poky/scripts/runqemu

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# Handle running OE images standalone with QEMU
#
# Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Linux Foundation
# Copyright (c) 2016 Wind River Systems, Inc.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#

import os
import sys
import logging
import subprocess
import re
import fcntl
import shutil
import glob
import configparser
import signal
import time

class RunQemuError(Exception):
    """Custom exception to raise on known errors."""
    pass

class OEPathError(RunQemuError):
    """Custom Exception to give better guidance on missing binaries"""
    def __init__(self, message):
        super().__init__("In order for this script to dynamically infer paths\n \
kernels or filesystem images, you either need bitbake in your PATH\n \
or to source oe-init-build-env before running this script.\n\n \
Dynamic path inference can be avoided by passing a *.qemuboot.conf to\n \
runqemu, i.e. `runqemu /path/to/my-image-name.qemuboot.conf`\n\n %s" % message)


def create_logger():
    logger = logging.getLogger('runqemu')
    logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

    # create console handler and set level to debug
    ch = logging.StreamHandler()
    ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

    # create formatter
    formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

    # add formatter to ch
    ch.setFormatter(formatter)

    # add ch to logger
    logger.addHandler(ch)

    return logger

logger = create_logger()

def print_usage():
    print("""
Usage: you can run this script with any valid combination
of the following environment variables (in any order):
  KERNEL - the kernel image file to use
  BIOS - the bios image file to use
  ROOTFS - the rootfs image file or nfsroot directory to use
  DEVICE_TREE - the device tree blob to use
  MACHINE - the machine name (optional, autodetected from KERNEL filename if unspecified)
  Simplified QEMU command-line options can be passed with:
    nographic - disable video console
    nonetwork - disable network connectivity
    novga - Disable VGA emulation completely
    sdl - choose the SDL UI frontend
    gtk - choose the Gtk UI frontend
    gl - enable virgl-based GL acceleration (also needs gtk or sdl options)
    gl-es - enable virgl-based GL acceleration, using OpenGL ES (also needs gtk or sdl options)
    egl-headless - enable headless EGL output; use vnc (via publicvnc option) or spice to see it
    (hint: if /dev/dri/renderD* is absent due to lack of suitable GPU, 'modprobe vgem' will create
    one suitable for mesa llvmpipe software renderer)
    serial - enable a serial console on /dev/ttyS0
    serialstdio - enable a serial console on the console (regardless of graphics mode)
    slirp - enable user networking, no root privilege is required
    snapshot - don't write changes back to images
    kvm - enable KVM when running x86/x86_64 (VT-capable CPU required)
    kvm-vhost - enable KVM with vhost when running x86/x86_64 (VT-capable CPU required)
    publicvnc - enable a VNC server open to all hosts
    audio - enable audio
    guestagent - enable guest agent communication
    [*/]ovmf* - OVMF firmware file or base name for booting with UEFI
  tcpserial=<port> - specify tcp serial port number
  qemuparams=<xyz> - specify custom parameters to QEMU
  bootparams=<xyz> - specify custom kernel parameters during boot
  help, -h, --help: print this text
  -d, --debug: Enable debug output
  -q, --quiet: Hide most output except error messages

Examples:
  runqemu
  runqemu qemuarm
  runqemu tmp/deploy/images/qemuarm
  runqemu tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/<qemuboot.conf>
  runqemu qemux86-64 core-image-sato ext4
  runqemu qemux86-64 wic-image-minimal wic
  runqemu path/to/bzImage-qemux86.bin path/to/nfsrootdir/ serial
  runqemu qemux86 iso/hddimg/wic.vmdk/wic.vhd/wic.vhdx/wic.qcow2/wic.vdi/ramfs/cpio.gz...
  runqemu qemux86 qemuparams="-m 256"
  runqemu qemux86 bootparams="psplash=false"
  runqemu path/to/<image>-<machine>.wic
  runqemu path/to/<image>-<machine>.wic.vmdk
  runqemu path/to/<image>-<machine>.wic.vhdx
  runqemu path/to/<image>-<machine>.wic.vhd
""")

def check_tun():
    """Check /dev/net/tun"""
    dev_tun = '/dev/net/tun'
    if not os.path.exists(dev_tun):
        raise RunQemuError("TUN control device %s is unavailable; you may need to enable TUN (e.g. sudo modprobe tun)" % dev_tun)

    if not os.access(dev_tun, os.W_OK):
        raise RunQemuError("TUN control device %s is not writable, please fix (e.g. sudo chmod 666 %s)" % (dev_tun, dev_tun))

def get_first_file(globs):
    """Return first file found in wildcard globs"""
    for g in globs:
        all_files = glob.glob(g)
        if all_files:
            for f in all_files:
                if not os.path.isdir(f):
                    return f
    return ''

class BaseConfig(object):
    def __init__(self):
        # The self.d saved vars from self.set(), part of them are from qemuboot.conf
        self.d = {'QB_KERNEL_ROOT': '/dev/vda'}

        # Supported env vars, add it here if a var can be got from env,
        # and don't use os.getenv in the code.
        self.env_vars = ('MACHINE',
                        'ROOTFS',
                        'KERNEL',
                        'BIOS',
                        'DEVICE_TREE',
                        'DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE',
                        'OE_TMPDIR',
                        'OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT',
                        'MULTICONFIG',
                        'SERIAL_CONSOLES',
                        )

        self.qemu_opt = ''
        self.qemu_opt_script = ''
        self.qemuparams = ''
        self.nfs_server = ''
        self.rootfs = ''
        # File name(s) of a OVMF firmware file or variable store,
        # to be added with -drive if=pflash.
        # Found in the same places as the rootfs, with or without one of
        # these suffices: qcow2, bin.
        self.ovmf_bios = []
        # When enrolling default Secure Boot keys, the hypervisor
        # must provide the Platform Key and the first Key Exchange Key
        # certificate in the Type 11 SMBIOS table.
        self.ovmf_secboot_pkkek1 = ''
        self.qemuboot = ''
        self.qbconfload = False
        self.kernel = ''
        self.bios = ''
        self.kernel_cmdline = ''
        self.kernel_cmdline_script = ''
        self.bootparams = ''
        self.dtb = ''
        self.fstype = ''
        self.kvm_enabled = False
        self.vhost_enabled = False
        self.slirp_enabled = False
        self.net_bridge = None
        self.nfs_instance = 0
        self.nfs_running = False
        self.serialconsole = False
        self.serialstdio = False
        self.nographic = False
        self.nonetwork = False
        self.sdl = False
        self.gtk = False
        self.gl = False
        self.gl_es = False
        self.egl_headless = False
        self.publicvnc = False
        self.novga = False
        self.cleantap = False
        self.saved_stty = ''
        self.audio_enabled = False
        self.tcpserial_portnum = ''
        self.taplock = ''
        self.taplock_descriptor = None
        self.portlocks = {}
        self.bitbake_e = ''
        self.snapshot = False
        self.wictypes = ('wic', 'wic.vmdk', 'wic.qcow2', 'wic.vdi', "wic.vhd", "wic.vhdx")
        self.fstypes = ('ext2', 'ext3', 'ext4', 'jffs2', 'nfs', 'btrfs',
                        'cpio.gz', 'cpio', 'ramfs', 'tar.bz2', 'tar.gz')
        self.vmtypes = ('hddimg', 'iso')
        self.fsinfo = {}
        self.network_device = "-device e1000,netdev=net0,mac=@MAC@"
        self.cmdline_ip_slirp = "ip=dhcp"
        self.cmdline_ip_tap = "ip=192.168.7.@CLIENT@::192.168.7.@GATEWAY@:255.255.255.0::eth0:off:8.8.8.8"
        # Use different mac section for tap and slirp to avoid
        # conflicts, e.g., when one is running with tap, the other is
        # running with slirp.
        # The last section is dynamic, which is for avoiding conflicts,
        # when multiple qemus are running, e.g., when multiple tap or
        # slirp qemus are running.
        self.mac_tap = "52:54:00:12:34:"
        self.mac_slirp = "52:54:00:12:35:"
        # pid of the actual qemu process
        self.qemu_environ = os.environ.copy()
        self.qemuprocess = None
        # avoid cleanup twice
        self.cleaned = False
        # Files to cleanup after run
        self.cleanup_files = []
        self.guest_agent = False
        self.guest_agent_sockpath = '/tmp/qga.sock'

    def acquire_taplock(self, error=True):
        logger.debug("Acquiring lockfile %s..." % self.taplock)
        try:
            self.taplock_descriptor = open(self.taplock, 'w')
            fcntl.flock(self.taplock_descriptor, fcntl.LOCK_EX|fcntl.LOCK_NB)
        except Exception as e:
            msg = "Acquiring lockfile %s failed: %s" % (self.taplock, e)
            if error:
                logger.error(msg)
            else:
                logger.info(msg)
            if self.taplock_descriptor:
                self.taplock_descriptor.close()
                self.taplock_descriptor = None
            return False
        return True

