (i.e. |
| 62 | :ref:`structure-core-script`). |
| 63 | |
| 64 | It is also possible to place output and configuration files in a |
| 65 | directory separate from the :term:`Source Directory` by |
| 66 | providing a directory name when you ``source`` the setup script. For |
| 67 | information on separating output from your local Source Directory files |
| 68 | (commonly described as an "out of tree" build), see the |
| 69 | ":ref:`structure-core-script`" section. |
| 70 | |
| 71 | .. _handbook: |
| 72 | |
| 73 | ``documentation/`` |
| 74 | ------------------ |
| 75 | |
| 76 | This directory holds the source for the Yocto Project documentation as |
| 77 | well as templates and tools that allow you to generate PDF and HTML |
| 78 | versions of the manuals. Each manual is contained in its own sub-folder; |
| 79 | for example, the files for this reference manual reside in the |
| 80 | ``ref-manual/`` directory. |
| 81 | |
| 82 | .. _structure-core-meta: |
| 83 | |
| 84 | ``meta/`` |
| 85 | --------- |
| 86 | |
| 87 | This directory contains the minimal, underlying OpenEmbedded-Core |
| 88 | metadata. The directory holds recipes, common classes, and machine |
| 89 | configuration for strictly emulated targets (``qemux86``, ``qemuarm``, |
| 90 | and so forth.) |
| 91 | |
| 92 | .. _structure-core-meta-poky: |
| 93 | |
| 94 | ``meta-poky/`` |
| 95 | -------------- |
| 96 | |
| 97 | Designed above the ``meta/`` content, this directory adds just enough |
| 98 | metadata to define the Poky reference distribution. |
| 99 | |
| 100 | .. _structure-core-meta-yocto-bsp: |
| 101 | |
| 102 | ``meta-yocto-bsp/`` |
| 103 | ------------------- |
| 104 | |
| 105 | This directory contains the Yocto Project reference hardware Board |
| 106 | Support Packages (BSPs). For more information on BSPs, see the |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 107 | :doc:`/bsp-guide/index`. |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 108 | |
| 109 | .. _structure-meta-selftest: |
| 110 | |
| 111 | ``meta-selftest/`` |
| 112 | ------------------ |
| 113 | |
| 114 | This directory adds additional recipes and append files used by the |
| 115 | OpenEmbedded selftests to verify the behavior of the build system. You |
| 116 | do not have to add this layer to your ``bblayers.conf`` file unless you |
| 117 | want to run the selftests. |
| 118 | |
| 119 | .. _structure-meta-skeleton: |
| 120 | |
| 121 | ``meta-skeleton/`` |
| 122 | ------------------ |
| 123 | |
| 124 | This directory contains template recipes for BSP and kernel development. |
| 125 | |
| 126 | .. _structure-core-scripts: |
| 127 | |
| 128 | ``scripts/`` |
| 129 | ------------ |
| 130 | |
| 131 | This directory contains various integration scripts that implement extra |
| 132 | functionality in the Yocto Project environment (e.g. QEMU scripts). The |
| 133 | :ref:`structure-core-script` script prepends this directory to the |
| 134 | shell's ``PATH`` environment variable. |
| 135 | |
| 136 | The ``scripts`` directory has useful scripts that assist in contributing |
| 137 | back to the Yocto Project, such as ``create-pull-request`` and |
| 138 | ``send-pull-request``. |
| 139 | |
| 140 | .. _structure-core-script: |
| 141 | |
| 142 | ``oe-init-build-env`` |
| 143 | --------------------- |
| 144 | |
| 145 | This script sets up the OpenEmbedded build environment. Running this |
| 146 | script with the ``source`` command in a shell makes changes to ``PATH`` |
| 147 | and sets other core BitBake variables based on the current working |
| 148 | directory. You need to run an environment setup script before running |
| 149 | BitBake commands. The script uses other scripts within the ``scripts`` |
| 150 | directory to do the bulk of the work. |
| 151 | |
| 152 | When you run this script, your Yocto Project environment is set up, a |
| 153 | :term:`Build Directory` is created, your working |
| 154 | directory becomes the Build Directory, and you are presented with some |
| 155 | simple suggestions as to what to do next, including a list of some |
| 156 | possible targets to build. Here is an example: |
| 157 | :: |
| 158 | |
| 159 | $ source oe-init-build-env |
| 160 | |
| 161 | ### Shell environment set up for builds. ### |
| 162 | |
| 163 | You can now run 'bitbake <target>' |
| 164 | |
| 165 | Common targets are: |
| 166 | core-image-minimal |
| 167 | core-image-sato |
| 168 | meta-toolchain |
| 169 | meta-ide-support |
| 170 | |
| 171 | You can also run generated qemu images with a command like 'runqemu qemux86-64' |
| 172 | |
| 173 | The default output of the ``oe-init-build-env`` script is from the |
| 174 | ``conf-notes.txt`` file, which is found in the ``meta-poky`` directory |
| 175 | within the :term:`Source Directory`. If you design a |
| 176 | custom distribution, you can include your own version of this |
| 177 | configuration file to mention the targets defined by your distribution. |
