firmware_handler.cpp - openbmc/phosphor-ipmi-flash - Gitiles

 /*
  * Copyright 2018 Google Inc.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 #include "firmware_handler.hpp"

 #include "image_handler.hpp"
 #include "util.hpp"
 #include "verify.hpp"

 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <memory>
 #include <phosphor-logging/log.hpp>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>

 using namespace phosphor::logging;

 namespace ipmi_flash
 {

 std::unique_ptr<blobs::GenericBlobInterface>
     FirmwareBlobHandler::CreateFirmwareBlobHandler(
         const std::vector<HandlerPack>& firmwares,
         const std::vector<DataHandlerPack>& transports,
         std::unique_ptr<VerificationInterface> verification,
         std::unique_ptr<UpdateInterface> update)
 {
     /* There must be at least one. */
     if (!firmwares.size())
     {
         log<level::ERR>("Must provide at least one firmware handler.");
         return nullptr;
     }
     if (!transports.size())
     {
         return nullptr;
     }

     std::vector<std::string> blobs;
     for (const auto& item : firmwares)
     {
         blobs.push_back(item.blobName);
     }

     if (0 == std::count(blobs.begin(), blobs.end(), hashBlobId))
     {
         return nullptr;
     }

     std::uint16_t bitmask = 0;
     for (const auto& item : transports)
     {
         /* TODO: can use std::accumulate() unless I'm mistaken. :D */
         bitmask |= item.bitmask;
     }

     return std::make_unique<FirmwareBlobHandler>(
         firmwares, blobs, transports, bitmask, std::move(verification),
         std::move(update));
 }

 /* Check if the path is in our supported list (or active list). */
 bool FirmwareBlobHandler::canHandleBlob(const std::string& path)
 {
     return (std::count(blobIDs.begin(), blobIDs.end(), path) > 0);
 }

 /*
  * Grab the list of supported firmware.
  *
  * If there's an open firmware session, it'll already be present in the
  * list as "/flash/active/image", and if the hash has started,
  * "/flash/active/hash" regardless of mechanism.  This is done in the open
  * comamnd, no extra work is required here.
  */
 std::vector<std::string> FirmwareBlobHandler::getBlobIds()
 {
     return blobIDs;
 }

 /*
  * Per the design, this mean abort, and this will trigger whatever
  * appropriate actions are required to abort the process.
  *
  * You cannot delete a blob that has an open handle in the system, therefore
  * this is never called if there's an open session.  Guaranteed by the blob
  * manager.
  */
 bool FirmwareBlobHandler::deleteBlob(const std::string& path)
 {
     const std::string* toDelete;

     /* You cannot delete the verify blob -- trying to delete it, currently has
      * no impact.
      * TODO: Should trying to delete this cause an abort?
      */
     if (path == verifyBlobId)
     {
         return false;
     }

     if (path == hashBlobId || path == activeHashBlobId)
     {
         /* They're deleting the hash. */
         toDelete = &activeHashBlobId;
     }
     else
     {
         /* They're deleting the image. */
         toDelete = &activeImageBlobId;
     }

     auto it = std::find_if(
         blobIDs.begin(), blobIDs.end(),
         [toDelete](const auto& iter) { return (iter == *toDelete); });
     if (it == blobIDs.end())
     {
         /* Somehow they've asked to delete something we didn't say we could
          * handle.
          */
         return false;
     }

     blobIDs.erase(it);

     /* TODO: Handle aborting the process and fixing up the state. */

     return true;
 }

 /*
  * Stat on the files will return information such as what supported
  * transport mechanisms are available.
  *
  * Stat on an active file or hash will return information such as the size
  * of the data cached, and any additional pertinent information.  The
  * blob_state on the active files will return the state of the update.
  */
 bool FirmwareBlobHandler::stat(const std::string& path,
                                struct blobs::BlobMeta* meta)
 {
     /* We know we support this path because canHandle is called ahead */
     if (path == verifyBlobId || path == activeImageBlobId ||
         path == activeHashBlobId)
     {
         /* These blobs are placeholders that indicate things, or allow actions,
          * but are not stat-able as-is.
          */
         return false;
     }

     /* They are requesting information about the generic blob_id. */
     meta->blobState = bitmask;
     meta->size = 0;