    def release_taplock(self):
        if self.taplock_descriptor:
            logger.debug("Releasing lockfile for tap device '%s'" % self.tap)
            # We pass the fd to the qemu process and if we unlock here, it would unlock for
            # that too. Therefore don't unlock, just close
            # fcntl.flock(self.taplock_descriptor, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
            self.taplock_descriptor.close()
            # Removing the file is a potential race, don't do that either
            # os.remove(self.taplock)
            self.taplock_descriptor = None

    def check_free_port(self, host, port, lockdir):
        """ Check whether the port is free or not """
        import socket
        from contextlib import closing

        lockfile = os.path.join(lockdir, str(port) + '.lock')
        if self.acquire_portlock(lockfile):
            with closing(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)) as sock:
                if sock.connect_ex((host, port)) == 0:
                    # Port is open, so not free
                    self.release_portlock(lockfile)
                    return False
                else:
                    # Port is not open, so free
                    return True
        else:
            return False

    def acquire_portlock(self, lockfile):
        logger.debug("Acquiring lockfile %s..." % lockfile)
        try:
            portlock_descriptor = open(lockfile, 'w')
            self.portlocks.update({lockfile: portlock_descriptor})
            fcntl.flock(self.portlocks[lockfile], fcntl.LOCK_EX|fcntl.LOCK_NB)
        except Exception as e:
            msg = "Acquiring lockfile %s failed: %s" % (lockfile, e)
            logger.info(msg)
            if lockfile in self.portlocks.keys() and self.portlocks[lockfile]:
                self.portlocks[lockfile].close()
                del self.portlocks[lockfile]
            return False
        return True

    def release_portlock(self, lockfile=None):
        if lockfile != None:
            logger.debug("Releasing lockfile '%s'" % lockfile)
            # We pass the fd to the qemu process and if we unlock here, it would unlock for
            # that too. Therefore don't unlock, just close
            # fcntl.flock(self.portlocks[lockfile], fcntl.LOCK_UN)
            self.portlocks[lockfile].close()
            # Removing the file is a potential race, don't do that either
            # os.remove(lockfile)
            del self.portlocks[lockfile]
        elif len(self.portlocks):
            for lockfile, descriptor in self.portlocks.items():
                logger.debug("Releasing lockfile '%s'" % lockfile)
                # We pass the fd to the qemu process and if we unlock here, it would unlock for
                # that too. Therefore don't unlock, just close
                # fcntl.flock(descriptor, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
                descriptor.close()
                # Removing the file is a potential race, don't do that either
                # os.remove(lockfile)
            self.portlocks = {}

    def get(self, key):
        if key in self.d:
            return self.d.get(key)
        elif os.getenv(key):
            return os.getenv(key)
        else:
            return ''

    def set(self, key, value):
        self.d[key] = value

    def is_deploy_dir_image(self, p):
        if os.path.isdir(p):
            if not re.search('.qemuboot.conf$', '\n'.join(os.listdir(p)), re.M):
                logger.debug("Can't find required *.qemuboot.conf in %s" % p)
                return False
            if not any(map(lambda name: '-image-' in name, os.listdir(p))):
                logger.debug("Can't find *-image-* in %s" % p)
                return False
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def check_arg_fstype(self, fst):
        """Check and set FSTYPE"""
        if fst not in self.fstypes + self.vmtypes + self.wictypes:
            logger.warning("Maybe unsupported FSTYPE: %s" % fst)
        if not self.fstype or self.fstype == fst:
            if fst == 'ramfs':
                fst = 'cpio.gz'
            if fst in ('tar.bz2', 'tar.gz'):
                fst = 'nfs'
            self.fstype = fst
        else:
            raise RunQemuError("Conflicting: FSTYPE %s and %s" % (self.fstype, fst))

    def set_machine_deploy_dir(self, machine, deploy_dir_image):
        """Set MACHINE and DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE"""
        logger.debug('MACHINE: %s' % machine)
        self.set("MACHINE", machine)
        logger.debug('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE: %s' % deploy_dir_image)
        self.set("DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE", deploy_dir_image)

    def check_arg_nfs(self, p):
        if os.path.isdir(p):
            self.rootfs = p
        else:
            m = re.match('(.*):(.*)', p)
            self.nfs_server = m.group(1)
            self.rootfs = m.group(2)
        self.check_arg_fstype('nfs')

    def check_arg_path(self, p):
        """
        - Check whether it is <image>.qemuboot.conf or contains <image>.qemuboot.conf
        - Check whether it is a kernel file
        - Check whether it is an image file
        - Check whether it is an NFS dir
        - Check whether it is an OVMF flash file
        """
        if p.endswith('.qemuboot.conf'):
            self.qemuboot = p
            self.qbconfload = True
        elif re.search('\.bin$', p) or re.search('bzImage', p) or \
             re.search('zImage', p) or re.search('vmlinux', p) or \
             re.search('fitImage', p) or re.search('uImage', p):
            self.kernel =  p
        elif os.path.exists(p) and (not os.path.isdir(p)) and '-image-' in os.path.basename(p):
            self.rootfs = p
            # Check filename against self.fstypes can handle <file>.cpio.gz,
            # otherwise, its type would be "gz", which is incorrect.
            fst = ""
            for t in self.fstypes:
                if p.endswith(t):
                    fst = t
                    break
            if not fst:
                m = re.search('.*\.(.*)$', self.rootfs)
                if m:
                    fst =  m.group(1)
            if fst:
                self.check_arg_fstype(fst)
                qb = re.sub('\.' + fst + "$", '.qemuboot.conf', self.rootfs)
                if os.path.exists(qb):
                    self.qemuboot = qb
                    self.qbconfload = True
                else:
                    logger.warning("%s doesn't exist, will try to remove '.rootfs' from filename" % qb)
                    # They to remove .rootfs (IMAGE_NAME_SUFFIX) as well
                    qb = re.sub('\.rootfs.qemuboot.conf$', '.qemuboot.conf', qb)
                    if os.path.exists(qb):
                        self.qemuboot = qb
                        self.qbconfload = True
                    else:
                        logger.warning("%s doesn't exist" % qb)
            else:
                raise RunQemuError("Can't find FSTYPE from: %s" % p)

        elif os.path.isdir(p) or re.search(':', p) and re.search('/', p):
            if self.is_deploy_dir_image(p):
                logger.debug('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE: %s' % p)
                self.set("DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE", p)
            else:
                logger.debug("Assuming %s is an nfs rootfs" % p)
                self.check_arg_nfs(p)
        elif os.path.basename(p).startswith('ovmf'):
            self.ovmf_bios.append(p)
        else:
            raise RunQemuError("Unknown path arg %s" % p)

    def check_arg_machine(self, arg):
        """Check whether it is a machine"""
        if self.get('MACHINE') == arg:
            return
        elif self.get('MACHINE') and self.get('MACHINE') != arg:
            raise RunQemuError("Maybe conflicted MACHINE: %s vs %s" % (self.get('MACHINE'), arg))
        elif re.search('/', arg):
            raise RunQemuError("Unknown arg: %s" % arg)

        logger.debug('Assuming MACHINE = %s' % arg)

        # if we're running under testimage, or similarly as a child
        # of an existing bitbake invocation, we can't invoke bitbake
        # to validate the MACHINE setting and must assume it's correct...
        # FIXME: testimage.bbclass exports these two variables into env,
        # are there other scenarios in which we need to support being
        # invoked by bitbake?
        deploy = self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE')
        image_link_name = self.get('IMAGE_LINK_NAME')
        bbchild = deploy and self.get('OE_TMPDIR')
        if bbchild:
            self.set_machine_deploy_dir(arg, deploy)
            return
        # also check whether we're running under a sourced toolchain
        # environment file
        if self.get('OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT'):
            self.set("MACHINE", arg)
            return

        self.bitbake_e = self.run_bitbake_env(arg)
        # bitbake -e doesn't report invalid MACHINE as an error, so
        # let's check DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE to make sure that it is a valid
        # MACHINE.
        s = re.search('^DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE="(.*)"', self.bitbake_e, re.M)
        if s:
            deploy_dir_image = s.group(1)
        else:
            raise RunQemuError("bitbake -e %s" % self.bitbake_e)
        if self.is_deploy_dir_image(deploy_dir_image):
            self.set_machine_deploy_dir(arg, deploy_dir_image)
        else:
            logger.error("%s not a directory valid DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE" % deploy_dir_image)
            self.set("MACHINE", arg)
        if not image_link_name:
            s = re.search('^IMAGE_LINK_NAME="(.*)"', self.bitbake_e, re.M)
            if s:
                image_link_name = s.group(1)
                self.set("IMAGE_LINK_NAME", image_link_name)
                logger.debug('Using IMAGE_LINK_NAME = "%s"' % image_link_name)

