| # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- |
| """Beautiful Soup bonus library: Unicode, Dammit |
| |
| This library converts a bytestream to Unicode through any means |
| necessary. It is heavily based on code from Mark Pilgrim's Universal |
| Feed Parser. It works best on XML and HTML, but it does not rewrite the |
| XML or HTML to reflect a new encoding; that's the tree builder's job. |
| """ |
| __license__ = "MIT" |
| |
| import codecs |
| from html.entities import codepoint2name |
| import re |
| import logging |
| |
| # Import a library to autodetect character encodings. |
| chardet_type = None |
| try: |
| # First try the fast C implementation. |
| # PyPI package: cchardet |
| import cchardet |
| def chardet_dammit(s): |
| return cchardet.detect(s)['encoding'] |
| except ImportError: |
| try: |
| # Fall back to the pure Python implementation |
| # Debian package: python-chardet |
| # PyPI package: chardet |
| import chardet |
| def chardet_dammit(s): |
| return chardet.detect(s)['encoding'] |
| #import chardet.constants |
| #chardet.constants._debug = 1 |
| except ImportError: |
| # No chardet available. |
| def chardet_dammit(s): |
| return None |
| |
| xml_encoding_re = re.compile( |
| r'^<\?.*encoding=[\'"](.*?)[\'"].*\?>'.encode(), re.I) |
| html_meta_re = re.compile( |
| r'<\s*meta[^>]+charset\s*=\s*["\']?([^>]*?)[ /;\'">]'.encode(), re.I) |
| |
| class EntitySubstitution(object): |
| |
| """Substitute XML or HTML entities for the corresponding characters.""" |
| |
| def _populate_class_variables(): |
| lookup = {} |
| reverse_lookup = {} |
| characters_for_re = [] |
| for codepoint, name in list(codepoint2name.items()): |
| character = chr(codepoint) |
| if codepoint != 34: |
| # There's no point in turning the quotation mark into |
| # ", unless it happens within an attribute value, which |
| # is handled elsewhere. |
| characters_for_re.append(character) |
| lookup[character] = name |
| # But we do want to turn " into the quotation mark. |
| reverse_lookup[name] = character |
| re_definition = "[%s]" % "".join(characters_for_re) |
| return lookup, reverse_lookup, re.compile(re_definition) |
| (CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY, HTML_ENTITY_TO_CHARACTER, |
| CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY_RE) = _populate_class_variables() |
| |
| CHARACTER_TO_XML_ENTITY = { |
| "'": "apos", |
| '"': "quot", |
| "&": "amp", |
| "<": "lt", |
| ">": "gt", |
| } |
| |
| BARE_AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET = re.compile(r"([<>]|" |
| r"&(?!#\d+;|#x[0-9a-fA-F]+;|\w+;)" |
| r")") |
| |
| AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET = re.compile(r"([<>&])") |
| |
| @classmethod |
| def _substitute_html_entity(cls, matchobj): |
| entity = cls.CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY.get(matchobj.group(0)) |
| return "&%s;" % entity |
| |
| @classmethod |
| def _substitute_xml_entity(cls, matchobj): |
| """Used with a regular expression to substitute the |
| appropriate XML entity for an XML special character.""" |
| entity = cls.CHARACTER_TO_XML_ENTITY[matchobj.group(0)] |
| return "&%s;" % entity |
| |
| @classmethod |
| def quoted_attribute_value(self, value): |
| """Make a value into a quoted XML attribute, possibly escaping it. |