     /* The generic blob_ids state is only the bits related to the transport
      * mechanisms.
      */
     return true;
 }

 /*
  * Return stat information on an open session.  It therefore must be an active
  * handle to either the active image or active hash.
  *
  * The stat() and sessionstat() commands will return the same information in
  * many cases, therefore the logic will be combined.
  *
  * TODO: combine the logic for stat and sessionstat().
  */
 bool FirmwareBlobHandler::stat(uint16_t session, struct blobs::BlobMeta* meta)
 {
     auto item = lookup.find(session);
     if (item == lookup.end())
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* The size here refers to the size of the file -- of something analagous.
      */
     meta->size = (item->second->imageHandler)
                      ? item->second->imageHandler->getSize()
                      : 0;

     meta->metadata.clear();

     /* TODO: Implement this for the verification blob, which is what we expect.
      * Calling stat() on the verify blob without an active session should not
      * provide insight.
      */
     if (item->second->activePath == verifyBlobId)
     {
         VerifyCheckResponses value;

         if (state == UpdateState::verificationPending)
         {
             value = VerifyCheckResponses::other;
         }
         else if (state == UpdateState::verificationCompleted)
         {
             value = lastVerificationResponse;
         }
         else
         {
             value = verification->checkVerificationState();
             lastVerificationResponse = value;
         }

         meta->metadata.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value));

         /* Change the firmware handler's state and the blob's stat value
          * depending.
          */
         if (value == VerifyCheckResponses::success ||
             value == VerifyCheckResponses::failed)
         {
             state = UpdateState::verificationCompleted;
             item->second->flags &= ~blobs::StateFlags::committing;

             if (value == VerifyCheckResponses::success)
             {
                 item->second->flags |= blobs::StateFlags::committed;
             }
             else
             {
                 item->second->flags |= blobs::StateFlags::commit_error;
             }
         }
     }

     /* The blobState here relates to an active sesion, so we should return the
      * flags used to open this session.
      */
     meta->blobState = item->second->flags;

     /* The metadata blob returned comes from the data handler... it's used for
      * instance, in P2A bridging to get required information about the mapping,
      * and is the "opposite" of the lpc writemeta requirement.
      */
     if (item->second->dataHandler)
     {
         auto bytes = item->second->dataHandler->readMeta();
         meta->metadata.insert(meta->metadata.begin(), bytes.begin(),
                               bytes.end());
     }

     return true;
 }

 /*
  * If you open /flash/image or /flash/tarball, or /flash/hash it will
  * interpret the open flags and perform whatever actions are required for
  * that update process.  The session returned can be used immediately for
  * sending data down, without requiring one to open the new active file.
  *
  * If you open the active flash image or active hash it will let you
  * overwrite pieces, depending on the state.
  *
  * Once the verification process has started the active files cannot be
  * opened.
  *
  * You can only have one open session at a time.  Which means, you can only
  * have one file open at a time.  Trying to open the hash blob_id while you
  * still have the flash image blob_id open will fail.  Opening the flash
  * blob_id when it is already open will fail.
  */
 bool FirmwareBlobHandler::open(uint16_t session, uint16_t flags,
                                const std::string& path)
 {
     /* Check that they've opened for writing - read back not currently
      * supported.
      */
     if ((flags & blobs::OpenFlags::write) == 0)
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* Is the verification process underway? */
     if (state == UpdateState::verificationStarted)
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* Is there an open session already? We only allow one at a time.
      *
      * TODO: Temporarily using a simple boolean flag until there's a full
      * session object to check.
      *
      * Further on this, if there's an active session to the hash we don't allow
      * re-opening the image, and if we have the image open, we don't allow
      * opening the hash.  This design decision may be re-evaluated, and changed
      * to only allow one session per object type (of the two types).  But,
      * consider if the hash is open, do we want to allow writing to the image?
      * And why would we?  But, really, the point of no-return is once the
      * verification process has begun -- which is done via commit() on the hash
      * blob_id, we no longer want to allow updating the contents.
      */
     if (fileOpen)
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* Handle opening the verifyBlobId --> we know the image and hash aren't
      * open because of the fileOpen check.
      *
      * The file must be opened for writing, but no transport mechanism specified
      * since it's irrelevant.
      */
     if (path == verifyBlobId)
     {
         /* In this case, there's no image handler to use, or data handler,
          * simply set up a session.
          */
         verifyImage.flags = flags;
         verifyImage.state = Session::State::open;

         lookup[session] = &verifyImage;

         fileOpen = true;

         return true;
     }

     /* There are two abstractions at play, how you get the data and how you
      * handle that data. such that, whether the data comes from the PCI bridge
      * or LPC bridge is not connected to whether the data goes into a static
      * layout flash update or a UBI tarball.
      */