    def set_dri_path(self):
        drivers_path = os.path.join(self.bindir_native, '../lib/dri')
        if not os.path.exists(drivers_path) or not os.listdir(drivers_path):
            raise RunQemuError("""
qemu has been built without opengl support and accelerated graphics support is not available.
To enable it, add:
DISTRO_FEATURES_NATIVE:append = " opengl"
DISTRO_FEATURES_NATIVESDK:append = " opengl"
to your build configuration.
""")
        self.qemu_environ['LIBGL_DRIVERS_PATH'] = drivers_path

    def check_args(self):
        for debug in ("-d", "--debug"):
            if debug in sys.argv:
                logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
                sys.argv.remove(debug)

        for quiet in ("-q", "--quiet"):
            if quiet in sys.argv:
                logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
                sys.argv.remove(quiet)

        if 'gl' not in sys.argv[1:] and 'gl-es' not in sys.argv[1:]:
            self.qemu_environ['SDL_RENDER_DRIVER'] = 'software'
            self.qemu_environ['SDL_FRAMEBUFFER_ACCELERATION'] = 'false'

        unknown_arg = ""
        for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
            if arg in self.fstypes + self.vmtypes + self.wictypes:
                self.check_arg_fstype(arg)
            elif arg == 'nographic':
                self.nographic = True
            elif arg == "nonetwork":
                self.nonetwork = True
            elif arg == 'sdl':
                self.sdl = True
            elif arg == 'gtk':
                self.gtk = True
            elif arg == 'gl':
                self.gl = True
            elif arg == 'gl-es':
                self.gl_es = True
            elif arg == 'egl-headless':
                self.egl_headless = True
            elif arg == 'novga':
                self.novga = True
            elif arg == 'serial':
                self.serialconsole = True
            elif arg == "serialstdio":
                self.serialstdio = True
            elif arg == 'audio':
                logger.info("Enabling audio in qemu")
                logger.info("Please install sound drivers in linux host")
                self.audio_enabled = True
            elif arg == 'kvm':
                self.kvm_enabled = True
            elif arg == 'kvm-vhost':
                self.vhost_enabled = True
            elif arg == 'slirp':
                self.slirp_enabled = True
            elif arg.startswith('bridge='):
                self.net_bridge = '%s' % arg[len('bridge='):]
            elif arg == 'snapshot':
                self.snapshot = True
            elif arg == 'publicvnc':
                self.publicvnc = True
                self.qemu_opt_script += ' -vnc :0'
            elif arg == 'guestagent':
                self.guest_agent = True
            elif arg.startswith('guestagent-sockpath='):
                self.guest_agent_sockpath = '%s' % arg[len('guestagent-sockpath='):]
            elif arg.startswith('tcpserial='):
                self.tcpserial_portnum = '%s' % arg[len('tcpserial='):]
            elif arg.startswith('qemuparams='):
                self.qemuparams = ' %s' % arg[len('qemuparams='):]
            elif arg.startswith('bootparams='):
                self.bootparams = arg[len('bootparams='):]
            elif os.path.exists(arg) or (re.search(':', arg) and re.search('/', arg)):
                self.check_arg_path(os.path.abspath(arg))
            elif re.search(r'-image-|-image$', arg):
                # Lazy rootfs
                self.rootfs = arg
            elif arg.startswith('ovmf'):
                self.ovmf_bios.append(arg)
            else:
                # At last, assume it is the MACHINE
                if (not unknown_arg) or unknown_arg == arg:
                    unknown_arg = arg
                else:
                    raise RunQemuError("Can't handle two unknown args: %s %s\n"
                                       "Try 'runqemu help' on how to use it" % \
                                        (unknown_arg, arg))
        # Check to make sure it is a valid machine
        if unknown_arg and self.get('MACHINE') != unknown_arg:
            if self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'):
                machine = os.path.basename(self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'))
                if unknown_arg == machine:
                    self.set("MACHINE", machine)

            self.check_arg_machine(unknown_arg)

        if not (self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE') or self.qbconfload):
            self.load_bitbake_env(target=self.rootfs)
            s = re.search('^DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE="(.*)"', self.bitbake_e, re.M)
            if s:
                self.set("DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE", s.group(1))

        if not self.get('IMAGE_LINK_NAME') and self.rootfs:
            s = re.search('^IMAGE_LINK_NAME="(.*)"', self.bitbake_e, re.M)
            if s:
                image_link_name = s.group(1)
                self.set("IMAGE_LINK_NAME", image_link_name)
                logger.debug('Using IMAGE_LINK_NAME = "%s"' % image_link_name)

    def check_kvm(self):
        """Check kvm and kvm-host"""
        if not (self.kvm_enabled or self.vhost_enabled):
            self.qemu_opt_script += ' %s %s %s' % (self.get('QB_MACHINE'), self.get('QB_CPU'), self.get('QB_SMP'))
            return

        if not self.get('QB_CPU_KVM'):
            raise RunQemuError("QB_CPU_KVM is NULL, this board doesn't support kvm")

        self.qemu_opt_script += ' %s %s %s' % (self.get('QB_MACHINE'), self.get('QB_CPU_KVM'), self.get('QB_SMP'))
        yocto_kvm_wiki = "https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/How_to_enable_KVM_for_Poky_qemu"
        yocto_paravirt_kvm_wiki = "https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Running_an_x86_Yocto_Linux_image_under_QEMU_KVM"
        dev_kvm = '/dev/kvm'
        dev_vhost = '/dev/vhost-net'
        if self.qemu_system.endswith(('i386', 'x86_64')):
            with open('/proc/cpuinfo', 'r') as f:
                kvm_cap = re.search('vmx|svm', "".join(f.readlines()))
            if not kvm_cap:
                logger.error("You are trying to enable KVM on a cpu without VT support.")
                logger.error("Remove kvm from the command-line, or refer:")
                raise RunQemuError(yocto_kvm_wiki)

        if not os.path.exists(dev_kvm):
            logger.error("Missing KVM device. Have you inserted kvm modules?")
            logger.error("For further help see:")
            raise RunQemuError(yocto_kvm_wiki)

        if os.access(dev_kvm, os.W_OK|os.R_OK):
            self.qemu_opt_script += ' -enable-kvm'
        else:
            logger.error("You have no read or write permission on /dev/kvm.")
            logger.error("Please change the ownership of this file as described at:")
            raise RunQemuError(yocto_kvm_wiki)

        if self.vhost_enabled:
            if not os.path.exists(dev_vhost):
                logger.error("Missing virtio net device. Have you inserted vhost-net module?")
                logger.error("For further help see:")
                raise RunQemuError(yocto_paravirt_kvm_wiki)

            if not os.access(dev_vhost, os.W_OK|os.R_OK):
                logger.error("You have no read or write permission on /dev/vhost-net.")
                logger.error("Please change the ownership of this file as described at:")
                raise RunQemuError(yocto_paravirt_kvm_wiki)

    def check_fstype(self):
        """Check and setup FSTYPE"""
        if not self.fstype:
            fstype = self.get('QB_DEFAULT_FSTYPE')
            if fstype:
                self.fstype = fstype
            else:
                raise RunQemuError("FSTYPE is NULL!")

        # parse QB_FSINFO into dict, e.g. { 'wic': ['no-kernel-in-fs', 'a-flag'], 'ext4': ['another-flag']}
        wic_fs = False
        qb_fsinfo = self.get('QB_FSINFO')
        if qb_fsinfo:
            qb_fsinfo = qb_fsinfo.split()
            for fsinfo in qb_fsinfo:
                try:
                    fstype, fsflag = fsinfo.split(':')

                    if fstype == 'wic':
                        if fsflag == 'no-kernel-in-fs':
                            wic_fs = True
                        elif fsflag == 'kernel-in-fs':
                            wic_fs = False
                        else:
                            logger.warn('Unknown flag "%s:%s" in QB_FSINFO', fstype, fsflag)
                            continue
                    else:
                        logger.warn('QB_FSINFO is not supported for image type "%s"', fstype)
                        continue

                    if fstype in self.fsinfo:
                        self.fsinfo[fstype].append(fsflag)
                    else:
                        self.fsinfo[fstype] = [fsflag]
                except Exception:
                    logger.error('Invalid parameter "%s" in QB_FSINFO', fsinfo)