| |
| Most strings will be quoted using double quotes. |
| |
| Bob's Bar -> "Bob's Bar" |
| |
| If a string contains double quotes, it will be quoted using |
| single quotes. |
| |
| Welcome to "my bar" -> 'Welcome to "my bar"' |
| |
| If a string contains both single and double quotes, the |
| double quotes will be escaped, and the string will be quoted |
| using double quotes. |
| |
| Welcome to "Bob's Bar" -> "Welcome to "Bob's bar" |
| """ |
| quote_with = '"' |
| if '"' in value: |
| if "'" in value: |
| # The string contains both single and double |
| # quotes. Turn the double quotes into |
| # entities. We quote the double quotes rather than |
| # the single quotes because the entity name is |
| # """ whether this is HTML or XML. If we |
| # quoted the single quotes, we'd have to decide |
| # between ' and &squot;. |
| replace_with = """ |
| value = value.replace('"', replace_with) |
| else: |
| # There are double quotes but no single quotes. |
| # We can use single quotes to quote the attribute. |
| quote_with = "'" |
| return quote_with + value + quote_with |
| |
| @classmethod |
| def substitute_xml(cls, value, make_quoted_attribute=False): |
| """Substitute XML entities for special XML characters. |
| |
| :param value: A string to be substituted. The less-than sign |
| will become <, the greater-than sign will become >, |
| and any ampersands will become &. If you want ampersands |
| that appear to be part of an entity definition to be left |
| alone, use substitute_xml_containing_entities() instead. |
| |
| :param make_quoted_attribute: If True, then the string will be |
| quoted, as befits an attribute value. |
| """ |
| # Escape angle brackets and ampersands. |
| value = cls.AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET.sub( |
| cls._substitute_xml_entity, value) |
| |
| if make_quoted_attribute: |
| value = cls.quoted_attribute_value(value) |
| return value |
| |
| @classmethod |
| def substitute_xml_containing_entities( |
| cls, value, make_quoted_attribute=False): |
| """Substitute XML entities for special XML characters. |
| |
| :param value: A string to be substituted. The less-than sign will |
| become <, the greater-than sign will become >, and any |
| ampersands that are not part of an entity defition will |
| become &. |
| |
| :param make_quoted_attribute: If True, then the string will be |
| quoted, as befits an attribute value. |
| """ |
| # Escape angle brackets, and ampersands that aren't part of |
| # entities. |
| value = cls.BARE_AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET.sub( |
| cls._substitute_xml_entity, value) |
| |
| if make_quoted_attribute: |
| value = cls.quoted_attribute_value(value) |
| return value |
| |
| @classmethod |
| def substitute_html(cls, s): |
| """Replace certain Unicode characters with named HTML entities. |
| |
| This differs from data.encode(encoding, 'xmlcharrefreplace') |
| in that the goal is to make the result more readable (to those |
| with ASCII displays) rather than to recover from |
| errors. There's absolutely nothing wrong with a UTF-8 string |
| containg a LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE, but replacing that |
| character with "é" will make it more readable to some |
| people. |