| 178 | See the |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 179 | ":ref:`dev-manual/common-tasks:creating a custom template configuration directory`" |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 180 | section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more |
| 181 | information. |
| 182 | |
| 183 | By default, running this script without a Build Directory argument |
| 184 | creates the ``build/`` directory in your current working directory. If |
| 185 | you provide a Build Directory argument when you ``source`` the script, |
| 186 | you direct the OpenEmbedded build system to create a Build Directory of |
| 187 | your choice. For example, the following command creates a Build |
| 188 | Directory named ``mybuilds/`` that is outside of the :term:`Source Directory`: |
| 189 | :: |
| 190 | |
Andrew Geissler | 4c19ea1 | 2020-10-27 13:52:24 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 191 | $ source oe-init-build-env ~/mybuilds |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 192 | |
| 193 | The OpenEmbedded build system uses the template configuration files, which |
| 194 | are found by default in the ``meta-poky/conf/`` directory in the Source |
| 195 | Directory. See the |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 196 | ":ref:`dev-manual/common-tasks:creating a custom template configuration directory`" |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 197 | section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more |
| 198 | information. |
| 199 | |
| 200 | .. note:: |
| 201 | |
| 202 | The OpenEmbedded build system does not support file or directory |
Andrew Geissler | 4c19ea1 | 2020-10-27 13:52:24 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 203 | names that contain spaces. If you attempt to run the ``oe-init-build-env`` |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 204 | script from a Source Directory that contains spaces in either the |
| 205 | filenames or directory names, the script returns an error indicating |
| 206 | no such file or directory. Be sure to use a Source Directory free of |
| 207 | names containing spaces. |
| 208 | |
| 209 | .. _structure-basic-top-level: |
| 210 | |
| 211 | ``LICENSE, README, and README.hardware`` |
| 212 | ---------------------------------------- |
| 213 | |
| 214 | These files are standard top-level files. |
| 215 | |
| 216 | .. _structure-build: |
| 217 | |
| 218 | The Build Directory - ``build/`` |
| 219 | ================================ |
| 220 | |
| 221 | The OpenEmbedded build system creates the :term:`Build Directory` |
| 222 | when you run the build environment setup |
| 223 | script :ref:`structure-core-script`. If you do not give the Build |
| 224 | Directory a specific name when you run the setup script, the name |
| 225 | defaults to ``build/``. |
| 226 | |
| 227 | For subsequent parsing and processing, the name of the Build directory |
| 228 | is available via the :term:`TOPDIR` variable. |
| 229 | |
| 230 | .. _structure-build-buildhistory: |
| 231 | |
| 232 | ``build/buildhistory/`` |
| 233 | ----------------------- |
| 234 | |
| 235 | The OpenEmbedded build system creates this directory when you enable |
| 236 | build history via the ``buildhistory`` class file. The directory |
| 237 | organizes build information into image, packages, and SDK |
| 238 | subdirectories. For information on the build history feature, see the |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 239 | ":ref:`dev-manual/common-tasks:maintaining build output quality`" |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 240 | section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual. |
| 241 | |
| 242 | .. _structure-build-conf-local.conf: |
| 243 | |
| 244 | ``build/conf/local.conf`` |
| 245 | ------------------------- |
| 246 | |
| 247 | This configuration file contains all the local user configurations for |
| 248 | your build environment. The ``local.conf`` file contains documentation |
| 249 | on the various configuration options. Any variable set here overrides |
| 250 | any variable set elsewhere within the environment unless that variable |
| 251 | is hard-coded within a file (e.g. by using '=' instead of '?='). Some |
| 252 | variables are hard-coded for various reasons but such variables are |
| 253 | relatively rare. |
| 254 | |
| 255 | At a minimum, you would normally edit this file to select the target |
| 256 | ``MACHINE``, which package types you wish to use |
| 257 | (:term:`PACKAGE_CLASSES`), and the location from |
| 258 | which you want to access downloaded files (``DL_DIR``). |
| 259 | |
| 260 | If ``local.conf`` is not present when you start the build, the |
| 261 | OpenEmbedded build system creates it from ``local.conf.sample`` when you |
| 262 | ``source`` the top-level build environment setup script |
| 263 | :ref:`structure-core-script`. |
| 264 | |
| 265 | The source ``local.conf.sample`` file used depends on the |
| 266 | ``$TEMPLATECONF`` script variable, which defaults to ``meta-poky/conf/`` |