     /* Check the flags for the transport mechanism: if none match we don't
      * support what they request.
      */
     if ((flags & bitmask) == 0)
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* 2) there isn't, so what are they opening? */
     if (path == activeImageBlobId)
     {
         /* 2a) are they opening the active image? this can only happen if they
          * already started one (due to canHandleBlob's behavior).
          */
         return false;
     }
     else if (path == activeHashBlobId)
     {
         /* 2b) are they opening the active hash? this can only happen if they
          * already started one (due to canHandleBlob's behavior).
          */
         return false;
     }

     /* How are they expecting to copy this data? */
     auto d = std::find_if(
         transports.begin(), transports.end(),
         [&flags](const auto& iter) { return (iter.bitmask & flags); });
     if (d == transports.end())
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* We found the transport handler they requested, no surprise since
      * above we verify they selected at least one we wanted.
      */

     /* Elsewhere I do this check by checking "if ::ipmi" because that's the
      * only non-external data pathway -- but this is just a more generic
      * approach to that.
      */
     if (d->handler)
     {
         /* If the data handler open call fails, open fails. */
         if (!d->handler->open())
         {
             return false;
         }
     }

     /* Do we have a file handler for the type of file they're opening.
      * Note: This should only fail if something is somehow crazy wrong.
      * Since the canHandle() said yes, and that's tied into the list of explicit
      * firmware handers (and file handlers, like this'll know where to write the
      * tarball, etc).
      */
     auto h = std::find_if(
         handlers.begin(), handlers.end(),
         [&path](const auto& iter) { return (iter.blobName == path); });
     if (h == handlers.end())
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* Ok, so we found a handler that matched, so call open() */
     if (!h->handler->open(path))
     {
         return false;
     }

     Session* curr;
     const std::string* active;

     if (path == hashBlobId)
     {
         /* 2c) are they opening the /flash/hash ? (to start the process) */
         curr = &activeHash;
         active = &activeHashBlobId;
     }
     else
     {
         curr = &activeImage;
         active = &activeImageBlobId;
     }

     curr->flags = flags;
     curr->dataHandler = d->handler;
     curr->imageHandler = h->handler;
     curr->state = Session::State::open;

     lookup[session] = curr;

     addBlobId(*active);
     removeBlobId(verifyBlobId);

     state = UpdateState::uploadInProgress;
     fileOpen = true;

     return true;
 }

 /**
  * The write command really just grabs the data from wherever it is and sends it
  * to the image handler.  It's the image handler's responsibility to deal with
  * the data provided.
  *
  * This receives a session from the blob manager, therefore it is always called
  * between open() and close().
  */
 bool FirmwareBlobHandler::write(uint16_t session, uint32_t offset,
                                 const std::vector<uint8_t>& data)
 {
     auto item = lookup.find(session);
     if (item == lookup.end())
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* Prevent writing during verification. */
     if (state == UpdateState::verificationStarted)
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* Prevent writing to the verification blob before they trigger
      * verification.
      */
     if (item->second->activePath == verifyBlobId)
     {
         return false;
     }

     std::vector<std::uint8_t> bytes;

     if (item->second->flags & UpdateFlags::ipmi)
     {
         bytes = data;
     }
     else
     {
         /* little endian required per design, and so on, but TODO: do endianness
          * with boost.
          */
         struct ExtChunkHdr header;

         if (data.size() != sizeof(header))
         {
             return false;
         }

         std::memcpy(&header, data.data(), data.size());
         bytes = item->second->dataHandler->copyFrom(header.length);
     }