| """ |
| return cls.CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY_RE.sub( |
| cls._substitute_html_entity, s) |
| |
| |
| class EncodingDetector: |
| """Suggests a number of possible encodings for a bytestring. |
| |
| Order of precedence: |
| |
| 1. Encodings you specifically tell EncodingDetector to try first |
| (the override_encodings argument to the constructor). |
| |
| 2. An encoding declared within the bytestring itself, either in an |
| XML declaration (if the bytestring is to be interpreted as an XML |
| document), or in a <meta> tag (if the bytestring is to be |
| interpreted as an HTML document.) |
| |
| 3. An encoding detected through textual analysis by chardet, |
| cchardet, or a similar external library. |
| |
| 4. UTF-8. |
| |
| 5. Windows-1252. |
| """ |
| def __init__(self, markup, override_encodings=None, is_html=False, |
| exclude_encodings=None): |
| self.override_encodings = override_encodings or [] |
| exclude_encodings = exclude_encodings or [] |
| self.exclude_encodings = set([x.lower() for x in exclude_encodings]) |
| self.chardet_encoding = None |
| self.is_html = is_html |
| self.declared_encoding = None |
| |
| # First order of business: strip a byte-order mark. |
| self.markup, self.sniffed_encoding = self.strip_byte_order_mark(markup) |
| |
| def _usable(self, encoding, tried): |
| if encoding is not None: |
| encoding = encoding.lower() |
| if encoding in self.exclude_encodings: |
| return False |
| if encoding not in tried: |
| tried.add(encoding) |
| return True |
| return False |
| |
| @property |
| def encodings(self): |
| """Yield a number of encodings that might work for this markup.""" |
| tried = set() |
| for e in self.override_encodings: |
| if self._usable(e, tried): |
| yield e |
| |
| # Did the document originally start with a byte-order mark |
| # that indicated its encoding? |
| if self._usable(self.sniffed_encoding, tried): |
| yield self.sniffed_encoding |
| |
| # Look within the document for an XML or HTML encoding |
| # declaration. |
| if self.declared_encoding is None: |
| self.declared_encoding = self.find_declared_encoding( |
| self.markup, self.is_html) |
| if self._usable(self.declared_encoding, tried): |
| yield self.declared_encoding |
| |
| # Use third-party character set detection to guess at the |
| # encoding. |
| if self.chardet_encoding is None: |
| self.chardet_encoding = chardet_dammit(self.markup) |
| if self._usable(self.chardet_encoding, tried): |
| yield self.chardet_encoding |
| |
| # As a last-ditch effort, try utf-8 and windows-1252. |
| for e in ('utf-8', 'windows-1252'): |
| if self._usable(e, tried): |
| yield e |
| |
| @classmethod |
| def strip_byte_order_mark(cls, data): |
| """If a byte-order mark is present, strip it and return the encoding it implies.""" |
| encoding = None |
| if isinstance(data, str): |
| # Unicode data cannot have a byte-order mark. |
| return data, encoding |
| if (len(data) >= 4) and (data[:2] == b'\xfe\xff') \ |
| and (data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'): |
| encoding = 'utf-16be' |
| data = data[2:] |
| elif (len(data) >= 4) and (data[:2] == b'\xff\xfe') \ |
| and (data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'): |
| encoding = 'utf-16le' |
| data = data[2:] |