| 267 | when you are building from the Yocto Project development environment, |
| 268 | and to ``meta/conf/`` when you are building from the OpenEmbedded-Core |
| 269 | environment. Because the script variable points to the source of the |
| 270 | ``local.conf.sample`` file, this implies that you can configure your |
| 271 | build environment from any layer by setting the variable in the |
| 272 | top-level build environment setup script as follows: |
| 273 | :: |
| 274 | |
| 275 | TEMPLATECONF=your_layer/conf |
| 276 | |
| 277 | Once the build process gets the sample |
| 278 | file, it uses ``sed`` to substitute final |
| 279 | ``${``\ :term:`OEROOT`\ ``}`` values for all |
| 280 | ``##OEROOT##`` values. |
| 281 | |
| 282 | .. note:: |
| 283 | |
Andrew Geissler | 4c19ea1 | 2020-10-27 13:52:24 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 284 | You can see how the ``TEMPLATECONF`` variable is used by looking at the |
| 285 | ``scripts/oe-setup-builddir``` script in the :term:`Source Directory`. |
| 286 | You can find the Yocto Project version of the ``local.conf.sample`` file in |
| 287 | the ``meta-poky/conf`` directory. |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 288 | |
| 289 | .. _structure-build-conf-bblayers.conf: |
| 290 | |
| 291 | ``build/conf/bblayers.conf`` |
| 292 | ---------------------------- |
| 293 | |
| 294 | This configuration file defines |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 295 | :ref:`layers <dev-manual/common-tasks:understanding and creating layers>`, |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 296 | which are directory trees, traversed (or walked) by BitBake. The |
| 297 | ``bblayers.conf`` file uses the :term:`BBLAYERS` |
| 298 | variable to list the layers BitBake tries to find. |
| 299 | |
| 300 | If ``bblayers.conf`` is not present when you start the build, the |
| 301 | OpenEmbedded build system creates it from ``bblayers.conf.sample`` when |
| 302 | you ``source`` the top-level build environment setup script (i.e. |
| 303 | :ref:`structure-core-script`). |
| 304 | |
| 305 | As with the ``local.conf`` file, the source ``bblayers.conf.sample`` |
| 306 | file used depends on the ``$TEMPLATECONF`` script variable, which |
| 307 | defaults to ``meta-poky/conf/`` when you are building from the Yocto |
| 308 | Project development environment, and to ``meta/conf/`` when you are |
| 309 | building from the OpenEmbedded-Core environment. Because the script |
| 310 | variable points to the source of the ``bblayers.conf.sample`` file, this |
| 311 | implies that you can base your build from any layer by setting the |
| 312 | variable in the top-level build environment setup script as follows: |
| 313 | :: |
| 314 | |
| 315 | TEMPLATECONF=your_layer/conf |
| 316 | |
| 317 | Once the build process gets the sample file, it uses ``sed`` to substitute final |
| 318 | ``${``\ :term:`OEROOT`\ ``}`` values for all ``##OEROOT##`` values. |
| 319 | |
| 320 | .. note:: |
| 321 | |
Andrew Geissler | 4c19ea1 | 2020-10-27 13:52:24 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 322 | You can see how the ``TEMPLATECONF`` variable ``scripts/oe-setup-builddir`` |
| 323 | script in the :term:`Source Directory`. You can find the Yocto Project |
| 324 | version of the ``bblayers.conf.sample`` file in the ``meta-poky/conf/`` |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 325 | directory. |
| 326 | |
| 327 | .. _structure-build-conf-sanity_info: |
| 328 | |
| 329 | ``build/cache/sanity_info`` |
| 330 | --------------------------- |
| 331 | |
| 332 | This file indicates the state of the sanity checks and is created during |
| 333 | the build. |
| 334 | |
| 335 | .. _structure-build-downloads: |
| 336 | |
| 337 | ``build/downloads/`` |
| 338 | -------------------- |
| 339 | |
| 340 | This directory contains downloaded upstream source tarballs. You can |
| 341 | reuse the directory for multiple builds or move the directory to another |
| 342 | location. You can control the location of this directory through the |
| 343 | ``DL_DIR`` variable. |
| 344 | |
| 345 | .. _structure-build-sstate-cache: |
| 346 | |
| 347 | ``build/sstate-cache/`` |
| 348 | ----------------------- |
| 349 | |
| 350 | This directory contains the shared state cache. You can reuse the |
| 351 | directory for multiple builds or move the directory to another location. |
| 352 | You can control the location of this directory through the |
| 353 | ``SSTATE_DIR`` variable. |
| 354 | |
| 355 | .. _structure-build-tmp: |
| 356 | |
| 357 | ``build/tmp/`` |
| 358 | -------------- |
| 359 | |
| 360 | The OpenEmbedded build system creates and uses this directory for all |
| 361 | the build system's output. The :term:`TMPDIR` variable |
| 362 | points to this directory. |
| 363 | |
| 364 | BitBake creates this directory if it does not exist. As a last resort, |
| 365 | to clean up a build and start it from scratch (other than the |