        # treat wic images as vmimages (with kernel) or as fsimages (rootfs only)
        if wic_fs:
            self.fstypes = self.fstypes + self.wictypes
        else:
            self.vmtypes = self.vmtypes + self.wictypes

    def check_rootfs(self):
        """Check and set rootfs"""

        if self.fstype == "none":
            return

        if self.get('ROOTFS'):
            if not self.rootfs:
                self.rootfs = self.get('ROOTFS')
            elif self.get('ROOTFS') != self.rootfs:
                raise RunQemuError("Maybe conflicted ROOTFS: %s vs %s" % (self.get('ROOTFS'), self.rootfs))

        if self.fstype == 'nfs':
            return

        if self.rootfs and not os.path.exists(self.rootfs):
            # Lazy rootfs
            self.rootfs = "%s/%s.%s" % (self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'),
                    self.get('IMAGE_LINK_NAME'),
                    self.fstype)
        elif not self.rootfs:
            glob_name = '%s/%s*.%s' % (self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'), self.get('IMAGE_NAME'), self.fstype)
            glob_link = '%s/%s*.%s' % (self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'), self.get('IMAGE_LINK_NAME'), self.fstype)
            globs = (glob_name, glob_link)
            self.rootfs = get_first_file(globs)
            if not self.rootfs:
                raise RunQemuError("Failed to find rootfs: %s or %s" % globs)

        if not os.path.exists(self.rootfs):
            raise RunQemuError("Can't find rootfs: %s" % self.rootfs)

    def setup_pkkek1(self):
        """
        Extract from PEM certificate the Platform Key and first Key
        Exchange Key certificate string. The hypervisor needs to provide
        it in the Type 11 SMBIOS table
        """
        pemcert = '%s/%s' % (self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'), 'OvmfPkKek1.pem')
        try:
            with open(pemcert, 'r') as pemfile:
                key = pemfile.read().replace('\n', ''). \
                      replace('-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----', ''). \
                      replace('-----END CERTIFICATE-----', '')
                self.ovmf_secboot_pkkek1 = key

        except FileNotFoundError:
            raise RunQemuError("Can't open PEM certificate %s " % pemcert)

    def check_ovmf(self):
        """Check and set full path for OVMF firmware and variable file(s)."""

        for index, ovmf in enumerate(self.ovmf_bios):
            if os.path.exists(ovmf):
                continue
            for suffix in ('qcow2', 'bin'):
                path = '%s/%s.%s' % (self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'), ovmf, suffix)
                if os.path.exists(path):
                    self.ovmf_bios[index] = path
                    if ovmf.endswith('secboot'):
                        self.setup_pkkek1()
                    break
            else:
                raise RunQemuError("Can't find OVMF firmware: %s" % ovmf)

    def check_kernel(self):
        """Check and set kernel"""
        # The vm image doesn't need a kernel
        if self.fstype in self.vmtypes:
            return

        # See if the user supplied a KERNEL option
        if self.get('KERNEL'):
            self.kernel = self.get('KERNEL')

        # QB_DEFAULT_KERNEL is always a full file path
        kernel_name = os.path.basename(self.get('QB_DEFAULT_KERNEL'))

        # The user didn't want a kernel to be loaded
        if kernel_name == "none" and not self.kernel:
            return

        deploy_dir_image = self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE')
        if not self.kernel:
            kernel_match_name = "%s/%s" % (deploy_dir_image, kernel_name)
            kernel_match_link = "%s/%s" % (deploy_dir_image, self.get('KERNEL_IMAGETYPE'))
            kernel_startswith = "%s/%s*" % (deploy_dir_image, self.get('KERNEL_IMAGETYPE'))
            globs = (kernel_match_name, kernel_match_link, kernel_startswith)
            self.kernel = get_first_file(globs)
            if not self.kernel:
                raise RunQemuError('KERNEL not found: %s, %s or %s' % globs)

        if not os.path.exists(self.kernel):
            raise RunQemuError("KERNEL %s not found" % self.kernel)

    def check_dtb(self):
        """Check and set dtb"""
        # Did the user specify a device tree?
        if self.get('DEVICE_TREE'):
            self.dtb = self.get('DEVICE_TREE')
            if not os.path.exists(self.dtb):
                raise RunQemuError('Specified DTB not found: %s' % self.dtb)
            return

        dtb = self.get('QB_DTB')
        if dtb:
            deploy_dir_image = self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE')
            glob_match = "%s/%s" % (deploy_dir_image, dtb)
            glob_startswith = "%s/%s*" % (deploy_dir_image, dtb)
            glob_wild = "%s/*.dtb" % deploy_dir_image
            globs = (glob_match, glob_startswith, glob_wild)
            self.dtb = get_first_file(globs)
            if not os.path.exists(self.dtb):
                raise RunQemuError('DTB not found: %s, %s or %s' % globs)

    def check_bios(self):
        """Check and set bios"""

        # See if the user supplied a BIOS option
        if self.get('BIOS'):
            self.bios = self.get('BIOS')

        # QB_DEFAULT_BIOS is always a full file path
        bios_name = os.path.basename(self.get('QB_DEFAULT_BIOS'))

        # The user didn't want a bios to be loaded
        if (bios_name == "" or bios_name == "none") and not self.bios:
            return

        if not self.bios:
            deploy_dir_image = self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE')
            self.bios = "%s/%s" % (deploy_dir_image, bios_name)

            if not self.bios:
                raise RunQemuError('BIOS not found: %s' % bios_match_name)

        if not os.path.exists(self.bios):
            raise RunQemuError("BIOS %s not found" % self.bios)


    def check_mem(self):
        """
        Both qemu and kernel needs memory settings, so check QB_MEM and set it
        for both.
        """
        s = re.search('-m +([0-9]+)', self.qemuparams)
        if s:
            self.set('QB_MEM', '-m %s' % s.group(1))
        elif not self.get('QB_MEM'):
            logger.info('QB_MEM is not set, use 256M by default')
            self.set('QB_MEM', '-m 256')

        # Check and remove M or m suffix
        qb_mem = self.get('QB_MEM')
        if qb_mem.endswith('M') or qb_mem.endswith('m'):
            qb_mem = qb_mem[:-1]

        # Add -m prefix it not present
        if not qb_mem.startswith('-m'):
            qb_mem = '-m %s' % qb_mem

        self.set('QB_MEM', qb_mem)

        mach = self.get('MACHINE')
        if not mach.startswith(('qemumips', 'qemux86', 'qemuloongarch64')):
            self.kernel_cmdline_script += ' mem=%s' % self.get('QB_MEM').replace('-m','').strip() + 'M'

        self.qemu_opt_script += ' %s' % self.get('QB_MEM')

    def check_tcpserial(self):
        if self.tcpserial_portnum:
            ports = self.tcpserial_portnum.split(':')
            port = ports[0]
            if self.get('QB_TCPSERIAL_OPT'):
                self.qemu_opt_script += ' ' + self.get('QB_TCPSERIAL_OPT').replace('@PORT@', port)
            else:
                self.qemu_opt_script += ' -serial tcp:127.0.0.1:%s' % port

            if len(ports) > 1:
                for port in ports[1:]:
                    self.qemu_opt_script += ' -serial tcp:127.0.0.1:%s' % port

    def check_and_set(self):
        """Check configs sanity and set when needed"""
        self.validate_paths()
        if not self.slirp_enabled and not self.net_bridge:
            check_tun()
        # Check audio
        if self.audio_enabled:
            if not self.get('QB_AUDIO_DRV'):
                raise RunQemuError("QB_AUDIO_DRV is NULL, this board doesn't support audio")
            if not self.get('QB_AUDIO_OPT'):
                logger.warning('QB_AUDIO_OPT is NULL, you may need define it to make audio work')
            else:
                self.qemu_opt_script += ' %s' % self.get('QB_AUDIO_OPT')
            os.putenv('QEMU_AUDIO_DRV', self.get('QB_AUDIO_DRV'))
        else:
            os.putenv('QEMU_AUDIO_DRV', 'none')

        self.check_qemu_system()
        self.check_kvm()
        self.check_fstype()
        self.check_rootfs()
        self.check_ovmf()
        self.check_kernel()
        self.check_dtb()
        self.check_bios()
        self.check_mem()
        self.check_tcpserial()

    def read_qemuboot(self):
        if not self.qemuboot:
            if self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'):
                deploy_dir_image = self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE')
            else:
                logger.warning("Can't find qemuboot conf file, DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE is NULL!")
                return

            if self.rootfs and not os.path.exists(self.rootfs):
                # Lazy rootfs
                machine = self.get('MACHINE')
                if not machine:
                    machine = os.path.basename(deploy_dir_image)
                if not self.get('IMAGE_LINK_NAME'):
                    raise RunQemuError("IMAGE_LINK_NAME wasn't set to find corresponding .qemuboot.conf file")
                self.qemuboot = "%s/%s.qemuboot.conf" % (deploy_dir_image,
                        self.get('IMAGE_LINK_NAME'))
            else:
                cmd = 'ls -t %s/*.qemuboot.conf' %  deploy_dir_image
                logger.debug('Running %s...' % cmd)
                try:
                    qbs = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode('utf-8')
                except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
                    raise RunQemuError(err)
                if qbs:
                    for qb in qbs.split():
                        # Don't use initramfs when other choices unless fstype is ramfs
                        if '-initramfs-' in os.path.basename(qb) and self.fstype != 'cpio.gz':
                                continue
                        self.qemuboot = qb
                        break
                    if not self.qemuboot:
                        # Use the first one when no choice
                        self.qemuboot = qbs.split()[0]
                    self.qbconfload = True

        if not self.qemuboot:
            # If we haven't found a .qemuboot.conf at this point it probably
            # doesn't exist, continue without
            return

        if not os.path.exists(self.qemuboot):
            raise RunQemuError("Failed to find %s (wrong image name or BSP does not support running under qemu?)." % self.qemuboot)

        logger.debug('CONFFILE: %s' % self.qemuboot)

        cf = configparser.ConfigParser()
        cf.read(self.qemuboot)
        for k, v in cf.items('config_bsp'):
            k_upper = k.upper()
            if v.startswith("../"):
                v = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(self.qemuboot) + "/" + v)
            elif v == ".":
                v = os.path.dirname(self.qemuboot)
            self.set(k_upper, v)

    def validate_paths(self):
        """Ensure all relevant path variables are set"""
        # When we're started with a *.qemuboot.conf arg assume that image
        # artefacts are relative to that file, rather than in whatever
        # directory DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE in the conf file points to.
        if self.qbconfload:
            imgdir = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(self.qemuboot))
            if imgdir != os.path.realpath(self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE')):
                logger.info('Setting DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE to folder containing %s (%s)' % (self.qemuboot, imgdir))
                self.set('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE', imgdir)