| elif data[:3] == b'\xef\xbb\xbf': |
| encoding = 'utf-8' |
| data = data[3:] |
| elif data[:4] == b'\x00\x00\xfe\xff': |
| encoding = 'utf-32be' |
| data = data[4:] |
| elif data[:4] == b'\xff\xfe\x00\x00': |
| encoding = 'utf-32le' |
| data = data[4:] |
| return data, encoding |
| |
| @classmethod |
| def find_declared_encoding(cls, markup, is_html=False, search_entire_document=False): |
| """Given a document, tries to find its declared encoding. |
| |
| An XML encoding is declared at the beginning of the document. |
| |
| An HTML encoding is declared in a <meta> tag, hopefully near the |
| beginning of the document. |
| """ |
| if search_entire_document: |
| xml_endpos = html_endpos = len(markup) |
| else: |
| xml_endpos = 1024 |
| html_endpos = max(2048, int(len(markup) * 0.05)) |
| |
| declared_encoding = None |
| declared_encoding_match = xml_encoding_re.search(markup, endpos=xml_endpos) |
| if not declared_encoding_match and is_html: |
| declared_encoding_match = html_meta_re.search(markup, endpos=html_endpos) |
| if declared_encoding_match is not None: |
| declared_encoding = declared_encoding_match.groups()[0].decode( |
| 'ascii', 'replace') |
| if declared_encoding: |
| return declared_encoding.lower() |
| return None |
| |
| class UnicodeDammit: |
| """A class for detecting the encoding of a *ML document and |
| converting it to a Unicode string. If the source encoding is |
| windows-1252, can replace MS smart quotes with their HTML or XML |
| equivalents.""" |
| |
| # This dictionary maps commonly seen values for "charset" in HTML |
| # meta tags to the corresponding Python codec names. It only covers |
| # values that aren't in Python's aliases and can't be determined |
| # by the heuristics in find_codec. |
| CHARSET_ALIASES = {"macintosh": "mac-roman", |
| "x-sjis": "shift-jis"} |
| |
| ENCODINGS_WITH_SMART_QUOTES = [ |
| "windows-1252", |
| "iso-8859-1", |
| "iso-8859-2", |
| ] |
| |
| def __init__(self, markup, override_encodings=[], |
| smart_quotes_to=None, is_html=False, exclude_encodings=[]): |
| self.smart_quotes_to = smart_quotes_to |
| self.tried_encodings = [] |
| self.contains_replacement_characters = False |
| self.is_html = is_html |
| |
| self.detector = EncodingDetector( |
| markup, override_encodings, is_html, exclude_encodings) |
| |
| # Short-circuit if the data is in Unicode to begin with. |
| if isinstance(markup, str) or markup == '': |
| self.markup = markup |
| self.unicode_markup = str(markup) |
| self.original_encoding = None |
| return |
| |
| # The encoding detector may have stripped a byte-order mark. |
| # Use the stripped markup from this point on. |
| self.markup = self.detector.markup |
| |
| u = None |
| for encoding in self.detector.encodings: |
| markup = self.detector.markup |
| u = self._convert_from(encoding) |
| if u is not None: |
| break |
| |
| if not u: |
| # None of the encodings worked. As an absolute last resort, |
| # try them again with character replacement. |
| |
| for encoding in self.detector.encodings: |
| if encoding != "ascii": |
| u = self._convert_from(encoding, "replace") |
| if u is not None: |
| logging.warning( |
| "Some characters could not be decoded, and were " |
| "replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.") |