| 366 | downloads), you can remove everything in the ``tmp`` directory or get |
| 367 | rid of the directory completely. If you do, you should also completely |
| 368 | remove the ``build/sstate-cache`` directory. |
| 369 | |
| 370 | .. _structure-build-tmp-buildstats: |
| 371 | |
| 372 | ``build/tmp/buildstats/`` |
| 373 | ------------------------- |
| 374 | |
| 375 | This directory stores the build statistics. |
| 376 | |
| 377 | .. _structure-build-tmp-cache: |
| 378 | |
| 379 | ``build/tmp/cache/`` |
| 380 | -------------------- |
| 381 | |
| 382 | When BitBake parses the metadata (recipes and configuration files), it |
| 383 | caches the results in ``build/tmp/cache/`` to speed up future builds. |
| 384 | The results are stored on a per-machine basis. |
| 385 | |
| 386 | During subsequent builds, BitBake checks each recipe (together with, for |
| 387 | example, any files included or appended to it) to see if they have been |
| 388 | modified. Changes can be detected, for example, through file |
| 389 | modification time (mtime) changes and hashing of file contents. If no |
| 390 | changes to the file are detected, then the parsed result stored in the |
| 391 | cache is reused. If the file has changed, it is reparsed. |
| 392 | |
| 393 | .. _structure-build-tmp-deploy: |
| 394 | |
| 395 | ``build/tmp/deploy/`` |
| 396 | --------------------- |
| 397 | |
| 398 | This directory contains any "end result" output from the OpenEmbedded |
| 399 | build process. The :term:`DEPLOY_DIR` variable points |
| 400 | to this directory. For more detail on the contents of the ``deploy`` |
| 401 | directory, see the |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 402 | ":ref:`overview-manual/concepts:images`" and |
| 403 | ":ref:`overview-manual/concepts:application development sdk`" sections in the Yocto |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 404 | Project Overview and Concepts Manual. |
| 405 | |
| 406 | .. _structure-build-tmp-deploy-deb: |
| 407 | |
| 408 | ``build/tmp/deploy/deb/`` |
| 409 | ------------------------- |
| 410 | |
| 411 | This directory receives any ``.deb`` packages produced by the build |
| 412 | process. The packages are sorted into feeds for different architecture |
| 413 | types. |
| 414 | |
| 415 | .. _structure-build-tmp-deploy-rpm: |
| 416 | |
| 417 | ``build/tmp/deploy/rpm/`` |
| 418 | ------------------------- |
| 419 | |
| 420 | This directory receives any ``.rpm`` packages produced by the build |
| 421 | process. The packages are sorted into feeds for different architecture |
| 422 | types. |
| 423 | |
| 424 | .. _structure-build-tmp-deploy-ipk: |
| 425 | |
| 426 | ``build/tmp/deploy/ipk/`` |
| 427 | ------------------------- |
| 428 | |
| 429 | This directory receives ``.ipk`` packages produced by the build process. |
| 430 | |
| 431 | .. _structure-build-tmp-deploy-licenses: |
| 432 | |
| 433 | ``build/tmp/deploy/licenses/`` |
| 434 | ------------------------------ |
| 435 | |
| 436 | This directory receives package licensing information. For example, the |
| 437 | directory contains sub-directories for ``bash``, ``busybox``, and |
| 438 | ``glibc`` (among others) that in turn contain appropriate ``COPYING`` |
| 439 | license files with other licensing information. For information on |
| 440 | licensing, see the |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 441 | ":ref:`dev-manual/common-tasks:maintaining open source license compliance during your product's lifecycle`" |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 442 | section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual. |
| 443 | |
| 444 | .. _structure-build-tmp-deploy-images: |
| 445 | |
| 446 | ``build/tmp/deploy/images/`` |
| 447 | ---------------------------- |
| 448 | |
| 449 | This directory is populated with the basic output objects of the build |
| 450 | (think of them as the "generated artifacts" of the build process), |
| 451 | including things like the boot loader image, kernel, root filesystem and |
| 452 | more. If you want to flash the resulting image from a build onto a |
| 453 | device, look here for the necessary components. |
| 454 | |
| 455 | Be careful when deleting files in this directory. You can safely delete |
| 456 | old images from this directory (e.g. ``core-image-*``). However, the |
| 457 | kernel (``*zImage*``, ``*uImage*``, etc.), bootloader and other |
| 458 | supplementary files might be deployed here prior to building an image. |
| 459 | Because these files are not directly produced from the image, if you |
| 460 | delete them they will not be automatically re-created when you build the |
| 461 | image again. |
| 462 | |
| 463 | If you do accidentally delete files here, you will need to force them to |
| 464 | be re-created. In order to do that, you will need to know the target |
| 465 | that produced them. For example, these commands rebuild and re-create |
| 466 | the kernel files: |
| 467 | :: |