        # If the STAGING_*_NATIVE directories from the config file don't exist
        # and we're in a sourced OE build directory try to extract the paths
        # from `bitbake -e`
        havenative = os.path.exists(self.get('STAGING_DIR_NATIVE')) and \
            os.path.exists(self.get('STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE'))

        if not havenative:
            if not self.bitbake_e:
                self.load_bitbake_env()

            if self.bitbake_e:
                native_vars = ['STAGING_DIR_NATIVE']
                for nv in native_vars:
                    s = re.search('^%s="(.*)"' % nv, self.bitbake_e, re.M)
                    if s and s.group(1) != self.get(nv):
                        logger.info('Overriding conf file setting of %s to %s from Bitbake environment' % (nv, s.group(1)))
                        self.set(nv, s.group(1))
            else:
                # when we're invoked from a running bitbake instance we won't
                # be able to call `bitbake -e`, then try:
                # - get OE_TMPDIR from environment and guess paths based on it
                # - get OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT from environment (for sdk)
                tmpdir = self.get('OE_TMPDIR')
                oecore_native_sysroot = self.get('OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT')
                if tmpdir:
                    logger.info('Setting STAGING_DIR_NATIVE and STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE relative to OE_TMPDIR (%s)' % tmpdir)
                    hostos, _, _, _, machine = os.uname()
                    buildsys = '%s-%s' % (machine, hostos.lower())
                    staging_dir_native = '%s/sysroots/%s' % (tmpdir, buildsys)
                    self.set('STAGING_DIR_NATIVE', staging_dir_native)
                elif oecore_native_sysroot:
                    logger.info('Setting STAGING_DIR_NATIVE to OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT (%s)' % oecore_native_sysroot)
                    self.set('STAGING_DIR_NATIVE', oecore_native_sysroot)
                if self.get('STAGING_DIR_NATIVE'):
                    # we have to assume that STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE is at usr/bin
                    staging_bindir_native = '%s/usr/bin' % self.get('STAGING_DIR_NATIVE')
                    logger.info('Setting STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE to %s' % staging_bindir_native)
                    self.set('STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE', '%s/usr/bin' % self.get('STAGING_DIR_NATIVE'))

    def print_config(self):
        logoutput = ['Continuing with the following parameters:']
        if not self.fstype in self.vmtypes:
            logoutput.append('KERNEL: [%s]' % self.kernel)
            if self.bios:
                logoutput.append('BIOS: [%s]' % self.bios)
            if self.dtb:
                logoutput.append('DTB: [%s]' % self.dtb)
        logoutput.append('MACHINE: [%s]' % self.get('MACHINE'))
        try:
            fstype_flags = ' (' + ', '.join(self.fsinfo[self.fstype]) + ')'
        except KeyError:
            fstype_flags = ''
        logoutput.append('FSTYPE: [%s%s]' % (self.fstype, fstype_flags))
        if self.fstype  == 'nfs':
            logoutput.append('NFS_DIR: [%s]' % self.rootfs)
        else:
            logoutput.append('ROOTFS: [%s]' % self.rootfs)
        if self.ovmf_bios:
            logoutput.append('OVMF: %s' % self.ovmf_bios)
        if (self.ovmf_secboot_pkkek1):
            logoutput.append('SECBOOT PKKEK1: [%s...]' % self.ovmf_secboot_pkkek1[0:100])
        logoutput.append('CONFFILE: [%s]' % self.qemuboot)
        logoutput.append('')
        logger.info('\n'.join(logoutput))

    def setup_nfs(self):
        if not self.nfs_server:
            if self.slirp_enabled:
                self.nfs_server = '10.0.2.2'
            else:
                self.nfs_server = '192.168.7.@GATEWAY@'

        # Figure out a new nfs_instance to allow multiple qemus running.
        ps = subprocess.check_output(("ps", "auxww")).decode('utf-8')
        pattern = '/bin/unfsd .* -i .*\.pid -e .*/exports([0-9]+) '
        all_instances = re.findall(pattern, ps, re.M)
        if all_instances:
            all_instances.sort(key=int)
            self.nfs_instance = int(all_instances.pop()) + 1

        nfsd_port = 3049 + 2 * self.nfs_instance
        mountd_port = 3048 + 2 * self.nfs_instance

        # Export vars for runqemu-export-rootfs
        export_dict = {
            'NFS_INSTANCE': self.nfs_instance,
            'NFSD_PORT': nfsd_port,
            'MOUNTD_PORT': mountd_port,
        }
        for k, v in export_dict.items():
            # Use '%s' since they are integers
            os.putenv(k, '%s' % v)

        qb_nfsrootfs_extra_opt = self.get("QB_NFSROOTFS_EXTRA_OPT")
        if qb_nfsrootfs_extra_opt and not qb_nfsrootfs_extra_opt.startswith(","):
            qb_nfsrootfs_extra_opt = "," + qb_nfsrootfs_extra_opt

        self.unfs_opts="nfsvers=3,port=%s,tcp,mountport=%s%s" % (nfsd_port, mountd_port, qb_nfsrootfs_extra_opt)

        # Extract .tar.bz2 or .tar.bz if no nfs dir
        if not (self.rootfs and os.path.isdir(self.rootfs)):
            src_prefix = '%s/%s' % (self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'), self.get('IMAGE_LINK_NAME'))
            dest = "%s-nfsroot" % src_prefix
            if os.path.exists('%s.pseudo_state' % dest):
                logger.info('Use %s as NFS_DIR' % dest)
                self.rootfs = dest
            else:
                src = ""
                src1 = '%s.tar.bz2' % src_prefix
                src2 = '%s.tar.gz' % src_prefix
                if os.path.exists(src1):
                    src = src1
                elif os.path.exists(src2):
                    src = src2
                if not src:
                    raise RunQemuError("No NFS_DIR is set, and can't find %s or %s to extract" % (src1, src2))
                logger.info('NFS_DIR not found, extracting %s to %s' % (src, dest))
                cmd = ('runqemu-extract-sdk', src, dest)
                logger.info('Running %s...' % str(cmd))
                if subprocess.call(cmd) != 0:
                    raise RunQemuError('Failed to run %s' % str(cmd))
                self.rootfs = dest
                self.cleanup_files.append(self.rootfs)
                self.cleanup_files.append('%s.pseudo_state' % self.rootfs)

        # Start the userspace NFS server
        cmd = ('runqemu-export-rootfs', 'start', self.rootfs)
        logger.info('Running %s...' % str(cmd))
        if subprocess.call(cmd) != 0:
            raise RunQemuError('Failed to run %s' % str(cmd))

        self.nfs_running = True

    def setup_cmd(self):
        cmd = self.get('QB_SETUP_CMD')
        if cmd != '':
            logger.info('Running setup command %s' % str(cmd))
            if subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True) != 0:
                raise RunQemuError('Failed to run %s' % str(cmd))

    def setup_net_bridge(self):
        self.set('NETWORK_CMD', '-netdev bridge,br=%s,id=net0,helper=%s -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 ' % (
            self.net_bridge, os.path.join(self.bindir_native, 'qemu-oe-bridge-helper')))

    def setup_slirp(self):
        """Setup user networking"""

        if self.fstype == 'nfs':
            self.setup_nfs()
        netconf = " " + self.cmdline_ip_slirp
        logger.info("Network configuration:%s", netconf)
        self.kernel_cmdline_script += netconf
        # Port mapping
        hostfwd = ",hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:2222-:22,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:2323-:23"
        qb_slirp_opt_default = "-netdev user,id=net0%s,tftp=%s" % (hostfwd, self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE'))
        qb_slirp_opt = self.get('QB_SLIRP_OPT') or qb_slirp_opt_default
        # Figure out the port
        ports = re.findall('hostfwd=[^-]*:([0-9]+)-[^,-]*', qb_slirp_opt)
        ports = [int(i) for i in ports]
        mac = 2

        lockdir = "/tmp/qemu-port-locks"
        if not os.path.exists(lockdir):
            # There might be a race issue when multi runqemu processess are
            # running at the same time.
            try:
                os.mkdir(lockdir)
                os.chmod(lockdir, 0o777)
            except FileExistsError:
                pass