| self.contains_replacement_characters = True |
| break |
| |
| # If none of that worked, we could at this point force it to |
| # ASCII, but that would destroy so much data that I think |
| # giving up is better. |
| self.unicode_markup = u |
| if not u: |
| self.original_encoding = None |
| |
| def _sub_ms_char(self, match): |
| """Changes a MS smart quote character to an XML or HTML |
| entity, or an ASCII character.""" |
| orig = match.group(1) |
| if self.smart_quotes_to == 'ascii': |
| sub = self.MS_CHARS_TO_ASCII.get(orig).encode() |
| else: |
| sub = self.MS_CHARS.get(orig) |
| if type(sub) == tuple: |
| if self.smart_quotes_to == 'xml': |
| sub = '&#x'.encode() + sub[1].encode() + ';'.encode() |
| else: |
| sub = '&'.encode() + sub[0].encode() + ';'.encode() |
| else: |
| sub = sub.encode() |
| return sub |
| |
| def _convert_from(self, proposed, errors="strict"): |
| proposed = self.find_codec(proposed) |
| if not proposed or (proposed, errors) in self.tried_encodings: |
| return None |
| self.tried_encodings.append((proposed, errors)) |
| markup = self.markup |
| # Convert smart quotes to HTML if coming from an encoding |
| # that might have them. |
| if (self.smart_quotes_to is not None |
| and proposed in self.ENCODINGS_WITH_SMART_QUOTES): |
| smart_quotes_re = b"([\x80-\x9f])" |
| smart_quotes_compiled = re.compile(smart_quotes_re) |
| markup = smart_quotes_compiled.sub(self._sub_ms_char, markup) |
| |
| try: |
| #print "Trying to convert document to %s (errors=%s)" % ( |
| # proposed, errors) |
| u = self._to_unicode(markup, proposed, errors) |
| self.markup = u |
| self.original_encoding = proposed |
| except Exception as e: |
| #print "That didn't work!" |
| #print e |
| return None |
| #print "Correct encoding: %s" % proposed |
| return self.markup |
| |
| def _to_unicode(self, data, encoding, errors="strict"): |
| '''Given a string and its encoding, decodes the string into Unicode. |
| %encoding is a string recognized by encodings.aliases''' |
| return str(data, encoding, errors) |
| |
| @property |
| def declared_html_encoding(self): |
| if not self.is_html: |
| return None |
| return self.detector.declared_encoding |
| |
| def find_codec(self, charset): |
| value = (self._codec(self.CHARSET_ALIASES.get(charset, charset)) |
| or (charset and self._codec(charset.replace("-", ""))) |
| or (charset and self._codec(charset.replace("-", "_"))) |
| or (charset and charset.lower()) |
| or charset |
| ) |
| if value: |
| return value.lower() |
| return None |
| |
| def _codec(self, charset): |
| if not charset: |
| return charset |
| codec = None |
| try: |
| codecs.lookup(charset) |
| codec = charset |
| except (LookupError, ValueError): |
| pass |
| return codec |
| |
| |
| # A partial mapping of ISO-Latin-1 to HTML entities/XML numeric entities. |
| MS_CHARS = {b'\x80': ('euro', '20AC'), |
| b'\x81': ' ', |
| b'\x82': ('sbquo', '201A'), |
| b'\x83': ('fnof', '192'), |
| b'\x84': ('bdquo', '201E'), |
| b'\x85': ('hellip', '2026'), |
| b'\x86': ('dagger', '2020'), |
| b'\x87': ('Dagger', '2021'), |
| b'\x88': ('circ', '2C6'), |
| b'\x89': ('permil', '2030'), |
| b'\x8A': ('Scaron', '160'), |
| b'\x8B': ('lsaquo', '2039'), |
| b'\x8C': ('OElig', '152'), |
| b'\x8D': '?', |
| b'\x8E': ('#x17D', '17D'), |