| 468 | |
| 469 | $ bitbake -c clean virtual/kernel |
| 470 | $ bitbake virtual/kernel |
| 471 | |
| 472 | .. _structure-build-tmp-deploy-sdk: |
| 473 | |
| 474 | ``build/tmp/deploy/sdk/`` |
| 475 | ------------------------- |
| 476 | |
| 477 | The OpenEmbedded build system creates this directory to hold toolchain |
| 478 | installer scripts which, when executed, install the sysroot that matches |
| 479 | your target hardware. You can find out more about these installers in |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 480 | the ":ref:`sdk-manual/appendix-obtain:building an sdk installer`" |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 481 | section in the Yocto Project Application Development and the Extensible |
| 482 | Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual. |
| 483 | |
| 484 | .. _structure-build-tmp-sstate-control: |
| 485 | |
| 486 | ``build/tmp/sstate-control/`` |
| 487 | ----------------------------- |
| 488 | |
| 489 | The OpenEmbedded build system uses this directory for the shared state |
| 490 | manifest files. The shared state code uses these files to record the |
| 491 | files installed by each sstate task so that the files can be removed |
| 492 | when cleaning the recipe or when a newer version is about to be |
| 493 | installed. The build system also uses the manifests to detect and |
| 494 | produce a warning when files from one task are overwriting those from |
| 495 | another. |
| 496 | |
| 497 | .. _structure-build-tmp-sysroots-components: |
| 498 | |
| 499 | ``build/tmp/sysroots-components/`` |
| 500 | ---------------------------------- |
| 501 | |
| 502 | This directory is the location of the sysroot contents that the task |
| 503 | :ref:`ref-tasks-prepare_recipe_sysroot` |
| 504 | links or copies into the recipe-specific sysroot for each recipe listed |
| 505 | in :term:`DEPENDS`. Population of this directory is |
| 506 | handled through shared state, while the path is specified by the |
| 507 | :term:`COMPONENTS_DIR` variable. Apart from a few |
| 508 | unusual circumstances, handling of the ``sysroots-components`` directory |
| 509 | should be automatic, and recipes should not directly reference |
| 510 | ``build/tmp/sysroots-components``. |
| 511 | |
| 512 | .. _structure-build-tmp-sysroots: |
| 513 | |
| 514 | ``build/tmp/sysroots/`` |
| 515 | ----------------------- |
| 516 | |
| 517 | Previous versions of the OpenEmbedded build system used to create a |
| 518 | global shared sysroot per machine along with a native sysroot. Beginning |
Andrew Geissler | 4c19ea1 | 2020-10-27 13:52:24 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 519 | with the 2.3 version of the Yocto Project, sysroots exist in |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 520 | recipe-specific :term:`WORKDIR` directories. Thus, the |
| 521 | ``build/tmp/sysroots/`` directory is unused. |
| 522 | |
| 523 | .. note:: |
| 524 | |
Andrew Geissler | 4c19ea1 | 2020-10-27 13:52:24 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 525 | The ``build/tmp/sysroots/`` directory can still be populated using the |
| 526 | ``bitbake build-sysroots`` command and can be used for compatibility in some |
| 527 | cases. However, in general it is not recommended to populate this directory. |
| 528 | Individual recipe-specific sysroots should be used. |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 529 | |
| 530 | .. _structure-build-tmp-stamps: |
| 531 | |
| 532 | ``build/tmp/stamps/`` |
| 533 | --------------------- |
| 534 | |
| 535 | This directory holds information that BitBake uses for accounting |
| 536 | purposes to track what tasks have run and when they have run. The |
| 537 | directory is sub-divided by architecture, package name, and version. |
| 538 | Following is an example: |
Andrew Geissler | 4c19ea1 | 2020-10-27 13:52:24 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 539 | :: |
| 540 | |
| 541 | stamps/all-poky-linux/distcc-config/1.0-r0.do_build-2fdd....2do |
| 542 | |
| 543 | Although the files in the directory are empty of data, BitBake uses the filenames |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 544 | and timestamps for tracking purposes. |
| 545 | |
| 546 | For information on how BitBake uses stamp files to determine if a task |
| 547 | should be rerun, see the |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 548 | ":ref:`overview-manual/concepts:stamp files and the rerunning of tasks`" |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 549 | section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual. |
| 550 | |
| 551 | .. _structure-build-tmp-log: |
| 552 | |
| 553 | ``build/tmp/log/`` |
| 554 | ------------------ |
| 555 | |
| 556 | This directory contains general logs that are not otherwise placed using |
| 557 | the package's ``WORKDIR``. Examples of logs are the output from the |
| 558 | ``do_check_pkg`` or ``do_distro_check`` tasks. Running a build does not |