     return item->second->imageHandler->write(offset, bytes);
 }

 /*
  * If the active session (image or hash) is over LPC, this allows
  * configuring it.  This option is only available before you start
  * writing data for the given item (image or hash).  This will return
  * false at any other part. -- the lpc handler portion will know to return
  * false.
  */
 bool FirmwareBlobHandler::writeMeta(uint16_t session, uint32_t offset,
                                     const std::vector<uint8_t>& data)
 {
     auto item = lookup.find(session);
     if (item == lookup.end())
     {
         return false;
     }

     if (item->second->flags & UpdateFlags::ipmi)
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* Prevent writing meta to the verification blob (it has no data handler).
      */
     if (item->second->dataHandler)
     {
         return item->second->dataHandler->writeMeta(data);
     }

     return false;
 }

 /*
  * If this command is called on the session for the verifyBlobId, it'll
  * trigger a systemd service `verify_image.service` to attempt to verify
  * the image.
  *
  * For this file to have opened, the other two must be closed, which means any
  * out-of-band transport mechanism involved is closed.
  */
 bool FirmwareBlobHandler::commit(uint16_t session,
                                  const std::vector<uint8_t>& data)
 {
     auto item = lookup.find(session);
     if (item == lookup.end())
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* You can only commit on the verifyBlodId */
     if (item->second->activePath != verifyBlobId)
     {
         return false;
     }

     switch (state)
     {
         case UpdateState::verificationStarted:
             /* Calling repeatedly has no effect within an update process. */
             return true;
         case UpdateState::verificationCompleted:
             /* Calling after the verification process has completed returns
              * failure. */
             return false;
         default:
             /* Set state to committing. */
             item->second->flags |= blobs::StateFlags::committing;
             return triggerVerification();
     }
 }

 /*
  * Close must be called on the firmware image before triggering
  * verification via commit. Once the verification is complete, you can
  * then close the hash file.
  *
  * If the `verify_image.service` returned success, closing the hash file
  * will have a specific behavior depending on the update. If it's UBI,
  * it'll perform the install. If it's static layout, it'll do nothing. The
  * verify_image service in the static layout case is responsible for placing
  * the file in the correct staging position.
  */
 bool FirmwareBlobHandler::close(uint16_t session)
 {
     auto item = lookup.find(session);
     if (item == lookup.end())
     {
         return false;
     }

     /* Are you closing the verify blob? */
     if (item->second->activePath == verifyBlobId)
     {
         if (state == UpdateState::verificationStarted)
         {
             /* TODO: If they close this blob before verification finishes,
              * that's an abort.
              */
             return false;
         }
         else if (state == UpdateState::verificationCompleted)
         {
             /* TODO: Should this delete the verification artifact? */
             state = UpdateState::notYetStarted;

             /* A this point, delete the active blob IDs from the blob_list. */
             removeBlobId(activeImageBlobId);
             removeBlobId(activeHashBlobId);
         }
         /* Must be verificationPending... not yet started, they may re-open and
          * trigger verification.
          */
     }
     else
     {
         /* They are closing a data pathway (image, tarball, hash). */
         state = UpdateState::verificationPending;

         /* Add verify blob ID now that we can expect it. */
         addBlobId(verifyBlobId);
     }

     if (item->second->dataHandler)
     {
         item->second->dataHandler->close();
     }
     if (item->second->imageHandler)
     {
         item->second->imageHandler->close();
     }

     item->second->state = Session::State::closed;
     /* Do not delete the active blob_id from the list of blob_ids, because that
      * blob_id indicates there is data stored.  Delete will destroy it.
      */

     lookup.erase(item);

     fileOpen = false;

     return true;
 }

 bool FirmwareBlobHandler::expire(uint16_t session)
 {
     return false;
 }

 /*
  * Currently, the design does not provide this with a function, however,
  * it will likely change to support reading data back.
  */
 std::vector<uint8_t> FirmwareBlobHandler::read(uint16_t session,
                                                uint32_t offset,
                                                uint32_t requestedSize)
 {
     return {};
 }

 bool FirmwareBlobHandler::triggerVerification()
 {
     bool result = verification->triggerVerification();
     if (result)
     {
         state = UpdateState::verificationStarted;
     }

     return result;
 }

 } // namespace ipmi_flash
	/*
	* Copyright 2018 Google Inc.
	*
	* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	* You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	* limitations under the License.
	*/