| b'\x8F': '?', |
| b'\x90': '?', |
| b'\x91': ('lsquo', '2018'), |
| b'\x92': ('rsquo', '2019'), |
| b'\x93': ('ldquo', '201C'), |
| b'\x94': ('rdquo', '201D'), |
| b'\x95': ('bull', '2022'), |
| b'\x96': ('ndash', '2013'), |
| b'\x97': ('mdash', '2014'), |
| b'\x98': ('tilde', '2DC'), |
| b'\x99': ('trade', '2122'), |
| b'\x9a': ('scaron', '161'), |
| b'\x9b': ('rsaquo', '203A'), |
| b'\x9c': ('oelig', '153'), |
| b'\x9d': '?', |
| b'\x9e': ('#x17E', '17E'), |
| b'\x9f': ('Yuml', ''),} |
| |
| # A parochial partial mapping of ISO-Latin-1 to ASCII. Contains |
| # horrors like stripping diacritical marks to turn á into a, but also |
| # contains non-horrors like turning “ into ". |
| MS_CHARS_TO_ASCII = { |
| b'\x80' : 'EUR', |
| b'\x81' : ' ', |
| b'\x82' : ',', |
| b'\x83' : 'f', |
| b'\x84' : ',,', |
| b'\x85' : '...', |
| b'\x86' : '+', |
| b'\x87' : '++', |
| b'\x88' : '^', |
| b'\x89' : '%', |
| b'\x8a' : 'S', |
| b'\x8b' : '<', |
| b'\x8c' : 'OE', |
| b'\x8d' : '?', |
| b'\x8e' : 'Z', |
| b'\x8f' : '?', |
| b'\x90' : '?', |
| b'\x91' : "'", |
| b'\x92' : "'", |
| b'\x93' : '"', |
| b'\x94' : '"', |
| b'\x95' : '*', |
| b'\x96' : '-', |
| b'\x97' : '--', |
| b'\x98' : '~', |
| b'\x99' : '(TM)', |
| b'\x9a' : 's', |
| b'\x9b' : '>', |
| b'\x9c' : 'oe', |
| b'\x9d' : '?', |
| b'\x9e' : 'z', |
| b'\x9f' : 'Y', |
| b'\xa0' : ' ', |
| b'\xa1' : '!', |
| b'\xa2' : 'c', |
| b'\xa3' : 'GBP', |
| b'\xa4' : '$', #This approximation is especially parochial--this is the |
| #generic currency symbol. |
| b'\xa5' : 'YEN', |
| b'\xa6' : '|', |
| b'\xa7' : 'S', |
| b'\xa8' : '..', |
| b'\xa9' : '', |
| b'\xaa' : '(th)', |
| b'\xab' : '<<', |
| b'\xac' : '!', |
| b'\xad' : ' ', |
| b'\xae' : '(R)', |
| b'\xaf' : '-', |
| b'\xb0' : 'o', |
| b'\xb1' : '+-', |
| b'\xb2' : '2', |
| b'\xb3' : '3', |
| b'\xb4' : ("'", 'acute'), |
| b'\xb5' : 'u', |
| b'\xb6' : 'P', |
| b'\xb7' : '*', |
| b'\xb8' : ',', |
| b'\xb9' : '1', |
| b'\xba' : '(th)', |
| b'\xbb' : '>>', |
| b'\xbc' : '1/4', |
| b'\xbd' : '1/2', |
| b'\xbe' : '3/4', |
| b'\xbf' : '?', |
| b'\xc0' : 'A', |
| b'\xc1' : 'A', |
| b'\xc2' : 'A', |
| b'\xc3' : 'A', |
| b'\xc4' : 'A', |
| b'\xc5' : 'A', |
| b'\xc6' : 'AE', |
| b'\xc7' : 'C', |
| b'\xc8' : 'E', |
| b'\xc9' : 'E', |
| b'\xca' : 'E', |
| b'\xcb' : 'E', |
| b'\xcc' : 'I', |
| b'\xcd' : 'I', |
| b'\xce' : 'I', |
| b'\xcf' : 'I', |
| b'\xd0' : 'D', |
| b'\xd1' : 'N', |
| b'\xd2' : 'O', |
| b'\xd3' : 'O', |
| b'\xd4' : 'O', |
| b'\xd5' : 'O', |
| b'\xd6' : 'O', |
| b'\xd7' : '*', |
| b'\xd8' : 'O', |
| b'\xd9' : 'U', |
| b'\xda' : 'U', |
| b'\xdb' : 'U', |
| b'\xdc' : 'U', |
| b'\xdd' : 'Y', |
| b'\xde' : 'b', |
| b'\xdf' : 'B', |
| b'\xe0' : 'a', |
| b'\xe1' : 'a', |
| b'\xe2' : 'a', |
| b'\xe3' : 'a', |
| b'\xe4' : 'a', |
| b'\xe5' : 'a', |
| b'\xe6' : 'ae', |
| b'\xe7' : 'c', |
| b'\xe8' : 'e', |
| b'\xe9' : 'e', |
| b'\xea' : 'e', |
| b'\xeb' : 'e', |
| b'\xec' : 'i', |
| b'\xed' : 'i', |
| b'\xee' : 'i', |
| b'\xef' : 'i', |
| b'\xf0' : 'o', |
| b'\xf1' : 'n', |
| b'\xf2' : 'o', |
| b'\xf3' : 'o', |
| b'\xf4' : 'o', |
| b'\xf5' : 'o', |
| b'\xf6' : 'o', |
| b'\xf7' : '/', |
| b'\xf8' : 'o', |
| b'\xf9' : 'u', |
| b'\xfa' : 'u', |
| b'\xfb' : 'u', |
| b'\xfc' : 'u', |
| b'\xfd' : 'y', |
| b'\xfe' : 'b', |