| 559 | necessarily mean this directory is created. |
| 560 | |
| 561 | .. _structure-build-tmp-work: |
| 562 | |
| 563 | ``build/tmp/work/`` |
| 564 | ------------------- |
| 565 | |
| 566 | This directory contains architecture-specific work sub-directories for |
| 567 | packages built by BitBake. All tasks execute from the appropriate work |
| 568 | directory. For example, the source for a particular package is unpacked, |
| 569 | patched, configured and compiled all within its own work directory. |
| 570 | Within the work directory, organization is based on the package group |
| 571 | and version for which the source is being compiled as defined by the |
| 572 | :term:`WORKDIR`. |
| 573 | |
| 574 | It is worth considering the structure of a typical work directory. As an |
| 575 | example, consider ``linux-yocto-kernel-3.0`` on the machine ``qemux86`` |
| 576 | built within the Yocto Project. For this package, a work directory of |
| 577 | ``tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/linux-yocto/3.0+git1+<.....>``, referred |
| 578 | to as the ``WORKDIR``, is created. Within this directory, the source is |
| 579 | unpacked to ``linux-qemux86-standard-build`` and then patched by Quilt. |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 580 | (See the ":ref:`dev-manual/common-tasks:using quilt in your workflow`" section in |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 581 | the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more information.) Within |
| 582 | the ``linux-qemux86-standard-build`` directory, standard Quilt |
| 583 | directories ``linux-3.0/patches`` and ``linux-3.0/.pc`` are created, and |
| 584 | standard Quilt commands can be used. |
| 585 | |
| 586 | There are other directories generated within ``WORKDIR``. The most |
| 587 | important directory is ``WORKDIR/temp/``, which has log files for each |
| 588 | task (``log.do_*.pid``) and contains the scripts BitBake runs for each |
| 589 | task (``run.do_*.pid``). The ``WORKDIR/image/`` directory is where "make |
| 590 | install" places its output that is then split into sub-packages within |
| 591 | ``WORKDIR/packages-split/``. |
| 592 | |
| 593 | .. _structure-build-tmp-work-tunearch-recipename-version: |
| 594 | |
| 595 | ``build/tmp/work/tunearch/recipename/version/`` |
| 596 | ----------------------------------------------- |
| 597 | |
| 598 | The recipe work directory - ``${WORKDIR}``. |
| 599 | |
| 600 | As described earlier in the |
Andrew Geissler | 4c19ea1 | 2020-10-27 13:52:24 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 601 | ":ref:`structure-build-tmp-sysroots`" section, |
| 602 | beginning with the 2.3 release of the Yocto Project, the OpenEmbedded |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 603 | build system builds each recipe in its own work directory (i.e. |
| 604 | :term:`WORKDIR`). The path to the work directory is |
| 605 | constructed using the architecture of the given build (e.g. |
Andrew Geissler | 4c19ea1 | 2020-10-27 13:52:24 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 606 | :term:`TUNE_PKGARCH`, :term:`MACHINE_ARCH`, or "allarch"), the recipe |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 607 | name, and the version of the recipe (i.e. |
| 608 | :term:`PE`\ ``:``\ :term:`PV`\ ``-``\ :term:`PR`). |
| 609 | |
| 610 | A number of key subdirectories exist within each recipe work directory: |
| 611 | |
| 612 | - ``${WORKDIR}/temp``: Contains the log files of each task executed for |
| 613 | this recipe, the "run" files for each executed task, which contain |
| 614 | the code run, and a ``log.task_order`` file, which lists the order in |
| 615 | which tasks were executed. |
| 616 | |
| 617 | - ``${WORKDIR}/image``: Contains the output of the |
| 618 | :ref:`ref-tasks-install` task, which corresponds to |
| 619 | the ``${``\ :term:`D`\ ``}`` variable in that task. |
| 620 | |
| 621 | - ``${WORKDIR}/pseudo``: Contains the pseudo database and log for any |
| 622 | tasks executed under pseudo for the recipe. |
| 623 | |
| 624 | - ``${WORKDIR}/sysroot-destdir``: Contains the output of the |
| 625 | :ref:`ref-tasks-populate_sysroot` task. |
| 626 | |
| 627 | - ``${WORKDIR}/package``: Contains the output of the |
| 628 | :ref:`ref-tasks-package` task before the output is |
| 629 | split into individual packages. |
| 630 | |
| 631 | - ``${WORKDIR}/packages-split``: Contains the output of the |
| 632 | ``do_package`` task after the output has been split into individual |
| 633 | packages. Subdirectories exist for each individual package created by |
| 634 | the recipe. |
| 635 | |
| 636 | - ``${WORKDIR}/recipe-sysroot``: A directory populated with the target |
| 637 | dependencies of the recipe. This directory looks like the target |
| 638 | filesystem and contains libraries that the recipe might need to link |
| 639 | against (e.g. the C library). |
| 640 | |
| 641 | - ``${WORKDIR}/recipe-sysroot-native``: A directory populated with the |