        # Find a free port to avoid conflicts
        for p in ports[:]:
            p_new = p
            while not self.check_free_port('localhost', p_new, lockdir):
                p_new += 1
                mac += 1
                while p_new in ports:
                        p_new += 1
                        mac += 1
            if p != p_new:
                ports.append(p_new)
                qb_slirp_opt = re.sub(':%s-' % p, ':%s-' % p_new, qb_slirp_opt)
                logger.info("Port forward changed: %s -> %s" % (p, p_new))
        mac = "%s%02x" % (self.mac_slirp, mac)
        self.set('NETWORK_CMD', '%s %s' % (self.network_device.replace('@MAC@', mac), qb_slirp_opt))
        # Print out port foward
        hostfwd = re.findall('(hostfwd=[^,]*)', qb_slirp_opt)
        if hostfwd:
            logger.info('Port forward: %s' % ' '.join(hostfwd))

    def setup_tap(self):
        """Setup tap"""

        # This file is created when runqemu-gen-tapdevs creates a bank of tap
        # devices, indicating that the user should not bring up new ones using
        # sudo.
        nosudo_flag = '/etc/runqemu-nosudo'
        self.qemuifup = shutil.which('runqemu-ifup')
        self.qemuifdown = shutil.which('runqemu-ifdown')
        ip = shutil.which('ip')
        lockdir = "/tmp/qemu-tap-locks"

        if not (self.qemuifup and self.qemuifdown and ip):
            logger.error("runqemu-ifup: %s" % self.qemuifup)
            logger.error("runqemu-ifdown: %s" % self.qemuifdown)
            logger.error("ip: %s" % ip)
            raise OEPathError("runqemu-ifup, runqemu-ifdown or ip not found")

        if not os.path.exists(lockdir):
            # There might be a race issue when multi runqemu processess are
            # running at the same time.
            try:
                os.mkdir(lockdir)
                os.chmod(lockdir, 0o777)
            except FileExistsError:
                pass

        cmd = (ip, 'link')
        logger.debug('Running %s...' % str(cmd))
        ip_link = subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8')
        # Matches line like: 6: tap0: <foo>
        possibles = re.findall('^[0-9]+: +(tap[0-9]+): <.*', ip_link, re.M)
        tap = ""
        for p in possibles:
            lockfile = os.path.join(lockdir, p)
            if os.path.exists('%s.skip' % lockfile):
                logger.info('Found %s.skip, skipping %s' % (lockfile, p))
                continue
            self.taplock = lockfile + '.lock'
            if self.acquire_taplock(error=False):
                tap = p
                logger.info("Using preconfigured tap device %s" % tap)
                logger.info("If this is not intended, touch %s.skip to make runqemu skip %s." %(lockfile, tap))
                break

        if not tap:
            if os.path.exists(nosudo_flag):
                logger.error("Error: There are no available tap devices to use for networking,")
                logger.error("and I see %s exists, so I am not going to try creating" % nosudo_flag)
                raise RunQemuError("a new one with sudo.")

            gid = os.getgid()
            uid = os.getuid()
            logger.info("Setting up tap interface under sudo")
            cmd = ('sudo', self.qemuifup, str(uid), str(gid), self.bindir_native)
            try:
                tap = subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                logger.error('Setting up tap device failed:\n%s\nRun runqemu-gen-tapdevs to manually create one.' % str(e))
                sys.exit(1)
            lockfile = os.path.join(lockdir, tap)
            self.taplock = lockfile + '.lock'
            self.acquire_taplock()
            self.cleantap = True
            logger.debug('Created tap: %s' % tap)

        if not tap:
            logger.error("Failed to setup tap device. Run runqemu-gen-tapdevs to manually create.")
            sys.exit(1)
        self.tap = tap
        tapnum = int(tap[3:])
        gateway = tapnum * 2 + 1
        client = gateway + 1
        if self.fstype == 'nfs':
            self.setup_nfs()
        netconf = " " + self.cmdline_ip_tap
        netconf = netconf.replace('@CLIENT@', str(client))
        netconf = netconf.replace('@GATEWAY@', str(gateway))
        self.nfs_server = self.nfs_server.replace('@GATEWAY@', str(gateway))
        logger.info("Network configuration:%s", netconf)
        self.kernel_cmdline_script += netconf
        mac = "%s%02x" % (self.mac_tap, client)
        qb_tap_opt = self.get('QB_TAP_OPT')
        if qb_tap_opt:
            qemu_tap_opt = qb_tap_opt.replace('@TAP@', tap)
        else:
            qemu_tap_opt = "-netdev tap,id=net0,ifname=%s,script=no,downscript=no" % (self.tap)

        if self.vhost_enabled:
            qemu_tap_opt += ',vhost=on'

        self.set('NETWORK_CMD', '%s %s' % (self.network_device.replace('@MAC@', mac), qemu_tap_opt))

    def setup_network(self):
        if self.nonetwork or self.get('QB_NET') == 'none':
            self.set('NETWORK_CMD', '-nic none')
            return
        if sys.stdin.isatty():
            self.saved_stty = subprocess.check_output(("stty", "-g")).decode('utf-8').strip()
        self.network_device = self.get('QB_NETWORK_DEVICE') or self.network_device
        if self.net_bridge:
            self.setup_net_bridge()
        elif self.slirp_enabled:
            self.cmdline_ip_slirp = self.get('QB_CMDLINE_IP_SLIRP') or self.cmdline_ip_slirp
            self.setup_slirp()
        else:
            self.cmdline_ip_tap = self.get('QB_CMDLINE_IP_TAP') or self.cmdline_ip_tap
            self.setup_tap()

    def setup_rootfs(self):
        if self.get('QB_ROOTFS') == 'none':
            return
        if 'wic.' in self.fstype:
            self.fstype = self.fstype[4:]
        rootfs_format = self.fstype if self.fstype in ('vmdk', 'vhd', 'vhdx', 'qcow2', 'vdi') else 'raw'

        tmpfsdir = os.environ.get("RUNQEMU_TMPFS_DIR", None)
        if self.snapshot and tmpfsdir:
            newrootfs = os.path.join(tmpfsdir, os.path.basename(self.rootfs)) + "." + str(os.getpid())
            logger.info("Copying rootfs to %s" % newrootfs)
            copy_start = time.time()
            shutil.copyfile(self.rootfs, newrootfs)
            logger.info("Copy done in %s seconds" % (time.time() - copy_start))
            self.rootfs = newrootfs
            # Don't need a second copy now!
            self.snapshot = False
            self.cleanup_files.append(newrootfs)

        qb_rootfs_opt = self.get('QB_ROOTFS_OPT')
        if qb_rootfs_opt:
            self.rootfs_options = qb_rootfs_opt.replace('@ROOTFS@', self.rootfs)
        else:
            self.rootfs_options = '-drive file=%s,if=virtio,format=%s' % (self.rootfs, rootfs_format)

        qb_rootfs_extra_opt = self.get("QB_ROOTFS_EXTRA_OPT")
        if qb_rootfs_extra_opt and not qb_rootfs_extra_opt.startswith(","):
            qb_rootfs_extra_opt = "," + qb_rootfs_extra_opt

        if self.fstype in ('cpio.gz', 'cpio'):
            self.kernel_cmdline = 'root=/dev/ram0 rw debugshell'
            self.rootfs_options = '-initrd %s' % self.rootfs
        else:
            vm_drive = ''
            if self.fstype in self.vmtypes:
                if self.fstype == 'iso':
                    vm_drive = '-drive file=%s,if=virtio,media=cdrom' % self.rootfs
                elif self.get('QB_DRIVE_TYPE'):
                    drive_type = self.get('QB_DRIVE_TYPE')
                    if drive_type.startswith("/dev/sd"):
                        logger.info('Using scsi drive')
                        vm_drive = '-drive if=none,id=hd,file=%s,format=%s -device virtio-scsi-pci,id=scsi -device scsi-hd,drive=hd%s' \
                                       % (self.rootfs, rootfs_format, qb_rootfs_extra_opt)
                    elif drive_type.startswith("/dev/hd"):
                        logger.info('Using ide drive')
                        vm_drive = "-drive file=%s,format=%s" % (self.rootfs, rootfs_format)
                    elif drive_type.startswith("/dev/vdb"):
                        logger.info('Using block virtio drive');
                        vm_drive = '-drive id=disk0,file=%s,if=none,format=%s -device virtio-blk-device,drive=disk0%s' \
                                    % (self.rootfs, rootfs_format,qb_rootfs_extra_opt)
                    else:
                        # virtio might have been selected explicitly (just use it), or
                        # is used as fallback (then warn about that).
                        if not drive_type.startswith("/dev/vd"):
                            logger.warning("Unknown QB_DRIVE_TYPE: %s" % drive_type)
                            logger.warning("Failed to figure out drive type, consider define or fix QB_DRIVE_TYPE")
                            logger.warning('Trying to use virtio block drive')
                        vm_drive = '-drive if=virtio,file=%s,format=%s' % (self.rootfs, rootfs_format)