	#include "firmware_handler.hpp"

	#include "image_handler.hpp"
	#include "util.hpp"
	#include "verify.hpp"

	#include <algorithm>
	#include <cstdint>
	#include <cstring>
	#include <fstream>
	#include <memory>
	#include <phosphor-logging/log.hpp>
	#include <string>
	#include <vector>

	using namespace phosphor::logging;

	namespace ipmi_flash
	{

	std::unique_ptr<blobs::GenericBlobInterface>
	FirmwareBlobHandler::CreateFirmwareBlobHandler(
	const std::vector<HandlerPack>& firmwares,
	const std::vector<DataHandlerPack>& transports,
	std::unique_ptr<VerificationInterface> verification,
	std::unique_ptr<UpdateInterface> update)
	{
	/* There must be at least one. */
	if (!firmwares.size())
	{
	log<level::ERR>("Must provide at least one firmware handler.");
	return nullptr;
	}
	if (!transports.size())
	{
	return nullptr;
	}

	std::vector<std::string> blobs;
	for (const auto& item : firmwares)
	{
	blobs.push_back(item.blobName);
	}

	if (0 == std::count(blobs.begin(), blobs.end(), hashBlobId))
	{
	return nullptr;
	}

	std::uint16_t bitmask = 0;
	for (const auto& item : transports)
	{
	/* TODO: can use std::accumulate() unless I'm mistaken. :D */
	bitmask \|= item.bitmask;
	}

	return std::make_unique<FirmwareBlobHandler>(
	firmwares, blobs, transports, bitmask, std::move(verification),
	std::move(update));
	}

	/* Check if the path is in our supported list (or active list). */
	bool FirmwareBlobHandler::canHandleBlob(const std::string& path)
	{
	return (std::count(blobIDs.begin(), blobIDs.end(), path) > 0);
	}

	/*
	* Grab the list of supported firmware.
	*
	* If there's an open firmware session, it'll already be present in the
	* list as "/flash/active/image", and if the hash has started,
	* "/flash/active/hash" regardless of mechanism. This is done in the open
	* comamnd, no extra work is required here.
	*/
	std::vector<std::string> FirmwareBlobHandler::getBlobIds()
	{
	return blobIDs;
	}

	/*
	* Per the design, this mean abort, and this will trigger whatever
	* appropriate actions are required to abort the process.
	*
	* You cannot delete a blob that has an open handle in the system, therefore
	* this is never called if there's an open session. Guaranteed by the blob
	* manager.
	*/
	bool FirmwareBlobHandler::deleteBlob(const std::string& path)
	{
	const std::string* toDelete;

	/* You cannot delete the verify blob -- trying to delete it, currently has
	* no impact.
	* TODO: Should trying to delete this cause an abort?
	*/
	if (path == verifyBlobId)
	{
	return false;
	}

	if (path == hashBlobId \|\| path == activeHashBlobId)
	{
	/* They're deleting the hash. */
	toDelete = &activeHashBlobId;
	}
	else
	{
	/* They're deleting the image. */
	toDelete = &activeImageBlobId;
	}

	auto it = std::find_if(
	blobIDs.begin(), blobIDs.end(),
	[toDelete](const auto& iter) { return (iter == *toDelete); });
	if (it == blobIDs.end())
	{
	/* Somehow they've asked to delete something we didn't say we could
	* handle.
	*/
	return false;
	}

	blobIDs.erase(it);

	/* TODO: Handle aborting the process and fixing up the state. */

	return true;
	}

	/*
	* Stat on the files will return information such as what supported
	* transport mechanisms are available.
	*
	* Stat on an active file or hash will return information such as the size
	* of the data cached, and any additional pertinent information. The
	* blob_state on the active files will return the state of the update.
	*/
	bool FirmwareBlobHandler::stat(const std::string& path,
	struct blobs::BlobMeta* meta)
	{
	/* We know we support this path because canHandle is called ahead */
	if (path == verifyBlobId \|\| path == activeImageBlobId \|\|
	path == activeHashBlobId)
	{
	/* These blobs are placeholders that indicate things, or allow actions,
	* but are not stat-able as-is.
	*/
	return false;
	}