| 642 | native dependencies of the recipe. This directory contains the tools |
| 643 | the recipe needs to build (e.g. the compiler, Autoconf, libtool, and |
| 644 | so forth). |
| 645 | |
| 646 | - ``${WORKDIR}/build``: This subdirectory applies only to recipes that |
| 647 | support builds where the source is separate from the build artifacts. |
| 648 | The OpenEmbedded build system uses this directory as a separate build |
| 649 | directory (i.e. ``${``\ :term:`B`\ ``}``). |
| 650 | |
| 651 | .. _structure-build-work-shared: |
| 652 | |
| 653 | ``build/tmp/work-shared/`` |
| 654 | -------------------------- |
| 655 | |
| 656 | For efficiency, the OpenEmbedded build system creates and uses this |
| 657 | directory to hold recipes that share a work directory with other |
| 658 | recipes. In practice, this is only used for ``gcc`` and its variants |
| 659 | (e.g. ``gcc-cross``, ``libgcc``, ``gcc-runtime``, and so forth). |
| 660 | |
| 661 | .. _structure-meta: |
| 662 | |
| 663 | The Metadata - ``meta/`` |
| 664 | ======================== |
| 665 | |
| 666 | As mentioned previously, :term:`Metadata` is the core of the |
| 667 | Yocto Project. Metadata has several important subdivisions: |
| 668 | |
| 669 | .. _structure-meta-classes: |
| 670 | |
| 671 | ``meta/classes/`` |
| 672 | ----------------- |
| 673 | |
| 674 | This directory contains the ``*.bbclass`` files. Class files are used to |
| 675 | abstract common code so it can be reused by multiple packages. Every |
| 676 | package inherits the ``base.bbclass`` file. Examples of other important |
| 677 | classes are ``autotools.bbclass``, which in theory allows any |
| 678 | Autotool-enabled package to work with the Yocto Project with minimal |
| 679 | effort. Another example is ``kernel.bbclass`` that contains common code |
| 680 | and functions for working with the Linux kernel. Functions like image |
| 681 | generation or packaging also have their specific class files such as |
| 682 | ``image.bbclass``, ``rootfs_*.bbclass`` and ``package*.bbclass``. |
| 683 | |
| 684 | For reference information on classes, see the |
Andrew Geissler | 09209ee | 2020-12-13 08:44:15 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 685 | ":ref:`ref-manual/classes:Classes`" chapter. |
Andrew Geissler | c9f7865 | 2020-09-18 14:11:35 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 686 | |
| 687 | .. _structure-meta-conf: |
| 688 | |
| 689 | ``meta/conf/`` |
| 690 | -------------- |
| 691 | |
| 692 | This directory contains the core set of configuration files that start |
| 693 | from ``bitbake.conf`` and from which all other configuration files are |
| 694 | included. See the include statements at the end of the ``bitbake.conf`` |
| 695 | file and you will note that even ``local.conf`` is loaded from there. |
| 696 | While ``bitbake.conf`` sets up the defaults, you can often override |
| 697 | these by using the (``local.conf``) file, machine file or the |
| 698 | distribution configuration file. |
| 699 | |
| 700 | .. _structure-meta-conf-machine: |
| 701 | |
| 702 | ``meta/conf/machine/`` |
| 703 | ---------------------- |
| 704 | |
| 705 | This directory contains all the machine configuration files. If you set |
| 706 | ``MACHINE = "qemux86"``, the OpenEmbedded build system looks for a |
| 707 | ``qemux86.conf`` file in this directory. The ``include`` directory |
| 708 | contains various data common to multiple machines. If you want to add |
| 709 | support for a new machine to the Yocto Project, look in this directory. |
| 710 | |
| 711 | .. _structure-meta-conf-distro: |
| 712 | |
| 713 | ``meta/conf/distro/`` |
| 714 | --------------------- |
| 715 | |
| 716 | The contents of this directory controls any distribution-specific |
| 717 | configurations. For the Yocto Project, the ``defaultsetup.conf`` is the |
| 718 | main file here. This directory includes the versions and the ``SRCDATE`` |
| 719 | definitions for applications that are configured here. An example of an |
| 720 | alternative configuration might be ``poky-bleeding.conf``. Although this |
| 721 | file mainly inherits its configuration from Poky. |
| 722 | |
| 723 | .. _structure-meta-conf-machine-sdk: |
| 724 | |
| 725 | ``meta/conf/machine-sdk/`` |
| 726 | -------------------------- |
| 727 | |
| 728 | The OpenEmbedded build system searches this directory for configuration |
| 729 | files that correspond to the value of |
| 730 | :term:`SDKMACHINE`. By default, 32-bit and 64-bit x86 |
| 731 | files ship with the Yocto Project that support some SDK hosts. However, |
| 732 | it is possible to extend that support to other SDK hosts by adding |
| 733 | additional configuration files in this subdirectory within another |
| 734 | layer. |
| 735 | |
| 736 | .. _structure-meta-files: |
| 737 | |
| 738 | ``meta/files/`` |
| 739 | --------------- |
| 740 | |
| 741 | This directory contains common license files and several text files used |