                # All branches above set vm_drive.
                self.rootfs_options = vm_drive
                if not self.fstype in self.vmtypes:
                    self.rootfs_options += ' -no-reboot'

            # By default, ' rw' is appended to QB_KERNEL_ROOT unless either ro or rw is explicitly passed.
            qb_kernel_root = self.get('QB_KERNEL_ROOT')
            qb_kernel_root_l = qb_kernel_root.split()
            if not ('ro' in qb_kernel_root_l or 'rw' in qb_kernel_root_l):
                qb_kernel_root += ' rw'
            self.kernel_cmdline = 'root=%s' % qb_kernel_root

        if self.fstype == 'nfs':
            self.rootfs_options = ''
            k_root = '/dev/nfs nfsroot=%s:%s,%s' % (self.nfs_server, os.path.abspath(self.rootfs), self.unfs_opts)
            self.kernel_cmdline = 'root=%s rw' % k_root

        if self.fstype == 'none':
            self.rootfs_options = ''

        self.set('ROOTFS_OPTIONS', self.rootfs_options)

    def guess_qb_system(self):
        """attempt to determine the appropriate qemu-system binary"""
        mach = self.get('MACHINE')
        if not mach:
            search = '.*(qemux86-64|qemux86|qemuarm64|qemuarm|qemuloongarch64|qemumips64|qemumips64el|qemumipsel|qemumips|qemuppc).*'
            if self.rootfs:
                match = re.match(search, self.rootfs)
                if match:
                    mach = match.group(1)
            elif self.kernel:
                match = re.match(search, self.kernel)
                if match:
                    mach = match.group(1)

        if not mach:
            return None

        if mach == 'qemuarm':
            qbsys = 'arm'
        elif mach == 'qemuarm64':
            qbsys = 'aarch64'
        elif mach == 'qemux86':
            qbsys = 'i386'
        elif mach == 'qemux86-64':
            qbsys = 'x86_64'
        elif mach == 'qemuppc':
            qbsys = 'ppc'
        elif mach == 'qemuloongarch64':
            qbsys = 'loongarch64'
        elif mach == 'qemumips':
            qbsys = 'mips'
        elif mach == 'qemumips64':
            qbsys = 'mips64'
        elif mach == 'qemumipsel':
            qbsys = 'mipsel'
        elif mach == 'qemumips64el':
            qbsys = 'mips64el'
        elif mach == 'qemuriscv64':
            qbsys = 'riscv64'
        elif mach == 'qemuriscv32':
            qbsys = 'riscv32'
        else:
            logger.error("Unable to determine QEMU PC System emulator for %s machine." % mach)
            logger.error("As %s is not among valid QEMU machines such as," % mach)
            logger.error("qemux86-64, qemux86, qemuarm64, qemuarm, qemumips64, qemumips64el, qemumipsel, qemumips, qemuppc")
            raise RunQemuError("Set qb_system_name with suitable QEMU PC System emulator in .*qemuboot.conf.")

        return 'qemu-system-%s' % qbsys

    def check_qemu_system(self):
        qemu_system = self.get('QB_SYSTEM_NAME')
        if not qemu_system:
            qemu_system = self.guess_qb_system()
        if not qemu_system:
            raise RunQemuError("Failed to boot, QB_SYSTEM_NAME is NULL!")
        self.qemu_system = qemu_system

    def check_render_nodes(self):
        render_hint = """If /dev/dri/renderD* is absent due to lack of suitable GPU, 'modprobe vgem' will create one suitable for mesa llvmpipe software renderer."""
        try:
            content = os.listdir("/dev/dri")
            if len([i for i in content if i.startswith('render')]) == 0:
                raise RunQemuError("No render nodes found in /dev/dri: %s. %s" %(content, render_hint))
        except FileNotFoundError:
            raise RunQemuError("/dev/dri directory does not exist; no render nodes available on this machine. %s" %(render_hint))

    def setup_guest_agent(self):
        if self.guest_agent == True:
            self.qemu_opt += ' -chardev socket,path=' + self.guest_agent_sockpath + ',server,nowait,id=qga0 '
            self.qemu_opt += ' -device virtio-serial '
            self.qemu_opt += ' -device virtserialport,chardev=qga0,name=org.qemu.guest_agent.0 '

    def setup_vga(self):
        if self.nographic == True:
            if self.sdl == True:
                raise RunQemuError('Option nographic makes no sense alongside the sdl option.')
            if self.gtk == True:
                raise RunQemuError('Option nographic makes no sense alongside the gtk option.')
            self.qemu_opt += ' -nographic'

        if self.novga == True:
            self.qemu_opt += ' -vga none'
            return

        if (self.gl_es == True or self.gl == True) and (self.sdl == False and self.gtk == False):
            raise RunQemuError('Option gl/gl-es needs gtk or sdl option.')

        # If we have no display option, we autodetect based upon what qemu supports. We
        # need our font setup and show-cusor below so we need to see what qemu --help says
        # is supported so we can pass our correct config in.
        if not self.nographic and not self.sdl and not self.gtk and not self.publicvnc and not self.egl_headless == True:
            output = subprocess.check_output([self.qemu_bin, "--help"], universal_newlines=True, env=self.qemu_environ)
            if "-display gtk" in output:
                self.gtk = True
            elif "-display sdl" in output:
                self.sdl = True
            else:
                self.qemu_opt += ' -display none'

        if self.sdl == True or self.gtk == True or self.egl_headless == True:

            if self.qemu_system.endswith(('i386', 'x86_64')):
                if self.gl or self.gl_es or self.egl_headless:
                    self.qemu_opt += ' -device virtio-vga-gl '
                else:
                    self.qemu_opt += ' -device virtio-vga '

            self.qemu_opt += ' -display '
            if self.egl_headless == True:
                self.check_render_nodes()
                self.set_dri_path()
                self.qemu_opt += 'egl-headless,'
            else:
                if self.sdl == True:
                    self.qemu_opt += 'sdl,'
                elif self.gtk == True:
                    self.qemu_environ['FONTCONFIG_PATH'] = '/etc/fonts'
                    self.qemu_opt += 'gtk,'

                if self.gl == True:
                    self.set_dri_path()
                    self.qemu_opt += 'gl=on,'
                elif self.gl_es == True:
                    self.set_dri_path()
                    self.qemu_opt += 'gl=es,'
            self.qemu_opt += 'show-cursor=on'

        self.qemu_opt += ' %s' %self.get('QB_GRAPHICS')

    def setup_serial(self):
        # Setup correct kernel command line for serial
        if self.get('SERIAL_CONSOLES') and (self.serialstdio == True or self.serialconsole == True or self.nographic == True or self.tcpserial_portnum):
            for entry in self.get('SERIAL_CONSOLES').split(' '):
                self.kernel_cmdline_script += ' console=%s' %entry.split(';')[1]

        if self.serialstdio == True or self.nographic == True:
            self.qemu_opt += " -serial mon:stdio"
        else:
            self.qemu_opt += " -serial mon:vc"
            if self.serialconsole:
                if sys.stdin.isatty():
                    subprocess.check_call(("stty", "intr", "^]"))
                    logger.info("Interrupt character is '^]'")

                self.qemu_opt += " %s" % self.get("QB_SERIAL_OPT")

        # We always wants ttyS0 and ttyS1 in qemu machines (see SERIAL_CONSOLES).
        # If no serial or serialtcp options were specified, only ttyS0 is created
        # and sysvinit shows an error trying to enable ttyS1:
        #     INIT: Id "S1" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes
        serial_num = len(re.findall("-serial", self.qemu_opt))
        if serial_num < 2:
            self.qemu_opt += " -serial null"

    def find_qemu(self):
        qemu_bin = os.path.join(self.bindir_native, self.qemu_system)