	/* They are requesting information about the generic blob_id. */
	meta->blobState = bitmask;
	meta->size = 0;

	/* The generic blob_ids state is only the bits related to the transport
	* mechanisms.
	*/
	return true;
	}

	/*
	* Return stat information on an open session. It therefore must be an active
	* handle to either the active image or active hash.
	*
	* The stat() and sessionstat() commands will return the same information in
	* many cases, therefore the logic will be combined.
	*
	* TODO: combine the logic for stat and sessionstat().
	*/
	bool FirmwareBlobHandler::stat(uint16_t session, struct blobs::BlobMeta* meta)
	{
	auto item = lookup.find(session);
	if (item == lookup.end())
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* The size here refers to the size of the file -- of something analagous.
	*/
	meta->size = (item->second->imageHandler)
	? item->second->imageHandler->getSize()
	: 0;

	meta->metadata.clear();

	/* TODO: Implement this for the verification blob, which is what we expect.
	* Calling stat() on the verify blob without an active session should not
	* provide insight.
	*/
	if (item->second->activePath == verifyBlobId)
	{
	VerifyCheckResponses value;

	if (state == UpdateState::verificationPending)
	{
	value = VerifyCheckResponses::other;
	}
	else if (state == UpdateState::verificationCompleted)
	{
	value = lastVerificationResponse;
	}
	else
	{
	value = verification->checkVerificationState();
	lastVerificationResponse = value;
	}

	meta->metadata.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value));

	/* Change the firmware handler's state and the blob's stat value
	* depending.
	*/
	if (value == VerifyCheckResponses::success \|\|
	value == VerifyCheckResponses::failed)
	{
	state = UpdateState::verificationCompleted;
	item->second->flags &= ~blobs::StateFlags::committing;

	if (value == VerifyCheckResponses::success)
	{
	item->second->flags \|= blobs::StateFlags::committed;
	}
	else
	{
	item->second->flags \|= blobs::StateFlags::commit_error;
	}
	}
	}

	/* The blobState here relates to an active sesion, so we should return the
	* flags used to open this session.
	*/
	meta->blobState = item->second->flags;

	/* The metadata blob returned comes from the data handler... it's used for
	* instance, in P2A bridging to get required information about the mapping,
	* and is the "opposite" of the lpc writemeta requirement.
	*/
	if (item->second->dataHandler)
	{
	auto bytes = item->second->dataHandler->readMeta();
	meta->metadata.insert(meta->metadata.begin(), bytes.begin(),
	bytes.end());
	}

	return true;
	}

	/*
	* If you open /flash/image or /flash/tarball, or /flash/hash it will
	* interpret the open flags and perform whatever actions are required for
	* that update process. The session returned can be used immediately for
	* sending data down, without requiring one to open the new active file.
	*
	* If you open the active flash image or active hash it will let you
	* overwrite pieces, depending on the state.
	*
	* Once the verification process has started the active files cannot be
	* opened.
	*
	* You can only have one open session at a time. Which means, you can only
	* have one file open at a time. Trying to open the hash blob_id while you
	* still have the flash image blob_id open will fail. Opening the flash
	* blob_id when it is already open will fail.
	*/
	bool FirmwareBlobHandler::open(uint16_t session, uint16_t flags,
	const std::string& path)
	{
	/* Check that they've opened for writing - read back not currently
	* supported.
	*/
	if ((flags & blobs::OpenFlags::write) == 0)
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* Is the verification process underway? */
	if (state == UpdateState::verificationStarted)
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* Is there an open session already? We only allow one at a time.
	*
	* TODO: Temporarily using a simple boolean flag until there's a full
	* session object to check.
	*
	* Further on this, if there's an active session to the hash we don't allow
	* re-opening the image, and if we have the image open, we don't allow
	* opening the hash. This design decision may be re-evaluated, and changed
	* to only allow one session per object type (of the two types). But,
	* consider if the hash is open, do we want to allow writing to the image?
	* And why would we? But, really, the point of no-return is once the
	* verification process has begun -- which is done via commit() on the hash
	* blob_id, we no longer want to allow updating the contents.
	*/
	if (fileOpen)
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* Handle opening the verifyBlobId --> we know the image and hash aren't
	* open because of the fileOpen check.
	*
	* The file must be opened for writing, but no transport mechanism specified
	* since it's irrelevant.
	*/
	if (path == verifyBlobId)
	{
	/* In this case, there's no image handler to use, or data handler,
	* simply set up a session.
	*/
	verifyImage.flags = flags;
	verifyImage.state = Session::State::open;

	lookup[session] = &verifyImage;

	fileOpen = true;

	return true;
	}

	/* There are two abstractions at play, how you get the data and how you
	* handle that data. such that, whether the data comes from the PCI bridge
	* or LPC bridge is not connected to whether the data goes into a static
	* layout flash update or a UBI tarball.
	*/