| 742 | by the build system. The text files contain minimal device information |
| 743 | and lists of files and directories with known permissions. |
| 744 | |
| 745 | .. _structure-meta-lib: |
| 746 | |
| 747 | ``meta/lib/`` |
| 748 | ------------- |
| 749 | |
| 750 | This directory contains OpenEmbedded Python library code used during the |
| 751 | build process. |
| 752 | |
| 753 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-bsp: |
| 754 | |
| 755 | ``meta/recipes-bsp/`` |
| 756 | --------------------- |
| 757 | |
| 758 | This directory contains anything linking to specific hardware or |
| 759 | hardware configuration information such as "u-boot" and "grub". |
| 760 | |
| 761 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-connectivity: |
| 762 | |
| 763 | ``meta/recipes-connectivity/`` |
| 764 | ------------------------------ |
| 765 | |
| 766 | This directory contains libraries and applications related to |
| 767 | communication with other devices. |
| 768 | |
| 769 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-core: |
| 770 | |
| 771 | ``meta/recipes-core/`` |
| 772 | ---------------------- |
| 773 | |
| 774 | This directory contains what is needed to build a basic working Linux |
| 775 | image including commonly used dependencies. |
| 776 | |
| 777 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-devtools: |
| 778 | |
| 779 | ``meta/recipes-devtools/`` |
| 780 | -------------------------- |
| 781 | |
| 782 | This directory contains tools that are primarily used by the build |
| 783 | system. The tools, however, can also be used on targets. |
| 784 | |
| 785 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-extended: |
| 786 | |
| 787 | ``meta/recipes-extended/`` |
| 788 | -------------------------- |
| 789 | |
| 790 | This directory contains non-essential applications that add features |
| 791 | compared to the alternatives in core. You might need this directory for |
| 792 | full tool functionality or for Linux Standard Base (LSB) compliance. |
| 793 | |
| 794 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-gnome: |
| 795 | |
| 796 | ``meta/recipes-gnome/`` |
| 797 | ----------------------- |
| 798 | |
| 799 | This directory contains all things related to the GTK+ application |
| 800 | framework. |
| 801 | |
| 802 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-graphics: |
| 803 | |
| 804 | ``meta/recipes-graphics/`` |
| 805 | -------------------------- |
| 806 | |
| 807 | This directory contains X and other graphically related system |
| 808 | libraries. |
| 809 | |
| 810 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-kernel: |
| 811 | |
| 812 | ``meta/recipes-kernel/`` |
| 813 | ------------------------ |
| 814 | |
| 815 | This directory contains the kernel and generic applications and |
| 816 | libraries that have strong kernel dependencies. |
| 817 | |
| 818 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-lsb4: |
| 819 | |
| 820 | ``meta/recipes-lsb4/`` |
| 821 | ---------------------- |
| 822 | |
| 823 | This directory contains recipes specifically added to support the Linux |
| 824 | Standard Base (LSB) version 4.x. |
| 825 | |
| 826 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-multimedia: |
| 827 | |
| 828 | ``meta/recipes-multimedia/`` |
| 829 | ---------------------------- |
| 830 | |
| 831 | This directory contains codecs and support utilities for audio, images |
| 832 | and video. |
| 833 | |
| 834 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-rt: |
| 835 | |
| 836 | ``meta/recipes-rt/`` |
| 837 | -------------------- |
| 838 | |
| 839 | This directory contains package and image recipes for using and testing |
| 840 | the ``PREEMPT_RT`` kernel. |
| 841 | |
| 842 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-sato: |
| 843 | |
| 844 | ``meta/recipes-sato/`` |
| 845 | ---------------------- |
| 846 | |
| 847 | This directory contains the Sato demo/reference UI/UX and its associated |
| 848 | applications and configuration data. |
| 849 | |
| 850 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-support: |
| 851 | |
| 852 | ``meta/recipes-support/`` |
| 853 | ------------------------- |
| 854 | |
| 855 | This directory contains recipes used by other recipes, but that are not |
| 856 | directly included in images (i.e. dependencies of other recipes). |
| 857 | |
| 858 | .. _structure-meta-site: |
| 859 | |
| 860 | ``meta/site/`` |
| 861 | -------------- |
| 862 | |
| 863 | This directory contains a list of cached results for various |
| 864 | architectures. Because certain "autoconf" test results cannot be |
| 865 | determined when cross-compiling due to the tests not able to run on a |
| 866 | live system, the information in this directory is passed to "autoconf" |
| 867 | for the various architectures. |
| 868 | |
| 869 | .. _structure-meta-recipes-txt: |
| 870 | |
| 871 | ``meta/recipes.txt`` |
| 872 | -------------------- |
| 873 | |
| 874 | This file is a description of the contents of ``recipes-*``. |