| b'\xff' : 'y', |
| } |
| |
| # A map used when removing rogue Windows-1252/ISO-8859-1 |
| # characters in otherwise UTF-8 documents. |
| # |
| # Note that \x81, \x8d, \x8f, \x90, and \x9d are undefined in |
| # Windows-1252. |
| WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8 = { |
| 0x80 : b'\xe2\x82\xac', # € |
| 0x82 : b'\xe2\x80\x9a', # ‚ |
| 0x83 : b'\xc6\x92', # ƒ |
| 0x84 : b'\xe2\x80\x9e', # „ |
| 0x85 : b'\xe2\x80\xa6', # … |
| 0x86 : b'\xe2\x80\xa0', # † |
| 0x87 : b'\xe2\x80\xa1', # ‡ |
| 0x88 : b'\xcb\x86', # ˆ |
| 0x89 : b'\xe2\x80\xb0', # ‰ |
| 0x8a : b'\xc5\xa0', # Š |
| 0x8b : b'\xe2\x80\xb9', # ‹ |
| 0x8c : b'\xc5\x92', # Π|
| 0x8e : b'\xc5\xbd', # Ž |
| 0x91 : b'\xe2\x80\x98', # ‘ |
| 0x92 : b'\xe2\x80\x99', # ’ |
| 0x93 : b'\xe2\x80\x9c', # “ |
| 0x94 : b'\xe2\x80\x9d', # ” |
| 0x95 : b'\xe2\x80\xa2', # • |
| 0x96 : b'\xe2\x80\x93', # – |
| 0x97 : b'\xe2\x80\x94', # — |
| 0x98 : b'\xcb\x9c', # ˜ |
| 0x99 : b'\xe2\x84\xa2', # ™ |
| 0x9a : b'\xc5\xa1', # š |
| 0x9b : b'\xe2\x80\xba', # › |
| 0x9c : b'\xc5\x93', # œ |
| 0x9e : b'\xc5\xbe', # ž |
| 0x9f : b'\xc5\xb8', # Ÿ |
| 0xa0 : b'\xc2\xa0', # |
| 0xa1 : b'\xc2\xa1', # ¡ |
| 0xa2 : b'\xc2\xa2', # ¢ |
| 0xa3 : b'\xc2\xa3', # £ |
| 0xa4 : b'\xc2\xa4', # ¤ |
| 0xa5 : b'\xc2\xa5', # ¥ |
| 0xa6 : b'\xc2\xa6', # ¦ |
| 0xa7 : b'\xc2\xa7', # § |
| 0xa8 : b'\xc2\xa8', # ¨ |
| 0xa9 : b'\xc2\xa9', # © |
| 0xaa : b'\xc2\xaa', # ª |
| 0xab : b'\xc2\xab', # « |
| 0xac : b'\xc2\xac', # ¬ |
| 0xad : b'\xc2\xad', # |
| 0xae : b'\xc2\xae', # ® |
| 0xaf : b'\xc2\xaf', # ¯ |
| 0xb0 : b'\xc2\xb0', # ° |
| 0xb1 : b'\xc2\xb1', # ± |
| 0xb2 : b'\xc2\xb2', # ² |
| 0xb3 : b'\xc2\xb3', # ³ |
| 0xb4 : b'\xc2\xb4', # ´ |
| 0xb5 : b'\xc2\xb5', # µ |
| 0xb6 : b'\xc2\xb6', # ¶ |
| 0xb7 : b'\xc2\xb7', # · |
| 0xb8 : b'\xc2\xb8', # ¸ |
| 0xb9 : b'\xc2\xb9', # ¹ |
| 0xba : b'\xc2\xba', # º |
| 0xbb : b'\xc2\xbb', # » |
| 0xbc : b'\xc2\xbc', # ¼ |
| 0xbd : b'\xc2\xbd', # ½ |
| 0xbe : b'\xc2\xbe', # ¾ |
| 0xbf : b'\xc2\xbf', # ¿ |
| 0xc0 : b'\xc3\x80', # À |
| 0xc1 : b'\xc3\x81', # Á |
| 0xc2 : b'\xc3\x82', # Â |
| 0xc3 : b'\xc3\x83', # Ã |
| 0xc4 : b'\xc3\x84', # Ä |
| 0xc5 : b'\xc3\x85', # Å |
| 0xc6 : b'\xc3\x86', # Æ |
| 0xc7 : b'\xc3\x87', # Ç |
| 0xc8 : b'\xc3\x88', # È |
| 0xc9 : b'\xc3\x89', # É |
| 0xca : b'\xc3\x8a', # Ê |
| 0xcb : b'\xc3\x8b', # Ë |
| 0xcc : b'\xc3\x8c', # Ì |
| 0xcd : b'\xc3\x8d', # Í |
| 0xce : b'\xc3\x8e', # Î |
| 0xcf : b'\xc3\x8f', # Ï |
| 0xd0 : b'\xc3\x90', # Ð |
| 0xd1 : b'\xc3\x91', # Ñ |
| 0xd2 : b'\xc3\x92', # Ò |
| 0xd3 : b'\xc3\x93', # Ó |
| 0xd4 : b'\xc3\x94', # Ô |
| 0xd5 : b'\xc3\x95', # Õ |
| 0xd6 : b'\xc3\x96', # Ö |
| 0xd7 : b'\xc3\x97', # × |
| 0xd8 : b'\xc3\x98', # Ø |
| 0xd9 : b'\xc3\x99', # Ù |
| 0xda : b'\xc3\x9a', # Ú |
| 0xdb : b'\xc3\x9b', # Û |
| 0xdc : b'\xc3\x9c', # Ü |
| 0xdd : b'\xc3\x9d', # Ý |
| 0xde : b'\xc3\x9e', # Þ |
| 0xdf : b'\xc3\x9f', # ß |
| 0xe0 : b'\xc3\xa0', # à |
| 0xe1 : b'\xa1', # á |
| 0xe2 : b'\xc3\xa2', # â |
| 0xe3 : b'\xc3\xa3', # ã |
| 0xe4 : b'\xc3\xa4', # ä |
| 0xe5 : b'\xc3\xa5', # å |
| 0xe6 : b'\xc3\xa6', # æ |
| 0xe7 : b'\xc3\xa7', # ç |
| 0xe8 : b'\xc3\xa8', # è |
| 0xe9 : b'\xc3\xa9', # é |
| 0xea : b'\xc3\xaa', # ê |
| 0xeb : b'\xc3\xab', # ë |
| 0xec : b'\xc3\xac', # ì |