	/* Check the flags for the transport mechanism: if none match we don't
	* support what they request.
	*/
	if ((flags & bitmask) == 0)
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* 2) there isn't, so what are they opening? */
	if (path == activeImageBlobId)
	{
	/* 2a) are they opening the active image? this can only happen if they
	* already started one (due to canHandleBlob's behavior).
	*/
	return false;
	}
	else if (path == activeHashBlobId)
	{
	/* 2b) are they opening the active hash? this can only happen if they
	* already started one (due to canHandleBlob's behavior).
	*/
	return false;
	}

	/* How are they expecting to copy this data? */
	auto d = std::find_if(
	transports.begin(), transports.end(),
	[&flags](const auto& iter) { return (iter.bitmask & flags); });
	if (d == transports.end())
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* We found the transport handler they requested, no surprise since
	* above we verify they selected at least one we wanted.
	*/

	/* Elsewhere I do this check by checking "if ::ipmi" because that's the
	* only non-external data pathway -- but this is just a more generic
	* approach to that.
	*/
	if (d->handler)
	{
	/* If the data handler open call fails, open fails. */
	if (!d->handler->open())
	{
	return false;
	}
	}

	/* Do we have a file handler for the type of file they're opening.
	* Note: This should only fail if something is somehow crazy wrong.
	* Since the canHandle() said yes, and that's tied into the list of explicit
	* firmware handers (and file handlers, like this'll know where to write the
	* tarball, etc).
	*/
	auto h = std::find_if(
	handlers.begin(), handlers.end(),
	[&path](const auto& iter) { return (iter.blobName == path); });
	if (h == handlers.end())
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* Ok, so we found a handler that matched, so call open() */
	if (!h->handler->open(path))
	{
	return false;
	}

	Session* curr;
	const std::string* active;

	if (path == hashBlobId)
	{
	/* 2c) are they opening the /flash/hash ? (to start the process) */
	curr = &activeHash;
	active = &activeHashBlobId;
	}
	else
	{
	curr = &activeImage;
	active = &activeImageBlobId;
	}

	curr->flags = flags;
	curr->dataHandler = d->handler;
	curr->imageHandler = h->handler;
	curr->state = Session::State::open;

	lookup[session] = curr;

	addBlobId(*active);
	removeBlobId(verifyBlobId);

	state = UpdateState::uploadInProgress;
	fileOpen = true;

	return true;
	}

	/**
	* The write command really just grabs the data from wherever it is and sends it
	* to the image handler. It's the image handler's responsibility to deal with
	* the data provided.
	*
	* This receives a session from the blob manager, therefore it is always called
	* between open() and close().
	*/
	bool FirmwareBlobHandler::write(uint16_t session, uint32_t offset,
	const std::vector<uint8_t>& data)
	{
	auto item = lookup.find(session);
	if (item == lookup.end())
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* Prevent writing during verification. */
	if (state == UpdateState::verificationStarted)
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* Prevent writing to the verification blob before they trigger
	* verification.
	*/
	if (item->second->activePath == verifyBlobId)
	{
	return false;
	}

	std::vector<std::uint8_t> bytes;

	if (item->second->flags & UpdateFlags::ipmi)
	{
	bytes = data;
	}
	else
	{
	/* little endian required per design, and so on, but TODO: do endianness
	* with boost.
	*/
	struct ExtChunkHdr header;

	if (data.size() != sizeof(header))
	{
	return false;
	}

	std::memcpy(&header, data.data(), data.size());
	bytes = item->second->dataHandler->copyFrom(header.length);
	}