        # It is possible to have qemu-native in ASSUME_PROVIDED, and it won't
        # find QEMU in sysroot, it needs to use host's qemu.
        if not os.path.exists(qemu_bin):
            logger.info("QEMU binary not found in %s, trying host's QEMU" % qemu_bin)
            for path in (os.environ['PATH'] or '').split(':'):
                qemu_bin_tmp = os.path.join(path, self.qemu_system)
                logger.info("Trying: %s" % qemu_bin_tmp)
                if os.path.exists(qemu_bin_tmp):
                    qemu_bin = qemu_bin_tmp
                    if not os.path.isabs(qemu_bin):
                        qemu_bin = os.path.abspath(qemu_bin)
                    logger.info("Using host's QEMU: %s" % qemu_bin)
                    break

        if not os.access(qemu_bin, os.X_OK):
            raise OEPathError("No QEMU binary '%s' could be found" % qemu_bin)
        self.qemu_bin = qemu_bin

    def setup_final(self):

        self.find_qemu()

        self.qemu_opt = "%s %s %s %s %s" % (self.qemu_bin, self.get('NETWORK_CMD'), self.get('QB_RNG'), self.get('ROOTFS_OPTIONS'), self.get('QB_OPT_APPEND').replace('@DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE@', self.get('DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE')))

        for ovmf in self.ovmf_bios:
            format = ovmf.rsplit('.', 1)[-1]
            if format == "bin":
                format = "raw"
            self.qemu_opt += ' -drive if=pflash,format=%s,file=%s' % (format, ovmf)

        self.qemu_opt += ' ' + self.qemu_opt_script

        if self.ovmf_secboot_pkkek1:
			# Provide the Platform Key and first Key Exchange Key certificate as an
			# OEM string in the SMBIOS Type 11 table. Prepend the certificate string
			# with "application prefix" of the EnrollDefaultKeys.efi application
            self.qemu_opt += ' -smbios type=11,value=4e32566d-8e9e-4f52-81d3-5bb9715f9727:' \
                             + self.ovmf_secboot_pkkek1

        # Append qemuparams to override previous settings
        if self.qemuparams:
            self.qemu_opt += ' ' + self.qemuparams

        if self.snapshot:
            self.qemu_opt += " -snapshot"

        self.setup_guest_agent()
        self.setup_serial()
        self.setup_vga()

    def start_qemu(self):
        import shlex
        if self.kernel:
            kernel_opts = "-kernel %s" % (self.kernel)
            if self.get('QB_KERNEL_CMDLINE') == "none":
                if self.bootparams:
                    kernel_opts += " -append '%s'" % (self.bootparams)
            else:
                kernel_opts += " -append '%s %s %s %s'" % (self.kernel_cmdline,
                                                                self.kernel_cmdline_script, self.get('QB_KERNEL_CMDLINE_APPEND'),
                                                                self.bootparams)
            if self.dtb:
                kernel_opts += " -dtb %s" % self.dtb
        else:
            kernel_opts = ""

        if self.bios:
            self.qemu_opt += " -bios %s" % self.bios

        cmd = "%s %s" % (self.qemu_opt, kernel_opts)
        cmds = shlex.split(cmd)
        logger.info('Running %s\n' % cmd)
        with open('/proc/uptime', 'r') as f:
            uptime_seconds = f.readline().split()[0]
        logger.info('Host uptime: %s\n' % uptime_seconds)
        pass_fds = []
        if self.taplock_descriptor:
            pass_fds = [self.taplock_descriptor.fileno()]
        if len(self.portlocks):
            for descriptor in self.portlocks.values():
                pass_fds.append(descriptor.fileno())
        process = subprocess.Popen(cmds, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, pass_fds=pass_fds, env=self.qemu_environ)
        self.qemuprocess = process
        retcode = process.wait()
        if retcode:
            if retcode == -signal.SIGTERM:
                logger.info("Qemu terminated by SIGTERM")
            else:
                logger.error("Failed to run qemu: %s", process.stderr.read().decode())

    def cleanup_cmd(self):
        cmd = self.get('QB_CLEANUP_CMD')
        if cmd != '':
            logger.info('Running cleanup command %s' % str(cmd))
            if subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True) != 0:
                raise RunQemuError('Failed to run %s' % str(cmd))

    def cleanup(self):
        if self.cleaned:
            return

        # avoid dealing with SIGTERM when cleanup function is running
        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, signal.SIG_IGN)

        logger.info("Cleaning up")

        if self.qemuprocess:
            try:
                # give it some time to shut down, ignore return values and output
                self.qemuprocess.send_signal(signal.SIGTERM)
                self.qemuprocess.communicate(timeout=5)
            except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
                self.qemuprocess.kill()

        with open('/proc/uptime', 'r') as f:
            uptime_seconds = f.readline().split()[0]
        logger.info('Host uptime: %s\n' % uptime_seconds)
        if self.cleantap:
            cmd = ('sudo', self.qemuifdown, self.tap, self.bindir_native)
            logger.debug('Running %s' % str(cmd))
            subprocess.check_call(cmd)
        self.release_taplock()
        self.release_portlock()

        if self.nfs_running:
            logger.info("Shutting down the userspace NFS server...")
            cmd = ("runqemu-export-rootfs", "stop", self.rootfs)
            logger.debug('Running %s' % str(cmd))
            subprocess.check_call(cmd)

        if self.saved_stty:
            subprocess.check_call(("stty", self.saved_stty))

        if self.cleanup_files:
            for ent in self.cleanup_files:
                logger.info('Removing %s' % ent)
                if os.path.isfile(ent):
                    os.remove(ent)
                else:
                    shutil.rmtree(ent)

        # Deliberately ignore the return code of 'tput smam'.
        subprocess.call(["tput", "smam"])

        self.cleaned = True

    def run_bitbake_env(self, mach=None, target=''):
        bitbake = shutil.which('bitbake')
        if not bitbake:
            return

        if not mach:
            mach = self.get('MACHINE')

        multiconfig = self.get('MULTICONFIG')
        if multiconfig:
            multiconfig = "mc:%s" % multiconfig

        if mach:
            cmd = 'MACHINE=%s bitbake -e %s %s' % (mach, multiconfig, target)
        else:
            cmd = 'bitbake -e %s %s' % (multiconfig, target)

        logger.info('Running %s...' % cmd)
        try:
            return subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode('utf-8')
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
            logger.warning("Couldn't run '%s' to gather environment information, maybe the target wasn't an image name, will retry with virtual/kernel as a target:\n%s" % (cmd, err.output.decode('utf-8')))
            # need something with IMAGE_NAME_SUFFIX/IMAGE_LINK_NAME defined (kernel also inherits image-artifact-names.bbclass)
            target = 'virtual/kernel'
            if mach:
                cmd = 'MACHINE=%s bitbake -e %s %s' % (mach, multiconfig, target)
            else:
                cmd = 'bitbake -e %s %s' % (multiconfig, target)
            try:
                return subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode('utf-8')
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
                logger.warning("Couldn't run '%s' to gather environment information, giving up with 'bitbake -e':\n%s" % (cmd, err.output.decode('utf-8')))
                return ''


    def load_bitbake_env(self, mach=None, target=None):
        if self.bitbake_e:
            return

        self.bitbake_e = self.run_bitbake_env(mach=mach, target=target)

    def validate_combos(self):
        if (self.fstype in self.vmtypes) and self.kernel:
            raise RunQemuError("%s doesn't need kernel %s!" % (self.fstype, self.kernel))

    @property
    def bindir_native(self):
        result = self.get('STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE')
        if result and os.path.exists(result):
            return result

        cmd = ['bitbake', '-e']
        multiconfig = self.get('MULTICONFIG')
        if multiconfig:
            cmd.append('mc:%s:qemu-helper-native' % multiconfig)
        else:
            cmd.append('qemu-helper-native')

        logger.info('Running %s...' % str(cmd))
        out = subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8')

        match = re.search('^STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE="(.*)"', out, re.M)
        if match:
            result = match.group(1)
            if os.path.exists(result):
                self.set('STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE', result)
                return result
            raise RunQemuError("Native sysroot directory %s doesn't exist" % result)
        else:
            raise RunQemuError("Can't find STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE in '%s' output" % str(cmd))


def main():
    if "help" in sys.argv or '-h' in sys.argv or '--help' in sys.argv:
        print_usage()
        return 0
    try:
        config = BaseConfig()

        renice = os.path.expanduser("~/bin/runqemu-renice")
        if os.path.exists(renice):
            logger.info('Using %s to renice' % renice)
            subprocess.check_call([renice, str(os.getpid())])

        def sigterm_handler(signum, frame):
            logger.info("Received signal: %s" % (signum))
            config.cleanup()
        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, sigterm_handler)

        config.check_args()
        config.read_qemuboot()
        config.check_and_set()
        # Check whether the combos is valid or not
        config.validate_combos()
        config.print_config()
        config.setup_network()
        config.setup_rootfs()
        config.setup_final()
        config.setup_cmd()
        config.start_qemu()
    except RunQemuError as err:
        logger.error(err)
        return 1
    except Exception as err:
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exc()
        return 1
    finally:
        config.cleanup_cmd()
        config.cleanup()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    sys.exit(main())