| 0xed : b'\xc3\xad', # í |
| 0xee : b'\xc3\xae', # î |
| 0xef : b'\xc3\xaf', # ï |
| 0xf0 : b'\xc3\xb0', # ð |
| 0xf1 : b'\xc3\xb1', # ñ |
| 0xf2 : b'\xc3\xb2', # ò |
| 0xf3 : b'\xc3\xb3', # ó |
| 0xf4 : b'\xc3\xb4', # ô |
| 0xf5 : b'\xc3\xb5', # õ |
| 0xf6 : b'\xc3\xb6', # ö |
| 0xf7 : b'\xc3\xb7', # ÷ |
| 0xf8 : b'\xc3\xb8', # ø |
| 0xf9 : b'\xc3\xb9', # ù |
| 0xfa : b'\xc3\xba', # ú |
| 0xfb : b'\xc3\xbb', # û |
| 0xfc : b'\xc3\xbc', # ü |
| 0xfd : b'\xc3\xbd', # ý |
| 0xfe : b'\xc3\xbe', # þ |
| } |
| |
| MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES = [ |
| (0xc2, 0xdf, 2), # 2-byte characters start with a byte C2-DF |
| (0xe0, 0xef, 3), # 3-byte characters start with E0-EF |
| (0xf0, 0xf4, 4), # 4-byte characters start with F0-F4 |
| ] |
| |
| FIRST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER = MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES[0][0] |
| LAST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER = MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES[-1][1] |
| |
| @classmethod |
| def detwingle(cls, in_bytes, main_encoding="utf8", |
| embedded_encoding="windows-1252"): |
| """Fix characters from one encoding embedded in some other encoding. |
| |
| Currently the only situation supported is Windows-1252 (or its |
| subset ISO-8859-1), embedded in UTF-8. |
| |
| The input must be a bytestring. If you've already converted |
| the document to Unicode, you're too late. |
| |
| The output is a bytestring in which `embedded_encoding` |
| characters have been converted to their `main_encoding` |
| equivalents. |
| """ |
| if embedded_encoding.replace('_', '-').lower() not in ( |
| 'windows-1252', 'windows_1252'): |
| raise NotImplementedError( |
| "Windows-1252 and ISO-8859-1 are the only currently supported " |
| "embedded encodings.") |
| |
| if main_encoding.lower() not in ('utf8', 'utf-8'): |
| raise NotImplementedError( |
| "UTF-8 is the only currently supported main encoding.") |
| |
| byte_chunks = [] |
| |
| chunk_start = 0 |
| pos = 0 |
| while pos < len(in_bytes): |
| byte = in_bytes[pos] |
| if not isinstance(byte, int): |
| # Python 2.x |
| byte = ord(byte) |
| if (byte >= cls.FIRST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER |
| and byte <= cls.LAST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER): |
| # This is the start of a UTF-8 multibyte character. Skip |
| # to the end. |
| for start, end, size in cls.MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES: |
| if byte >= start and byte <= end: |
| pos += size |
| break |
| elif byte >= 0x80 and byte in cls.WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8: |
| # We found a Windows-1252 character! |
| # Save the string up to this point as a chunk. |
| byte_chunks.append(in_bytes[chunk_start:pos]) |
| |
| # Now translate the Windows-1252 character into UTF-8 |
| # and add it as another, one-byte chunk. |
| byte_chunks.append(cls.WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8[byte]) |
| pos += 1 |
| chunk_start = pos |
| else: |
| # Go on to the next character. |
| pos += 1 |
| if chunk_start == 0: |
| # The string is unchanged. |
| return in_bytes |
| else: |
| # Store the final chunk. |
| byte_chunks.append(in_bytes[chunk_start:]) |
| return b''.join(byte_chunks) |
| |