	return item->second->imageHandler->write(offset, bytes);
	}

	/*
	* If the active session (image or hash) is over LPC, this allows
	* configuring it. This option is only available before you start
	* writing data for the given item (image or hash). This will return
	* false at any other part. -- the lpc handler portion will know to return
	* false.
	*/
	bool FirmwareBlobHandler::writeMeta(uint16_t session, uint32_t offset,
	const std::vector<uint8_t>& data)
	{
	auto item = lookup.find(session);
	if (item == lookup.end())
	{
	return false;
	}

	if (item->second->flags & UpdateFlags::ipmi)
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* Prevent writing meta to the verification blob (it has no data handler).
	*/
	if (item->second->dataHandler)
	{
	return item->second->dataHandler->writeMeta(data);
	}

	return false;
	}

	/*
	* If this command is called on the session for the verifyBlobId, it'll
	* trigger a systemd service `verify_image.service` to attempt to verify
	* the image.
	*
	* For this file to have opened, the other two must be closed, which means any
	* out-of-band transport mechanism involved is closed.
	*/
	bool FirmwareBlobHandler::commit(uint16_t session,
	const std::vector<uint8_t>& data)
	{
	auto item = lookup.find(session);
	if (item == lookup.end())
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* You can only commit on the verifyBlodId */
	if (item->second->activePath != verifyBlobId)
	{
	return false;
	}

	switch (state)
	{
	case UpdateState::verificationStarted:
	/* Calling repeatedly has no effect within an update process. */
	return true;
	case UpdateState::verificationCompleted:
	/* Calling after the verification process has completed returns
	* failure. */
	return false;
	default:
	/* Set state to committing. */
	item->second->flags \|= blobs::StateFlags::committing;
	return triggerVerification();
	}
	}

	/*
	* Close must be called on the firmware image before triggering
	* verification via commit. Once the verification is complete, you can
	* then close the hash file.
	*
	* If the `verify_image.service` returned success, closing the hash file
	* will have a specific behavior depending on the update. If it's UBI,
	* it'll perform the install. If it's static layout, it'll do nothing. The
	* verify_image service in the static layout case is responsible for placing
	* the file in the correct staging position.
	*/
	bool FirmwareBlobHandler::close(uint16_t session)
	{
	auto item = lookup.find(session);
	if (item == lookup.end())
	{
	return false;
	}

	/* Are you closing the verify blob? */
	if (item->second->activePath == verifyBlobId)
	{
	if (state == UpdateState::verificationStarted)
	{
	/* TODO: If they close this blob before verification finishes,
	* that's an abort.
	*/
	return false;
	}
	else if (state == UpdateState::verificationCompleted)
	{
	/* TODO: Should this delete the verification artifact? */
	state = UpdateState::notYetStarted;

	/* A this point, delete the active blob IDs from the blob_list. */
	removeBlobId(activeImageBlobId);
	removeBlobId(activeHashBlobId);
	}
	/* Must be verificationPending... not yet started, they may re-open and
	* trigger verification.
	*/
	}
	else
	{
	/* They are closing a data pathway (image, tarball, hash). */
	state = UpdateState::verificationPending;

	/* Add verify blob ID now that we can expect it. */
	addBlobId(verifyBlobId);
	}

	if (item->second->dataHandler)
	{
	item->second->dataHandler->close();
	}
	if (item->second->imageHandler)
	{
	item->second->imageHandler->close();
	}

	item->second->state = Session::State::closed;
	/* Do not delete the active blob_id from the list of blob_ids, because that
	* blob_id indicates there is data stored. Delete will destroy it.
	*/

	lookup.erase(item);

	fileOpen = false;

	return true;
	}

	bool FirmwareBlobHandler::expire(uint16_t session)
	{
	return false;
	}

	/*
	* Currently, the design does not provide this with a function, however,
	* it will likely change to support reading data back.
	*/
	std::vector<uint8_t> FirmwareBlobHandler::read(uint16_t session,
	uint32_t offset,
	uint32_t requestedSize)
	{
	return {};
	}

	bool FirmwareBlobHandler::triggerVerification()
	{
	bool result = verification->triggerVerification();
	if (result)
	{
	state = UpdateState::verificationStarted;
	}

	return result;
	}

	} // namespace ipmi_flash